Wap, Bluetooth, Edge & Gprs

EDGE - Enh anc ed Data r at es f or GSM Ev olutio n "Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution" is the correct term for EDGE. EDGE is a new air-interface technology, to offer third-generation data rates for the global evolution of GSM and TDMA to 3G. EDGE uses 8 Phase Shift Keying Modulation (8-PSK), rather than normal GSM Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK). This will offer 48 kbits/s per GSM timeslot. The catch is that EDGE requires higher radio signal quality than that found in an average GSM network before higher data throughput can be reached. This means more base stations (especially indoor) and infrastructure build-out for established GSM operators that wish to migrate to EDGE EDGE enables services like multimedia emailing, Web infotainment and video conferencing to be easily accessible from wireless terminals. EDGE is designed for migration into existing GSM and TDMA networks, enabling operators to offer multimedia and other IP-based services at speeds of up to 384 kbits/s (possibly 473 kbits/s in the future) in wide area networks. An important attraction of EDGE is the smooth evolution and upgrade of existing network hardware and software, which can be introduced into an operator's current GSM or TDMA network in existing frequency bands.

GPRS - General Packet Radio Service General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a data service designed for second generation GSM and PCS networks. It uses a packet radio principle to carry end user's packet data protocol like IP or X.25 information from mobiles to external packet data networks and visa versa. GPRS optimises the use of radio and network resources. Separation between the base station subsystem and network subsystem is maintained and the network subsystem can be reused with other services. GPRS radio channel reservation and allocation is done flexible from 1 to 8 radio interface timeslots per TDMA frame and timeslots are shared by all the active users. Up and downlink are allocated separately. The radio interface resources are shared dynamically between data and speech services according to operator's preference and base station load. Several radio channel coding schemes are specified to allow data rates from 9 kbits/s up to 171 kbits/s and eventually 384 kbits/s per user. The available bandwidth per channel depends upon which coding scheme is used. CS1 provides connectivity under "all conditions" and delivers a user throughput of up to 9.05 kbits/s, While CS4 requires excellent radio signal (Carrier to Interference ratio of 27 dB) and delivers a user throughput of up to 21.4 kbits/s. GPRS is designed to support intermittent and bursty data transfers and occasional transmission of large volumes of data, and point-to-point and point-to-multipoint services are also supported. GSM network requires two new network elements for GPRS. The Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN), which performs security functions, mobility management and access control. Frame Relay connects the SGSN the base station system. The Gateway GSN (GGSN) is used for interworking with external packet-switched networks. GPRS is standardised in ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute).

Bluet ooth Bluetooth has positioned itself as a point-to-point (or even point-to-multipoint) cable replacement while HomeRF is meant to be an entire home network. Bluetooth can still support up to 8 devices in a piconet (two or more Bluetooth units sharing a channel). The actual Bluetooth chip can be incorporated into a variety of devices and measures just 17x33x3mm. Bluetooth operates on a same ISM 2.4 GHz band and like HomeRF it must cope with interference from baby monitors, garage door openers, cordless phones and microwave ovens, which also use this frequency. What is Blueto oth wir eless techno logy , an yw ay? Operating on the 2.4 GHz frequency band, Bluetooth wireless technology promises to link electronic devices using short-range radio waves. Once they are equipped with a Bluetooth chip, laptops, headsets, cell phones, printers, fax machines, PDAs, and other peripherals will unconsciously seek each other out and share information without the need for cords (or user programming). In a few years, Bluetooth wireless technology will be installed in all types of devices: when you go to the movies, you will buy tickets with your PDA as you walk through the theatre doors; when you get gasoline, your car will charge your credit card without a single swipe. Not impeded by line-of-sight restrictions, Bluetooth signals can transmit data at speeds of up to 1 Mbps and can travel to distances of up to 30 feet. But the primary reason for Bluetooth's popularity is its price. The new chips will eventually cost about $5 each. So is Bluetoo th wir eless techno logy r ea dy for ev ery one? Because it is designed to link various product lines, Bluetooth is a complicated technology. Microsoft recently announced that its next version of Windows will not support Bluetooth and a few other companies have decided to wait, as well. It is the simpler applications that industry analysts and product testers are confident that Bluetooth is ready for—products in which Bluetooth will replace cords and enable similar devices to speak to each other. For the most part, the earliest enabled products will include: laptops and mobile phones, which will facilitate easier internet access; and headsets, which will allow consumers to use the same headset to access various desktop and mobile devices. Headsets have been among the product lines that have consistently tested well with Bluetooth installed. Bluetooth

gene ral speci fica tion :

Frequency Range Data Rate Channel Bandwidth Range RF hopping Encryption TX Output Power

2402 - 2480 MHz 1 Mbps 1 MHz Up to 10 m can be extended further 1600 times/s GSM like, device ID and 0/40/64 bit key lengths 20 dBm Max. (0.1W)

Wi rel es s A pplic ation Protocol

( WAP)

Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is an open standard and application environment for wireless information and telephony services on digital mobile phones specified by WAP Forum. WAP will be applicable to second and third generation mobile phones, pagers, two-way radios, smart phones and communicator. WAP is designed to work with most wireless networks such as CDPD, CDMA IS-95, GSM900/1800/1900, PDC, PHS, TDMA IS136, FLEX, ReFLEX, iDEN, TETRA, DECT, DataTAC, Mobitex and 3G systems, and it can be built on any operating system including PalmOS, EPOC, Windows CE, FLEXOS, OS/9, JavaOS etc. WAP is the platform for media phones and it brings internet content and advanced value added services to mobile users. It has been optimised for mobile environment where users have small size screens on pocket-sized mobile phones and pagers, and navigation around and between screen can be difficult. WAP utilizing binary transmission for greater compression of data, and is optimised for long latency and low to medium bandwidth. WAP also includes options for authentication, encryption and WTA (Wireless Telephony Applications). WAP was designed for intermittent coverage, small screens, low power consumption, wide scalability over bearers and devices and one-handed operation and 3G networks in mind.

WHA T IS WAP? The Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is an open, global specification that empowers mobile users with wireless devices to easily access and interact with information and services instantly. WHA T IS WAP FOR? To enable easy fast delivery of relevant information and services to mobile users. What type of devices wi

ll use WAP?

Handheld digital wireless devices such as mobile phones, pagers, two-way radios, smartphones and communicators -- from low-end to high-end. Whi ch wir eless networks does W

AP work with?

WAP is designed to work with most wireless networks such as CDPD, CDMA, GSM, PDC, PHS, TDMA, FLEX, ReFLEX, iDEN, TETRA, DECT, DataTAC, Mobitex and GRPS. What oper ating sy stems are compati ble with W AP? WAP is a communications protocol and application environment. It can be built on any operating system including PalmOS, EPOC, Windows CE, FLEXOS, OS/9, JavaOS etc. It provides service interoperability even between different device families.