Wakefullness And Sleep Mult Choice Quiz

Wakefulness and Sleep 1 Circadian cycles are to ________ as circannual cycles are to ________. a. mating; hibernating b. endogenous; exogenous c. light-dark; temperature **** d. daily; yearly correct: d -------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 Mammals have circadian rhythms: **** a. for a variety of activities, including sleep. b. for sleep and body temperature only. c. only for their sleep/activity cycle. d. only for frequency of eating and drinking. correct: a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 What is a "free-running rhythm"? a. The activity level of an animal that does not have a biological clock. b. A pattern of activity that varies unpredictably from one day to the next. **** c. The activity cycle generated by a biological clock that is not reset. d. The sleep pattern of a sleep-deprived person allowed to sleep without restrictions. correct: c -------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 What happens if people live in an environment in which the cycle of light and dark is other than 24 hours? a. They adjust better if the cycle is some multiple of 24 (e.g. 48). **** b. They adjust better if the cycle is close to 24 (e.g. 25). c. Within a few days they adjust to waking and sleeping on the new schedule, whatever it is. d. They fail to adjust at all. correct: b -------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 Research on circadian rhythms has shown that one of the best ways to increase the alertness and efficiency of workers on night shifts is to: **** a. expose them to bright lights while they work. b. keep the environmental temperature constant from night to day. c. have them eat a big meal before going to sleep. d. allow them to catnap. correct: a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 The surest way to disrupt the biological clock is to damage the: a. lateral hypothalamus. b. caudate nucleus. c. substantia nigra. **** d. suprachiasmatic nucleus. correct: d -------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 The role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the regulation of biological rhythms is to: a. coordinate several biological clocks. b. feed visual information to the biological clock. **** c. generate the circadian rhythm. d. generate circannual rhythms.

correct: c -------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 The input from the eyes to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, responsible for shifting the phase of the circadian rhythm, originates from: a. cones only. **** b. ganglion cells that are not connected to any cones or rods. c. rods only. d. cones and rods equally. correct: b -------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 Slow-wave sleep is comprised of: a. alpha wave sleep. b. REM sleep. c. stages 1 and 2. **** d. stages 3 and 4. correct: d -------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 EEG waves are larger when brain activity decreases because: **** a. neurons are becoming more synchronized. b. blood flow is increasing. c. the EEG measures muscle tension, which also decreases. d. neurons are becoming more desynchronized. correct: a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 During REM sleep, the EEG shows: **** a. irregular, low-voltage fast waves. b. regular, low-voltage slow waves. c. irregular, high-voltage slow waves. d. regular, high-voltage slow waves. correct: a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------12 The relationship between sleep stage and dreaming is that dreams: **** a. are more frequent and more vivid in REM sleep. b. occur only in NREM sleep. c. are more frequent and more vivid in NREM sleep. d. occur only in REM sleep. correct: a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 Different sets of cells in the basal forebrain release which two neurotransmitters? a. CCK and neuropeptide Y b. histamine and norepinephrine c. serotonin and substance P **** d. acetylcholine and GABA correct: d -------------------------------------------------------------------------------14 PGO waves are associated with which of the following? a. relaxation during wakefulness b. being awakened from REM sleep **** c. REM sleep d. NREM sleep

correct: c -------------------------------------------------------------------------------15 What are the dreamlike experiences at the onset of sleep that are difficult to distinguish from reality? a. idiopathic hallucinations b. pseudo-psychedelic visions **** c. hypnagogic hallucinations d. occipital illusions correct: c -------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 Loss of orexin-containing neurons in the hypothalamus may contribute to: a. periodic limb movement disorder. b. sleep apnea. **** c. narcolepsy. d. insomnia. correct: c -------------------------------------------------------------------------------17 According to the evolutionary perspective of sleep, the primary function of sleep is to: a. enable the person to re-experience, in dreams, the events of the past. b. restore body functions that were exhausted during wakefulness. c. promote brain development. **** d. conserve energy. correct: d -------------------------------------------------------------------------------18 The sleep of dolphins is unique because: **** a. only one hemisphere of their brain sleeps at a time. b. they never sleep. c. they have no REM sleep. d. they have no NREM sleep. correct: a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------19 Research suggests that ________ sleep is most important for strengthening memories of motor skills. a. stage I b. stage II **** c. REM d. deep correct: c -------------------------------------------------------------------------------20 During dreaming, which of the following area or areas continue to be highly active? a. The areas of the prefrontal cortex that are key to working memory. **** b. The hypothalamus, amygdala, and other emotional areas. c. The primary motor cortex in the precentral gyrus. d. The primary visual cortex and primary auditory cortex. correct: b