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Biddala, Islam, Pan 1
Dhanush Biddala, Mahir Islam, and Raymond Pan Mrs. Kelly AP World History November 7, 2018 Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources Ali Jinnah, Muhammad. “Jinnah Calls for Pakistan.” The National Archives, The National Archives, 21 May 2014,www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/the-road-to-pa rtition/jinnah-calls-pakistan/. We used this document to find out more about the causes of the partition. This primary source helps us understand more about the Muslim thought their split between them and the Hindus went. It also shows how much work needed to be put in in order to manage the new country as well as how their refugee policy works with the Indian government. Ali Jinnah, Muhammad. “Jinnah on Partition.” The National Archives, The National Archives, 21 May 2014,ww.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/the-road-to-partition/jinna h-partition/. This primary source helps us understand the point of view of one of the major factors of the partition. The leader of the Muslim League Ali Jinnah. His accounts and narrative helped us look at the major problems that caused the partition. This gave us a wealth of knowledge and information on the Muslim side of the story. Anonymous Military Official. “Calcutta Riots.” The National Archives, The National Archives, 16 May 2014, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/the-road-to-parti tion/calcutta-riots/ This primary source details the stretch the Indians have taken in order to gain their independence from Great Britain. The source portrays the many struggles, such as the many riots in the city of Calcutta, caused by the Indians which grew from unrest due to British treatment. The information helps us see the tragedy in the situation the revolting natives were and how much they struggled for independence.
Biddala, Islam, Pan 2
Ayyar, Kamakshi, and Abhishyant Kidangoor. “How Memory of Indian Partition Is Preserved Across Borders.” Time, Time, 15 Aug. 2018,time.com/5365226/india-pakistan-partition-h istory/. Accessed 6 Nov. 2018. This document was important to understanding our topic because it gave us insight on how the partition sill can be felt in present India and Pakistan. This source gave accounts of experience people had growing up during the partition, making it a good primary source, and how said people can still feel its effects today. It mainly helped us see both sides of how the partition affected the Indian and Pakistani people. Churchill, Winston. “Churchill to PM Attlee.” The National Archives, The National Archives, 16 May 2014,www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/the-road-to-partition/church ill -pm-attlee/. This primary source is a letter from Winston Churchill of Great Britain to the Indian Government. This letter portrays the triumph of the Partition gave to both India and Pakistan. The triumph is delivered through Churchill’s acceptance of Dominion towards the separated nation as well as the promise of British backing for the fledgling nation and the freedom from British rule. This source was used to find out background about the Independence of India and the Partition of 1947. Daily Herald Newspaper. “Map of Possible Partition.” The National Archives, The National Archives, 11 Mar. 2014,www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/the-road-to-pa rtition/map-possible-partition/. This primary source of the Partition of 1947 is a map detailing the proposed plan of splitting India and Pakistan in two. This map helped us analyze how the plan of the partition evolved from idea all the way to reality. This map also showed us the struggles of trying to split the nation. Government of India. “Movement of Refugees.” The National Archives, The National Archives, 1 Sept. 2014,www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/the-road-to-partition/mov
Biddala, Islam, Pan 3
ement-refugees/. This primary source is a document retells the accounts of the movement of refugees from Pakistan and India and the horrors the refugees had to face to get to their destination. The many documents about abduction and kidnappings paints a very clear picture of the tragedy caused due to the confusion and messiness of the split. The source was used to learn about the violence that took place along the trails of the partition along the Indo-Pakistani border. Indian Commander and Chief. “Civil Disobedience.” The National Archives, The National Archives, 16 May 2014,www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/the-road-to-pa rtition/civil-disobedience/. This primary source is a documentation on various acts of civil disobedience that occured within the partitioning Indian Nation. The document outlines the various tragedies the country had to undertake in order to achieve the triumph of it’s separation from the British commonwealth and helps us understand how much India wished to seperate. We used this source in order to see how to violence took place from a first hand account and to see how the people of both nations were in conflict with each other. Indian High Commissioner. “India-Pakistan Relations.” The National Archives, The National Archives, 16 May 2014,www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/the-r oad-to-partition/india-pakistan-relations/. This primary source is a manuscript written in 1947 by the High Commissioner of India. The document reflects on how the situation inside of the conflicted nations of India and Pakistan after their split including the muddled up affairs of the politicians inside both of the conflicting countries and the tragedy that the split has caused with Muslim and Hindu business, community, and migration. This source was used to see how leaders in the Indian and Pakistani communities viewed each other throughout the whole event and after the partition occured. Jayagopalan, Gaana. "Orality and the archive: teaching the partition of India through oral
Biddala, Islam, Pan 4
histories." Radical Teacher, Summer 2016, p. 44+. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A462327964/GPS?u=carmelhs&sid=GPS&xid=fbf2b f8f. Accessed 5 Nov. 2018. This primary source shows how the partition was remembered orally by those who witnessed it firsthand. This portrays how the partition was seen not by the governments but by the people who were affected by the violence caused by the separation of India and Pakistan. Relations Office, Commonwealth. “Attlee on Partition Violence.” The National Archives, The National Archives, 16 May 2014,www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/th e-road-to-partition/attlee-partition-violence/. This primary source is a transcript of a message towards the Pakistani government written by the Indian government in order to communicate and develop a stable relationship together. It helped us understand the difficulty during the split but also showed the triumph of the two nations being split and still acknowledging that could cooperate in the future as two powerful allied nations. Secondary Sources Bose, Sumantra. "Decolonization and state building in South Asia." Journal of International Affairs, vol. 58, no. 1, 2004, p. 95+. Military and Intelligence Database Collection, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A126654864/GPS?u=carmelhs&sid=GPS&xid=e0ccf f8f. Accessed 5 Nov. 2018 This secondary source shows how the making of India and Pakistan fits into the period of state-building in South Asia. This gives us a political perspective of India’s state-building and the religious influences around the creation of Pakistan, as well as well as the similarities and differences within the two countries and their leaders. We used this source to see the division and separation of Indian and Pakistani culture. Cohen, Stephen P. The Idea of Pakistan. Brookings Institution, 2006. Accessed 6 Nov. 2018.
Biddala, Islam, Pan 5
We had a new perspective on the topic after reading this book through the way the author described the process in which the leaders in the Indian Islamic community came to the decision of creating Pakistan. This second-hand source helped immensely with understanding the steps of the partition that were driven by the Muslim League. We used this source when we were creating a timeline in which the events of the Partition of 1947 occurred in, including the events leading up to it and the aftermath. Frykenberg, Robert Eric. "Aftermath of calamity: the partition of India revisited: a review article." Fides et Historia, vol. 42, no. 1, 2010, p. 57+. World History in Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A463399446/GPS?u=carmelhs&sid=GPS&xid=8557 c787. Accessed 5 Nov. 2018. This article which is a secondary source shows the aftermath of the partition and how it affected India and Pakistan in the past and how it stills affects the two nations today. This article truly portrays the impact of the partition and its overall impact on the Indian subcontinent. The source was used to help understand the overall effect of the partition and how it still has a major impact on the region and the world as a whole. "India Partitioned, August 15, 1947." Historic World Events, Gale, 2012. World History in Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/BT2359070419/WHIC?u=carmelhs& sid=WHIC&xid=7c053e84. Accessed 6 Nov. 2018. Accessed 6 Nov. 2018. This document was important to our topic because it helped us learn the order in which the events occurred during the Partition of 1947. Throughout the article found on the Gale Database, we see many of the key figures that helped shape this time period of history. We also used the article to use as a summary for what took place in total after all the events occurred to gain context making this a very informational secondary source. “Modern History Sourcebook: Declaration of Pakistan and India on Jammu and Kashmir, 1966.” Internet History Sourcebooks, Fordham University, July 1998,sourcebooks.fordham.edu/ mod/1966kashmir1.asp. Accessed 6 Nov. 2018. We used this source to help further our knowledge of the conflicts over territories between India and Pakistan after the events of the partition occurred. It helped us understand how the two countries declared peace after the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. It
Biddala, Islam, Pan 6
gave us a good insight on the many ways India and Pakistan tried to solve their disagreement over land and how both parties viewed the conflict. "Partition of India." Encyclopedia of Asian History, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1988. World History in Context,http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/BT2358201403/WHIC?u=carmelh s&sid=WHIC&xid=a6566187. Accessed 6 Nov. 2018.
This article from the Gale Database helped us understand our topic better because it contained events that happened prior to the Partition of 1947. This second-hand source provided us with people and societal changes that influence the Indian government to separate from Pakistan. We mainly used this source to gather information to see why the Pakistani people chose to not identify themselves as Indians. We also used this source to find key leaders and figures who helped cause the partition. "Ripples of Psycho-social Violence in the Aftermath of 1947 Partition." The Dialogue, vol. 7, 4, 2012. Military and Intelligence Database Collection, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/do c/A311675508/GPS?u=carmelhs&sid=GPS&xid=bccb416d. Accessed 5 Nov. 2018. This secondary source from the Gale Database portrays the struggle that was caused the split between the Muslims and Hindus during the Partition. Various strifes are recorded and described relating to tragedy such as a first-hand account of politics, women’s rights, and displacement. We used this source to learn more about the violence that took place to gain independence rather than the peaceful protests that everyone knows about. Unni, Upasana. "Militant complex: demarginalizing Indian Muslims." Harvard International Review, vol. 30, no. 2, 2008, p. 10+. Military and Intelligence Database Collection, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A184710758/GPS?u=carmelhs&sid=GPS&xid=64af2 ec1. Accessed 5 Nov. 2018. This secondary source portrays how the Indian military attacked and brutalized Muslims who were moving across the border. The article was found on the Gale Database and it portrays the struggle that the mass migrations of people caused for Muslims who were moving from India to Pakistan. We used this source to learn more about how the
Biddala, Islam, Pan 7
after-effects of the partition and how it affected the common people of both nations rather than how it affected the large political leaders. US Secretary of State. “Risks of Partition.” The National Archives, The National Archives, 21 May 2014,www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/the-road-to-pa rtition/risks-partition/. This secondary source is a commentary on the partition of India. It helps us understand what other nations views of the partition and helps give us a wider scope of the issue overall. This source portrays a wider understanding of this situation. The secondary source shows how the outside world including the United States were concerned that the partition of India would cause violence
Dhanush Biddala, Mahir Islam, and Raymond Pan Mrs. Kelly AP World History November 7, 2018 Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources Ali Jinnah, Muhammad. “Jinnah Calls for Pakistan.” The National Archives, The National Archives, 21 May 2014,www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/the-road-to-pa rtition/jinnah-calls-pakistan/. We used this document to find out more about the causes of the partition. This primary source helps us understand more about the Muslim thought their split between them and the Hindus went. It also shows how much work needed to be put in in order to manage the new country as well as how their refugee policy works with the Indian government. Ali Jinnah, Muhammad. “Jinnah on Partition.” The National Archives, The National Archives, 21 May 2014,ww.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/the-road-to-partition/jinna h-partition/. This primary source helps us understand the point of view of one of the major factors of the partition. The leader of the Muslim League Ali Jinnah. His accounts and narrative helped us look at the major problems that caused the partition. This gave us a wealth of knowledge and information on the Muslim side of the story. Anonymous Military Official. “Calcutta Riots.” The National Archives, The National Archives, 16 May 2014, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/the-road-to-parti tion/calcutta-riots/ This primary source details the stretch the Indians have taken in order to gain their independence from Great Britain. The source portrays the many struggles, such as the many riots in the city of Calcutta, caused by the Indians which grew from unrest due to British treatment. The information helps us see the tragedy in the situation the revolting natives were and how much they struggled for independence.
Biddala, Islam, Pan 2
Ayyar, Kamakshi, and Abhishyant Kidangoor. “How Memory of Indian Partition Is Preserved Across Borders.” Time, Time, 15 Aug. 2018,time.com/5365226/india-pakistan-partition-h istory/. Accessed 6 Nov. 2018. This document was important to understanding our topic because it gave us insight on how the partition sill can be felt in present India and Pakistan. This source gave accounts of experience people had growing up during the partition, making it a good primary source, and how said people can still feel its effects today. It mainly helped us see both sides of how the partition affected the Indian and Pakistani people. Churchill, Winston. “Churchill to PM Attlee.” The National Archives, The National Archives, 16 May 2014,www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/the-road-to-partition/church ill -pm-attlee/. This primary source is a letter from Winston Churchill of Great Britain to the Indian Government. This letter portrays the triumph of the Partition gave to both India and Pakistan. The triumph is delivered through Churchill’s acceptance of Dominion towards the separated nation as well as the promise of British backing for the fledgling nation and the freedom from British rule. This source was used to find out background about the Independence of India and the Partition of 1947. Daily Herald Newspaper. “Map of Possible Partition.” The National Archives, The National Archives, 11 Mar. 2014,www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/the-road-to-pa rtition/map-possible-partition/. This primary source of the Partition of 1947 is a map detailing the proposed plan of splitting India and Pakistan in two. This map helped us analyze how the plan of the partition evolved from idea all the way to reality. This map also showed us the struggles of trying to split the nation. Government of India. “Movement of Refugees.” The National Archives, The National Archives, 1 Sept. 2014,www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/the-road-to-partition/mov
Biddala, Islam, Pan 3
ement-refugees/. This primary source is a document retells the accounts of the movement of refugees from Pakistan and India and the horrors the refugees had to face to get to their destination. The many documents about abduction and kidnappings paints a very clear picture of the tragedy caused due to the confusion and messiness of the split. The source was used to learn about the violence that took place along the trails of the partition along the Indo-Pakistani border. Indian Commander and Chief. “Civil Disobedience.” The National Archives, The National Archives, 16 May 2014,www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/the-road-to-pa rtition/civil-disobedience/. This primary source is a documentation on various acts of civil disobedience that occured within the partitioning Indian Nation. The document outlines the various tragedies the country had to undertake in order to achieve the triumph of it’s separation from the British commonwealth and helps us understand how much India wished to seperate. We used this source in order to see how to violence took place from a first hand account and to see how the people of both nations were in conflict with each other. Indian High Commissioner. “India-Pakistan Relations.” The National Archives, The National Archives, 16 May 2014,www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/the-r oad-to-partition/india-pakistan-relations/. This primary source is a manuscript written in 1947 by the High Commissioner of India. The document reflects on how the situation inside of the conflicted nations of India and Pakistan after their split including the muddled up affairs of the politicians inside both of the conflicting countries and the tragedy that the split has caused with Muslim and Hindu business, community, and migration. This source was used to see how leaders in the Indian and Pakistani communities viewed each other throughout the whole event and after the partition occured. Jayagopalan, Gaana. "Orality and the archive: teaching the partition of India through oral
Biddala, Islam, Pan 4
histories." Radical Teacher, Summer 2016, p. 44+. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A462327964/GPS?u=carmelhs&sid=GPS&xid=fbf2b f8f. Accessed 5 Nov. 2018. This primary source shows how the partition was remembered orally by those who witnessed it firsthand. This portrays how the partition was seen not by the governments but by the people who were affected by the violence caused by the separation of India and Pakistan. Relations Office, Commonwealth. “Attlee on Partition Violence.” The National Archives, The National Archives, 16 May 2014,www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/th e-road-to-partition/attlee-partition-violence/. This primary source is a transcript of a message towards the Pakistani government written by the Indian government in order to communicate and develop a stable relationship together. It helped us understand the difficulty during the split but also showed the triumph of the two nations being split and still acknowledging that could cooperate in the future as two powerful allied nations. Secondary Sources Bose, Sumantra. "Decolonization and state building in South Asia." Journal of International Affairs, vol. 58, no. 1, 2004, p. 95+. Military and Intelligence Database Collection, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A126654864/GPS?u=carmelhs&sid=GPS&xid=e0ccf f8f. Accessed 5 Nov. 2018 This secondary source shows how the making of India and Pakistan fits into the period of state-building in South Asia. This gives us a political perspective of India’s state-building and the religious influences around the creation of Pakistan, as well as well as the similarities and differences within the two countries and their leaders. We used this source to see the division and separation of Indian and Pakistani culture. Cohen, Stephen P. The Idea of Pakistan. Brookings Institution, 2006. Accessed 6 Nov. 2018.
Biddala, Islam, Pan 5
We had a new perspective on the topic after reading this book through the way the author described the process in which the leaders in the Indian Islamic community came to the decision of creating Pakistan. This second-hand source helped immensely with understanding the steps of the partition that were driven by the Muslim League. We used this source when we were creating a timeline in which the events of the Partition of 1947 occurred in, including the events leading up to it and the aftermath. Frykenberg, Robert Eric. "Aftermath of calamity: the partition of India revisited: a review article." Fides et Historia, vol. 42, no. 1, 2010, p. 57+. World History in Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A463399446/GPS?u=carmelhs&sid=GPS&xid=8557 c787. Accessed 5 Nov. 2018. This article which is a secondary source shows the aftermath of the partition and how it affected India and Pakistan in the past and how it stills affects the two nations today. This article truly portrays the impact of the partition and its overall impact on the Indian subcontinent. The source was used to help understand the overall effect of the partition and how it still has a major impact on the region and the world as a whole. "India Partitioned, August 15, 1947." Historic World Events, Gale, 2012. World History in Context, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/BT2359070419/WHIC?u=carmelhs& sid=WHIC&xid=7c053e84. Accessed 6 Nov. 2018. Accessed 6 Nov. 2018. This document was important to our topic because it helped us learn the order in which the events occurred during the Partition of 1947. Throughout the article found on the Gale Database, we see many of the key figures that helped shape this time period of history. We also used the article to use as a summary for what took place in total after all the events occurred to gain context making this a very informational secondary source. “Modern History Sourcebook: Declaration of Pakistan and India on Jammu and Kashmir, 1966.” Internet History Sourcebooks, Fordham University, July 1998,sourcebooks.fordham.edu/ mod/1966kashmir1.asp. Accessed 6 Nov. 2018. We used this source to help further our knowledge of the conflicts over territories between India and Pakistan after the events of the partition occurred. It helped us understand how the two countries declared peace after the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. It
Biddala, Islam, Pan 6
gave us a good insight on the many ways India and Pakistan tried to solve their disagreement over land and how both parties viewed the conflict. "Partition of India." Encyclopedia of Asian History, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1988. World History in Context,http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/BT2358201403/WHIC?u=carmelh s&sid=WHIC&xid=a6566187. Accessed 6 Nov. 2018.
This article from the Gale Database helped us understand our topic better because it contained events that happened prior to the Partition of 1947. This second-hand source provided us with people and societal changes that influence the Indian government to separate from Pakistan. We mainly used this source to gather information to see why the Pakistani people chose to not identify themselves as Indians. We also used this source to find key leaders and figures who helped cause the partition. "Ripples of Psycho-social Violence in the Aftermath of 1947 Partition." The Dialogue, vol. 7, 4, 2012. Military and Intelligence Database Collection, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/do c/A311675508/GPS?u=carmelhs&sid=GPS&xid=bccb416d. Accessed 5 Nov. 2018. This secondary source from the Gale Database portrays the struggle that was caused the split between the Muslims and Hindus during the Partition. Various strifes are recorded and described relating to tragedy such as a first-hand account of politics, women’s rights, and displacement. We used this source to learn more about the violence that took place to gain independence rather than the peaceful protests that everyone knows about. Unni, Upasana. "Militant complex: demarginalizing Indian Muslims." Harvard International Review, vol. 30, no. 2, 2008, p. 10+. Military and Intelligence Database Collection, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A184710758/GPS?u=carmelhs&sid=GPS&xid=64af2 ec1. Accessed 5 Nov. 2018. This secondary source portrays how the Indian military attacked and brutalized Muslims who were moving across the border. The article was found on the Gale Database and it portrays the struggle that the mass migrations of people caused for Muslims who were moving from India to Pakistan. We used this source to learn more about how the
Biddala, Islam, Pan 7
after-effects of the partition and how it affected the common people of both nations rather than how it affected the large political leaders. US Secretary of State. “Risks of Partition.” The National Archives, The National Archives, 21 May 2014,www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/the-road-to-pa rtition/risks-partition/. This secondary source is a commentary on the partition of India. It helps us understand what other nations views of the partition and helps give us a wider scope of the issue overall. This source portrays a wider understanding of this situation. The secondary source shows how the outside world including the United States were concerned that the partition of India would cause violence
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