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“Use of Technology in National Security”
DRDO-- Defense Research and Development Organization •
DRDO was formed in 1958.
•
It has grown multidirectionally over the years.
•
Engaged in developing defense technologies.
•
Undertakes several major projects for the development of arms and ammunition.
DRDO LOGO
DRDO HEAD QUARTERS - NEW DELH
Armored Fighting Vehicle [AFV]
An armored fighting vehicle (AFV) is a military vehicle, protected by Armour and armed with weapons. AFV's can be wheeled or tracked, depending on terrain and service conditions.
Research and Development
Increased detection capability such as thermal imagery, automated fire control systems Increased muzzle energy from the gun to improve range, accuracy and armor penetration. The most mature future gun technology is the electrothermalchemical gun. An electrothermal-chemical gun uses a plasma cartridge to ignite and control the ammunition's propellant, using electrical energy as a catalyst to begin the process.
Arjuna MBT
DRDO's indigenous battle tank. The futuristic technology systems include:
automatic target tracking.
defensive aids.
Laser warning.
They are looking at developing robotic vehicles that would work Always on tele-link.
Military Armor
With so many soldiers killed or injured by roadside bombs and IEDs over the past half-decade, intensive research has been devoted to improving the body armor worn by troops sent into harm’s way. Nanoparticle armor to protect not only soldiers, but the vehicles they ride in. By infusing nanoparticles into ceramic materials used in military armor, both porosity and structural strength are increased. It is hoped that the improved armor is perfected and introduced as soon as possible.
Bionic Hornet
Israeli Defense Forces are drawing on the latest breakthroughs in nanotechnology to update their weapons. One notable application is known colloquially as the Bionic Hornet. No bigger than an average wasp, the flying device is designed to seek out, follow, photograph and even kill selected opponents. According to Israel’s Deputy Prime Minister Shimon Peres, “It’s illogical to send a plane worth $100 million against a suicidal terrorist.”
Artificial DNA
DNA is the very stuff of life itself, so when reports surfaced of artificial DNA, a few people pushed the panic button. Not to worry, the purpose of the project was not to play God, but to play with data - store data, actually. Biological DNA stores the entire genome of any particular plant, animal or person very efficiently in a surprisingly small space. Artificial DNA, on the other hand, could not only be used to store non-biological data but would be immune to the degrading effects of the naturally occurring DNase enzyme. The impact on any device that stores data will be tremendous.
Nuclear submarines
A nuclear submarine is a submarine powered by a nuclear reactor. The performance advantages of nuclear submarines over "conventional" (typically diesel-electric) submarines are considerable: nuclear propulsion, being completely independent of air, frees the submarine from the need to surface frequently, as is necessary for conventional submarines. The large amount of power generated by a nuclear reactor allows nuclear submarines to operate at high speed for long durations.
Armament
Nuclear submarines carry a wide range of armaments.
Cruise Missiles [ Agni-II ]
Ballistic Missiles [ Prithvi ]
Torpedoes [ Mark 48 torpedo ]
Serve to intimidate opposition and deliver large fire-power nearly anywhere in the world.
INS Arihant
The Hovercraft
A hovercraft (air-cushion vehicle, ACV) is a craft capable of traveling over relatively smooth surfaces supported by a cushion of slow moving, highpressure air, ejected against the surface below, and contained within a "skirt." Although supported by the air, they are not usually considered to be aircraft.
Advantages of the Hovercraft
Hovercraft are used throughout the world as specialized transports. Because they are supported by a cushion of air, hovercraft are unique among forms of ground transportation in their ability to travel equally well over land, ice, and water.
Application of the Hovercraft
Small hovercraft are used for sport, or passenger service, while giant hovercraft have civilian and military applications, and are used to transport cars, tanks, and large equipment in hostile environments and terrain.
Navy of the Future
The Zumwalt-class destroyer (DDG-1000) is a planned class of United States Navy destroyers, designed as multimission ships with a focus on land attack. Provide land attack support for ground forces as well as perform antiair, antisurface and undersea warfare.
Armament
Dual Band Radar
Peripheral Launch System
Accurate tracking and targeting
Intelligent weaponry, controlled by computers.
Weaponry under development
High-powered microwaves utilizing radio frequency energy Electromagnetic rail guns utilizing electricity and magnetic fields
Border Security
The nation security mainly involves in the following areas: Land Border Security Waterfront Security Aerial security Technology has revolutionized each of these fronts, creating secure and safer international borders.
Land Border Security
The most commonly used instrument for land border security is visual sensor network. It is a network of smart camera devices capable of processing images of a scene from a variety of viewpoints into some form more useful than the individual images. The network generally consists of the cameras themselves and possibly one or more central computers, where image data from multiple cameras is further processed. Visual sensor networks are most useful in applications involving area surveillance, tracking, and environmental monitoring.
Aerial security
Missile Defense Program is an initiative to develop and deploy a multi-layered missile defense system to protect nation from missile attacks. It is a two tiered system consisting of:
Interceptor missiles for high altitude interception [Eg. Prithvi Air Defense] Short range missile for lower altitude interception. [Advanced Air Defence Missile]
Such two-tiered shields are able to intercept any incoming missile launched 5,000 kilometers away.
Naval Security
Underwater sensor networks form the basic shield. A towed underwater sensor device comprises of:
A towed cable. A fiber optic cable placed within and running the length of said towed cable. Electric circuitry and network device.
When a disturbance is reported on the sensor cable, the network alerts a computer in the Command center which then can use data from other sensors to gauge the type of threat and effective response.
Introduction : • Established on 8 October 1932 • First ac flight came into being on 01 Apr 1933 • Remarkable services during World War 2 • Widely famous as Royal Indian Air Force
• नभ स र द पम • Nabha Sparsham Deeptam • Major Operations : 1. Operation Vijay, 2. Operation Meghdoot 3. Operation Cactus and 4. China War •3rd most powerful service after US army and Air Force of China
Operation Vijay
Battle of Goa 451 years of Portuguese colonial rule in Goa 36 Hours of constant Bomb-Attack was the key point in this operation Operation Manager Wing Commander N.B. Menon Canberra TT18 as a 'Primary element' by IFA
Heroics of Canberra TT18 • High altitude range •
Can drop 63,000 pounds of explosives within minutes, rendering the runway unusable.
• Designed to fly fast and high enough to avoid air-to-air combat entirely •
Highly adaptable, serving in such varied roles for tactical bombing, photographic, electronic, and meteorological reconnaissance
• Operation Meghdoot • World's highest battlefield • Indian Army and Pakistani Army actively deployed in altitudes up to 21,000 feet • The Siachen Glacier is located in the eastern Karakoram range in the Himalaya Mountains just east of the Line of Control between India-Pakistan • Mi-8 was highly used during this battle
Mi-8 : • Medium twin-turbine transport helicopter that can also act as a gunship. • World's most-produced helicopter Engine power
2 x 1 500 hp.
Cruise speed
225 km/h
Flight range (with normal load) Flight range (with additional fuel tanks)
465 km 950 km
• Operation Cactus : • • •
Battle against People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam (PLOTE) Indian forces were invited by the Maldivian government to intervene operation gave fame to a new model Ilyushin Il-76
• Ilyushin Il-76 • • • •
• Ilyushin Il-76 in the top picture and the Maldives area where it was used extensively for millitary actions
A 4-engined strategic airlifter designed in the Soviet Union Originally built for the military Now used for the delivery of outsized or very heavy cargo carry a payload of 40 tons (88,000 lb) over a range of 5,000 km (2,700 nmi; 3,100 mi)
Reliable Air Force Command and structure: •
Five operational and two functional commands headed by the rank of Air Marshal
•
Primary flight training is located at the Air Force Academy in Hyderabad – Key Academy
•
The current Chief of the Air Staff is Air Chief Marshal P.V.Naik
•
IAF operates over sixty air bases
•
Superb support of 47 Wings and 19 FBSUs
•
Strength of 170,000 personnel
•
Nearly 60 U.S built Helicopters and over 500 French, Indian and Soviet built types
•
Latest Crown – Cheetah Helicopter - max cruise speed of 121 km/hr can climb to 1 km in 4 minutes
NLOS Combat
Technology today has made it possible to eliminate OP FOR without even seeing them. NLOS weapons are making their presence felt in all theaters of combat. The Navy extensively uses SONAR based platforms for navigation and offense. The ARMY has a myriad of Surface to Air and Surface to Surface armaments.
NLOS-C Canon
BrahMOS missiles
But the effectiveness of NLOS weapons is most evident in air combat.
Smart Missiles and Bombs
In the early days of aerial combat, the two pilots would pit their machines into long and turning 'dogfights' Today a pilot can engage and eliminate OPFOR even before he can see him. This is called BVR combat. The major types of 'Smart Missiles':
Infra-Red: AIM-8 Sidewinder [Vietnam]
Radar: AGM-88 HARM [Gulf]
Laser: Armement Air-Sol Modulaire (AASM) [NATO peacekeeping]
The main types of guidance system used in 'Smart bombs' are:
GPS: Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) [Afghanistan] Parameter Sensing: GB-28 "Bunker-buster" [Iraq]
Reconnaissance
One of the most important roles of the air-force is intelligence gathering and RECON. Technology has made great advancements in RECON and INTEL gathering. Specialized Recon planes with inboard super computers can rapidly scan the battlefield and send the gathered information to a central information network. E-3 Sentry airborne warning and control system (AWACS) RQ-4 Global Hawk UAV
Airframe
Modern combat planes integrate a wide array of technologies. Autonomously
Detect Threats
Target
Eliminate
Only need human confirmation.
Fifth Generation Fighters
Medium Combat Aircraft Sukhoi/HAL FGFA MiG 35 LMFS Sukhoi Su-47 'Firkin' Lockheed Martin X-35
F-35 Lightning Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
Cockpit: The F-35 features a full-panel-width "panoramic cockpit display" (PCD), and a cockpit speech-recognition system. Sensors:
AN/APG-81 AESA-radar Electro-Optical Targeting System (EOTS) Infra-Red distributed aperture system (DAS) Multifunction Advanced Data Link (MADL).
Fly by Wire: "Maneuvering is irrelevant"
Radio frequency and infrared situational awareness (SAIRST) to track all nearby aircraft continually The pilot's helmet-mounted display system (HMDS) to display and select targets and High Off-Boresight (HOBS) weapons to eliminate them.
“I come bearing an olive branch in one hand, and the freedom fighter's gun in the other. Do not let the olive branch fall from my hand.” Yasser Arafat
DRDO-- Defense Research and Development Organization •
DRDO was formed in 1958.
•
It has grown multidirectionally over the years.
•
Engaged in developing defense technologies.
•
Undertakes several major projects for the development of arms and ammunition.
DRDO LOGO
DRDO HEAD QUARTERS - NEW DELH
Armored Fighting Vehicle [AFV]
An armored fighting vehicle (AFV) is a military vehicle, protected by Armour and armed with weapons. AFV's can be wheeled or tracked, depending on terrain and service conditions.
Research and Development
Increased detection capability such as thermal imagery, automated fire control systems Increased muzzle energy from the gun to improve range, accuracy and armor penetration. The most mature future gun technology is the electrothermalchemical gun. An electrothermal-chemical gun uses a plasma cartridge to ignite and control the ammunition's propellant, using electrical energy as a catalyst to begin the process.
Arjuna MBT
DRDO's indigenous battle tank. The futuristic technology systems include:
automatic target tracking.
defensive aids.
Laser warning.
They are looking at developing robotic vehicles that would work Always on tele-link.
Military Armor
With so many soldiers killed or injured by roadside bombs and IEDs over the past half-decade, intensive research has been devoted to improving the body armor worn by troops sent into harm’s way. Nanoparticle armor to protect not only soldiers, but the vehicles they ride in. By infusing nanoparticles into ceramic materials used in military armor, both porosity and structural strength are increased. It is hoped that the improved armor is perfected and introduced as soon as possible.
Bionic Hornet
Israeli Defense Forces are drawing on the latest breakthroughs in nanotechnology to update their weapons. One notable application is known colloquially as the Bionic Hornet. No bigger than an average wasp, the flying device is designed to seek out, follow, photograph and even kill selected opponents. According to Israel’s Deputy Prime Minister Shimon Peres, “It’s illogical to send a plane worth $100 million against a suicidal terrorist.”
Artificial DNA
DNA is the very stuff of life itself, so when reports surfaced of artificial DNA, a few people pushed the panic button. Not to worry, the purpose of the project was not to play God, but to play with data - store data, actually. Biological DNA stores the entire genome of any particular plant, animal or person very efficiently in a surprisingly small space. Artificial DNA, on the other hand, could not only be used to store non-biological data but would be immune to the degrading effects of the naturally occurring DNase enzyme. The impact on any device that stores data will be tremendous.
Nuclear submarines
A nuclear submarine is a submarine powered by a nuclear reactor. The performance advantages of nuclear submarines over "conventional" (typically diesel-electric) submarines are considerable: nuclear propulsion, being completely independent of air, frees the submarine from the need to surface frequently, as is necessary for conventional submarines. The large amount of power generated by a nuclear reactor allows nuclear submarines to operate at high speed for long durations.
Armament
Nuclear submarines carry a wide range of armaments.
Cruise Missiles [ Agni-II ]
Ballistic Missiles [ Prithvi ]
Torpedoes [ Mark 48 torpedo ]
Serve to intimidate opposition and deliver large fire-power nearly anywhere in the world.
INS Arihant
The Hovercraft
A hovercraft (air-cushion vehicle, ACV) is a craft capable of traveling over relatively smooth surfaces supported by a cushion of slow moving, highpressure air, ejected against the surface below, and contained within a "skirt." Although supported by the air, they are not usually considered to be aircraft.
Advantages of the Hovercraft
Hovercraft are used throughout the world as specialized transports. Because they are supported by a cushion of air, hovercraft are unique among forms of ground transportation in their ability to travel equally well over land, ice, and water.
Application of the Hovercraft
Small hovercraft are used for sport, or passenger service, while giant hovercraft have civilian and military applications, and are used to transport cars, tanks, and large equipment in hostile environments and terrain.
Navy of the Future
The Zumwalt-class destroyer (DDG-1000) is a planned class of United States Navy destroyers, designed as multimission ships with a focus on land attack. Provide land attack support for ground forces as well as perform antiair, antisurface and undersea warfare.
Armament
Dual Band Radar
Peripheral Launch System
Accurate tracking and targeting
Intelligent weaponry, controlled by computers.
Weaponry under development
High-powered microwaves utilizing radio frequency energy Electromagnetic rail guns utilizing electricity and magnetic fields
Border Security
The nation security mainly involves in the following areas: Land Border Security Waterfront Security Aerial security Technology has revolutionized each of these fronts, creating secure and safer international borders.
Land Border Security
The most commonly used instrument for land border security is visual sensor network. It is a network of smart camera devices capable of processing images of a scene from a variety of viewpoints into some form more useful than the individual images. The network generally consists of the cameras themselves and possibly one or more central computers, where image data from multiple cameras is further processed. Visual sensor networks are most useful in applications involving area surveillance, tracking, and environmental monitoring.
Aerial security
Missile Defense Program is an initiative to develop and deploy a multi-layered missile defense system to protect nation from missile attacks. It is a two tiered system consisting of:
Interceptor missiles for high altitude interception [Eg. Prithvi Air Defense] Short range missile for lower altitude interception. [Advanced Air Defence Missile]
Such two-tiered shields are able to intercept any incoming missile launched 5,000 kilometers away.
Naval Security
Underwater sensor networks form the basic shield. A towed underwater sensor device comprises of:
A towed cable. A fiber optic cable placed within and running the length of said towed cable. Electric circuitry and network device.
When a disturbance is reported on the sensor cable, the network alerts a computer in the Command center which then can use data from other sensors to gauge the type of threat and effective response.
Introduction : • Established on 8 October 1932 • First ac flight came into being on 01 Apr 1933 • Remarkable services during World War 2 • Widely famous as Royal Indian Air Force
• नभ स र द पम • Nabha Sparsham Deeptam • Major Operations : 1. Operation Vijay, 2. Operation Meghdoot 3. Operation Cactus and 4. China War •3rd most powerful service after US army and Air Force of China
Operation Vijay
Battle of Goa 451 years of Portuguese colonial rule in Goa 36 Hours of constant Bomb-Attack was the key point in this operation Operation Manager Wing Commander N.B. Menon Canberra TT18 as a 'Primary element' by IFA
Heroics of Canberra TT18 • High altitude range •
Can drop 63,000 pounds of explosives within minutes, rendering the runway unusable.
• Designed to fly fast and high enough to avoid air-to-air combat entirely •
Highly adaptable, serving in such varied roles for tactical bombing, photographic, electronic, and meteorological reconnaissance
• Operation Meghdoot • World's highest battlefield • Indian Army and Pakistani Army actively deployed in altitudes up to 21,000 feet • The Siachen Glacier is located in the eastern Karakoram range in the Himalaya Mountains just east of the Line of Control between India-Pakistan • Mi-8 was highly used during this battle
Mi-8 : • Medium twin-turbine transport helicopter that can also act as a gunship. • World's most-produced helicopter Engine power
2 x 1 500 hp.
Cruise speed
225 km/h
Flight range (with normal load) Flight range (with additional fuel tanks)
465 km 950 km
• Operation Cactus : • • •
Battle against People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam (PLOTE) Indian forces were invited by the Maldivian government to intervene operation gave fame to a new model Ilyushin Il-76
• Ilyushin Il-76 • • • •
• Ilyushin Il-76 in the top picture and the Maldives area where it was used extensively for millitary actions
A 4-engined strategic airlifter designed in the Soviet Union Originally built for the military Now used for the delivery of outsized or very heavy cargo carry a payload of 40 tons (88,000 lb) over a range of 5,000 km (2,700 nmi; 3,100 mi)
Reliable Air Force Command and structure: •
Five operational and two functional commands headed by the rank of Air Marshal
•
Primary flight training is located at the Air Force Academy in Hyderabad – Key Academy
•
The current Chief of the Air Staff is Air Chief Marshal P.V.Naik
•
IAF operates over sixty air bases
•
Superb support of 47 Wings and 19 FBSUs
•
Strength of 170,000 personnel
•
Nearly 60 U.S built Helicopters and over 500 French, Indian and Soviet built types
•
Latest Crown – Cheetah Helicopter - max cruise speed of 121 km/hr can climb to 1 km in 4 minutes
NLOS Combat
Technology today has made it possible to eliminate OP FOR without even seeing them. NLOS weapons are making their presence felt in all theaters of combat. The Navy extensively uses SONAR based platforms for navigation and offense. The ARMY has a myriad of Surface to Air and Surface to Surface armaments.
NLOS-C Canon
BrahMOS missiles
But the effectiveness of NLOS weapons is most evident in air combat.
Smart Missiles and Bombs
In the early days of aerial combat, the two pilots would pit their machines into long and turning 'dogfights' Today a pilot can engage and eliminate OPFOR even before he can see him. This is called BVR combat. The major types of 'Smart Missiles':
Infra-Red: AIM-8 Sidewinder [Vietnam]
Radar: AGM-88 HARM [Gulf]
Laser: Armement Air-Sol Modulaire (AASM) [NATO peacekeeping]
The main types of guidance system used in 'Smart bombs' are:
GPS: Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) [Afghanistan] Parameter Sensing: GB-28 "Bunker-buster" [Iraq]
Reconnaissance
One of the most important roles of the air-force is intelligence gathering and RECON. Technology has made great advancements in RECON and INTEL gathering. Specialized Recon planes with inboard super computers can rapidly scan the battlefield and send the gathered information to a central information network. E-3 Sentry airborne warning and control system (AWACS) RQ-4 Global Hawk UAV
Airframe
Modern combat planes integrate a wide array of technologies. Autonomously
Detect Threats
Target
Eliminate
Only need human confirmation.
Fifth Generation Fighters
Medium Combat Aircraft Sukhoi/HAL FGFA MiG 35 LMFS Sukhoi Su-47 'Firkin' Lockheed Martin X-35
F-35 Lightning Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
Cockpit: The F-35 features a full-panel-width "panoramic cockpit display" (PCD), and a cockpit speech-recognition system. Sensors:
AN/APG-81 AESA-radar Electro-Optical Targeting System (EOTS) Infra-Red distributed aperture system (DAS) Multifunction Advanced Data Link (MADL).
Fly by Wire: "Maneuvering is irrelevant"
Radio frequency and infrared situational awareness (SAIRST) to track all nearby aircraft continually The pilot's helmet-mounted display system (HMDS) to display and select targets and High Off-Boresight (HOBS) weapons to eliminate them.
“I come bearing an olive branch in one hand, and the freedom fighter's gun in the other. Do not let the olive branch fall from my hand.” Yasser Arafat
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