Urban Areas By Origin 21-08

PLANNING HISTORY FRAMEWORK

THEORIES OF URBAN ORIGIN 1.

ENVIRONMENTAL THEORIES

2. TRADE THEORIES 3. MILITARY THEORIES 4. RELIGIOUS THEORIES 5.

TECHNOLOGICAL THEORIES

TYPOLOGIES OF URBAN AREAS BY ORIGIN • 1.   PRIMARY • • • •

Mesopotamia Indus Nile Andes

• 2.   SECONDARY • • •

S. E Asia Europe America

3.   TRANSPLANTED ( Imperial/ Colonial Extension) • •

Roman Towns Towns in Third World.

URBAN MORPHOLOGY • • •

ORGANIC PLANNED MIXED

URBAN MORPHOLOGY DETERMINANTS 1.ENVIRONMENTAL • Topography • Climate • Construction Materials 2. MAN MADE DETERMINANTS • Economy • Polity • Religion • Defense • Aesthetic • Planning/Legislation • Social, Religious , • Ethnic Groupings • Technology • Leisure

TECHNOLOGY a. Irrigation Technology b. Transport Technology -Wheel -Ship -Steam ship -Automobile -Locomotives c. Building Technology - Wall - Water supply - Sewerage d. Defense Technology -Gun Powder e. Communication Technology

PLANNING HISTORY FRAMEWORK •

ENVIRONMENT

•

TECHNOLOGY

•

SOCIAL STRUCTURE

•

POLITICAL ECONOMIC SYSTEM

•

IDEOLOGY

•

INSTITUTIONS

MERCANTILE

INDUSTRIAL POST-INDUSTRIAL

PRE MERCANTILE S C A L E

Few Small Scattered Environmentally Determined

T E Simple C Irrigation H Wheel N O L O G Y

Number Very High Increase Growth, Physical Medium And Population Less Dependent Size On Environment ButDiverse Impact Still Sustainable On Environment

High Urbanization And Stabilization Decentralization Small And Environmental Concerns Therefore Less Impact.

Fire Power Tpt. Tech., water

Information (Computer/Telecommuni cation) Clean Technology

Industrial Tech., Mfg. Tpt., Auto., Loco., Construct.

PRE MERCANTILE S O C I A L

    

MERCANTILE

INDUSTRIAL

POST INDUSTRIAL

Primitive Socialism Kings Religious Head Citizens Slaves

     

Feudal Lords Clergy Merchants Artisans Commoners ”Serfs”

     

Industrial Industrialist Traders Politicians Bureaucrats “Workers”

 

Palace Military

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Church Guild Fort/ Castles

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Industrial Association/ Guild State Parliamentary Democracy Trade Union





STRTIFI CATION  INSTITU 

TIONS

  

 



Post Industrial Service Professional +Other Industrial category. “Change In The Nature Of Workers ”

Decreasing Role Of State/Plural Civil Society Institutions Institutions Related To Finance And Information Market Institution/ Multinationals

POST-INDUSTRIAL M O R P  H O L O G Y 

PRE MERCANTILE

MERCANTILE INDUSTRIAL

/ Public Space/Market/”Agora”/ “Forum”/”Citadel” Grid Plan/ Unplanned Land Use Based On Social Rank. Multiple Use Of Land Social Segregation, Rich/ Poor, Ethnic, Occupation, Kinship Rich In The center Poor Periphery

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   



 Enclosed/ Wall ( Changing  function of the Wall)/Church  /Market Grid/ Star  Land Use Functional Land As  Private Property Church / Guild Hall /  Market Central Segregation  Occupation Based

Revivalism/   Baroque Factories/  Tenements/ Slums/Suburbs  / Sprawl Land Use  Functional Land And  Housing Commodities Poor In The Centre Rich Periphery Work Place Home Dislocation Change In Employer Employee Relationship

Stock Exchange Telecommunicatio nUrban Sprawl Less Land Use Environmentally Determined Revitalization /Conservation Suburbs Important.

PRE MERANTILE EC Rural- Land Based ONLess Diversified O Multifunctional M Local Y

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P L  A N N I  N G

MERCANTILE Diversification “ Trade” Home based Activities Multifunctional Regional

 Few Planned Urban , Roman Some Imp. Function Planned Hippodamus: Building  Bye Laws, “”. Plan Reflection Of Power: King, Religion  etc 

INDUSTRIAL POST INDUSTRIAL Diversification High Specialization Industry, Trade National

Early Period Chaotic  Later Period Super Imposition Of  Planned On Unplanned Rich Oriented Less Concerned With Poor  Plan Reflection Of Power: Lords/ Church/ Traders Later Period: Revivalism 

Physical Planning Oriented Imp. Role Of The State Top Down Rational Planning : Physical Institutional Utopia, New Town Regional Planning

Diversification Specialization Tertiary Sector. Production Organ. Change Global.

     

Urban Management: Concern More For People And Environment Enhanced Role Of The Market/ People/ Plural Planners And The State Facilitators Planning Not The End But A Process Transnational Planning System