Unit 2 Study Guide

Name _____________________________________ Date _____________ Unit 2 Study Guide: The Chemistry of Life 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 1. What are the three parts of the cell theory? 2. What is matter? 3. What is an atom? 4. What is an element? 5. What are the ten elements that are found in 97% of living organisms? 6. What is the location of: protons, neutrons, electrons? 7. What is a compound? 8. What is formed when an atom gains or loses electrons? 9. What is a covalent bond? 2.2 Properties of Water 10. What is osmosis? 11. What is the difference between polar and nonpolar? 12. What are hydrogen bonds? 13. What are three important properties of water? 14. What is a solution? 15. What is a solvent? 16. What is a solute? 17. What is an acid? What are the characteristics of acids? 18. What is a base? What are the characteristics of bases? 19. What is a neutral solution? 20. If you add an acid to a neutral solution what will you get? 21. How many times more hydrogen ions are in pH 3 than pH 4? 22. How many times less hydrogen ions are in pH 7 than pH 5?

Carbon-Based Molecules 23. What is significant about how carbon bonds? 24. What are the three general types of carbon structures? 25. What are monomers? 26. What are polymers? 27. What are the four main types of cabon-based molecules? 28. What property makes carbon the perfect building block for life? 29. What elements make up carbohydrates? 30. What are some examples of carbohydrates? 31. What are the functions of carbohydrates? 32. What are lipids? 33. What is the monomer (subunit) of fats and oils? 34. What are the functions of lipids? 35. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? 36. Describe the structure of phospholipids. 37. What are proteins? 38. What is the monomer (subunit) that makes up proteins? 39. What are the functions of proteins? 40. How many different amino acids are there? What is the name of the bonds that connect them? 41. What are nucleic acids? 42. What is the monomer (subunit) of nucleic acids? 43. What makes up a nucleotide? 44. What are some examples of nucleic acids? 45. What is the function of nucleic acids? 46. Where do most of the cell’s chemical reactions occur?

Chemical Reactions 47. Describe what happens during a chemical reaction. 48. What is the difference between reactants and products? 49. What is the difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions? Enzymes 50. What is a catalyst? 51. How does a catalyst speed up a chemical reaction? 52. What are enzymes? 53. How is homeostasis related to enzyme function? 54. What are substrates?