Unit 10 Task 4 4

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.0Assignment 1 Unit 4

P1 Switch: a switch is a network device used to allow multiple devices to connect to a network, turning one port into many

(Linus media group, 2017)

Bridge: A device that links devices together by having inbound and outbound Ethernet ports (Linus media group, 2017)

Router: used to create a local network, gives local devices a IP addresses, ensures that all users receive the right packets rather than other users (Linus media group, 2017)

7 Wireless access point: allows users to connect to a local network without an Ethernet wire (Linus media group, 2017)

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NIC (Network interface card): an expansion card used by a computer to give access to the internet, usually using an Ethernet port

Server: a server is a computer that is designed to be used for a specific use case, such as storage, networking and surveillance

Workstation : a workstation is computer dedicated for an individual use, such as video editing, that is more powerful than a conventional computer (Rouse, 2005)

Assignment 1 P1 + M1

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Bluetooth; a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances using UHF radio waves, it has very short range, typically 10m. It's used for communication between battery powered devices, as it can be power efficient, popular uses for Bluetooth is communication between phones, connecting wireless headphones, and transferring files IrDA, a group of manufacturers that created a standard for IR transition, it is used solely for short range transition.

P2 DTE. A device that controls the data between computers, this term is used most often with serial communications. The standard defines each end of the communication as DTE or DCE, the DCE usually being a modem. It’s important for data to be transferred using a serial connection (Anon., n.d.) DCE. An industry wide software technology for setting up and managing computing and data exchange in a network. DCE is usually used in larger networks of systems, with different size servers scattered geographically. This allows users to run applications on remote locations (Rouse, n.d.). (TechQuickie, 2018)

3G: The third generation provides basic functions like text messages, sending and receiving phone calls with an information transfer rate off 200 kbits/s, later versions of 3G often denoted as 3.5G and 3.75G. 4G: The fourth generation of mobile phone communication that provides an internet connection like 3G but is also allows the use of a mobile web, HD mobile TV, gaming services and cloud computing. 5G: Is the next generation for mobile networks that will allow for a much faster internet connection, it provides everything that 4G can do but will allow for less latency and shorter upload/download times. (Wikipedia, 2018) 

Laptops have moved from being something that is very heavy and cannot do very much to having thin and light’s that are very powerful.

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Most laptops now have a very big battery life and are able to run for at least 8 hours between charges. Most laptops will have desktop CPU’s and on board GPU’s but recently with the laptops that have Thunderbolt on, they can use an external GPU case to use desktop GPU’s too. New laptops are being created every year, this allows for better technology to be added. GPRS – General Packet Radio Service is a packet-oriented data standard that works on 2G and 3G. this is the service typically used when using 2 or 3G to deliver mobile data (Wikipedia, 2018)

P4 Packet – a packet is like a courier for data on the internet, data, such as a email, is broken down into many packets which are then sent through the routers and switches that make up the internet until it reaches its destination. It is then received and reassembled, like a puzzle, in some way using packets is like moving a large puzzle piece by piece. It is found on the network layer of the OSI model. Frame – a frame is a data transition unit, in packet switching networks a frame is a simple container for a packet, it is used on the data link layer of the OSI model and is the last layer of encapsulation before the data is sent to the physical layer. It creates a header and footer that tells the receiver when the packet starts and ends Encapsulation – the process of taking data from one protocol and transfering into another D1 - TCP/IP is a communication protocol that allows for connections of hosts to the internet. It contains 4 protocols: the internet layer; the application layer; the data link layer; and the transport layer. The link layer is the physical later used to connect devices, such as a PC and a switch. The internet layer connects hosts go one another across networks, such as by connecting a LAN to a website, such as Google. The transport layer is used to start and stop all communication between hosts, it would be

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used to initiate your data connection to Netflix or another site, then terminate it when that tab is closed or you visit another webpage the application layer is used as the interface between the user and the network. OSI – The OSI model governs how data flows from one device to another on a network, and the different stages it goes through. It is constant of seven layers: the application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and physical layers Each layer is responsible for different applications of the protocol. The physical later is responsible for conversion into translatable signals, I.e. Electrical pulses, radio waves, or light. The data link layer is responsible for into and out of the physical layer, as well as determining how devices recover from collisions, and conducts error checking through checksums The transport layer is responsible for determining the path that data will flow though the network, and create a virtual image of the network which it uses to determine the fastest route for data to travel, it also adds MAC addresses to packets though frames. The transport layer is responsible for splitting data into packets then reconstructing packets received, this layer also checks received data using checksums to ensure data integrity. The session layer controls the connection between different devices, the session layer tracks dialogs between computers which are called sessions, this layer initiates, maintains, and ends sessions between local and remote applications. The presentation layer is mainly used to translate data between the application layer and the network format, thus it is used to translate all formats into a single format for efficient and effective communication. The application layer is the last layer, and is used only for interfacing with the user. The differences between the two protocols is that OSI has more individual layers, and is older than TCP, but TCP is considered more reliable as well as combined multiple layers.

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(Anon., 2019)

The TCP/IP model uses less layers than the OSI model

(Anon., 2019)