Ue 2001 Section C Ans

UE 2001 Section C 1. The writer considers that…… D. we should be surprised that the environment is not in worse condition. Source

Explanation

Line 1, 7-9 ‘The world’s environment is surprisingly healthy. Discuss.’…Yet the highest marks should be those who agreed with the statement. The surprise is how good things are, not how bad.

The writer proposes a mock examination question and students who offer a lot of evidence to show the environment is healthy will get high marks.

2.

Skills Tested Tone/Infere nce

According to paragraph 2, the environmental problems faced by poor countries……

C. can theoretically be overcome. Source

Explanation

Lines 20-21,

‘Theoretically’ means hypothetically or in principle.

That is why today’s environmental problems ‘Solvable’ means can be in poor countries ought, overcome. in principle, to be 　 solvable.

3.

Skills Tested Reading for specific information

According to paragraph 3, raw materials generally show no sign of running out because……

B. we keep on finding alternatives.

Source Lines 24-28,

Explanation

Skills Tested ‘Sought new sources of Reading for supply, and found ways to use specific less of the materials, or looked information for a substitute’ are alternatives that people find to solve the problem of running out of materials.

Each time a material seems to have been running short, the price has risen and, in response, people have 　 sought new sources of supply, found ways to use less of the materials, or looked for a substitute.

4. In the writer ‘s view , the primary reasons people change their behavior in regard to potential shortages of raw materials is …… D. increases in commodity prices Sources

Explanation

(Line 24) Each time a People change behavior material seems to have responding to price rises. been running short , the price has risen and , in response , people have sought new sources of supply , found ways to use less of the materials, or looked for a substitute .

Skills tested Reading for specific information

5.’The same’ (line 29) refers to……. A. real prices falling over time.

Sources

Explanation

Skills tested

(Lines 28-30) ‘Thus , prices for energy and minerals have fallen in real terms during the century .The same is true for food.’

‘The same’ refers the Reference falling trend of real price which is true for food because of the improvement of farming technology.

(Line 33) ‘But they always do ,assisted by new farming technology.’

6. Fish is used in paragraph 4 as an example of ……. : B. a resource no one takes responsibility for Sources (Lines 36-7) ‘If no one owns a resources ,no one has interest in conserving it .The case of fish is the best example of this ‘

Explanation

Skills tested

“No one own a Reading for specific resources” means no information one takes responsibility for it , then no one has the interest of conserving it.

7. A main argument in paragraph 4 is that the most difficult environmental problems are…… A. caused by conflicts between commercial and public interests.

Sources Lines 35 “Market cannot always keep the environment healthy. . Line 40 "Pollution, whether of air, ground or water, is a good example of conflicting corporate and social

Skills Tested Explanation “ Pollution, whether of air, Inference ground or water, is a good example of conflicting corporate and social interest” shows that the environmental problems are caused by conflicts between commercial and public interests.

interests.”

8. According to paragraph 5, what has led to improvements in the quality of the environment in some democratic countries? C. Voters and governments have agreed on the necessity for action. Sources Lines 47-49 “Once an issue has been identified, and voters and government have become convinced that something ought to be done, something has been done.”

Skills Tested Explanation This implies that voters Inference and government think that they should do something to improve the quality of the environment. They will tale action.

9.According to paragraph 5, in wealthy countries…… ? B. The state of the government as a whole has improved in recent years. Sources

Explanation

Skills Test ed Line 46, “Yet, These two sentences shows that the Reading the record in environment has improved in recent for specific rich countries years. Line 46, “Yet, the record in rich informatio this century has countries this century has been good.” n been good.” So, the state of the environment as a whole has improved in recent years is right. Line 58, “Governments have increasingly

insisted on waste water being treated before release.”

10. Pollution from petrol has worsened because petrol… A. Demand has grown so fast. Source (Line 48) Emissions of some pollutants have stayed high, as petrol consumption has grown faster than the effect of tighter controls.

Explanation The fast growth in petrol demand can be reflected by the faster petrol consumption than the effect of tighter controls.

Skills tested Reading for specific information

11.In paragraph 6, the writer suggests that strong economic growth… B. Allows countries to clean up their environment. Source (Line 60) In rich country, where great economic growth has occurred, the environment has become healthier.

Explanation With strong or great economic growth, a country can have a healthier environment. It means that the great economic growth can allow the counties to clean up their environment

12. According to paragraph 6, in poor counties…

Skills tested Reading for specific information

D. Pollution represents a growing danger. Source Explanation

Skills tested (Line 63) It is in poor A ‘growing danger’ refers Reading counties, where economic to ‘increasing hazard’. for specific growth has been slow, that informatio air and water pollution is an n increasing hazard to health.

13 According to the writer, which of the following is probably NOT an effective measure for reducing pollution? C. banning some cars some of the time Source

Explanation

Skills Tested Lines 71-75, “In 1989, when “many people reacted Reading for Mexico tried to deal with air by buying a second, a specific pollution by banning certain older (and more information types of cars on particular days polluting) car that of the week, many people could be used on those reacted by buying a second, days” indicates the older (and more polluting) car measure is NOT that could be used on those effective to reduce days. pollution.

14 Mexico is used by the writer in paragraph 7 as an example of a country D. which found it difficult to improve air quality.

Source Paragraph 7, lines 71-75, “when Mexico tried to deal with air pollution by banning certain types of cars on particular days

Explanation

Skills Tested It shows that people’s Inference behaviour goes against the government’s

of the week, many people reacted by buying a second, older (and more polluting) car that could be used on those days.

expectation, so the government found it difficult to improve air quality.

15 The phrase “ scourges of the environment” (lines 79-80) means… D. enemies of the environment

Source

Explanation

Lines 75-80, “ The quickest way for a government to improve the environment is by reducing certain subsidies, including those on water and energy as well as by eliminating tax benefits for polluting industries such as mining. Subsidies and tax breaks are scourges of the environment worldwide.

“Scourge” means “ cause of great harm or suffering”. Subsidies and tax breaks are harm to the environment and should be stopped to improve the environment.

Skills Tested Inference

16. In the opinion of the writer, which is the biggest problem faced by poorer countries in their struggle against pollution? A. They are rarely democratic. Source

Explanation

Skills Tested

Lines 92-95 ‘ The The supporting line states Inference improvement in rich that democracy foster the countries’ development of the first 　 environments has been tough anti-pollution laws. closely correlated with Democracy was blossoming the growth of in some rich countries. democracy in those Thus, the biggest problem countries. The first faced by poorer countries is tough anti-pollution the lack of democracy. laws were passed in the 1950s, when democracy was blossoming worldwide.‘

17.Japan is cited primarily as an example of a country ……

D. where democracy fostered anti-pollution laws.

Source Lines 96-99 ‘Japan, for example, was hit by a series of pollution disasters such as mercury poisoning in the late 1950s, which gave rise to citizens’ protest movements, and then, to new laws to control toxic effluents and air pollution. ‘

Explanation Skills Tested ‘ Citizens’ protest Reading for specific movement’ is an act information of democracy. The supporting line shows that new laws were passed due to the development of democracy.

18. What would be a suitable alternative title for this articles? B. Environmental realities: rich and poor Source

Explanation A. Even though the essay has

Skills tested Theme

mentioned about some dangers of pollution, in the later part of the essay, the discussing point is about 　 how to solve the pollution problem. So A is not correct. B. The passages are about the pollution problem of the rich and poorer countries. So B is correct. C. The essay not only mentions the pollution in poor countries, but also the rich countries. So C is wrong. D. The essay is not about how the pollution problem is deteriorating in this century. It is not the focus of this essay, so D is wrong.

　 UE 2001 Section C (19-35) Q 19

A A

Explanation Mammoths have been extinct for thousands of years which mean they were already died out. Besides, elephants are animals which are similar to mammoths. After “give birth to” we should use a noun phrase.. “A live baby mammoth” is a noun phrase. An article and an adjective should go before the head noun. It is an assumption that the mammoth had been preserved .

20

D

21

D

22 23

C C

Deleted ”Would be studied” indicated a guess of Dr. Larry.“the mammoth” is studied by human.

24

A

25

B

“Recently” indicates the time which was over. . It is a past tense in passive voice. The use of present participle “weighing” is used to modify the preceding noun, tusks.

Skill tested Context

Noun phrase

Possibility and the use of perfect infinitive Subjunctive mood

Passive voice Present participle

26

C

the answer A “finally” goes with the order answer B “one day” suggests “eventually” While the answer D “incredibly” means it cannot be believed C “subsequently” suggests “then, or as a next step. ” [Asian elephants are biologically more similar “to” mammoths “than” they are to African elephants.] A comparative adjective should be used. “Alternative” suggests that there are two or more ways to solve the problem. One is “inserting mammoth DNA into an elephant egg. Another one is to “extract some frozen sperm and pair it with an elephant egg.” Only “over many generations” suggests the meaning of offspring in many years later.

Context

27

B

28

D

29

A

30

C

“Under” is used to indicate that the mammoth is five metres below the permafrost. Superlative (the closest) is used. It is to show the near in space between Dr. Agenbroad and the mammouth “Having” is a present participle modifying the preceeding noun, mammoth.

Preposition (indicate position)

31

D

32

C

33

C

“Intact” means undamaged. It is to modify “skin, hair and flesh”

Context

34

A

Adverb clause of concession.

35

B

“Although” is needed to indicate the adverb clause of concession.. The first clause is negative and the main clause is positive. Future tense is need to indicate the possibility of the action.

Comparison

Context

Context

Comparison & context Present participle

Future tense

UE 2001 Section C 50-69 Q Ans 50 Foreign countries

51 regulate

Explanation Skill tested Paragraph 4, line 5, “Mr Clinton did not say Context what he would do about foreign online pharmacies…”. It suggests the location of the pharmacies. Paragraph 4, line 1, “President Clinton urged Context Congress to regulate the sale of drugs over the Internet”

52 Bigger problems

53 cybersmuggling

54 satisfied

55 Been arrested

56 Drug smugglers

57 Shutting down

58 raids

59 *offices 60 *warehouse *either order

Paragraph 4 line 1 “President Clinton urged Context Congress to regulate the sale of drugs over he Internet ,which may pose bigger problems because…” Paragraph 6 line “agencies interpreted many Context drug shipments from Vitality with the help of computer experts in the war on”cybersmugglng” Paragraph 2 line 1 “American officials say Inference they alerted Thai authorities to the problem and received excellent cooperation from Thai narcotics…” Para 3 line 3 “American officials plan to use the Thai operation as a model for cooperation with law-enforcement agencies….” These suggest the satisfaction of American officials about the Thai operation. Paragraph 1 line 12 “Six people were Change tenses arrested in the US for buying products from a Thai online pharmacy.” Paragraph 9 line 2 “ these are not major context smugglers, but they generally know that what they’re doing is illegal.” Paragraph 1 Line 1 “United States Change part of Government officials recently shut down speech foreign Web-sites involved in the fastgrowing business…” Para.2, line 5 “American and Thai officials Change part of say they raided officers and warehouses speech used……” (the verb raided is matches with the second version as a noun ) “They have carried out raids on a number of offices and warehouse.” Para. 2, line 5 “American and Thai officials Context say they raided officers and warehouses used by online pharmacies……” The words officers and warehouses can be used directly in the second version.

61 seized // took //

Para. 2 line 8 “ They seized 20 computers, Context 245parcels ready for shipment to the united confiscated // found States……” The word “seize” suit to the second version. 62 doses Context Para.2 line8 “They seize 20 computers, 245parcels ready for shipment to the united States and more than 2.5 million doses of

drug products.” The word “doses” suit the second version. 63 target

Para.7 line 1 “One of the main targets of the Context Thai raids was a Bangkok company called Vitality Health Products……” It states that and one of the main targets of the Thai raids was Vitality so the word “targets” suits the second version. As an article “A” is used in Agreement the second version, a singular word must be used.

64 to get // purchase // Para.7, line 1 “Customs officials say Vitality Context filled Internet orders with drugs which they obtain // source // obtained from what appeared to be a legitimate pharmacy in Bangkok.” Vitality buy // order take orders from the Internet. In version 2, “to” followed by appeared as a infinitive and “order” go with drugs. The answer should be “ to order”.

65 packaging

66 supervision // guidance // advice

67 quality control // assurance

Para. 8, line 9 “ This packaging is without a doubt intended to deceive the authorities. “Packaging” is designed to avoid detection by law-enforcement officials. It matches with the second version. Para 9. 10 “some of Vitality’s customers were taking dangerous combinations of drugs without a doctor’s supervision. The word “supervision” can be used directly in the second version as a noun. Para 9. line 4 “Mr. Kelly explained that the imported drugs were potentially dangerous because the controls over quality were minimal.

Inference

Context

Inference and

There, the combine noun, ”quality control” Part of speech should be used.

68 contaminated // tainted

Para. 9, line 8 “ The drugs may be laced with Inference all sorts of contamination.” Line 11” customers were taking dangerous combination of drugs without a doctor’s supervision.” This two sentences state, without the supervision of doctor, the drugs may be dangerous when the drugs are

contamination.

UE 2001 Section C 69-80 Q 69

A C

Explanations Skills tested “Nine entry position available” are “ open to Reference graduates” It means graduates can apply these nine positions 　

70

E

71

H

72

I

73

K

74

M

75

L

76

G

77

J

78

A

79

B

80

F

Apart from testing toys in Column A, “the Extension remainder work” in column B involves checking consumer products. Column B is an extension of Column A. Extension "Toys being recalled because of the results checked by labs like ACTS. Contrast “However” in column B shows a contrast between the sentence preceding it and after it. “These” in column B relates to “Chemical Extension/ analyses of food, health and beauty-care reference products” in column A. checking new toys will prevent a hazard to a Extension youngsters. Contrast “It is really a scientific process” shows a contrast with “Sound like a lot of fun” in column A. “Graduate chemistry trainees” in column A Extension refers to “degree holder in chemical technology” in column B. ‘The successful applicant” in column B need to Extension “carry out daily sample preparation” in column A. e.g. data review and writing reports. “Do you enjoy” in column A refers to “looking to Extension hire you”. It means that if you enjoy burning, bashing, twisting to destroy products, the ACTS is willing to hire you “Further requirement” shows column B is the Extension extension of column A. The basic requirement is mechanically-mind individuals (column A) . The additional requirement is “good problem-solving abilities.” (column B) “Engineering graduates” in column A refers to Extension “degree holders in either mechanical or manufacturing engineering” in column B.

UE 2001 Section C 81-98 Q Answer Skills tested 8 Replace “price” with “priced”. The use of Past participle 1 the past participle to modify the preceeding noun “model”. 8 Replace “had” with “was”. “The deal was Parallelism 2 made” was stated and the word “and linked them, so it is not necessary to use the word “was” instead of “had” 8 Replace “the” with “a”. This is the first time, Article(Infinite) 3 mentioning “a noun phrase” 8 Between “times” and “expensive” add Comparison 4 “more” to form a comparative 8 Between “intend” and “buy” add “to”. After To infinitive 5 the word “intended” use an infinitive to express a purpose 8 Correct 6 8 Correct 7 8 Replace “similar” with “same”. The word Context 8 “exact ” implies “same” 8 Delete the word “back”. The word Common expression 9 “returned” has the sense of back already 9 Replace “are” with “do” to form simple Simple present, 0 present tense, negative. negative Add “was” between “I” and “upset”. ‘I upset Structure 9 not only because I was overcharged more (Subject+verb+adj) 1 than $4000’ is an incorrect sentence with present active, passive voice should be used. Replace “are” with “is”. A singular form Plurality 9 should be used because “money” is agreement 2 uncountable and singular. Replace “sales” with “salespeople” Context 9 “Unscrupulous” is adjectives to describe 3 the behavior of person, not describe an item. So, salespeople should be used. Cross out “of” “Lack” is a verb in the Preposition 9 sentence, there is no preposition after it. “Of 4 “ is redundant. Cross out “ am”. ‘I am told this is a common Structure(subject+ver 9 practice in Hong Kong’ is a correct sentence b) 5 with present active. Passive voice should

not be used. 9 Correct 6 Cross out “ be”. A verb should be followed 9 immediately after “ should”.‘ I also think 7 that the government should require stores…” is a correct sentence with active voice. Add “of” between “days” and “purchase”. 9 Preposition should be added between two 8 nouns.

Modal verb and tense

Preposition