1 |p a g e
Trends in IT Performance Management
ITpreneurs
Trends in IT Performance Management
RESEARCH ON HOW ORGANIZATIONS ARE MANAGING IT PERFORMANCE
© Copyright 2008 by ITpreneurs Nederland B. V. All rights reserved
2 |p a g e
Trends in IT Performance Management
TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................................... 4 The relevance of IT performance management is increasing ................................................................................................ 4 But the implementation is still difficult ................................................................................................................................. 4 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Who Participated In The Survey? .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Information Technology Is A Black Box To A Majority Of Executives ........................................................................................ 6 Positive View On IT Performance Management But Mixed Feelings On Implementation ........................................................ 6 Cost Control, Compliance, and Value Delivery Are The Main Drivers For Managing IT Performance ....................................... 7 How to Define IT Performance Management ............................................................................................................................ 8 Establishing Progress Toward Achieving Goals IS The Primary Objective For Managing IT Performance ................................. 8 Knowing What To Measure Is The Biggest Obstacle To EffectIve IT Performance Management .............................................. 9 Having a Formalized Process framework is the biggest Success Factor for effective IT performance management .............. 10 Organizations predominantly use ITIL ................................................................................................................................. 11 Having the proper resources in place .................................................................................................................................. 11 What Determines Maturity? ................................................................................................................................................... 12 Company size ....................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Industry ............................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Corporate culture ................................................................................................................................................................ 13 Maturity Self‐Assessment ........................................................................................................................................................ 13 IT managers and consultants are in agreement .................................................................................................................. 13 IT security has the highest level of maturity of all IT areas, according to IT managers ....................................................... 13 The need to measure IT strategy ......................................................................................................................................... 14 Looking For evidence to validate the self assessment ............................................................................................................. 15 Most organizations are in the process of implementing IT performance management ..................................................... 15 Business accountability of IT initiatives ............................................................................................................................... 15 Separate budget for IT performance management? ........................................................................................................... 16 Employees dedicated to IT performance management ...................................................................................................... 16 No systematic procedure to learn from the past ................................................................................................................ 16 Benchmarking is seen as important but not done consistently ........................................................................................... 17 Best practice frameworks are most popular source for metrics ......................................................................................... 18 Summary findings on maturity ............................................................................................................................................ 18 The High Cost Of Finding Information ..................................................................................................................................... 19 Excel is still the main tool for managing IT performance..................................................................................................... 19 IT Managers see cost as the main shortcoming of IT performance management tools ...................................................... 19 Consultants see data collection and presentation as the main shortcomings of IT performance management tools ........ 20 Toward A Holistic Picture ........................................................................................................................................................ 21 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................................................... 22 Note On The Authors ............................................................................................................................................................... 23 Note on the research ............................................................................................................................................................... 23 Bibliography............................................................................................................................................................................. 24 © Copyright 2008 by ITpreneurs Nederland B. V. All rights reserved
3 |p a g e
Trends in IT Performance Management
PREFACE During the summer of 2008, ITpreneurs interviewed IT executives, senior consultants, and industry experts to capture their insights on the importance of IT performance management in organizations. The research aimed to address the following questions: How relevant is IT performance management for IT leadership? What are the challenges and critical success factors? How mature are organizations in managing their IT performance and what methods do they use? Do organizations have a clear picture of the overall performance of their IT organization? A total of 99 participants were interviewed, 51 on the phone and 48 via an online questionnaire. This report describes and analyzes the information gathered from the questionnaires and interviews.
© Copyright 2008 by ITpreneurs Nederland B. V. All rights reserved
4 |p a g e
Trends in IT Performance Management
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
For over two‐thirds of organizations, IT is a black box. Systems are complex and heterogeneous. CIOs don’t manage to get the right information for decision making and end up reacting to crises rather than preventing them.
The relevance of IT performance management is increasing
Seven recommendations for effective performance management 1.Clearly define IT goals and business goals 2.Use frameworks such as ITIL or COBIT for guidance on implementation of IT performance management 3.Identify things to measure that are meaningful for your business 4.Work on IT / business people relationship: IT people need to communicate in terms that the business can understand, business people need to be involved in and support IT initiatives 5.Attribute the proper resources such as people and budget 6.Make sure to have the proper mix of tools that enables to collect and present effective information for decision‐making 7. Work towards a holistic IT decision making picture
Partly because of this, most organizations see IT performance management positively as they recognize the necessity to put in place programs to better manage IT performance. There has been a definite increase in interest in this subject over the past three years. The reasons for instituting IT performance management in organizations can be summarized by three main drivers: Cost control: The IT budget is being increasingly scrutinized and everything possible is done to be able to reduce costs. Compliance with regulations: New laws, such as Sarbanes Oxley and Basel II, have been promulgated and are forcing organizations to become more transparent. Value demonstration: As organizations are becoming more mature, they have come to realize the need for having an IT organization that is performing well to create value and stay competitive.
But the implementation is still difficult Even though IT performance management is seen as relevant, many participants recognize that it is still difficult to implement effective performance management in practice. One in two IT managers finds the lack of clarity over what to measure, as well as the lack of knowledge on how to implement these programs to be the main challenges. In addition, 72% of the interviewees find that having a framework in place such as COBIT™ or ITIL® to provide guidance on the implementation is the main success factor. Moreover, the relationship between business and IT is not always easy. IT people should learn to speak more in business terms while business people should be more involved in IT initiatives and clearly define their needs. Results show that organizations are still immature in terms of managing their IT performance. On a scale from 1 to 5, the majority of organizations are between level 2 and 3. Finally, only 6% of organizations can say that they have a holistic picture of the overall performance of their IT organization. The use of manual reporting, such as Microsoft Excel, is still predominant and a significant amount of time is spent on consolidating information and reports into one view.
© Copyright 2008 by ITpreneurs Nederland B. V. All rights reserved
5 | P a g e ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ITpreneurs wishes to thank: The interviewees: 1. Feras Abou Shackra, ITSMF Gulf, UAE 2. Dee Anthony, Gartner, USA, 3. Gary Baker, Deloitte & Touche LLP, Canada 4. Ray Barham, Transcanada, Canada 5. Dennis Bladergroen, Green Leaf Management & Consultancy, Netherlands 6. Andrew Bream, General Dynamics Information Technology, USA 7. Frank Buytendijk, Oracle, Netherlands 8. Don Caniglia, Jon Campbell & Associates, USA 9. Yalcin Gerek, TAC, Turkey 10. Peter Hanselman, Hanselman Management Services, Netherlands 11. Gary Hardy, IT Winners, South Africa 12. Jimmy Heschl, KPMG, Austria 13. Brian Johnson, CA, USA 14. Arno Kapteyn, Cap Gemini, Netherlands 15. Bart Kerkhofs, HP, Belgium 16. Sampath Kumar, Accenture, India 17. Shirley Lacy, Connectsphere, United Kingdom 18. Leslie Landry, Streamline BPM, Canada 19. Peter Lijnse, Service Management Art, Canada 20. William Livingston, General Dynamics Information Technology, USA 21. Eric Lung, Hong Kong International Terminal, Hong Kong 22. David Mainville, Consulting Portal, USA 23. Julie Mohr, BluePrint Audits, USA 24. Alan Nance, Tata Consultancy, USA 25. Hamid Nouri, NAI, USA 26. Piotr Orłowski, DHL Express, Poland 27. Robert Payne, Lode Star Strategy Consulting cc, South Africa 28. Dalibor Petrovic, Deloitte & Touche LLP, USA 29. Bob Pitts, SRA, USA 30. Søren Riis‐Vestergaard, Westergaard CSM, Denmark 31. Joe Rowley, General Dynamics Information Technology, USA 32. Elka Schrijver, Service Management Art, Canada 33. Chad Smith, Great‐West Life Assurance Co., Canada 34. Jan Sonneveld, Q Monitor, Netherlands 35. Randy A. Steinberg, ITSM Strategies Inc, USA 36. Mark Thomas, Escoute, USA 37. John Thorp, Thorp Network, Canada 38. Mark Toomey, Infonomics, Australia 39. Samuel Trejo, Crystal Intelligence, Mexico 40. Chris van der Weyden, Chisholm Institute, Australia 41. Rube van Poelgeest, Boer & Croon Executive Managers, Netherlands 42. Jan Verwoerd, ING Real Estate, Netherlands 43. Jan Vromant, Deloitte & Touche LLP, USA 44. Paul Wilkinson, Gamingworks, Netherlands 45. Kenneth Wilson, CA, United Kingdom Those who wished to remain anonymous.
And everybody who filled out the online questionnaire
A special thanks to: Max Shanahan, IT best practices industry expert, reviewer of the questionnaires
®
ITIL is a registered trademark and a Registered Community Trademark of the OGC.
®
COBIT is a registered trademark of ISACA and the IT Governance Institute.
WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE SURVEY? A total of 99 executives around the world took part in the research; 51 people were interviewed on the phone and 48 people filled out an online questionnaire.
Geographic Distribution Oceania/ Australia 3% Middle East 8%
Europe 35%
North America 34%
South America 3% Africa 4% Asia 13%
Figure 1: Geographic Distribution
The study population was divided into two main categories: ‐ CONSULTANTS: Senior consultants, industry experts, executives advising various clients and trainers in the IT best practices industry to have their insights on industry trends and how their clients are approaching IT performance management. ‐ IT MANAGERS: CIOs, senior IT managers and IT executives working in one particular organization to capture their perspectives on how IT performance management is implemented in their company. From now on, the terms consultants and IT managers are employed in this report when distinguishing between the two populations.
© Copyright 2008 by ITpreneurs Nederland B. V. All rights reserved
6 | P a g e INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IS A BLACK BOX TO A MAJORITY OF EXECUTIVES Abstruse, technical, obscure, complex, mysterious, unintelligible…These are words used from time to time to describe Information Technology in organizations. The following statement from Information Week confirms: “For too many organizations IT is a black box. Projects and systems are so complex that few CIOs can predict a direct impact on the business, making it hard to win budget and resources even in prosperous times. “And when the CIO can't get a clear picture of the real‐time data that underlies critical applications, infrastructure, and projects, IT too often ends up reacting to issues after users and customers are having problems.” (Information Week March 2008) Participants largely agree with this statement — 65% of the participants agree outright while a further 15% agrees to some extent (Cf. Figure 2).
Is IT still a black box? Disagree 16% Agree to some extent 15%
Not clear 4%
Agree 65%
Figure 2: Is IT still a black box?
One of the reasons for IT being so poorly understood by organizations is the increasing number of heterogeneous systems and applications running on top of each other. Christian F. Nissen, president of CFN People explains: “The complexity [of IT] is growing because of interfaces between applications, integrated system management tools etc. ‐ and often without value adding to the business.” In addition, part of the problem is that IT and business have difficulty communicating, making it hard for both organizations to understand each other’s requirements and constraints. Jan Verwoerd, Director of Global Services, ING Real Estate, explains: “It is not always easy for IT to get a clear insight of what the business requires, what they need. At the same time the business sometimes makes decisions on technology while they are not aware of possible consequences. Business IT alignment is still not well organized. The business selects tools instead of identifying the functionality they need.” In response to that situation, CIOs seem “to take decisions mostly out of emotion and respond to crises at the last moment,” as observed by Randy Steinberg, President, ITSM Strategies Inc.
Managing IT performance is believed to be one way to address an organization’s lack of the information to take effective decisions. The following section elaborates on that idea and describes how organizations consider IT performance management.
POSITIVE VIEW ON IT PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT BUT MIXED FEELINGS ON IMPLEMENTATION In order to find out the attitudes of organizations toward IT performance management, participants were asked to what extent they agreed with a list of ambitions and desirable results one could expect by implementing IT performance management programs in organizations. As shown in Figure 3, respondents largely agreed with these statements but with the caveat that IT performance management be done correctly. Indeed, in practice, IT performance management, if not done properly, can be ineffective. For example, Sudarshan Wodeyar, Program Manager of IT Governance, SAI Global, explains: “IT Performance will improve [cost effectiveness of IT for the business] only if IT controls are part of the 'design' phase. Otherwise it has the opposite effect on performance.” Many participants highlight the difference between what one could expect from managing IT performance in organizations and what is actually happening in reality. Jenny Dugmore, Director, Service Matters, explains: “It is not always the most useful things that people measure ‐ sometimes it is just what can be measured or what can be measured easily, so the principle is great, the practice less so.”
IT Performance Management is seen positively Is an enabler for vendor management Is a necessity for generating business value Improves cost effectiveness of IT for the business Helps demonstrate that IT is under control Helps to ensure that IT addresses business goals Helps getting the right information for decision making 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Disagree
Neutral
Agree
Figure 3: Attitudes toward IT performance management Overall, the statement that got the highest score is “IT helps to get the right information for decision making.” © Copyright 2008 by ITpreneurs Nederland B. V. All rights reserved
7 | P a g e Interestingly, IT managers have a more moderate response to the statement, “IT is a necessity for generating business value”, (67% agreeing versus 78% among consultants (Cf. Figure 4). On the other hand, IT managers are somewhat more inclined to agree that IT performance management “improves cost effectiveness of IT for the business” (85% against 76% for consultants). This may reflect some skepticism on the part of IT managers who experience first‐hand what the impact of IT activities are on their business. Arno Kapteyn, Managing Consultant, Capgemini, explains that “IT performance management is not a necessity for generating business value but only to demonstrate that IT generates value to the business.” This seems to suggest that sometimes, the business is not convinced in the first place that IT actually generates value but primarily sees IT as a cost factor.
% of IT managers and consultants agreeing with the statements Is an enabler for vendor management Helps to get the right information for decision making Helps demonstrate that IT is under control Is a necessity for generating business value Improves cost effectiveness of IT for the business Helps to ensure that IT addresses business goals 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90%
Consultants
IT Managers
Figure 4: Attitudes toward IT performance management Comparison IT managers vs. consultants In conclusion, IT performance management is generally seen positively by organizations that recognize the value of having in place a well‐defined IT performance management program. However, the general feeling is that IT performance management doesn’t always give the expected results and that actual implementation is not always as effective as one could anticipate.
COST CONTROL, COMPLIANCE, AND VALUE DELIVERY ARE THE MAIN DRIVERS FOR MANAGING IT PERFORMANCE Now, let’s identify the drivers for putting in place IT performance management programs. Consultants were asked about the trends they see in the industry for IT performance management. In 99% of the cases, participants see a strong increase in interest, and some see an actual increase of the relevance of IT performance management. Three key drivers of this trend can be identified: Cost Control: The IT budget is being increasingly scrutinized and everything is done to be able to reduce costs. There is a strong belief that by measuring their IT performance, IT organizations will be able to better control their budget by determining the precise cost of the different components of IT and identifying where IT overspends and where costs can be reduced. The business is also demanding more justification from IT for IT spending. Also, IT performance management allows organizations to measure and manage the performance and cost of their service providers because organizations are increasingly outsourcing part of their IT to external organizations. Compliance: Many consultants also attribute this increase in interest in IT performance management to the stringent regulations and laws that have been promulgated, for example, Sarbanes Oxley and Basel II. As IT performance management supports the transparency of information and helps organizations manage their IT governance better, it is believed to facilitate compliance with these regulations. Cultural change and value demonstration: Because of increasingly fierce global competition and the need to become the best at what they do, organizations have come to realize the importance of IT in their daily operations and the value they can gain by having IT organizations that are performing well. In addition, the scope of what is being measured seems to change, moving toward metrics that are relevant for the business and away from technical and granular measurement. However, even though the interest in performance management has been increasing over the past three years, consultants do not see definite signs yet of organizations putting in place comprehensive performance management programs.
© Copyright 2008 by ITpreneurs Nederland B. V. All rights reserved
8 | P a g e HOW TO DEFINE IT PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT Because people don’t always mean the same thing while talking about IT performance management, let’s briefly define the term, starting by looking at the meaning of performance management. Performance management is closely related to performance measurement. They are sometimes mistaken for each other. In careful usage, performance management is the larger domain and includes performance measurement as a component. Performance measurement is the process of assessing progress toward achieving predetermined goals. Performance management builds on that process, adding the relevant communication and action on the progress achieved against these predetermined goals. In this research, IT performance management is defined as the “combination of management methodologies, metrics, and IT (applications, tools and infrastructure) that enables users to define, monitor, and optimize results and outcomes to personal or departmental objectives while enabling alignment with strategic objectives across multiple organizational levels (personal, process, group, departmental, corporate or business ecosystem)” (Gartner, 2006). In general, interviewees agreed with that definition even though some found it somehow too broad, finding in practice “very little linkage to strategic alignment goals” (David Mainville, President, Consulting Portal). Mark Toomey, Managing Director of Infonomics and a leading advisor on corporate governance of IT, identifies three levels of IT performance management: ‐ Primary level: Achieving the business goals ‐ Secondary level: Critical elements for achieving these business goals successfully ‐ Tertiary level: Technical and detailed indicators for basic “health check” Toomey explains that most metrics defined by IT people belong to the secondary and tertiary levels while the primary level of measurement is rarely addressed because it is more abstract and difficult to define metrics that directly measure the achievement of business goals.
ESTABLISHING PROGRESS TOWARD ACHIEVING GOALS IS THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE FOR MANAGING IT PERFORMANCE “Performance management starts with having clear objectives in the first place and then it is about the monitoring of these objectives and how they are being met.” Gary Hardy, IT consultant, and major contributor to the COBIT initiative, speaks for many – 71% of the consultants interviewed name the establishment of progress toward achieving goals as a primary objective for instituting IT performance management. It sounds simple enough, almost too simple. And that is indeed the case. Hardy goes on to say, “One of the problems is that those objectives aren’t clear in the first place. The customer should be defining them. But often that doesn’t happen in the world of IT. IT people make assumptions on what the customer wants. And they tend to do it in a way that is technically oriented rather than business oriented. That can make it even worse.” Establishing progress toward achieving goals is a strategic objective that makes perfect sense and is easy to agree upon in theory. But, it is clearly a difficult one to achieve in practice, given the large scope of IT goals and the fact that they are not always clearly defined. Half of IT managers also name it a primary objective, but a larger proportion of them (67%) opt for the somewhat more practical and modest goal of “identifying internal improvement opportunities.” On meeting SLAs, the spread between consultants (71%) and IT managers (45%) is 26 points, reflecting the fact that IT managers tend to have other priorities such as improving processes, monitoring the progress toward objectives, or demonstrating value to increase management support. On the other hand, consultants are more inclined to choose meeting SLAs as a primary objective because they are often directly involved in these agreements. Overall, there is agreement on the objectives of IT performance management provided in the list shown in Figure 5, and the most important objectives are: ‐ Establish progress toward achieving goals. ‐ Meet Service Level Agreement (SLAs). ‐ Identify internal improvement opportunities.
© Copyright 2008 by ITpreneurs Nederland B. V. All rights reserved
9 | P a g e first, “lack of clarity over what to measure.” Indeed, if IT and business people don’t have the right dialog, it is difficult for the IT organization to figure out what the business needs in terms of measurement. Establish the progress toward achieving goals This finding is confirmed by a McKinsey article, “What IT leaders do”, which states, ”Executives routinely accuse IT Meeting Service Level Agreements of managing projects poorly or of failing to translate business needs into IT solutions. IT, for its part, often Identify internal improvement opportunities blames business for a lack of involvement and quality input”, (McKinsey & Company, 2005). Helps making informed decisions about new services Few things are more interesting than hearing Increase top management support interviewees analyze where exactly the communication is breaking down. Is the fault on the side of IT? Be compliant with internal or external regulations David Mainville, President, Consulting Portal, an IT Increase internal and external credibility process improvement consulting organization, argues the case: “IT people will generate metrics based on what they Improve communication with users believe the right metrics are. They don’t even talk about what they do in business terms so how would they go about Compare performance with past year performance defining measurements in terms that the business would understand?” Compare own IT services with best performers in the market On the other hand, Bob Pitts, Director ITSM Center, SRA International Inc, sees the fault on both sides and 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% illustrates the issue: “The fault is on both sides. The IT people are told by business management to measure their performance. Then IT and the business sit down at the table Primary Objectives IT Managers to figure out how to accomplish the measurement. So the Primary Objectives Consultants networking guys will say: “Great, we know how to measure our network performance so we’ll tell you that it’s up to ‘n’ Figure 5: Objectives of IT performance management digits for availability.” It’s the same for the other ‘silos’ of technology – Database, Servers etc. IT people will say “Ask me these particular questions because I know how to KNOWING WHAT TO MEASURE IS THE BIGGEST OBSTACLE answer them. “ But ultimately they should be looking at the TO EFFECTIVE IT PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT link between all of those components and how they actually work together to help the business do its job. That link is broken.” Such situations leave the business wondering why The biggest obstacles for implementing successful IT its earnest efforts to implement IT performance performance management are: management don’t pay off. The challenge of aligning business with IT is clearly top ‐ Lack of clarity over what to measure (54%) of mind for consultants because they tend to be ‐ Business and IT do not have the right dialogue to confronted with those issues more directly, while IT agree on what needs to be achieved (49%) managers are confronted with the practical aspect of ‐ Lack of knowledge and understanding (39%) implementing IT performance management which makes them choose more concrete obstacles. Fifty‐four percent of all respondents chose lack of clarity over what to measure as an obstacle, making this This can be seen in the following divergence. While the most frequently mentioned obstacle to the successful dialogue between business and IT is the top obstacle adoption of IT performance management. chosen by consultants (over 60% of them), only 30% of IT “We collect a lot of data on systems and most of the managers actually see this as a major obstacle and are time we don’t do much with it or don’t know what to do clearly not as aware or bothered by their disconnect from with it until someone asks,” says Julie Mohr, Principal business. Instead, 48% of IT managers choose lack of Research Analyst and Author at BlueprintAudits.com, a knowledge and understanding and 36% choose lack of best practice consulting organization. This observation is expertise to execute as their second and third biggest typical of many participants – organizations tend to obstacles. Clearly, consultants will keep playing a large role measure an abundance of data, not being able to in implementing IT performance management, given the distinguish what the meaningful information is for IT wide range of software, framework solutions, and metrics decision making. that a company needs to assess for usage. 49% of all participants say that business and IT do not have the right dialogue to discuss what needs to be achieved. This obstacle is one of the root causes of the
Objectives of IT Performance Management
© Copyright 2008 by ITpreneurs Nederland B. V. All rights reserved
10 | P a g e Now that the obstacles for putting in place IT performance management have been identified, let’s look at the success factors.
Obstacles For Putting In Place Effective IT Performance Management 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
HAVING A FORMALIZED PROCESS FRAMEWORK IS THE BIGGEST SUCCESS FACTOR FOR EFFECTIVE IT PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT
70%
Lack of clarity over what to measure Business and IT do not have the right dialogue to discuss and agree what needs to be achieved
What will make IT performance management succeed in organizations? According to 72% of all respondents, the most critical success factor is having a formalized process framework, such as ITIL or COBIT. Cleary, this is seen as a major contributor to overcome the previously highlighted obstacle of knowing what exactly to measure. Pitts puts it concisely, “The framework gives you the guidance on what should be measured.”
Lack of knowledge and understanding
Lack of expertise to execute
Lack of support from IT departments
The business does not see the value of such a program
Success factors For effective IT performance management
Not budgeted Having a formalized process framework / methodology (e.g. COBIT, ITIL) Not a priority
Having the proper resources in place (budget, people, infrastructure) Having support from the business
IT performance measurement is too complicated to implement Proper guidance on the implementation Lack of information on existing solutions Having a useful software application to convey performance measures Having an industry standard for metrics (common language)
IT Performance measurement doesn’t seem to be a solution for our IT‐related problems
Having knowledge of how our peers are performing
Company is too small
Consultant
0%
20%
30%
40%
Consultants
IT Managers
Figure 6: Obstacles for IT performance management A third of consultants (33%) find that “lack of support from IT departments” can be a challenge for adopting IT performance management. This is partly because of a transparency issue ‐‐ IT people do not want to be measured. Peter Hanselman, an experienced CIO, explains: “IT people are the most resistant to change from all the people in the world in my experience. They have learned some tricks and they would like to stick with the trick.” On the other hand, lack of support from IT departments can also be caused by political issues where IT departments cannot agree amongst each other on the way to implement this type of program. In that case, consultants can indeed then find themselves stuck in the middle of such disagreements.
10%
50%
60%
70%
80%
IT Managers
Figure 7: Success factors for effective IT performance management The strong relationship between using a formalized framework and successful IT performance management also highlights the need for IT processes to have some basic level of maturity before putting in place proper measurement. Since having a formalized process framework or methodology in place is so often mentioned as a success factor for IT performance management, the next section briefly explains the current state of adoption of the different IT Best Practice frameworks.
© Copyright 2008 by ITpreneurs Nederland B. V. All rights reserved
11 | P a g e
Organizations predominantly use ITIL
Having the proper resources in place
Seventy seven percent of IT managers report using ITIL in their organization. This shows the widespread adoption of the framework (Cf. Figure 8). The fact that 27% of respondents are also using COBIT and 40% are considering its implementation indicates a progression in the maturity of IT shops toward more formalized processes. These statistics, combined with the fact that 70% of all respondents list “having a formalized framework/methodology” (Cf. Figure 7) as a key success factor for implementing IT performance management, shows that IT organizations are generally heading in the right direction for the successful implementation of performance management
An equally important success factor to IT managers is to “have the proper resources in place such as people, budget, and infrastructure.” It is perhaps a sobering realization that even with the best of intentions to implement IT performance management, an IT organization will not be very successful at it, unless it has the resources to do it seriously, This also implies that the business has to be convinced and committed to providing these resources. Yet, that still falls one step short of the active business involvement that consultants feel should be there. That is why 60% of consultants mentions “having support from the business” as an important success factor. So, it is clear that proper support and guidance in whatever form such as frameworks and expert advice, are key requirements for successful IT performance management. Getting it done right requires a professional approach and a clear commitment from the business that goes beyond simply providing resources.
Which framework are organizations using?
ITIL / ISO20000
COBIT
Prince2/PMBOK ISO 17799/ISO 27000 or equivalent security standard IT Balance Scorecard CMM (Capability Maturity Model) Six Sigma ISO 9000 Val IT 0%
20%
40%
Figure 8: Framework adoption
60%
80%
100%
© Copyright 2008 by ITpreneurs Nederland B. V. All rights reserved
12 | P a g e The next three sections looks at the current stage of maturity of organizations in IT performance management. The following study on maturity first starts by determining factors that have an effect on the level of maturity of an organization such as its size, the type of industry it is in, or its corporate culture. It then looks at how consultants assess their clients and how IT managers assess their own maturity. In the end, it completes the participants’ self‐ assessment of maturity by describing other evidences of maturity that were observed by interviewing respondents during the research.
WHAT DETERMINES MATURITY?
Company size Two‐thirds of consultants see a relationship between company size and maturity (Cf. Figure 9). In general, the larger the organization, the more mature the organization is. There is evidence to believe that there is a relationship between the size of a company and its maturity in terms of measuring its performance. Larger organizations will have more resources, such as budget, infrastructure, and people available, to put in place such programs. In addition, the complexity of their IT processes makes large organizations more inclined to implement IT performance management to be able to control and manage their IT. Finally, larger organizations are more likely to have to comply with external regulations and, consequently, pay more attention to IT governance and performance management. The maturity model used to assess organizations is taken from COBIT and consists of five levels:
Level 1
From the consultants who see a relationship between company size and maturity: ‐ 75% see small organizations between levels 1 and 2. ‐ 93% see mid‐size organizations between levels 2 and 3. ‐ 77% see large organizations between levels 2 and 3 as well. The above observations show that maturity seems to increase with size for small to mid‐size organizations, but large organizations have difficulty reaching the next level of maturity. The proportion of organizations at level 3 jumps up from 19% to 53% when comparing small organizations to mid‐size ones. But when comparing mid‐size organizations to large ones, a similar jump in maturity does not occur – the proportion of large organizations at level 3 (49%) stays roughly the same as the proportion of mid‐size organizations at the same level (53%), while the proportion of large organizations rated at level 4 is still only 27% compared to 7% for mid‐size organizations. Indeed, some consultants explain that it is more difficult to reach a higher maturity level for larger organizations, which are so dispersed and complex, than it is for mid‐size organizations.
2/3 consultants correlate maturity to size 60%
3 2
40% 30%
1
• There is ad hoc monitoring in isolated areas.
Level 3
• Some measures are set with a clear link to business goals but are not communicated. Measurement processes emerge, but are not consistently applied.
Level 4
• Efficiency and effectiveness are measured and communicated and linked to business goals and the IT strategic plan. Continuous improvement is emerging.
Level 5
• There is an integrated performance measurement system linking IT performance to business goals by global application of a documented framework. Continuous improvement is a way of life.
(IT Governance Institute, 2007)
4
3 20%
4 5
4
10%
5
1
5
1
0%
Level 1
Level 2
2
Small (0 ‐ 50 employees)
• No measurement takes place.
3
2
50%
Mid‐size (50‐1000)
Level 2
Level 3
Large (>1000)
Level 4
Level 5
Figure 9: Relationship between maturity and company size However, one‐third of consultants do not see a clear relationship between company size and maturity level. David Mainville argues: “I have seen small organizations that are good and some that are terrible at it [IT performance management] because they are too busy fighting fires. In large organizations they have the manpower and the budget to create departments to pull in metrics but because larger organizations are so disjointed and have so many systems, the systems don’t even agree with each other and they are ineffective for a completely different reason.” Consultants identify other types of relationships such as by industry type or company culture.
© Copyright 2008 by ITpreneurs Nederland B. V. All rights reserved
13 | P a g e
Industry Highly regulated industries such as financial services seem to be more mature in managing IT performance than many others. Yalcin Gerek, partner at TAC, an IT consulting firm based in Turkey, relates the following example: “Banks in Turkey will be mature regardless of their size because they need to be compliant [with regulations]. Also, some organizations are using information systems that require a certain level of maturity such as telecoms or hosting companies. For example, we have a client which is providing hosting services for Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). They have only 30 employees but are very mature in terms of their performance measurement. On the other hand, we have a customer from the manufacturing industry who has more than 1000 employees. They are not mature at all in terms of performance measurement.” The close integration of business and IT processes is another reason for the higher level of maturity in this industry. “There is probably no industry as dependent upon IT as financial services,.” David Mainville, President, Consulting Portal. On the other hand, the manufacturing and oil and gas industries are often pointed out as being the least mature in matter of IT performance management. “We see a lot of people [in the oil and gas industry] who think Information Technology is a necessary evil and they don’t really care about how it’s being done.,” Peter Lijnse, President, Service Management Art.
MATURITY SELF‐ASSESSMENT Let’s now look at how IT managers and consultants perceive themselves or their clients in terms of maturity in IT performance management.
IT managers and consultants are in agreement The results show that IT managers and consultants are pretty much in agreement when assessing maturity in organizations. Forty‐nine percent of IT managers rate their organization as being at level 3 against 41% for consultants (Cf. Figure 10). The graph is slightly off‐center to the right for IT managers; they are slightly more positive than consultants, with 35% of them ranking their maturity at level 4 versus 27% for consultants.
Participants' maturity assessment of large organizations 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Level 1
Corporate culture
Level 2
Level 3
Consultants
Level 4
Level 5
IT Managers
Some consultants find that the culture of an organization plays a big role in its maturity. Some organizations where Figure 10: Participants’ maturity assessment of large there is a good relationship between the business and IT organizations1 will tend to be more mature than others. In addition, organizations that are more dynamic and less resistant to change will tend to be more mature as well. Julie Mohr IT security has the highest level of maturity of all IT argues: “Maturity is not indicative of the size of a company. areas, according to IT managers It is almost more closely tied to a company’s ability to Breaking “Information Technology” into separate IT areas create the strategic plan. Culture is huge in maturity. When and asking IT managers to assess their maturity in each of I look at the COBIT maturity [model], you could be at a level them reveals that maturity for IT security scores the 2 and want to go to a level 4, but it might take one highest. Going by the previously mentioned maturity levels, organization three years to get to that level and it might it scores an average level of 3.3 (Cf. Figure 11), followed take a small company six months because they’re more closely by operations, with 3.15. Security is especially agile, they can change and they have the right leadership. mature among companies active in the financial industry So it’s more about the culture of organizations, their ability and defense, where confidentiality of information is to adapt.” obviously a key consideration. The poorest maturity rating is for IT strategy (2.73), the area of IT that is most closely linked to creating alignment with the goals of the business. This is partly due to the fact that strategy does not lend itself well to measurement. Dennis Bladergroen, Director, Greenleaf Management & Consultancy explains, “IT strategy is very long‐term and you don’t measure that every month; maybe once or twice a year.” 1
To be able to compare IT managers’ assessments and those of consultants, the category “Large organizations” has been singled out from the consultant’s assessment in Figure 9 because 84% of the IT managers surveyed worked for large companies. © Copyright 2008 by ITpreneurs Nederland B. V. All rights reserved
14 | P a g e On the other hand, IT operations (which received the second‐highest maturity rating (3.15) is relatively easy to measure and functions such as the IT helpdesk are most visible to the business and important for its satisfaction of IT. Julie Mohr notes: “Right now, what IT organizations are focused on is the reactionary side ‐ how to fix the area where the customer calls in to complain the most, instead of focusing on what’s actually at fault in the environment. There is a lot of measurement around [Operations] because that’s perceived to create quality for the customer.” Bladergroen adds, “There is a lot of attention in the IT operations area and it’s easy to measure. When it’s easy, it usually gets a lot of attention.”
IT managers assess their maturity per IT area Security Operations Infrastructure
area in their top three, more than for any other area. There are starkly contrasting philosophies in this area with some consultants advocating a top‐down “ideal” approach, starting with strategy and others advocating a a bottom‐up “pragmatic” approach. There is something to be said for both. Mark Thomas, Partner, Escoute, an IT process consultancy firm, argues, “IT strategy is all about how you align yourself and support the business. That is what helps you decide on the correct frameworks to use and the correct measurement. So, everything below that is subordinate to IT strategy. If you don’t have a proper IT strategy and you cannot measure it effectively, then how can you even know that your IT operations are aligned?” Reflecting a more pragmatic view, Jan Vromant, Lead in the Outsourcing Advisory Services at, Deloitte Consulting LLP, argues, “Strategy is not relevant in most IT departments because everybody is focusing on cost, service levels, and firefighting. Is it really relevant to those people what the performance measures are of IT strategy? No. It’s classroom theory versus practical reality.”
Priority for Measurement by IT Area ‐ IT Managers
Project Applications Development Strategy 2.50 2.70 2.90 3.10 3.30 3.50
Security Maturity level [1 ,5]
Figure 11: IT managers’ maturity assessment per IT area
Strategy
Project Management
The need to measure IT strategy
Operations
Recognizing their low maturity in measuring IT strategy, 36% of all respondents rank it as their top priority for achieving a high maturity level compared to 22% for operations (Cf. Figure 12). Despite how difficult it is, organizations realize the need to measure strategy well because “everything comes from the top.” Chris van der Weyden, CIO, Chisholm Institute, Australia, explains that, “IT strategy is where you get the right decisions about what to invest in. There you get alignment with the business and with alignment you get trust from senior management. You might run a very efficient ship, but invest in all the wrong products. Without strategy you have nothing else.” At the same time, many insist on maintaining an emphasis on operations. Sixty‐two percent include this
Applications Development Infrastructure 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
Ranked among top 3 priority
Ranked among top 2 priority
Ranked as top priority
Figure 12: Priority for measurement by IT area ‐ IT managers
© Copyright 2008 by ITpreneurs Nederland B. V. All rights reserved
15 | P a g e LOOKING FOR EVIDENCE TO VALIDATE THE SELF ASSESSMENT
Business accountability of IT initiatives
To complete the maturity assessment above, the following paragraphs look at various signs of maturity in organizations. First, it establishes the degree of business involvement in IT organizations. Then it looks at the resources in place for managing IT performance, such as people and budget. Finally, it looks at the organizations’ current practices regarding benchmarking.
Most organizations are in the process of implementing IT performance management To determine the current practices in matter of IT performance management, a good indicator to start off with is the current degree of implementation of IT performance management programs.. Eighty‐one percent of IT managers surveyed have IT performance management programs in place in their organizations or are currently implementing one (Cf. Figure 13). These results show the importance of IT performance management. The IT managers who answered that they didn’t have IT performance management instituted in their company are all seriously considering implementing such a program but are waiting to become more mature in their IT processes.
Current Degree of Implementation Partly implemented & In the process 34%
Only 30% of IT managers said that business sponsors have financial incentives such as bonus or penalties to make the IT projects succeed (Cf. Figure 14). For 17% of business sponsors, the project outcome is tied to their departmental budget and for 13%, there are personal financial incentives. The degree to which business sponsors are accountable for the outcomes of IT initiatives is a good indicator to judge business involvement in IT activities. Indeed, having involvement from the business was mentioned as one of the three main success factors for implementing IT performance management successfully. An article from McKinsey & Company arguing about who should be accountable for IT, explains, “Even when the top‐management team believes that it is essential to increase coordination between IT and the business, nothing will happen until business managers must answer for IT planning and its results” (McKinsey & Company, 2002). Yet, judging by these responses, there seems to be little financial incentive for business sponsors to make their IT projects succeed. Money may not be everything and company culture can go a long way in promoting constructive dialog between IT and business. Still, financial rewards might help deepen the involvement of business in IT matters, preventing such situations as the one described by a CIO of a large entertainment company in Hong Kong: “[Any project] comes from the business. It is just that business people do not want to label it as a business project because they are afraid that it will fail. When a business project fails, they blame it on IT.”
Are the business sponsors of IT initiatives evaluated on the outcomes of these initiatives?
Considered 13%
Implemented 10% In the process 43%
Figure 13: Current Degree of adoption
No, the business sponsors are not accountable for the outcomes 36%
Yes, outcomes are tied to personal financial rewards 14%
Yes, outcomes are tied to the sponsors’ budget 21%
Yes, but there are no financial incentives /penalties 29%
Figure 14: Accountability of business sponsors
© Copyright 2008 by ITpreneurs Nederland B. V. All rights reserved
16 | P a g e
Separate budget for IT performance management? Only 12% of IT managers have a separate budget in place for IT performance management (Cf. Figure 15). While this is an obvious indication of the importance the company attaches to IT performance management, it should be noted that many of those who said “No” also do not feel a real need to establish a separate budget and seem content with keeping IT performance management as an integrated cost component of other IT projects. There might be good reasons for doing so. A CIO who had a separate budget in place highlighted one of the challenges of that practice: “Once a performance measurement mechanism is in place, I don’t monitor what we spend in that area. It is folded into the general services activities and is no longer visible as a separate budget line item. For me this is also a protection to avoid that this part of the work gets questioned. In difficult pressure times there might be a temptation that I have seen partially in the past to say “Well, do we need all this? Can we scale it down?” That is a very short‐term focus which I think is wrong so I decided not to make it visible as such to avoid that we have that temptation.“
Are there full‐time employees dedicated to collecting and reporting IT performance data for decision making? No 15%
Yes, we have full‐time positions to handle this task, 30%
Yes, but not explicitly mentioned in job descriptions, 18%
Not full‐time but part of formal job descriptions, 36%
Figure 16: Employees dedicated to IT performance management
No systematic procedure to learn from the past Only 35% of respondents say their company frequently or systematically looks at the results of previous IT projects (Cf. Figure 17), mainly to improve performance of current projects. Few organizations actually let the success of previous projects play a role in making the decision to move forward with a new project. Only 17% of respondents actually do it to determine sponsorship of new projects.
Do you have a budget defined for collecting and reporting IT performance data for decision making?
12% Yes No 88% Figure 15: IT budget for IT performance management
Employees dedicated to IT performance management Thirty percent of IT manager say they have formal full‐time positions established in their organizations to collect and report IT performance data. Only 15% do not while the remainder has functions that incorporate IT performance management either formally or informally. So a majority of 66% have IT positions that formally address the measurement and reporting of IT performance. Although this highlights the growing importance being placed on IT performance management, having a separate headcount also shows the continual and labor‐intensive challenge that organizations face in pulling together performance data from different sources to get a clear picture of what is going on. To illustrate, one senior IT manager at a large insurance company who had a team of 7 people dedicated to collecting and reporting IT performance, said it normally takes 3 weeks to produce a monthly dashboard report for the CIO.
Does your organization look at past IT inititives' performance before starting a project in the same area? Systematically 10% Rarely 34% Frequently 25%
Sometimes 31%
Figure 17: Looking at past initiatives' performance Most respondents do realize the value of this practice and explain that they would like to do it in the future. This demonstrates a certain immaturity in systematically learning from past information and performance data.
© Copyright 2008 by ITpreneurs Nederland B. V. All rights reserved
17 | P a g e .
Benchmarking is seen as important but not done consistently
Benchmarking attitudes ‐ IT Managers
The research shows that a majority of organizations are using some form of benchmarking but only 33% engage in serious external benchmarking against an industry index or select group of peers. Thirty‐eight percent of IT managers report not using benchmarking at all (Cf. Figure 18). Fifty‐ two percent say they do external benchmarking while 21% engage in internal benchmarking. So while it is clear that benchmarking is far from being a marginalized practice, serious benchmarking is not yet widespread.
Nice to have but not essential 21%
IT Managers report on use of benchmarking
Important to the business 73%
Not important 3% Counter ‐ productive 3%
Don’t use benchmarking
Figure 19: Benchmarking attitudes – IT managers
Internally (e.g. between departments)
Benchmarking ‐ Importance by reason ‐ IT Managers
Compare performance with industry index or select group of peers (e.g. ITSMF) 45%
On a High Level (e.g IT budget)
40% 0%
35%
10% 20% 30% 40%
30%
Figure 18: IT managers report on use of benchmarking When examining attitudes towards benchmarking, an interesting conclusion can be made. Seventy‐three percent of IT managers say benchmarking is important for their business (Cf. Figure 19), the most prevalent reason being to keep internal transparency (42%) (Cf. Figure 20). However, consultants find that their clients take benchmarking less seriously. Forty‐seven percent of consultants say their clients think benchmarking is Nice to have but not essential compared to 21% of IT managers (Cf. Figure 21). In the end, this may come down to a difference in perception as to whether benchmarking implies simply obtaining benchmarking figures or whether the second element of striving to reach the benchmark should also be in place. Julie Mohr explains: “I get a lot of people that say they want to know what their peers are doing, but once they figure that out, they don’t base their decisions on it. They base their decisions on what’s right for them which is what they should do. Initially they perceive the value but then they don’t really use that information as a driver. They just want to know that they’re not so far behind the curve.”
25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Unspecified
To drive strategy
To keep To keep up internal with transparency competitors
Figure 20: Importance by reason ‐ IT managers
© Copyright 2008 by ITpreneurs Nederland B. V. All rights reserved
18 | P a g e
Attitudes Towards Benchmarking
Use of metrics by type 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
From best practices (COBIT, ITIL…)
Important to keep internal transparency
Home‐grown
Important to keep up with competitors
From other literature
Important to drive strategy
Provided by consultants
Nice to have but not essential
None
Not important Benchmarking is counterproductive
Consultants
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Figure 22: Use of metrics by type
IT Managers
Figure 21: Attitudes towards benchmarking
Best practice frameworks are most popular source for metrics A requirement for benchmarking is to use best practice metrics. To be able to compare themselves to peers, organizations first need to be able to provide metrics which can be compared with others in the industry. So it is worth taking a look at the source of the metrics that organizations are using to manage their IT performance (Cf. Figure 22). Encouragingly for benchmarking opportunities, 70% of IT managers say they use metrics from best practices. Sixty‐ four percent say they use home‐grown metrics. 42% of respondents in fact used both these types of metrics in combination. The main idea behind using metrics from best practices is to not re‐invent the wheel and use common industry metrics (sometimes slightly modified) wherever possible. But since every organization is unique, home‐ grown metrics are used where IT best practices do not provide sufficient guidance. This view is illustrated by Frank Buytendijk, VP Enterprise Performance Management (EPM) Strategy, Oracle, who says, “For day to day operations, there is absolutely no reason to build your own metrics. Simply use best practices. There is no reason why your organization should have a different metric for uptime of the internet connection. But for strategic differentiation you should come up with your own performance indicators as well because they’re unique to you. So don’t try to copy best practices there because then you’re driven toward complying with best practices instead of driven to be special.” Although the proportion of IT managers using metrics from best practices is high (70%), it is not necessarily a sign of maturity. Don Caniglia, a senior consultant at Jon Campbell & Associates, notes: “Organizations needs to define their own metrics that are appropriate for them. They can use the standards as a guide for what to consider, but there are too many organizations that look for shortcuts. When you’re [implementing IT performance management], I think a shortcut is bad. And the metrics, standards, baselines, can be shortcuts so if they are used without thought,”
Summary findings on maturity To summarize, the research reveals that IT managers and consultants are in agreement when assessing the maturity of organizations with respect to IT performance management. Eighty‐one percent of IT managers say they have already taken steps toward adopting IT performance management but recognize that there is still room for improvement in specific areas. IT operations and IT strategy are the areas on which organizations are focusing the most which reflects the desire to have a strategic approach to performance management combined with a more pragmatic one with IT operations. Secondly, we looked at specific signs of maturity in organizations such as having employees dedicated to collect data and presenting it for decision making, having business sponsor accountable for business initiatives or having procedures in place for looking at performance of past IT initiatives. Looking at this evidence confirms the prior self‐assessment done by participants: organizations are going in the right direction but there is still progress to be made in order to have the specific resources dedicated to performance management and more involvement from the business. Lastly, the use of serious external benchmarking in IT organizations is not yet prevalent. The widespread use of IT best practices as the basis of metrics, along with a positive attitude towards benchmarking, does create a positive outlook for this practice to grow in the future.
© Copyright 2008 by ITpreneurs Nederland B. V. All rights reserved
19 | P a g e THE HIGH COST OF FINDING INFORMATION
Tools used to report IT Performance
The following section describes which type of solutions IT organizations are currently using to manage their performance and look at how satisfied they are with their IT performance management tools.
Manual reporting (e.g. Excel) IT service management solutions (HP OpenView, BMC Remedy…)
Excel is still the main tool for managing IT performance
Business Intelligence (e.g. Cognos, Hyperion, BO)
The positive trends in the awareness of IT performance management and the degree of implementation might hint that specialized software tools are now making it easier to implement IT performance management. And although sophisticated tools are indeed popular, it is still surprising to see the widespread usage of Excel to report IT performance. Seventy‐six percent of IT managers say they still use Excel frequently for this purpose. This is compared to 67%, who say that they use IT service management solutions and 45% who have business intelligence tools in place. Part of the reason for the prevalence of Excel is that many tools are specially designed to measure only one specific area of IT and no one tool can provide the entire performance picture for the IT organization as a whole (Cf. Figure 23). Alan Nance, an executive at Tata Consultancy Services, highlights the issue: “A lot of companies have a wide variety of tools and a lot of sources for data. The problem is to get the information out of the toolset in a cost‐effective way. Even though they have all these tools, when push comes to shove and you ask them how they got a report, they will tell you: “We took some of this out of OpenView, some of this out of Cognos.” and I think that you’ll find that most of them are still using manual labor and spreadsheets to get the information. That’s why there is so much frustration: because companies are investing in lots of software and still doing a lot of things manually with spreadsheets.” The investment in sophisticated software tools shows a definite commitment by organizations to IT performance management and a specific level of maturity, but there does not yet seem to be a solution that eliminates manual reporting altogether or the need to combine multiple software tools to perform comprehensive measurement and reporting.
Internally developed software solution Service Level Management Monitoring Tools (Digital fuel, … We don’t use any tools to report IT performance Dedicated IT performance solution from external vendor 0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Figure 23: Tools used to report IT performance
IT Managers see cost as the main shortcoming of IT performance management tools When IT managers are asked how satisfied they are with the set of tools they are currently using to manage their IT performance, the poorest scores they give are around the cost of maintenance and implementation with 21% of IT managers ranking these two categories as “poor” (Cf. Figure 24). The overall value of tools also scores low with 48% of IT managers ranking it as “average”.
Tools' Satisfaction ‐ IT Managers 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Accuracy Presentation of information Effectiveness (getting the right data for decision‐making) Data collection Cost of implementation Overall value of tools Cost of maintainance
Good
Average
Poor
Figure 24: Tools’ satisfaction (IT managers) “Average” seems to be the word that best captures the general sentiment toward the mix of tools that © Copyright 2008 by ITpreneurs Nederland B. V. All rights reserved
20 | P a g e organizations employ. This is because the range of tools employed is wide and many IT managers say they use a combination of them to measure different IT aspects.
Top three shortcomings of client solutions (Consultants)
Consultants see data collection and presentation as the main shortcomings of IT performance management tools The shortcomings the most chosen by consultants regarding the IT performance measurement solutions of their clients are presentation of information (36%), difficulty of collecting data (31%) and ineffectiveness (31%). As seen previously, organizations are frequently using manual reporting to convey performance measures (Cf. Figure 23). For that reason, it is easy to imagine that collecting data and presenting information can be challenging because it is manual thus greatly time‐ consuming. Ineffectiveness refers to the fact that data collected doesn’t enable IT managers to take decisions based on facts because the data are not measuring the right things. It mostly blames the lack of understanding on the part of IT organizations of what to measure with the tools rather than the ineffectiveness of the tools themselves.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
Presentation of information Data collection Ineffectiveness (getting the right data for decision‐making) Accuracy Cost of implementation Cost of maintainance Overall value of tools
Figure 25: Top three shortcomings of clients’ solutions (Consultants) To sum up, IT managers and consultants don’t have the same concerns when talking about IT performance management tools. IT managers are unsatisfied with the cost of new and existing IT performance management tools and find the value of that mix of tools to be only average. On the other hand, consultants who are familiar with such tools see problems with getting data and turning the data into relevant and presentable and valuable information.
© Copyright 2008 by ITpreneurs Nederland B. V. All rights reserved
21 | P a g e TOWARD A HOLISTIC PICTURE Opening the “black box” mentioned earlier depends largely extent on the holistic view that CIOs and IT managers are able to achieve of their IT organizations. Given the general pessimism expressed by respondents to that question, how do they see their ability to obtain a clear view of IT performance? It turns out that a little less than half of IT managers (48%) have a holistic picture of how their overall IT is performing, but most say they need to put a lot of time and effort into achieving it. Only 6% really feel like they are getting an efficiently produced and concise picture. Given the prevalent use of Excel that continues despite the rise of IT service management solutions to measure IT performance (Cf. Figure 23), this finding is perhaps not so surprising. There is not yet a simple way to consolidate the various data sources into one concise report or dashboard. Consultants identify the same issue of dispersed and fragmented information, but are more negative about their clients’ ability or willingness to overcome it. Thirty‐six percent say organizations simply do not have a holistic picture while 49% feel they could if only they would be able to pull together all the data (Cf. Figure 26).
Overall Picture of IT Performance
Are you using a dashboard to report IT performance? 52% 36%
6%
3%
Yes, weekly
Yes, monthly
Yes, annually
No
Figure 27: Use of a dashboard Whether the dashboard makes it into the boardroom or not is still a virtual coin toss. Forty‐five percent of respondents who produce a dashboard say it does, 40% that it doesn’t (Cf. Figure 28). That could very well reflect the current struggle of IT and business to get onto the same page. Future studies will have to determine whether the trend is positive or if business and IT will continue their somewhat awkward relationship.
Is the IT performance dashboard presented at board meetings? I don't know 15%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Yes 45% Don’t have a clear picture
No 40%
Could have, but information is fragmented and dispersed over tools and reports
Do have, but a lot of effort goes into consolidating various reports into one view Have a holistic picture of overall IT performance
IT Managers
Consultants
Figure 26: Overall Picture of IT Performance
These results correspond to the practice of an IT performance dashboard within organizations — 55% of IT managers say they produce one at least on a monthly basis (Cf. Figure 27).
Figure 28: IT performance dashboard presented at board meeting An article from the Cutter IT Journal summarize the difficulty beyond the use of and IT performance dashboard: “Managing IT’s performance involves more than just slam‐ dunking a dashboard into place. It requires understanding which metrics are key to demonstrating value, working out the kinks with data and reports, addressing change management issues, and then — and only then — automating and summarizing results via a customized Business Intelligence ‐driven dashboard” (Cutter IT Journal, 2006).
© Copyright 2008 by ITpreneurs Nederland B. V. All rights reserved
22 | P a g e CONCLUSION IT performance management is on its way to become an integrated part of IT organizations. A lot of progress has been made in that sense for the past couple of years. However, there is still a lot of room for improvement in specific areas such as the standardization of systems and tools or the dialog between business and IT people. IT performance management is not something that organizations can implement within a short time frame, by following a set of rules and putting in place predefined measurements. It’s also not something that will come “magically” out of a tool. As Peter Hanselman puts it, “IT performance management is an art, not a science.” It requires careful preparation and planning. It starts by the definition of what is important to measure and what are the goals to be achieved. It then continues with the monitoring of progress toward these goals for continual improvement. Having a holistic and strategic approach to performance management will enable organizations to get a clearer picture of their overall IT performance and allow them to take decisions based on facts rather than gut feeling. Consequently, these decisions become more transparent to all stakeholders involved. Perhaps the quickest way to help IT performance management succeed is to recognize that every discipline in business should include some kind of performance management. As Frank Buytendijk, VP Enterprise Performance Management (EPM) Strategy, Oracle, puts it, “The biggest inhibitor of IT performance management is IT performance management. There is no such thing as IT performance management; there is just performance management” It may not be such a bad idea for organizations to accept a holistic approach to performance management, treating IT as an integrated part of the business and managing its performance along with the other activities of the organization. Finally, although many people agree with the analogy of IT as a black box, the degree to which this box will be opened going forward depends on the role that IT is meant to play within the organization: that of a strategic partner to the business or that of a supporting function? One of the most interesting perspectives on this comes from Dennis Bladergroen, “IT should be a black box. The business doesn’t need to understand what’s going on there, it should work – just like the engine in a car. The frustration of IT seems to be that they are successfully getting into the boardroom, but their position will always be one of support ‐ they’re never leading.“ Whether this vision or that of IT as a strategic partner actually materializes will determine how closely IT interacts with the business.
© Copyright 2008 by ITpreneurs Nederland B. V. All rights reserved
23 | P a g e NOTE ON THE AUTHORS Chloé Méary is an MBA candidate at the Rotterdam School of Management where she is following a Finance concentration. She received her Master in Engineering with a major in Systems Architecture and Integration from the École Polytechnique Féminine (France) in 2006. She has since been working as an IT Project Consultant for Total in Singapore where she analyzed and described technology trends among other activities. Chloé has an extensive international background, having lived in Singapore, the Netherlands, Cameroon, and Norway. Email:
[email protected] Oliver van de Merwe is an MBA candidate at the Rotterdam School of Management where he is following a Finance concentration. He received his Bachelors in Business from the University of Wake Forest, NC, in 2001. He has since worked as an IT Analyst and Process Engineer for CMA‐CGM, a French shipping company, in both the United States and France. Email:
[email protected]
Chloé Méary
Oliver van de Merwe
NOTE ON THE RESEARCH This report: ‘Trends in IT Performance Management’ presents the IT service management and IT governance domains with a snapshot of the current IT Performance Management state. The information provided in this report helps IT managers to realize if their IT performance management initiatives are on‐track and in line with what peers are doing. ‘Trends in IT Performance Management’ offers valuable knowledge to IT consultants as well. With this report, consultants are better equipped to support their customers in the area of IT performance management. ‘Trends in IT Performance Management’ is a Metricus Initiative. Metricus is an ITpreneurs solution designed to help organizations achieve clarity on the performance of IT and drive IT improvement initiatives. Would you like to use or copy anything from this report please provide a reference to Metricus (www.metricus.com).
© Copyright 2008 by ITpreneurs Nederland B. V. All rights reserved
24 | P a g e BIBLIOGRAPHY Cutter IT Journal. (2006, April). The CIO Dashboard and IT Performance Management. Cutter IT Journal . Gartner. (2006, October). Understand Performance Management to Better Manage Your Business. IT Governance Institute. (2007). COBIT 4.1. McKinsey & Company. (2005, Fall). What IT leaders do. Innovations in IT management . McKinsey & Company. (2002). Who's accountable for IT? The McKinsey Quarterly ‐ Special Edition: Technology .
© Copyright 2008 by ITpreneurs Nederland B. V. All rights reserved