Transport Innovation

GROUP MAMBER: YONG CHEA CHEE NABILAH NAJAH BT MOHD NASIR HALIMATUN BT ABDUL AZIZ FARIDATUL SAKINAH BT OTHMAN AZMIRAH BT MOHAMMAD LECTURER: PUAN NOR AZAN BT ABD.GANI

Transportation is design and used by human to travel or to move a things from one place to another place. There are three category of transport that is in the air, on the water, and land transport. The transport that shows up large innovation is railway transport.

History and invention of railway Railway transport is the conveyance of passengers and goods by mean of wheeled vehicles running along railways Roadway or Rut way The railways form from the roadway track. The use of roadway track is to provide the ruts and guide to the wheels and to prevent the cart from leaving the road line.

Tra 600 B.C. the roadway track has been innovate into traces. Which ces the human or animal ran in grooves that filled limestone. At this early century the main purpose use of traces and cart is to carry the goods, coal or stone from mines to waterways or port.

Wooden road way Wooden rail started to use as replacement to the traditional groove traces. The cart is with a hemp haulage rope and powered by human or animal. These early wood rail line were often built on privately owned land such as estate and mines owner.

Steel rails In late 1760s, the wooden rails surface began replaced by iron steel to because it’s surface more smooth and more easy rolling by wheel and requires less energy than road transport.

Wagon train A wagon is define as any of various kinds of wheeled vehicles drawn by an animal or a tractor. A wagon train is a group of wagons travelling together in a line. wheels of wagon were made of wood and strengthened with iron A wagon contained large water barrel, toolbox, and a canopy frame it is hauled by animal such as horse. People usually use wagon to transport goods to far distance places because wagon can load much more things compare to cart and it is fully animal powered.

Wagon train

-the first travel transport -fully powered by animal

-load much more goods compare to cart -the first commercial transport that allow human travel in for distance

-it is not consider fast enough although compare to cart

-human

have to guide the

animal.

-the road is uneven, rocky and soft this causes the wagon often turn over.

-animal

water and food need to be prepared.

-need to stop from place to place because animal need rest

History and invention of steam train The steam locomotive hauled a train along the tramway. The basic form of steam locomotive is boiler, steam circuit, chassis, running gear, fuel and water. The steel boiler is filled with water and surrounded by firebox. The steam powered locomotive doesn’t commercial because the technology at that time haven’t mature, it only can powered the train within few miles.

The first train that doesn’t require any human and animal power •Travel at a level of speed are more faster than animal’s powered wagon.

•More heavy loaded and long distance capability.

Less thermal efficiency than modern diesels

Required constant maintenance

•Required large scale of labor to keep steam engine operate.

In conclusion, the weak performance of steam engine, high maintenance and unstable of steam engine lead to human to seek for alternative to replace steam.

History Diesel powered mean that the use of diesel engine and diesel fuel to produce energy for railroad locomotive. In 1892, Dr. Rudolf Diesel patented the first compression ignition engine. How does diesel engine works The air is introduced into the combustion chamber and it will then compressed to become high compression heats air At this moment the fuel will be inject into the combustion chamber mixed with the high compression air. The heat of compressed air vaporizes the fuel until the vapor reaches ignition temperature and burn. The increase pressure of combustion gases above the piston then drives the piston downward. The piston will drive the wheel.

•The life of diesel engine is much more longer then steam engine.

•Diesel fuel is consider safer than steam engine.

•Diesel engine produce more horse power then steam engine.

Diesel engine produce a mono-carbon gas that dangerous to people

•Diesel fuel price is getting higher.

•Diesel engine are very loud and noisy.

oIn conclusion, although diesel-electric is the most suitable and powerful to train for long journey travel but it produce too much dark smoke(mono-carbon) and the engine is noisy. It is not suitable to use in city. Finally human invented the electric powered train.

Electric train was built by a Scotsman, Robert Davidson of Aberdeen in 1837 and powered batteries An electric train is a powered by electricity from an external source. Sources include overhead lines, third rail, or an on-board electricity storage device such as a battery or flywheel system.

•Electric train lack of pollution from engine train.

•Electrification also results in higher performance and maintenance costs. •Lower energy costs for electric train.

•Cost for infrastructure (overhead power lines or electrified third rail, substations, control systems)

Disadvantage of maglev

it is more costly to build the infrastructure compare to electric train infrastructure.

a large electrical power source is needed

the speed is too high that a small careless or small problem will cause serious injure and losses to human.

Advantage of maglev

travel in quiet

no engine is needed

light weight

no pollution

Magnetic levitation or maglev is a system of transportation that suspend can prop vehicles predominantly train using magnetic levitation for every large number of magnet for lift and momentum. The technology has potentials to accept 6400km/h . The

maglev transport use no wheel.

How maglev track produce a magnetic field A maglev track is full install with magnetized coil along the track, called a guide way, repels the large magnets on the train undercarriage. This magnetic field will float the train. With the certain technique change of polarity it will causes the magnetic field in front of train pull the train forward and the magnetic field behind will push the train forward

Train

is the most innovative and most revolution transport compare to other vehicle. Train

Low

nowadays as the important transport in human life.

cost transport, low cost maintenance, and high efficiency is the main benefits train bring to us.