Tokoh Pelayaran

TOKOH PELAYARAN ISLAM

ahmad zul fadhli bin abdul mujib

AL-MAS’UDI

Nama sebenar al-Mas’udi ialah Abu al-Hassan Ali bin Husayn bin Ali al-Mas’udi atau Abu Hassan ‘Ali bin al-Hasyn bin ‘Abdullah alMas’udi. Beliau dilahirkan di Baghdad, Iraq menjelang akhir abad ke-9M. Menurut buku ber-judul Al-Mas’udi and His World, alMas’udi dilahirkan pada tahun 283H/1895M di kota Baghdad iaitu berdasarkan pernyataan bahawa beliau perusia 20 tahun dalam tahun 303H/1915M. Beliau dilaporkan meninggal dunia di Fustat (Mesir) pada tahun 345H/1956M. Pernyataan ini sama dengan pernyataan dalam al-Dhahabi dan surat tulisan al-Musabihi yang menyatakan al-Mas’udi meninggal dunia dalam bulan Jamadilakhir 345H (sekitar 10 Sept.—10 Okt. 956M). Beliau berketurunan Arab iaitu keturunan ‘Abdullah bin Mas’udi seorang sahabat Nabi Muhammad (saw) yang dihormati.

Faktor-faktor yang Menggalakkan alMas’udi Belayar dan Menyelidik  Faktor

persekitaran, kawasan tanah Arab yang diliputi padang pasir yang luas menyebabkan mereka terpaksa menjalankan perjalanan atau pengem-baraan pada waktu malam bagi mengelak bahang kepanasan. Oleh itu mereka perlu menguasai ilmu astronomi, ilmu mengesan air, ilmu mengesan cuaca, ilmu mengesan kedudukan dan sebagainya bagi tujuan memudahkan perjalanan dan keselamatan. Demikian juga Semenanjung Tanah Arab yang terletak di antara jalan perdagangan yang utama antara timur dan barat. Oleh itu mereka perlu memiliki kemahiran belayar di lautan.

 Faktor

budaya, faktor pekerjaan (perdagangan), adat istiadat seperti ibadat haji yang memerlukan pengetahuan tentang kaji bintang bagi tujuan mengetahui arah. Demikian pula keperluan untuk hidup di padang pasir yang memerlukan kemahiran mengesan air, mengetahum kedudukan laut, tumbuh-an dan haiwan bagi tujuan pergerakan (arah dan kedudukan).

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Faktor nilai dan sikap, semasa zaman peradaban Yunani kuno aktiviti pelayaran dan geografi berada di tahap yang rendah. Akan tetapi setelah Islam bertapak kedua-dua bidang ini meningkat maju semula. Islam menggalakkan umatnya menjalankan penyelidikan bagi tujuan keharmonian antara iman dan akal. Malah Al-Quran adalah sebagai sumber inspirasi kerana ayat-ayat dalamnya banyak menyentuh tentang ilmu pelayaran dan juga ilmu geografi.

Hikayat pelayaran Al-Mas’udi   

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914m- memulakan pelayarannya dengan ke parsi 916- berlayar ke India Meneruskan pelayaran melalui Bombay, Deccan dan Sri Lanka serta belayar ke Indo-China dan negeri China. Dalam perjalanan pulang beliau singgah di Madagascar, Zanzibar, Oman dan sampai di Basrah. Dalam buku ini beliau menyebutkan beberapa buah tempat termasuk Semenanjung Tanah Melayu termasuk Kedah, Pahang dan Melaka. Ada mungkinan beliau sampai ke rantau ini sewaktu dalam pelayaran ke Lautan China. Sehingga 303H – mengunjungi Pantai Laut Kaspia dan berkelana menyusuni Asia Tengah dan Turkistan. Beliau juga mengunjungi Tibenias, dan sini beliau memperoleh kesan relief-relief gereja Kristian. Kemudian beliau pergi ke Gujerat (303H

Karya Al-Mas’udi   

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Muruj al-Dhahab wa Ma’adin al-Jawahir – berkenaan pengalaman di india Muruj al-Dhahab. Buku ini menceritakan tentang pengalaman peribadi beliau di pelbagai negara. Akhbar al-Zaman (cerita-cerita sejarah) - Dalam buku ini beliau menggabungkan ilmu geografi dengan sejarah dan mencerita-kan kehidupan masyarakat di negaranegara yang pernah dilawatinya Muruj al-Dhahab wa Ma’adin al-Jawahir.- pengalaman sepanjang pengembaraan Kitab al-Tanbih wa al-Ishraf. Dalam kitab ini beliau membuat penambahan dan melengkapkan karya-karya yang terdahulu.

 Beliau

dikenali oleh masyarakat Arab sebagai ‘Herodotus dan Plinius’ kerana membuat revolusi dalam ilmu sejarah.

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 batuta\journey

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Ibn Battuta travelled almost 75,000 miles in his lifetime. Here is a list of places he visited.                     

Morocco Tangier Fes Marrakech Algeria Tlemcen (Tilimsan) Miliana Algiers Djurdjura Mountains Béjaïa Constantine - Named as Qusantînah. Annaba - Also called Bona. Tunisia Tunis - At that time, Abu Yahya (son of Abu Zajaria) was the sultan of Tunis. Sousse - Also called Susah. Sfax Gabès Egypt Cairo Syria Damascus

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Latakia Arabian Peninsula Jeddah - A major port for pilgrims to Mecca. Mecca - The original plan of his journey was to pilgrimage to Mecca. Rabigh - Small city north of Jeddah on the Red Sea. Medina - Where Ibn Battuta visited the tomb of Muhammad at the Al-Masjid al-Nabawi. Oman Dhofar Bahrain Al-Hasa Strait of Hormuz

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Yemen Turkey and Eastern Europe Konya Antalya Bulgaria Azov Kazan Volga River Constantinople Libya Tripoli Pakistan and Central Asia Pakistan, its Punjab region (now in Pakistan and India)

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Khwarezm Khorasan Province Afghanistan) India Delhi Kozhikode Malabar Bangladesh Sonargaon Sylhet - Ibn Battuta met Muslim saint Hazrat Shah Jalal Yamani, commonly known as Shah Jalal here.

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Other places in Asia Burma (Myanmar) Maldives Sri Lanka - Known in his time as Serendip. Coromandel Coast- In India. Brahmaputra River - Ibn Battuta visited the area on his way to China. This place is in Bangladesh. Meghna River - Near Dhaka. Sumatra Malay Peninsula Philippines - Ibn Battuta visited the Kingdom of Sultan Tawalisi, arguably Tawi-Tawi, the country's southernmost province.

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China Quanzhou - as he called in his book the city of donkeys Hangzhou — Ibn Battuta referred to this city in his book as "Madinat Alkhansa" ‫مدينة الخنساء‬. He also mentioned that it was the largest city in the world at that time; it took him three days to walk across the city, which is huge even by today's standards. Beijing - Ibn Battuta mentioned in his journey to Beijing how neat the city was. Somalia Mogadishu East Africa Kilwa

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Mombasa Mali Timbuktu Gao Takedda Mauritania Oualata (Walata) During most of his journey in the Mali Empire, Ibn Battuta traveled with a retinue that included slaves, most of whom carried goods for trade but would also be traded as slaves. On the return from Takedda to Morocco, his caravan transported 600 female slaves, suggesting that slavery was a substantial part of the commercial activity of the empire. [20]

After returning from his travels in 1354 and at the instigation of the Sultan of Morocco, Abu Inan Faris, Ibn Battuta dictated an account of his journeys to a scholar named Ibn Juzayy, whom he had previously met while in Granada. This account, recorded by Ibn Juzayy and interspersed with the latter's own comments, is the only source of information on his adventures. The title of the manuscript ‫تحفة النظار في‬ ‫ غرائب المصار وعجائب السفار‬may be translated as A Gift to Those Who Contemplate the Wonders of Cities and the Marvels of Travelling but is often simply referred to as the Rihla ‫الرحلة‬, or "The Journey".

DATO AZHAR MANSOR

KAPAL LAYAR “JALUR GEMILANG”

FACTS FILE Perlis-born mariner Dato' Azhar Mansor was welcomed home today by more than 3,OOO people as he became the first Malaysian to sail solo round the globe and the first person ever to set a new solo west-east circumnavigation route. Azhar's successful completion of 21,600 nautical miles from Langkawi to Langkawi has been verified by the WSSRC in the United Kingdom.

As his RM2 million Jalur Gemilang yacht docked at the jetty adjacent to Awana Porto Malai, where theprime Minister first flagged him off on Feb 2, 1999,

ANOTHER WORLD RECORD After spending 30 days in the Falklands, a new 20meter long mast costing RM 150,000 was flown and fitted by a 17-man crew from the Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF). The flight, commanded by Lt-Kol Fadhil Sheikh Ahmad, also went down in history as the first Malaysian military aircraft to fly round the world. Azhar resumed the journey to complete the challenge from the Falklands on May 26, 1999.

Azhar said that his success was not just personal glory but an achievement that was shared by all Malaysians. "I hope my achievement will inspire younger generations in the years to come as it is proof to them that Malaysians are world achievers and can succeed in anything they do," he added.