Title Page For Research Proposal

Production of Thermoplastic Starch from Metroxylon sagu Rottb. (Sago) Starch

A Science Investigatory Project An Official Entry to the 2009 DepEd Intel Science Fair Division Level

Jem Cyrille J. Muca Vivien Mae L. Gorre Ellen Jane E. Arro

Daniel R. Aguinaldo National High School ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Utmost credit is given to Mr. Jim Boy Pasia, Research teacher, for extending his time and talent in spite of the abrasive demands of his administrative and academic duties in this school. This work would have been impossible had you not shared your expertise and wisdom in the field of this Research. A warm hug of thanks is given to Prof. Dulce M. Flores, PhD of University of the Philippines Mindanao College of Science and Mathematics for extending her time just to cater to our needs even if we’re not her students amidst the hustle and bustle of her research, administrative, and academic jobs. To Kuya Miguel of Department of Food Science and Chemistry, for offering his abilities just so we can speed up the development of our research projects. Big thanks is deserved by our classmates for their constant supply inspiration, encouraging us to always work for the best but always having time to have fun. Deepest gratitude is likewise offered to Mr. Felix Robert Valenzuela for tweaking his schedules just so they can offer guidance to us regarding our research. To Ms. Maila Basio, for letting us borrow her spring balance. To our family, especially our Father and Mother, our sisters and brothers—no words can suffice for our gratitude to you for all your selfless sacrifices and all the blessings in every circumstance. Finally, to our Almighty Father, who has bestowed upon us the strength to persevere in life amidst its harsh realities and difficulties in life, and for helping us to make our high school academic life productive and meaningful. This output would have been impossible without all your pooled efforts and contributions. You all certainly deserve the better things in life. Maraming salamat sa inyong lahat!

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TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study 1.2 Objectives of the Study 1.3 Hypothesis 1.4 Conceptual Framework 1.5 Scope and Limitation 1.6 Significance of the Study 1.7 Definition of Terms 1.8 Literature Review 1.8.1 Biodegradable Plastics 1.8.2 Starch-based Polymers 1.8.3 Thermoplastic Starch Materials 1.8.4 Starch 1.8.5 Sago Starch 1.8.6 Extrusion 1.8.7 Extrusion of Starch 1.8.8 Plasticizers 1.8.9 Plasticizer in Thermoplastic Starch Materials 1.8.10 Related Studies involving Sago Starch METHODOLOGY 2.1 Preparation of Materials 2.2 Preparation of Thermoplastic Sago Starch 2. 3 Testing of Tensile Strength 2.4 Biodegradability Test 2.5 Resistance to Water Disintegration 2.6 Statistical Analysis RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 The Extrudate 3.2 Physical properties of the TPS extrudates 3.3 Biodegradation of TPS 3.4 Resistance to Water Disintegration CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY

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1 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 7 8 13 15 17 17 20 21 22 24 24 25 26 27 27 29 29 31 33 33 35 37

LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1 2 3 4 5 6

TITLE Types of biodegradable plastics Production condition of the Thermoplastic sago starch sheets Observations on the TPS extrudates One-way Analysis of variance for the Mean Tensile strength at Break of the TPS Weight loss(%) of TPS samples after soil burial. Resistance of TPS extrudates to disintegration in water

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PAGES 5 24 29 31 33 34

LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1 2

TITLE Representative partial structure of (A), amylose And (B), amylopectin (Lifted from Chaplin, 2008) Schematic diagram of starch extrusion processing (Reprinted from

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Averous, 2004) 3

The improvised tensile strength testing setup: (A) actual testing setup,

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with inset showing a close-up view of the polymer attached to the iron clamp; (B) schematic diagram of the testing setup, with x as the length 4 5

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of the TPS sample. Sample of Compost Pile Thermoplastic starch extrudates. (A) 20% glycerol blend Extruded at 90°C; (B) 20% glycerol blend at 110°C; (C) 40% Glycerol blend extruded at 90°C; (D) 40% glycerol blend extruded at 110°C. The resistance to water disintegration setup.

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