Timer Based Solar Tracking System: Submitted By

TIMER BASED SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM Submitted By:

Guided By:

2. OBJECTIVE : The aim of our projects is to utilize the maximum solar energy through solar panel. For this a digital based automatic sun tracking system is proposed. This project helps the solar power generating equipment to get the maximum sunlight automatically thereby The aim of our project is to utilize the maximum solar energy through increasing of automatic the system. The solar the panel . efficiency For this a Digital based sun tracking system is solar panel tracks the helps automatically the solar power generating equipment to sun fromproposed. eastThis toproject west for maximum intensity of light. To

get the maximum sunlight automatically thereby increasing the fabricate a panel DC tracks motor interfaced with efficiency of theTo system. The solar thecontrol sun from east to west automatically for maximum intensity of light. fabricate a DC driver motor control interfaced with driver circuit. circuit

To construct a model prototype solar cell movement system with a mechanical assemble to move the panel from 180⁰ E to W. To design an electronic circuit to sense the intensity of light and to control DC motor driver for the panel movement. To construct an emergency light inverter circuit i.e. to operate tube light with the help of charged battery from the solar panel

Block Diagram

Component Used: Solar Panel Diodes Voltage Regulator 8051 series Microcontroller DC Motor Motor driver IC Software Requirements Keil compiler Languages: Embedded C

LED

LE D

Light Emitting Diode

Solar Panel .

Working of Solar Panel

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY

The solar photovoltaic array consists of an appropriate number of solar cells connected in series and or parallel to provide the required current and voltage. The array is so oriented as to collect the maximum solar radiation throughout the year.

Working of Solar Panel cont.. The solar energy can be directly converted into electrical energy by means of photovoltaic effect, i.e. conversion of light into electricity. Generation of an electromotive force due to absorption of ionizing radiation is known as photovoltaic effect. The energy conversion devices which are used to convert sunlight to electricity by use of the photovoltaic effect are called solar cells. Photovoltaic cells are made of semiconductors that generate electricity when they absorb light. As photons are received, free electrical charges are generated that can be collected on contacts applied to the surfaces of the semiconductors by separating electrons from their parent atoms and accelerating them across a one way electrostatic barrier formed by the function between two different types of semiconductor material.

Arduino UNO:

Features of Arduino UNO

4V 1 Ah DC Battery

Use of DC Battery The simplest means of storage on a smaller moderate scale is in electric storage batteries, especially as solar cells produce the direct electric current required for battery charging. The stored energy can then be delivered as electricity upon discharge.

Pin Diagram of 8051 Microcontroller



.

DESCRIPTION L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver integrated circuit (IC). In its common mode of operation, two DC motors

can be driven simultaneously, both in forward and reverse direction. The motor operations of two motors can be

controlled by input logic at pins 2 & 7 and 10 & 15. Input logic 00 or 11 will stop the corresponding motor. Logic 01 and 10 will rotate it in clockwise and anticlockwise directions, respectively. Enable pins 1 and 9 (corresponding to the two motors) must be high for motors to start operating. When an enable input is high, the associated driver

gets enabled

DC- MOTOR A DC motor is an electric motor that runs on direct current (DC) electricity. In any electric motor,

operation

is

based

on

simple

electromagnetism. A simple 2-pole DC electric motor (here red represents a magnet or winding with a "North"

polarization, while green represents a magnet or winding with a "South" polarization). Every DC motor has six basic parts -- axle, rotor

(a.k.a.,

armature),

stator,

magnet(s), and brushes.

commutator,

field

Advantages

Maximum Solar Power can be use. No need for changing orientation.

Disadvantages

In case system failure loss of power generation. Extra maintenance for motors.

Conclusion

In this project we track sun light in accordance with our panel movement by using DC motor and 8051 microcontroller, so that we are able get maximum amount of solar energy.

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