Thirty Years War

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The Thirty  Years  War The end of  the Holy  Roman  Empire  

 

Holy Roman Empire was actually several  hundred small states throughout Germany

 

 

 

 

• Princes of each  state elected a  ruler but they  had no real  power and  were subject to  the Hapsburgs  

 

• King Ferdinand  of Bohemia  (Czech  Republic) had  tried to  suppress  Protestants in  his state  

 

  Rebellious  Protestant  noblemen  tossed two  royal officials  out a castle  window in  Prague  

 

 

 

 

 

Ferdinand, the  Catholic  Hapsburg King  of Bohemia,  tries to  suppresses the  Protestants and  assert royal  power thereby  causing a revolt

This revolt (local conflict)  becomes a general European War 

 

 

• A year later Ferdinand is elected Holy  Roman Emperor • With support from Spain and Poland  (Catholic) he goes after Protestants all over  the Holy Roman Empire • Protestant Netherlands and Sweden send  troops to protect Protestants.  

 

 

 

The War • Terrible loss of life on both sides. • Mercenaries used on both sides. • Crops destroyed on purpose and by accident. • 1/3 of German civilians died.  

 

 

 

Peace at Last • Peace of Westphalia signed in 1648. • France gained lands in Germany and Spain. • Netherlands and Switzerland become independent. • Hapsburgs lose the Holy Roman Empire. • German states allowed to pick their own religion.  

 

Why Does it Matter? • Peace of Westphalia kept Germany weak and out  of power for the next 223 years. • Strengthened Protestantism all over Europe. • Got rid of the Holy Roman Empire.

 

 

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