The Thirty Years War The end of the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire was actually several hundred small states throughout Germany
• Princes of each state elected a ruler but they had no real power and were subject to the Hapsburgs
• King Ferdinand of Bohemia (Czech Republic) had tried to suppress Protestants in his state
Rebellious Protestant noblemen tossed two royal officials out a castle window in Prague
Ferdinand, the Catholic Hapsburg King of Bohemia, tries to suppresses the Protestants and assert royal power thereby causing a revolt
This revolt (local conflict) becomes a general European War
• A year later Ferdinand is elected Holy Roman Emperor • With support from Spain and Poland (Catholic) he goes after Protestants all over the Holy Roman Empire • Protestant Netherlands and Sweden send troops to protect Protestants.
The War • Terrible loss of life on both sides. • Mercenaries used on both sides. • Crops destroyed on purpose and by accident. • 1/3 of German civilians died.
Peace at Last • Peace of Westphalia signed in 1648. • France gained lands in Germany and Spain. • Netherlands and Switzerland become independent. • Hapsburgs lose the Holy Roman Empire. • German states allowed to pick their own religion.
Why Does it Matter? • Peace of Westphalia kept Germany weak and out of power for the next 223 years. • Strengthened Protestantism all over Europe. • Got rid of the Holy Roman Empire.