Vinod Krishnan.T.Y. (2004) In Tran Bang , thirty years after No.4 (In Malayalam)
Mathrubhumi Weekly Vol. 82
In Tran Bang, thirty years after The war ended in 1975 in Ho Chi Minh City, one of the most bombed cities of the world. No one is keen on talking about war except the former guerillas, from whose hands the Americans forces had to face the most humiliating defeat in their long history of aggression. They do not hesitate to speak of it, provided they get good listeners. There is nothing more exciting in Vietnam than listening to war stories from them. Sipping beer after beer at street sidecafes in Ho Chi Minh City and listening to their stories‐ I have had numerous such sessions. Quite often these sessions were with some of my colleagues who were one time guerrillas, “rehabilitated” by the Communist Party in academics*. I have spent hours listening to them. No book on Vietnam War would suffice for these narrations. But for the ordinary man dwelling in the city of seven million, the war has become history. In a city where the American dollar is as popular as it is in New York, where ‘America’ no more evokes anger, indifference to the recent past is logical. The cityscape filled with huge digital displays of Coke, IBM, Microsoft and Visa Card does not give much space for them to talk of war. They have not experienced the war as most of them are born after 1975. The city, formerly Saigon, capital of pro‐US South Vietnamese regime, no more looks like one that was once devastated by war. They know that the country has normalized its relationship with the US. They know that the US is soon going to be their most favored investor. They have seen the city authorities renaming the Museum of American War Crimes as War History Museum. But the people of Tran Bang, a small village lying fifty kilometers northwest of Ho Chi Minh City, have only war stories to tell a foreigner. Everyone there has lost someone in the war that lasted for twenty years. I was able to talk to many people in the village. Their stories of war were cold, unlike those from former guerrillas. The guerillas were actors while the people with whom I interacted in the village were just spectators, often mute. But no story of war would be complete without these anecdotes. June 5, 1972, Tran Bang. Government forces as well as communist guerrillas had set up positions. Battle lines had already been drawn. Most of the villagers had already moved to safer destinations to avoid causalities. Deserted houses had already been occupied by the guerrillas. But there were a few in the village, ready to take chances. They had
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already acquired the skill of living with war. Since 1965, since American forces landed in their country, they had been experiencing it, often from a distance, often very close. Gun shots and bombings seldom made them panic. War vocabulary ‐ mortars, shelling, firing, grenades, positioning‐ had already become a part of their day to day conversation. They were aware of the Ethics of war. Civilians would not be targeted, they were aware. But war works on a different rationale. They were aware of this too. Staying indoors at home was risky, for there was every chance of bombings. Best they could do was to take shelter at the makeshift prayer hall of the village temple. Proximity to their strange Cao Dai gods, ‐ which included Winston Churchill too ‐ they thought, would provide them better security. Reason had no space in the atmosphere filled with smoke, scream, gun shots and blood. The battle happening a few yards away from the shelter was continuous for three days and nights. Some at the shelter were praying for the victory of guerrillas, some of course, for the victory of the military. June 8th, 1972. Drizzling which started early in the morning had just stopped. In the smoke clad, blood smelling villages, unlike the previous three days, there were only erratic gun shots. Military operation against the National Liberation Guerrillas, nick named by the US army as Viet Congs, was successful it seemed. In the paddy fields and deserted houses, dead bodies of the guerillas, were still burning. No one bothered to count them. Only estimation was possible, unlike the case of military men. There were exact figures on causalities on their side. The deceased guerrillas were becoming a few among thousands of their comrades who lost their life in the most justified battle fought in the country. It was a joint action by US forces and South Vietnamese military. Successful operation demanded better coverage. CNN or BBC had no facility then to telecast the operation live. It was the seventies. Presspersons had just reached the village on invitation from the military. A wide international coverage would boost the morale of the American forces that were on the verge of defeat from Vietnamese communists. For the press invited to report the story, there was nothing exciting in Tran Bang. They had already done numerous such stories. Unlike the early days of war, reports on Vietnam War seldom came in the front pages of their news papers abroad. But still for some, it was a break from days and nights of gossips, imported wine and pretty local women. Afternoon‐ the same day. The atmosphere was still smoke clad, like previous days and nights. The people at the shelter, mostly old and children were watching the movement of military in combat uniforms. It seemed the battle was over. Sporadic gunshots in the air by the military were obvious signs of their victory over the guerrillas. Villagers were hurrying to reach home, to assess the aftermath of the battle. They had just expressed their gratitude to the temple priest for giving them shelter for three days. 2
But soon things were taking a different turn. A low flying warplane ‐ possibly by accident ‐ was shelling napalm bombs in the temple compound. Horrified by the sight of fire falling from the sky – a “spectacular” feature of napalm bombs –, people had started running out of the prayer hall. ‘Children first’, someone was shouting. But the villagers were not aware of the American war rule: Those running while air raid is on should be assumed to be fleeing Viet Congs, no matter whether they are children or adults. Bombings in such cases are justified. The pilot of the American warplane was committed to this unwritten rule. From low flying warplane, he was able to see people – mostly children – running out from the temple compound. He did nothing except what was expected to be done. Bomb the fleeing! Fire, smoke and screams everywhere. Smell of charred bodies. Presspersons were numb. They had never experienced such a horrifying incident in their reporting history. An old woman carrying the dying body of a small baby caught the attention of all. Shots after shots captured this painful sight. No one cared about the dead, for dead were expressionless. And every cameraman was focusing on that old woman. Nick Ut, Associate Press photographer, one among the dozen of pressmen there at the site thought it was his best shot to convey the tragedy which his country had been witnessing for the past few years. It would have been the most frightening pictures of the war he had ever taken, had he not taken the next shot. His next shot, of screaming children fleeing napalm attack, was capturing not just one evil of one war, but evil of every war. The picture was printed prominently next day on front pages of all news papers internationally , unveiling the most tragic part of Vietnam war that determined the conscience of last generation. The subject, the girl in the picture, was becoming the most powerful anti‐war expressions of the generation to come. The photograph which won the Pulitzer Prize the same year remains the most reproduced war photograph of our times….. Thirty years and nineteen days after that incident I was in Tran Bang, in the exact location from where that famous war photograph was taken. Travel guides on Vietnam do not talk of this village. War monuments in Vietnam bring dollars, but no tour operator in Ho Chi Minh City, Paris of the East, has included Tran Bang in their itinerary. But I knew this once‐anonymous village from the brilliantly written biography of Kim Phuc, The Girl in the Picture, by Denise Chong, a Canadian woman 3
journalist. I knew I would not meet the girl in Tran Bang. The ‘formerly adopted daughter’ of the Communist Party of Vietnam, had already defected to Canada after becoming one of the strongest critics of Vietnamese government. But I had others to meet in the village. I had already made an appointment with Tam ‐ Phan Thanh Tam ‐ , the screaming boy in the picture running ahead of Kim Phuc. It was her brother. The vegetation of countryside looked exactly the same as some village in Palakkad. Paddy fields and palm trees. Tracing the house of ‘the boy’ was not very difficult. Everyone knew Tam. He was waiting for me at the soup shop, seldom visited by any customer. He didn’t have any resemblance ‘to the boy in the picture’. But still I was sure it was him. “Tam?” I asked. I was right. An extremely friendly gesture led me inside. A woman and two cute girls, curious to see the morning visitor to that small soup shop, too, joined me. They were his wife and children. Soon another two also joined us. It was his brother Ngoc and Dao, the keeper of the Cao Dai temple where the villagers were taking shelter when the tragedy happened. Both were there at the spot when the napalm horror occurred, but not caught by any camera. They all were talking about the tragedy. Tam was narrating to me the event that happened on July 8th 1972. Of course I knew about that day from The Girl in the Picture. But hearing it from Tam was a different experience. His brother Ngoc and Dao, the keeper of the temple were adding footnotes to Tam’s story. He was telling me about the old lady who was carrying the charred body of a baby, referring to the frame that was shot by Nick Ut, just before the famous photograph of the screaming children. That old lady was his grandmother Tao. The baby in her hand was Danh, son of his mother’s sister. Danh was just three then. Tam was twelve years. A few minutes before the incident, Tam was saying, he was playing with his chubby little cousin. Footnotes were again added by Ngoc. Danh had another younger brother, Cuong. Injured severely by Napalm attack, the baby of nine months died a few days later. Tam himself had injuries, but not as severe as his sister Kim Phuc, the girl in the picture. Tam had a lot to tell about his sister Kim Phuc. He said how she was taken to Saigon by Nick Ut for treatment, how the girl, still anonymous then, was located by Vietnamese government for its Anti‐Us propaganda, how she was adopted by the Communist Party and sent to Cuba for higher studies. He was also saying what made Kim a critic of the Government and she and her Communist lover to defect to Canada. He was also saying why the most famous war pictures from Vietnam – an enlarged copy of it was in the Museum of American War Crimes in Ho Chi Minh City ‐ was removed just because the subject became a critic of government. Since 1993, for a long time, no communication with Kim was allowed by the government. Since her defection to the West, the whole family was under strict surveillance by the local party for a long time. Though theoretically Socialist, the gap between rich and poor is no way much different in Vietnam than from India (or even from China!!!). Tam belongs to the second category of the two. His soup shop hardly brings any return to him. Half of 4
his residence‐cum soup shop has been demolished for widening the road. The only steady income the family has is the 40 dollar salary his eldest daughter gets working as a sales girl in a shop nearby. She had to drop out of school to earn for the family and for the school education of her two younger sisters. The case of Ngoc, his elder brother also was not very different. Tam and Ngoc, who in their teens were part‐time couriers for the guerillas hiding in the village, do not have any regards for the Communist Party now. When the conversation touched the Party, they were cautious. Perhaps they were not sure of my intentions! But I could read between the lines. Free flow of words continued for hours, often interrupted by “footnotes” from Ngoc and Dao. While parting, I had to give Tam a memento. An interview of his sister Kim Phuc, the girl in the picture, that came out in Mathrubhumi of September 15, 2002. I had been keeping it with me, assuming that one day I would give it to the people of Tran Bang. I had to translate the whole text to Vietnamese, of course with the help of my interpreter. They were hearing about the girl in the picture, who now runs Kim Phuc Foundation, a US based organization that supports child victims of war internationally, after a long gap from a newspaper published from a place lying exactly three thousand, three hundred and thirty three kilometers west of Tan Bang! *
I was working on Champa, an ancient “shivite” kingdom that ruled Vietnam from 2nd to 15th century, in collaboration with academics at Institute of Social Sciences & Humanities in Ho Chi Minh City, a government run research organization in Vietnam.
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