Thesis An Analysis On The Extent Of The Implementation Final Proposal Dec 2018.docx

An Analysis on the Extent of the Implementation of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003) of the Selected Barangays in the City of Paranaque, Metro Manila, 2018- 2019.

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE APPROVAL SHEET

i

CERTIFICATE

ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

iii

ABSTRACT I.

Introduction

iv-v 2-8

Background of the Study

2-3

Statement of the Problem

3-4

Conceptual Framework

4-5

Significance of the Study

5

Scope and Limitation

6

Definition of Terms II. RELATED LITERATURE III. METHODOLODY Research Design Population and Sample Size Data Gathering Procedure Data Analysis

6-8 9-19 20-24 20 20-23

23 23-24

IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

25-50

V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

51-56

Summary

51-53

Conclusion

53-54

Recommendation

54-55

REFERENCES

56-58

APPENDICES

59-96

Appendix I- Interview Guide for the Respondents on Barangay Level

59-60

Appendix II- Interview Guide for the Respondents on local government unit

61-62

Appendix III- Sample Letter to Barangays

63

Appendix IV- Sample Letter to City Environment and Natural Resources Office 64 Appendix V- Receiving Copy of Letters to the City Government and Barangay

65-68

Appendix VI- Certified True Copy CENRO Accomplishment Report 201269-85 Appendix VII- Curriculum Vitae

86-94

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to extend their appreciation especially to the following:

To their Thesis Adviser, ____________, for her continuous support, patience, motivation, enlightenment and for sharing her immense knowledge to the Researchers. Her guidance helped the researchers in writing of their Thesis. The researchers could not imagine what the research would be if not because of their dear adviser. Thank you.

To their Research and Thesis Writing Professor, _______, Professor _________ and all of their professors and mentors for the encouragement, insights, comments, values and for the shared learning experience. Thank you.

This Thesis would not have materialized if not because of the ideas, insights. ________ gave the researchers a vivid picture leading them to work on this thesis especially when the researchers were in that state of great need and desperation. Thank you. To all of the researchers’ friends who Aristotle classify into three (3); utility, pleasure and nobleness of character, you know in what class you’re in. Thank you for the life worth experience. Deep appreciation is also expressed to the researchers’ respective parents and families. This Research is ours. Thank you.

4

Of course, this project would not have been possible without the participation of the subjects. To CENRO officials representing the LGU of the City of Paranaque and officials of their selected barangays for accommodating and providing them with necessary data and information. Thank you. Lastly, we thank the Almighty God for the wisdom and perseverance that has been bestowed upon them in carrying our identity of Faith, Service and Communion.“I can all do things with Him who gives me strength” (Philippians 4: 13). We made this happened!

5 ABSTRACT Name of Institution: Address: Title: An Analysis on the Extent of the Implementation of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003) of the Selected Barangays in the City of Paranaque, Metro Manila, 2018- 2019. Proponents: Date Started: December 2018 Date Completed: March 2019 The study focused on the extent of the implementation of Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003) of the Selected Barangays in the City of Paranaque, 20132016 in terms and presence of the City Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO),

Solid

Waste

Management

Board

(SWMB),

1O-year

Solid

Waste

Management Plan, Materials Recovery Facility and Final Disposal Area. Problems encountered and interventions made by the city and barangay government were also the focus of this study. Descriptive-qualitative method of research was used with open ended type of questions was utilized as an interview guide to the Local Government Unit of the City of Paranaque represented by CENRO and officials of selected barangays of the City of Paranaque. Conclusions showed that RA 9003 has been fully

implemented in the City of Paranaque, the need and importance of multilateral cooperation between the local government unit, barangay, residents, civic and nongovernmental organizations plays a vital role in the success of programs implemented by the LGU or barangay in observing proper solid waste management practice. Since there have been problems encountered by the city government and barangay, it can be concluded that successful waste reduction, establishment of Environment and Natural Resources Office, Solid Waste Management Board, 10 year Solid Waste Management Plan, Materials Recovery Facility or Materials Recovery System and the sustainability of the local government and barangay programs are important in studying on the extent of the implementation of the solid waste management policy in the City of Paranaque. Considering these conclusions, it hereby recommends that the City of Paranaque rshould come up with a plantilla or organizational structure of its CENRO which has four (4) divisions namely; Administrative Division, Parks and Playgrounds Division, Natural Resources Operating Division and Environmental and Waste Management Division for that proper division of responsibilities within the Office. The LGU should have a deeper analysis and study in formulating and making policies and implementing programs and projects concerning solid waste management. Taking into consideration the importance and the possibility of coming up with linkages and multilateral cooperation between the programs and policies of local and foreign governments, local and multinational civil and non-governmental organization in addressing the issue on solid waste management. Strong and unwavering political will and eagerness of the local leaders and residents to comply with RA 9003 is needed to create a culture among its residents in terms of recycling, waste reduction, proper waste management practice and maintenance of cleanliness

and

sanitation

in

the

City

of

Paranaque.

CHAPTER I Introduction

Background of the Study Solid waste management is one of the most serious problems in urban communities and developing countries like the Philippines despite legislative efforts and existence of different laws, programs and policies governing such. The relentlessness of the garbage problem in the country has been recognized by the government and to address this, it created the most comprehensive piece of legislation which is the Republic Act (RA) 9003 or also known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. The Republic Act No.9003 became a law on January 26, 2001 signed by the former President Gloria Macapagal - Arroyo. It was the first bill enacted in President Arroyo’s term right after the EDSA II. RA 9003 is considered to be the most comprehensive piece of legislation in dealing with the garbage problem of the country which assigns the major task of implementation and enforcement to Local Government Units. The importance of minimizing waste by using techniques such as recycling, resource recovery, reuse, and composting are the main concern of this act.

The

Republic Act No. 9003 also known as the Philippine Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 gives the official framework for the country’s organized, comprehensive, and environmental/ecological solid waste management program. The law must ensure protection of public health and the environment in general. It obliges the different local government units all over the country the need to create the

necessary programs and pursue the citizens to practice an effective solid waste management (RA 9003). Solid waste shall refer to all discarded household, commercial waste, nonhazardous institutional and industrial waste, street sweepings, construction debris, agricultural waste, and other non-hazardous/non-toxic solid waste (RA 9003) these all refer to municipal solid waste (LGSP, 2003). Due to the rapid population growth rate, urban migration and economic development in the Paranaque City, the researchers see the importance of the implementation of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003) among local government units (LGUs). The importance of Solid Waste management is directly addressed to public health, maintenance of a clean environment, resource management and utilization and assurance of human development (CDRP/DLSUD, 2011). As the world moves toward into its urban future, the amount of solid wastes being produced by municipalities (MSW) is growing faster than urbanization. Total amount of producers increased about 3 billion residents generating 1.2 kg per person per day (1.3 billion tonnes per year). By 2025 this will likely increase to 4.3 billion urban residents generating about 1.42 kg/capita/day of municipal solid waste (2.2 billion tonnes per year) (What a Waste – A Global Review of Solid Waste Management, Daniel Hoornweg and Perinaz Bhada-Tata, March 2012). In totality, this study tries to give insights about the extent of implementation in relation to Solid Waste Management for it shows the role of the government and the involvement of the community in the implementation of RA 9003 in the City of Paranaque from 2013to 2016.

Statement of the Problem This study shows the extent of implementation of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003) in the City of Paranaque from 2013 to 2016. Specifically, the following questions were answered: 1. What is the Demographic profile of the respondents in selected barangay of San Antonio and Marcelo Green? 1.1 As to Gender; and 1.2 As to Educational attainment. 2. What is the extent of the implementation of RA 9003 in the City of Paranaque in terms of

the presence of:

1.1.City Environmental and Natural Resources Office (CENRO) 2.2. Solid Waste Management Board (SWMB) 3.3. 10 year Solid Waste Management Plan 3.4. Material Recovery Facility 3.5 Final Disposal Area 3. What are the problems encountered by the City Government of Paranaque in the implementation of RA 9003 from 20013 to 2016? 4. What are the interventions made by the City Government of Paranaque in addressing the problems from 2013 to 2016?

Theoretical Framework

Waste mismanagement has serious environmental effects making the passage of the Republic Act (RA) 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 a landmark environmental legislation in the Philippines. The law was crafted in response to the looming garbage problems in the country. A 9003 declares the policy of the state in adopting a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste management program that ensures the protection of public health and the environment and the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adoption of best environmental practices. Moreover, it illustrates the potentials and benefits of recycling not only in addressing waste management problems but also in alleviating poverty. 5

RA 9003 describes solid waste management as a discipline associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing, and disposal of solid wastes. The manner by which these activities are conducted shall be in accord with the best principles of public health, economics, engineering, conservation, aesthetics, and other environmental considerations, and public attitudes. The Act provides for a comprehensive ecological solid waste management program by creating the necessary Institutional mechanisms and incentives, appropriating funds, declaring certain acts prohibited, and providing penalties.

Conceptual Framework Research Paradigm: Input

Process

Output

1. What is the Demographic profile of the respondents in selected barangay of San Antonio and Marcelo Green? 2. What is the extent of the implementation An Analysis on Extent

of RA 9003 in the City of Paranaque in terms of the presence of:

Interview

Or Ecological Solid Waste

2.1City Environmental and Natural Resources

Management Act of 2000 of

Office (CENRO) 2.2. Solid Waste Management Board (SWMB)

Implementation of RA (9003)

Selected Barangays in Questionnaire

Paranaque City, 2018-1019

2.3 10 year Solid Waste Management Plan 2.4 Material Recovery Facility 2.5 Final Disposal Area

3. What are the problems encountered by the City Government of Paranaque in the implementation of RA 9003 from 2007 to 2012?

4. What are the interventions made by the City Government of Paranaque in addressing the problems from 2007 to 2012?

Figure 1: In this study the researchers assessed the extent of implementation of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003) in the City of Paranaque The Extent of the implementation of RA9003 in the City of Paranaque is manifested using five (5) criteria; presence of City Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO), Solid Waste Management Board (SWMB), 1O year Solid Waste Management Plan, Materials Recovery Facility and Final Disposal Management. Furthermore the problems encountered on the implementation of RA 9003 as well as the interventions made were also determined.

Significance of the Study Local Government Units. This study will give insights to Local Government Units (LGUs) in formulating and making policies and implementing programs and projects concerning solid waste management. Community. This study will give perception to the community about solid waste management and it will raise their level of awareness and their role on the implementation of RA 9003 that will bring about success of the program. Academe. This study serves as a reference for the enhancement of the curriculum that will help the university in teaching the students about Solid Waste Management. Civic and Non-Governmental Organizations. This study will give necessary information to NGOs about the current waste management practices and strategies of the City of Paranaque. NGOs can be dependable partner of LGUs in raising people’s awareness on proper solid waste management. NGOs can also provide technical assistance and support in running roots- level activities related to solid waste management.

Scope and Limitation The researchers wanted to assess the extent of the implementation of RA 9003 in Paranaque City because of its location that serves as the catch basin of the Paranaque. The City of Paranaque is identified as the “catch basin” because the river of Paranaque is flowing all the way from upland region of the province and ends up in the boundary of Pasay and Taguig carrying tons of garbage daily. It has been chosen the focus of this study also because of its strategic location for urban migration, economic

development and strong political will of the local leaders in the implementation of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (Socio Economic Profile http://www. paranaque.gov.ph) The study looked into the extent of the implementation of RA 9003 in the City of Paranaque from 2018 to 2019. The study is limited only on the assessment of the extent of the programs and policies made by the Local government of Paranaque in response to the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003). The RA9003 also mandates a plan to implement a solid waste management in the local government level. This will be materialized through a Ten-year Local Government Solid Waste Management Plan (RA9003). In line with this, the study will also look on the presence of Waste Management Board, Materials Recovery Facility and Final Disposal Area in the City of Paranaque. The study is limited to the City of Paranaque and the 2 selected barangays only and does not include other cities and municipalities of the Province of Paranaque. The target of this study is 2 barangay respondents out of 16 barangays of the City of Paranaque.

Definition of Terms City Environmental and Natural Resources Office (CENRO) A designated office in the Local.

Government Unit under the Office of the City Mayor which

addresses the problems and issues on environment and natural resources of the locality. Ecological Solid Waste Management. A way of handling waste to reduce its amount to the barest

minimum and recovering discarded materials for reuse,

recycling or composting. Final Disposal Area. A more sanitized and better managed disposal facility but more expensive to put up and maintain. A plastic or clay liner separates the waste from the soil to prevent seepage of liquid into ground water. The dumped waste is spread by bulldozers, sprayed with deodorizers, covered with soil and planted with grass. Materials Recovery Facility (MRF). Is a facility designed to receive, sort, process and store

compostable and recyclable materials efficiently and in an

environmentally sound matter. Republic Act 9003 otherwise known as The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. The most comprehensive piece of legislation in dealing with the garbage problem of the country which assigns the major task of implementation and enforcement to Local Government Units. The importance of minimizing waste by using techniques such as recycling, resource recovery, reuse, and composting are the main concern of this act.

Solid Waste Management Board. A local board that prepares, submits and implements a solid waste management plan for the safe and sanitary management of solid wastes generated in areas under its geographic and political coverage (RA 9003 and its IRR, 2001). Ten-year Solid Waste Management Plan. A long term plan to implement a Solid Waste Management Plan in the local government level. The plan shall give emphasis on the implementation of re-use, recycling and composting programs while identifying the wastes which cannot be re-used or, recycled or composted (RA 9003 and its IRR, 2000). Problems. This pertains to the issues and difficulties experienced by the City of Paranaque from 2007 to 2012 on the implementation of RA 9003. Interventions. This pertains to the immediate solution made by the City of Paranaque in response to the problems encountered on the implementation of RA 9003 from 2015 to 2018.

CHAPTER II Review of Related Literatures Foreign literature According to John A Connolly; Sandra E Stainback.The Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965 (Public Law 89-272, Title II) and its amending legislation, the Resource Recovery Act of 1970 (Public Law 91-512, Title I), authorize collection, storage, and retrieval of information relevant to all aspects of solid-waste management. As part of this effort, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's solid-waste management program is updating the "Refuse Collection and Disposal Annotated Bibliography" series, initiated during the early Federal efforts in the 1940's. The present bibliography has been abstracted and is arranged in categories corresponding to the various administration, engineering, and operational phases of solid-waste management. Indices include subject, corporate author, author, and geographical location cited. Addresses of periodical sources are provided in an index. The literature represented does not include all the solid-waste literature published in 1964; 107 periodical and 109 no periodical titles covering both foreign and domestic literature were screened for inclusion. No effort was made to separate strictly technical material from that which is more general. (JP)

Local literature

According to Senator Loren Legarda, principal author and sponsor of RA 9003 and Chair of the Senate Committee on Environment and Natural Resources Solid waste shall refer to all discarded household, commercial waste, non-hazardous institutional and industrial waste, street sweepings, construction debris, agricultural waste, and other non-hazardous/non-toxic

solid

waste.

Solid waste management shall refer to the discipline associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing, and disposal of solid wastes in a manner that is in accord with the best principles of public health, economics,

engineering,

conservation,

aesthetics,

and

other

environmental

considerations, and that is also responsive to public attitudes. Ecological solid waste management shall refer to the systematic administration of activities which provide for segregation at source, segregated transportation, storage, transfer, processing, treatment, and disposal of solid waste and all other waste management

activities

which

do

not

harm

the

environment.

Article 4 Recycling Program Section 26 of R.A 9003 Inventory of Existing Markets for Recyclable Materials. The DTI shall within six (6) months from the effectively of this Act and in cooperation with the Department, the DILG and other concerned agencies and sectors, publish a study of existing markets for processing and purchasing recyclable materials and the potential steps necessary to expand these markets. Such study shall include, but not be limited to, an inventory of existing markets for recyclable materials, product standards for recyclable and recycled materials, and a

proposal, developed in conjunction with the appropriate agencies, to stimulate the demand for the production of products containing post-consumer and recovered materials. Disposal shall refer to the discharge, deposit, dumping, spilling, leaking or placing

of

any

solid

waste

into

or

in

a

land.

Section 25 of R.A 9003.Guidelines for Transfer Stations. Transfer stations shall be designed and operated for efficient waste handling capacity and in compliance with environmental standards and guidelines set pursuant to this Act and other regulations: Provided, that no waste shall be stored in such station beyond twenty-four (24) hours. The sitting of the transfer station shall consider the land use plan, proximity to collection area, and accessibility of haul routes to disposal facility. The design shall give primary consideration to size and space sufficiency in order to accommodate the waste for storage and vehicles for loading and unloading of wastes. RELATED STUDIES Foreign studies This study reveals that the present system of MSWM in Mysore city in India is not satisfactory based on Municipal Solid Waste Management & Handling Rules 2000 (Chandra, et al., 2009). A detailed investigation was made regarding the methods of practices associated with sources, quantity generated, collection, transportation, storage, treatment and disposal of Municipal solid waste in Mysore City. The data concerning to SWM in Mysore was obtained through questionnaire, individual field visit, interacting with people and authentic record of municipal corporation. Photographic evidences were also made about generation, storage, collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of MSW.

1 6

Another case study across North America conducted by Holistic Environmental Consulting (WEC, 2007), yard and food waste make up over a quarter of all the ordinary garbage we throw away. That's 25% by weight. In the U.S., that 25% is almost equally divided between yard waste (32.6 million tons, or 12.8% of all MSW) and food scraps (31.7 million tons, or 12.5%). And then there's all the other organic stuff that could be composted: all the clothing, towels, and bedding made of organic fibers, plus wood, old furniture and sawdust. Then there's paper, which at 83 million tons accounts for another 30% of municipal solid waste. As of 2006, the latest year for which figures are available, over 64% of the yard waste we throw away was recovered and composted, as was 54.5% of the paper and cardboard. Only 2.6% of food waste reached a compost heap. Local studies The study was conducted in Bacolod City, Philippines in 2007. The findings of this study served as basis in developing a handbook on solid waste management (Ballados, 2010).The experiences and practices of household waste management of people in a barangay (village) in Manila, Philippines are documented. The data were gathered through an interview with household members using open-ended questions. Interviews were also conducted with garbage collectors as well as scavengers. Results showed that the households generated an average of 3.2 kg of solid waste per day, or 0.50 kg/capita/day. The types of wastes commonly generated are food/kitchen wastes, papers,

PET

bottles,

metals,

and

cans,

boxes/cartons,

glass

bottles,

cellophane/plastics, and yard/garden wastes. The respondents segregate their wastes into PET bottles, glass bottles, and other waste (mixed wastes). No respondents

perform composting. It is worth noting, however, that burning of waste is not done by the respondents. The households rely on garbage collection by the government. Collection is done twice daily, except Sundays, and household members bring their garbage when the garbage truck arrives. However, there are those who dump their garbage in non-designated pick-up points, usually in a corner of the street. The dumped garbage becomes a breeding ground for disease-causing organisms. Some household respondents said that it is possible that the dumping in certain areas caused the dengue fever suffered by some of their family members. Mothers and household helpers are responsible for household waste management. Scavengers generally look for recyclable items in the dumped garbage. All of them said that it is their only source of income, which is generally not enough for their meals. Most of the respondents said that garbage collection and disposal is the responsibility of the government. The results of the study showed that RA 9003, also known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, is not fully implemented in Metro Manila (Bernardo, 2008). This study highlights the results of the study that was conducted to analyze the solid waste management practices of the waste generators, and the extent of their compliance with the Republic Act 9003, otherwise known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. The Motiong town government in Samar has vowed to intensify the implementation of its Solid Waste Management Program after barangay chairmen here took at one-day seminar-workshop on the program. The activity was held at the Legislative Building here last Wednesday, August 29.Motiong Mayor Francisco M. Langi Sr. said 30 barangay chairmen of his municipality attended said seminar-workshop sponsored by the town

government

conducted

Municipal

Planning

and

Development

Officer,

Engr.

NicasioPermejo. Langi said all the barangay chairmen were educated on the provisions of the Solid Waste Management Act of 2003 so that they would be acquainted with and help implement the law in their respective barangay’s and propagate environmental preservation. He said the town government will strictly implement the “no segregation, no collection policy” in all of Motiong’s barangays and urged the barangay officials to put up a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) where they can segregate bio-degradable and non-biodegradable waste materials. Such materials can be turned into a livelihood as, according to Langi, “there is money in junk” (Abrematea, 2012).

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003) Solid waste is one of the country's major issues confronting the community and the local government units. The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (Republic Act 9003) declares the adoption of a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste management program as a policy of the State. Adopts a community-based approach. Mandates waste diversion through composting and recycling (Uriarte, 2010). The law took effect in February 15, 2001, various local governments units throughout the country have adopted and created ordinances in accordance with the framework provided in RA 9003 like the Solid Waste Management Plan (SWMP) which asks LGUs to prepare, create and implement a 1O year SWMP. In addition, Barangays are also mandated to the 100% collection of biodegradable and reusable wastes, establish Materials Recovery Facility whether as a sole barangay or cluster of barangays and to conduct information and education campaigns within their jurisdiction (RA 9003). RA 9003 calls for the institutionalization

of a national program that will manage the control, transfer, transport, processing and disposal of solid waste in the country (Orcullo, 2010).

In line with these various

researches, reports, news articles, journals and books are published regarding on the assessment on the implementation of RA 9003, case studies, success stories, perceptions/ knowledge/participation/attitudes of the people and the local government and their practices of solid waste management in the country.

Extent of the implementation of RA 9003 In Davao City (www.davaocity.gov.ph), the Office of the City Environment and Natural A resource (CENRO) was created by virtue of Executive Order No. 6 signed by the City Major, Hon. Rodrigo R. Duterte, on February 12, 1993. Seven years before the ratification of RA 9003. Davao City was able to address the issues and concerns in the environment and natural resources thru this Office. CENRO’s goals and objectives are to ensure that Davao City remains clean and green, promotes proper management and utilization of its natural resources, and implements mitigating measures to prevent and control Land, Air and Water Pollution in coordination with government agencies and non-governmental organizations. Within the context of a balance ecology. The CENRO of Davao City has 4 Divisions namely; Administrative Division, Parks and Playgrounds Division, Natural Resources Operating Division and lastly, Environmental and Waste Management Division. Environmental and Waste Management Division is mandated to the design & implementation on effective Environmental Waste and Management System including Solid Waste Collection and Disposal, to conduct regular monitoring and inspection of different industrial and business establishment, design pollution and waste

management awareness program and design, improve and develop existing land fill area of the City Government. Section 12 of RA 9003 requires each city or municipality to form a City or Municipal Waste Management Board that shall prepare, submit and implement a plan for the safe and sanitary management of solid waste generated in areas under its geographic and political coverage (RA 9003 and its Implementing Rules and Regulations) Solid waste management planning according to (Uriarte, 2010) is defined as the presence by which viable alternatives and workable programs and plans are developed to solve solid waste problems. Section 16 of the RA 9003, requires local government units to prepare its respective 1O year Solid Waste Management Plan consistent with the National Solid Waste Management Framework. The plan shall place primary emphasis on the implementation of all feasible re-use, recycling and composting programs while identifying the amount of landfill and transformation capacity that will be needed for solid waste which cannot be re-used, recycled or composted. The 10 year solid waste management plan will be reviewed and updated by the local solid waste management board (RA 9003 and its Implementing Rules and Regulations). The 10 year Solid Waste Management Plan is the long term management of solid waste of the local government unit that was developed by the local solid waste management board. In 2018, Linnel Faye C. Malibiran of Philippine Women University- Taft conducted a study entitled A Case Study on the Solid Waste Management Program in Brgy. San Antonio to Brgy, Marcelo Green, Paranaque. It is included in their study that Edwin L.Olivarez in 2001 launched “No Segregation No Collection” Policy initiated

environmental project created and designed in the name of Mayor Homer “Edwin L.Olivarez in order to achieve its goal to have a clean and green municipality. The Project “No Segregation No Collection” Stands for Home of birds and butterflies; Operation: Cleanliness and Pride; Management of Toxic and Hazardous Waste; Environment Education, Evaluation and Information Accessible to all; Reduce, Reuse and Recycle garbage; for a Sustainable Development. These projects ran throughout his term from 2013 to 2016. In the study conducted by Planas, Orong and Espaldon (2010) entitled The Solid Waste Management Project of a Small Community in the City of Paranaque: a Case Study. The case study was focused in a community of Brgy Marcelo Green and Brgy. San Antonio, Paranaque. It was led by the Home Owners Association (HOA) and among the successful community who pioneered solid waste management and a supporter of RA 9003. They had adopted a solid waste management project that reduced and maintained the waste accumulated around the neighborhood through segregation at source and by establishing a MRF that served as a depository and sorting area of collected waste. This MRF was launched on July 3, 2006 occupying 4000 square meters of the subdivisions open space with the assistance of Mother Earth Foundation and Paranaque Green Coalition. The Kanlungan ng Kalikasan Materials Recovery Facility had 4 processing Eco Shed, Eco Shed 1 is for recyclables and will be end for junk shops, 2nd Eco Shed is for residual waste that will be collected by municipal garbage truck, 3rd Eco Shed is for hazardous waste that will also be collected by the municipal garbage truck and 4th Eco Shed that is for the biodegradable waste which

will go to the composting area that will be used as soil conditioner in the neighborhood’s eco garden. In the City of Tabaco in Albay, City Council Resolution No. 55-2012 calls for the creation and re-activation of the barangay solid waste management committee and to formulate the solid waste management plan of its respective barangays. The resolution is in connection with the Section 6 of the implementing Rules and Regulations of RA 9003 which mandates the creation of a Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee. It is a call to the 47 Barangays of the City of Tabaco for a more effective and efficient solid waste collection and disposal system and to formulate their solid waste management plan suitable to their respective barangays. According to the National Solid Waste Management Commission, what the barangay needs to do is actually covered by what is called the “5 Es”- engineering, education, enforcement, environment organization and equity. The 5 Es are components of Ecological Solid Waste Management. Engineering covers setting up the support systems, such as the 3 Rs and segregation. This also includes the necessary facilities such as bins, weighing scales, MRFs, bags and three-sectioned receptacles

including

the

collection

system.

Education

covers

information

dissemination, education and promotion of the program. This includes printed materials such as brochures, flyers, posters, newsletters as well as seminars. Enforcement covers the policy support and guidelines, monitoring, compliance, sanction, rewards and incentives. Environment organization covers the program’s organization, administration and delegation of roles and responsibilities and equity which covers funds sourcing and generating revenues.

Final Disposal Area is the last process of solid waste management. It is where residual waste or waste that cannot be re-used, recycled or composted placed. According to the National Solid Waste Management Commission in 2007, most of solid wastes in the Philippines are disposed in open dumpsites. There are around 794 open dumpsites taking in garbage from all 17 regions nationwide, as against 309 controlled disposal facilities. It is the responsibility of the city or municipal government to put up adequate disposal facility for their constituents. A sanitary landfill needs 30 million Pesos to 50 million Pesos per hectare to run. In Quezon City, the only Local Government Unit in Metro Manila who has a controlled dumpsite known as Quezon City Controlled Disposal Facility, this 24 hectare open dump is very instrumental in the enactment of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 after the July 10, 2000 trash avalanche of towering mountain of garbage buried 205 people alive. Today, Payatas is an icon in controlled disposal. Run by a private contractor and solely contracted by the Quezon City Government to take in trash of 2.5 million people living in Quezon City or equivalent to 450 trucks of 1,200 metric tons each truck per day. The load is composed of unsegregated trash 68% of which is biodegradable waste. Recyclable waste comprising 19% and 13% made up of residual waste. In effect, only 1 out of 10 truckloads of trash has been segregated at source. Quezon City spends 40 million a month for hauling trash to Payatas. (National Solid Waste Management Commission, 2004)

Problems Encountered In the study conducted by Dr. Jean Faullimmel in 2011, it shows that open dump approach remains the predominant waste disposal option in most developing countries especially in the Philippines primarily because it is the cheapest and most convenient. Yet the community is aware that such types of waste disposal degrade the quality of life and cause ecological harm (SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT by Jean Faullimmel, Ph.D.). Linnel faye C. Malibiran of Philippine Women University Taft conducted a study in 2018 entitled the efficiency of Republic Act no 7924 in relation to solid waste management and disposal in selected barangays of Paranaque City. Included in the Researchers findings that the problem arises in Paranaque City is the people cooperation, the closure of dumpsites and the inefficiency of the contractors. The researchers also found out that there is efficiency in the collection of garbage and its disposal if the resident concern will cooperate, that the solution in the problems encountered by Paranaque City year 2005 to 2007 is to inform people with policies and programs until they get used to it and protect the policy needs to change the culture, lifestyle and habit of the public in terms of proper segregation and disposal. In 2001, Romeo R. Olaes’ Waste Management among households in selected Barangays in Dasmariñas Cavite concludes that consumption pattern; rapid population growth and government programs are the factors that affect waste management practices among households. It was also found out that waste management is a

household problem and the measures being instituted by the Municipality of Dasmariñas are not adequate to address the problem on waste management. Catherine T. Crisostomo (2001) of De La Salle University studied Solid Waste Management in Tagaytay. Her study entitled “Solid waste management: Knowledge, attitudes and practices of households in Core House, Tagaytay City”. In the abstract of her study, it examines the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of households in the Core House, Tagaytay City regarding Solid Waste Management. She used survey method in order to study on the in-depth issues regarding solid waste management of households in Tagaytay. The study concluded that respondents are conscious about solid waste situation in the country and they are highly familiar with basic principles of solid waste management. Although, majority of the population are not familiar with solid waste management policies and ordinances of Tagaytay City with regard to the practice, most recognized waste disposal method in the neighborhood is waste collection by truck. Respondents also displays positive attitude towards solid waste management in terms of the role of the government and the citizen in management and maintenance of solid wastes. It also shows that plastic, paper and food residues are the most generated solid wastes in the households of Core House, Tagaytay City.

Interventions Here are the various interventions made by local government units in order to address the problems encountered in the implementation of RA 9003:

In Davao City, the Local Government launched the Barangay Solid Waste Management Contest in order to intensify the strict compliance and observance of RA 9003 and City Ordinance No. 361 or Davao City’s Waste Segregation Policy. The search started July of 2012 until the end of the year. The contest is open to all barangays of Davao City regardless of the financial status, area and the number of residents. The Davao City Ecological Solid Waste Management Board will be the one to supervise the contest and choose the panel of judges for the competition and ensures fairness and judges will be outsourced not from Davao City. The search has the following criteria: cleanliness and orderliness – 40%, innovations -- 35 %, and initiative -- 25 %. A cash price of 1 million Pesos will be given to the major winner, with the second winner getting 500,000 pesos and the third receiving 300,000 pesos. In a thesis presented by Argueda C. Mosqueda in 2008 entitled: Successful Strategies to Generate Community Involvement in Solid Waste Management: Three Case Studies in the Philippines. This presents three success stories in solid waste management in the Philippines which highlights on approaches towards community participation. The two studies focused on the conversion of open dumpsites into a waste processing zone namely the Controlled Waste Disposal Facility in Payatas, Quezon City and the Eco Waste Processing Center in Los Banos, Laguna. The other success story was in Brgy. Masili, Calamba City, Laguna which highlights information, education and communitybased projects with emphasis on community awareness in solid waste management in the local level. The study also concludes that people participation is deeply rooted in political mobilization of their local leaders and these leaders must take the initiative to

make a difference. In addition, the importance of strong advocacy, community awareness and consciousness, partnership and networking of stakeholders plays a vital role in the success of the program/policy. The Resources, Environment and Economics Center for Studies, Inc.’s (REECS) 2002 study on household waste management systems and Bennagen, Nepomuceno, Covar in 2002 the attitudes and behavior of the communities in two barangays in Metro Manila showed that: waste management is still perceived by many as the responsibility of government. Public participation in waste management, especially in segregation at source, remains limited. More extensive awarenessraising activities and training on ecological waste management are needed, together with stricter enforcement of the Law and local ordinances must be observed and there is lack of community empowerment and political will to resolve the problem. In a study conducted by Cruz, D.R., Laurito, J. Et al. (2009) entitled: An Evaluation on the Solid Waste Management Program from Household to Dumpsite in Marikina City. They have concluded in their research that the success of the city in solid waste management is derived from the compliance of the household residents and by the strong and unwavering will of the leaders in Marikina to boost the solid waste management and strong acceptance of the residents to the solid waste management strategies. In a survey conducted by the researchers in Marikina, it shows that 100% or all of the 405 respondents practiced waste segregation and in the record of the CENRO of Marikina it shows that 98% compliance of its residents to this strategy in 2006 to 2007 and 99% conformity on 2008. In 1995, 5 years before the enactment of RA 9003 or the ecological solid waste management act of 2000, Marikina City has already addressed the waste management problems of the city thru the

Waste Management Office which was created 1995 and was replaced by City Environmental Management Office (CEMO) in 2000 and was able to practice recycling, reuse and reduction of residual waste. In a study done by Dr. Maribeth R. Bravo, Associate Professor, School of Urban and Regional Planning of University of the Philippines-Diliman in 2006. The study was entitled An Evaluation of the solid waste management system in Marikina City, Philippines with comparison in Tsukuba City, Japan. The study showed that the Philippines thru Republic Act 9003 is centered on the reduction, collection and disposal while Japan laws are geared towards waste recycling in a consumer-driven society. Both cities are similar when it comes to segregation and in Marikina there are two types of waste materials; the biodegradable and non biodegradable where as in Tsukuba City; there are four general types of waste these are burnable, recyclable, non burnable and over-sized garbage. In conclusion with this study, Marikina City is successful in the implementation of solid waste management and its strategies brought about the unwavering will of the local leadership and the eagerness of the residents to comply. Where in Tsukuba City, the policy is focused on creating a culture of waste recycling. May of 2012, the Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and technical experts from the City of Yokohama are in Cebu City to help the City Government address its problems on wastewater, flooding and solid waste management. The City of Yokohama is also considers to extend financial assistance to Cebu City to address environmental problems through JICA. Japan is also working to set up a group which includes people from both governments, private sector, the academe and nongovernmental organizations. Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)

also provides that Yokohama will offer technical advice to promote eco-city development and other technical cooperation to promote ecological and sustainable urban development (http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/local-news/2012/05/22/city-gettechnical-helpjapan-222695). In the report conducted by International Solid Waste Management (ISWA 2010) in the City of Copenhagen in Denmark shows that the Capital of Denmark, The City of Copenhagen has 467,000 inhabitants which live in a relatively small area of 88.2 square kilometres. It is a densely populated city with 5,316 residents per square kilometre with number of households is 265,850 in 2010. It is the seat of the Government and Parliament, as well as of a number of supervisory institutions. It is also the center of finance and commerce in Denmark. The national government looks on statutory order on waste, recyclable waste from industry and commerce (market driven), data collection and registration for waste transporters and treatment facilities for recyclable waste on the other hand the City Government looks on the local regulation, all aspects of household waste, including packaging waste, assignment of waste for incineration and land filling from commerce and industry, classification of waste, inspections of waste producers and treatment facilities, ownership of incineration plants and landfills and waste planning. Because of the proper division of responsibilities, waste management in Copenhagen is very effective and efficient in 2010 with a total waste collected of 820,600 tons of waste, it was successfully recycled 58%, incinerated 39%, land filling 2% and special treatment 1%.

CHAPTER III Research Methodology This chapter shows the design of the research and the methods that were used by the researchers to accomplish the task. This serves as a guide or an outline in showing how the researchers observed, approached, and treated the chosen variables. Design The Researchers used descriptive-qualitative method because it requires an explanation of the particular subject of the study. Descriptive-qualitative type approaches a problem of practice from a holistic perspective in order to gain an indepth understanding of the situation and its meaning for those involved (Merriam, 1988). Since this study focuses on the extent of the implementation of RA 9003 of City of Paranaque, the descriptive - qualitative method of research was used because it is the most appropriate method to use. Population and Sample Size The respondents for this study were the staff/implementers involve in the solid waste management of the City of Paranaque. Respondents were all the officials of the City Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO) and the Solid Waste Management Board. The researchers disseminated letters for appointment interview to the following officials: Mayor Edwin L. Olivarez, Chairman of Paranaque Solid Waste Management Board (SWMB), _____________, Co-Chairman in the SWMB, Vice Mayor Rico T. Golez former ABC President, BERNARDO N. AMURAO, Officer-inCharge of CENRO (SWAESO) and Councilor __________, former member of the SWMB representing the Business Sector. The letters were given and received by their

respective offices as early as July 2013 and for the researchers requested appointment with the above mentioned officials but the researchers were not given the opportunity to interview them. However, they pointed out BERNARDO N. AMURAO in her capacity as the Consultant of the City Environment and Natural Resources Office to represent them. For the barangay level, respondents are the barangay chairman, barangay official or the barangay councillor, who serves as the head of the barangay solid waste management committee. There are total of 16 barangays in the City of Paranaque. The

lists

of

16

Barangays

were

gathered

from

the

website

http://www.paranaque.gov.ph/cont/local_government/. The researchers arranged the list of barangays in alphabetical order according to the two (2) Legislative Districts of Paranaque namely District 1 and District 2 of Paranaque. With respect to how the barangays were identified by the researchers. The researchers intentionally chosen the 2 model barangays of the City of Paranaque when it comes to solid waste management after which barangays are chosen starting the count from the first barangay in the alphabetical list and then counted one and two therefore, the barangay that will spot on number 2 will be the chosen barangay disregarding the 5 model barangays. Figure 1 and figure 2 will show on how the barangays were chosen, it is indicated that the name of the barangay in bold letters are chosen by counting the barangays with bullets and in bold character are the models barangay of the City of Paranaque when it comes to solid waste management which are intentionally chosen For Figure 1 the respondent barangays are Baclaran, Don Galo, La Huerta, San Dioniso, San Isidro, Sto. Nino, Tambo, Vitalez

For Figure 2 the respondent barangays are BF Homes, Don Bosco, Marcelo Green, Merville, Moonwalk, San Antonio, San Martin de Porres, Sun Valley. A total of 2 barangay respondents out of the 16 barangays of the total barangay population is the target of this study. Figure 1: City of Paranaque Legislative District 1 District 1 Baclaran Don Galo La Huerta San Dionisio San Isidro Sto. Nino Tambo Vitalez Figure 2: City of Paranaque Legislative District 2 District 2 BF Homes Don Bosco Marcelo Green Merville Moonwalk San Antonio San Martin de Porres Sun Valley N= Total= 16 Barangays Research Instrument The researchers collected data about the City of Paranaque thru its CENRO. The researchers also used interview guide as the main method of data gathering to validate and clarify the record reviews. The interview guide used by the researchers will be shown in Appendix 1 and 2.

Data Gathering Procedure The researchers gathered documents pertaining to solid waste management of the City of Paranaque through an official letter recognized by the University which served as a formal request for communication and documentation. The formal letter was endorsed by the chairman of the Graduate Studies Department and the Dean of the Graduate Studies and Communication that was given to the Local Government of Paranaque and 2 selected barangays to serve as a formal communication for securing interview permission and acquiring necessary documents/records.

After the

researchers acquired necessary information and pertinent documents vital to the research, the researchers compared it to the reviews of related literature gathered prior and then conducted an interview guide with the policy implementers. The Researchers interpreted the data and made a discussion. Data Analysis The researcher used a chart in illustrating the data gathered through interview. This presented the interviewers guide questions to the staff/personnel and official of the CENRO, SWMB and selected barangays in a clustering group of city of Paranaque. The chart shows the interpretation of the answer of the respondents interviewed by the researchers. Sample chart: Theme

Justification

Interpretation

The theme is the common answers of the respondents grouped by the researchers. Justification is the actual words of the respondents and the interpretation is the observation of the interview conducted.

Statistical treatment of data The data collected were organized and classified based on the research method and the problems formulated. The data were encoded, tallied, and tabulated to simplify the presentation and interpretation of the results using the following: Frequency and Percentage Distributions The data collected were organized and classified based on the researcher method and the problem formulated. The data were coded, tallied and tabulated to facilitate the presentation and interpretation of the results using frequency and percentage distribution Frequency and percentage distribution was used to classify the Principles of solid waste management as perceived by the respondents. The Frequency also presented the actual response of the respondents to a specific Question item in the questionnaires. On the other hand, the percentage of that item is computed by dividing with the sample total of respondents who participated in the survey. The formula used in the application of this technique is: % = (f/n) x 100

Where % = Percentage

F=frequency

N= Number of cases or total sample

CHAPTER IV Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data This chapter is focused on the data presentation, analysis and interpretation regarding the assessment of the extent of the implementation of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (Republic Act 9003) of the City of Paranaque. Table 1. Presence of Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee in the City of Paranaque Republic Act 9003 mandates the creation of a Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee (BSWMC) in every barangay and the presence of a local solid waste management board in every municipality, city and province that shall prepare, submit and implement a plan for the safe and sanitary management of solid waste generated in areas under its geographic and political coverage.

Theme

1. Present and with existing Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee (BSWMC)

Justification

Interpretation

“Meron kaming Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee” “Meron ngunit nasa Committee on Environmental Protection” “Meron ngunit nasa Committee on Environment Management ” “Meron ngunit nasa Environment Committee” “Meron ngunit nasa Environment Committee with Kalahisid Organization” “Meron ngunit nasa Committee on Disaster Risk Reduction Management” “Meron ngunit nasa Committee on Clean and Green”

Most barangays have a Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee (BSWMC) however there were few barangays responded that they have BSWMC but it is under a different Committees namely: Committee on Environmental Protection, Environment Management, Environment, Disaster Risk Reduction Management and Clean and Green and it show that barangay committees acts on the solid waste management issues of their respective barangays.

Interpretation Table 1 shows that all the 2 respondent barangays have Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee (BSWMC); however there are six (6) barangay without the BSWMC are disclosed by the respondents in an interview, but it is under different committee namely; two (2) under the Environment Committee, one (1) barangay under the Committee on Environment Management, one (1) barangay under the Committee on Disaster Risk Reduction Management and one (1) barangay under the Committee on Clean and Green. The data gathered by the Researchers from the City Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO) of the City of Paranaque, provided the researchers the CENRO’s accomplishment report of 2012 . It shows that all the 73 barangays of the City of Paranaque have already established a Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee (BSWMC). In view of the foregoing, the data gathered from the CENRO, contradicted the data based on the interview conducted by the researchers in barangays. The CENRO is claiming that all the 16 barangays of the City of Paranaque have already complied in creating a sole committee for solid waste management which is mandatory as stated in Republic Act 9003. However these barangays claimed the existence of the committee but it is under a different name serving the same functions as that of the BSWMC. The point is that these barangays still do not comply or adhere with the mandate in Section 6 of the IRR of RA 9003 that barangays must create a Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee, a committee that focuses on the implementation of laws and ordinances pertinent to solid waste management. The interview conducted to CENRO also reveals that barangays of the City of Paranaque are compelled to create the Barangay Solid Waste Management

Committee (BSWMC) which is a separate committee that will solely focus on the solid waste management issues of the barangay. It was also revealed that the salary of barangay officials are withheld by the City government of Paranaque thru the Department of Interior and Local Government. In the City of Tobaco in Albay, City Council Resolution No. 55-2012 calls for the creation and re-activation of the Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee and to formulate the solid waste management plan of their respective barangay. In the city level, the Paranaque Solid Waste Management Board (BSWMB) is created through Executive Order No. 10 series of 2007 of Hon. Mayor Edwin L. Olivarez “Creation of Solid Waste Management Board of the Local Government of Paranaque” and is working with the City Environment and Natural Resources on the effective implementation of RA 9003 in Paranaque City. The Solid Waste Management Board designs and implements an effective Environmental Waste and Management System including solid waste collection and disposal, conducts regular monitoring and inspection of different industrial and business establishment in cooperation with the Provincial Environment and Waste Management Board and designs pollution and waste management awareness program. Table 2. Presence of Barangay Solid Waste Management Plan (BSWMP) Solid waste management planning according to (Uriarte, 2010) is defined as the presence by which viable alternatives and workable programs and plans are developed to solve solid waste problems. Section 16 of Republic Act 9003 requires local government units to prepare their respective 10 year Solid Waste Management Plan consistent including the National Solid Waste Management Framework. In the

City of Paranaque, barangays are also mandated to create their respective BSWMP and it shall ensure the efficient management of solid waste generated within its jurisdiction and shall place primary on the implementation of all feasible re-using, recycling and composting programs.

Theme

1. Barangay with Solid Waste Management Plan (BSWMP)

Justification

Interpretation

“Mayroon kaming Barangay Solid Waste Management Plan” “Nagsesegregate kami ng basura” “Mayroon kaming pick up points” “Naghohouse to house collection kami daily” “Tamang oras ng pagtatapon ng basura” “Clean and Green” “Nagcoconduct kami nang regular canal monitoring and cleaning” “On process palang ang aming solid waste management plan” “Nasa orientation palang kami sa mga residente tungkol sa solid waste management” “Nasa clustering stage palang at wala pang Memorandum of Agreement”

Most barangays responded that they have BSWMP which includes segregation, implementation of the pickup points scheme, daily house to house waste collection, time bounded bring out of garbage, clean and green policy and conducting regular canal monitoring and cleaning. However there were two (2) barangays responded that there solid waste management plan is on process, one (1) on the process of orientation to their constituents and one (1) barangay responded that its plan is barangay clustering but has no Memorandum of Agreement yet.

2. Barangay without Solid Waste Management Plan

“Walang plano masyado”

One (1) barangay responded that the Barangay Solid Waste Management Plan is not that well planned.

Interpretation Table 2 shows that in terms of the presence of a Barangay Solid Waste Management Plan (BSWMP), there were already 38 barangays out of the 39 that responded to have a BSWMP.

Solid Waste Management Plan of 26 barangays

includes the practice of segregation, five (5) barangays have established pick up points scheme for the city garbage truck to collect garbage, four (4) barangays are practicing house-to-house waste collection, two (2) barangays are implementing a time bound bring out of garbage, two (2) barangays have policy on clean and green, one (1) barangay is doing regular canal monitoring and cleaning. However, there were two (2) barangays elaborated that they have solid waste management plan but still on the process of preparation and one (1) barangay responded that there BSWMP is not that well planned. The creation of a BSWMP is very important because the barangay after experiencing the problems from the grassroots level when it comes to the implementation of RA 9003 shall now be the basis of the local government units in creating their respective 10 year solid waste management plan. The BSWMP of most of the barangays responded is primarily formulated to meet all households and commercial establishments must comply with the segregation scheme, proper bringing out of garbage to be collected by the city garbage truck, clean and green and the observance of existing laws and ordinances whether it is a city or barangay ordinance

to be fully implemented in the barangay level. However in the meantime if households do not comply with the segregation scheme of biodegradable, non-biodegradable, recyclable, residual and kitchen wastes, most of the barangay interviewed that they are the ones segregating the collected garbage in their Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) or Materials Recovery System (MRS) and for some barangays, households and commercial establishment that do not comply they will verbally reprimand them and still if they do not comply their garbage will not be collected, also barangay and business clearance will not be issued upon them. Most of the respondent barangays views are limited to segregation at source as the ultimate goal, collection and hauling of unsegregated garbage in pickup points and only during the designated time every day from 9pm to 11pm only; where residents can place their garbage to the designated pickup points where the city truck pass thru major roads and thoroughfares in the city were the city truck will collect. According to the residents as elaborated by barangay officials that were interviewed, that as long as the city truck is collecting garbage everyday there is no problem on garbage segregated or not, but if it does not collect for a day the garbage will emit foul odor and that is the only time that the people will complain on solid waste management issues. Also the barangay maintains cleanliness in coordination with the CENRO, the presence of CENRO eco aides and eco enforcers are seen as street sweepers and environmental law enforcers cleaning and roaming in public market, talipapa, major roads and thoroughfares in the City. Some barangays responded that there were also barangay eco aides/ street sweepers that maintain the cleanliness of the perimeter of the barangay hall and its inner roads. The CENRO has also the enforcing and apprehending powers and the barangay will only coordinate to the Office if there is

non-compliance among residents with proper time of bringing the garbage to its pickup points, no littering, ordinance on plastic and styro foam ban, burning and illegal dumping and transport of garbage and other prohibited acts pertaining to solid waste and environmental laws. Maintaining the cleanliness in the City of Paranaque is a joint effort of the barangay and CENRO. The CENRO of the City of Paranaque also keeps records of the barangay solid waste management plan, practices and updates among barangays. The CENRO also provides technical assistance, seminars, tours and symposium to the barangay on the implementation of RA 9003 in their respective level. Respondent barangays also emphasized that CENRO officials are even able to give a talk during barangay assembly to orient their residents on the importance of solid waste management. In the city level, the 10-Year Solid Waste Management Plan of the City of Paranaque is already on process and already in 50% completion based on the CENRO accomplishment report of 2012. They are already in the fourth and final stage of conducting the Waste Analysis and Characterization Study (WACS) of the City to determine the volume and type of waste produced in the City of Paranaque. It also reveals that out of the 16 barangays of the City, 13 barangays have already a Barangay Solid Waste Management Plan submitted to CENRO. Cebu City’s Waste Analysis and Characterization Study (WACS) in 2010 determined the solid waste composition as follows: 66% is biodegradable, 15% is plastic, 7% is paper, 3 % is textile and 9% is mixed waste, rubber, wood, construction debris, glass and tin. Cebu City is generating an average of 325,000 kilograms or 325 tons of waste in a day.

Looking at the organizational structure of the CENRO of the City of Paranaque in comparison to Davao City, the plantilla or the organizational structure of CENRO of Paranaque is not available; however, the researchers were able to gather names and number of personnel/ staff and enforcers. It is headed by Mayor Edwin L. Olivarez, CENRO Officer-in-Charge _________ also in his capacity as the Chief of Staff of Mayor Edwin L. Olivarez, CENRO Consultant Theresa B. Calo, Admin Staff _________ and _________. In addition to, CENRO has a total of 25 Eco enforcers and 35 Eco aides/ sweepers for Bacoor West and 39 Eco aides/sweepers for Paranaque. The Davao City Environment and Natural Resources Office have 4 divisions namely; Administrative Division, Parks and Playgrounds Division, Natural Resources Operating Division and Environmental and Waste Management Division. The proper division of responsibilities in Davao City Environment and Natural Resources Office can also be adopted in the City of Paranaque Environment and Natural Resources Office. In the study of Dr. Bravo of the University of the Philippines- Diliman School of Urban and Regional Planning in 2006, it shows that the Philippines thru RA 9003 is centered on the reduction, collection and disposal while Japanese laws are geared towards waste recycling in a consumer-driven society and Tsukuba City’s policy is focused on creating a culture of waste recycling. It is observed that in the Philippines, the plan is on reduction, collection and disposal while in Tsukuba City, Japan it is more on creating a culture of waste recycling among its residents. Table 3.Presence of Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) Rule 11, Section 1 of the Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of RA 9003 mandates that the barangay shall be responsible for the collection, segregation, recycling of biodegradable, recyclable, compostable and reusable wastes. MRF will be

established in every barangay or cluster of barangays and the residual waste shall then be transferred to a holding area and then to a disposal facility or sanitary landfill.

Theme

1. Presence of Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)

2. Absence of Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) or Materials Recovery System (MRS)

Justification

Interpretation

“Meron kaming MRF” “Operational yung MRF” “Meron kaming MRF pero nonoperational” “MRF naming ay under construction pa” “Wala kaming MRF pero meron kaming Materials Recovery System (MRS)” “MRS lang”

Most barangays responded that they have Materials Recovery Facility; however, few responded that their MRF is not operational, few barangay responded they have not established an MRF but its construction is on- going. However, most barangays do not have MRF, but have MRS in partnership with junkshops

“Wala”

Two (2) Barangay responded they don’t have MRF or MRS

Interpretation Table 3 shows that in terms of the presence of Materials Recovery Facility (MRF), twenty out of thirty-nine (10 out of 16) barangays responded that they have MRF; however, there were three (2) barangays responded that they have the MRF structurally but it is non-operational. Another three (2) barangays responded that the barangay’s MRF is on the construction process.

There are also 10 barangays that have no MRF but they are into Materials Recovery System (MRS) in partnership with junkshops. Though there were two (2) barangays responded that they don’t have either MRF or MRS, MRS is the other option of the Barangay on just contract junk shops to receive the recyclables and the city garbage truck will collect the refuse. Biodegradable will not be collected and it is the duty of every household to compost their biodegradable wastes or kitchen wastes. The creation of a Materials Recovery Facility or MRF is very important to minimize the garbage being collected by the city truck to be disposed in the final disposal area in Rodriguez, Rizal. With MRF, garbage is now being sorted to recover materials that are to be reused or recycled. However if MRF is not available due to the limited space of the barangays another option is the Materials Recovery System or MRS where barangays are contracting junkshops to collect the reusable or recyclable materials from households; however, it still does not guarantee that only residual waste are left to be collected by the city truck because junkshops will only collect materials with are beneficial to them. In addition, it is an option for the barangays to come up with clustering so that one MRF may be created to serve certain number of barangays. In the City Level, thru the CENRO accomplishment report of 2012, it shows that the City of Paranaque has already 10 barangays with operational MRF and with four (4) on-going MRF constructions. Also the City of Paranaque has schools and subdivisions with established MRF and there were already 10 schools with an operational MRF, 16 subdivisions based operational MRF as of 2012. As discussed in the guide book entitled: Solid Waste Management Made Easy: A do-it yourself Guide to a Community Based Ecological Solid Waste Management Programmed by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources in 2007, a

materials recovery system or MRS is a complete system of recovering wastes that can still be of use- from recyclable materials to kitchen waste that can be turned into compost. It is designed to receive, sort, process and store compostable and recyclable materials efficiently and in an environmentally sound manner. In the study conducted by Planas, et al (2010), it covers Marcelo Green, Paranaque, Metro Manila. It was led by the Home Owners Association (HOA), Mother Earth Foundation and Cavite Green Coalition and among the successful communities who pioneered solid waste management and supported RA 9003. They adopted a solid waste management project that reduced and maintained the waste accumulated around the neighborhood through segregation and through the establishment of a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) that served as a depository and sorting area of collected waste.

Table 4. Final Disposal Area Final Disposal Area is the last process of solid waste management. It is where residual waste or waste that cannot be re-used, recycled or composted is placed. Theme

Justification

“truck ng munisipyo ang 1. Residual waste collection nangongolekta” and final disposal area “municipal truck” “truck na nang munispyo” “munispyo ang nangongolekta” “truck ng munisipyo ang bahala” “kinukuha ng truck ng munisipyo”

Interpretation

All the 39 barangays responded that the residual waste is being collected by the city truck for its final disposal area in Rodriguez Sanitary Landfill.

Interpretation Table 4 shows that all the 2 barangays interviewed responded that the City Government of Paranaque is the one responsible for the final disposal, collection and hauling of residual wastes.

According to the National Solid Waste Management

Commission in 2007, most of the solid wastes in the Philippines are disposed to open dumpsites. There are around 794 open dumpsites for this garbage from all the 17 regions nationwide, as composed to the 309 controlled disposal facilities. It is the responsibility of the municipal or city government to put up adequate disposal facility for its constituents. A sanitary landfill needs roughly 30 to 50 million pesos per hectare which makes it expensive to run. In pursuant to the Local Government Code (RA 7160), the LGU shall be primarily responsible for the implementation and enforcement of the provisions of RA 9003 within their respective jurisdiction. Section 10 of RA 9003 mandates that the collection of non-recyclable materials and special wastes shall be the responsibility of the municipal or city government.

In the case of the City of Paranaque, the city

government is the one responsible for the collection and hauling of residual waste. Having LEONEL WASTE MANAGEMENT as the city’s sole garbage hauling contractor which is at the same time, the operator of the14 hectare Rodriguez Sanitary Landfill in Rizal. SWAESO, therefore, is the one responsible for the collection of waste throughout the city thru the designated pickup points in major roads and thoroughfare in the city. The barangay and CENRO coordinate as regards proper time in bringing out garbage and CENRO eco aides will sweep small trashes that would not be placed in the garbage truck. Only residual waste must be collected by the city truck; however,

since there were rampant non-segregation of waste among barangays, the supposed to be residual waste alone is with biodegradable, kitchen waste and recyclable which are supposed to be sorted in the MRF, MRS or eco centers. In an interview with CENRO, it insisted that the garbage collection of the City Truck was lessened due to gradual compliance of barangays to solid waste management but due to the high urban migration and commercialization in the City, has not been fully observed. However, the budget allocation for the contract of hauling of garbage increased by PhP10 million in 2013 compared to 2011 and 2013. According to the Accomplishment Report of CENRO for 2012, SWAESO collects garbage from Monday to Saturday throughout the City and have a total number of 14 to 16 trucks per day which is equivalent to a total of 150 tons of garbage collection every day serving the population of 520, 216 in 2010 with a growth rate of 4.33% per annum. The amount being spent by the City of Paranaque for hauling of garbage was also determined by the Researchers thru www.bacoor.gov.ph in compliance with the full disclosure order of the DILG Memorandum Circular No.2010-83 and 2011-08. In 2011 The City Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO) of Bacoor budget allocation is PhP 61, 236,315.00 and 50 Million Pesos of the annual budget was used for Environment/ Sanitary Services (Sanitary/ Contract on Hauling of Garbage) alone.

In 2012 the

budget for hauling services remained at 50 Million Pesos and increased to PhP 61, 961,436.00 as stipulated in the annual budget allocation. For fiscal year 2013, CENRO’s annual budget allocation is PhP 92,573,338.00 and 60 Million Pesos was spent for Sanitary/Contract on Hauling of Garbage alone. This shows that in 2013,

CENRO’s budget for sanitary/contract in hauling of garbage alone increased by 10 Million pesos. The significant increase in the CENRO’s budget is an effect of the increase in the Income Revenue Allotment (IRA) of Paranaque as a result when the municipality became a city in 2013. In the study conducted by Dr. Jean Faullimmel in 2011, it shows that open dump approach remains the predominant final waste disposal option in most developing countries especially in the Philippines primarily because it is the cheapest and most convenient. Yet the community is aware that such types of waste disposal degrade the quality of life and cause ecological harm. Quezon City is the only Local Government Unit in Metro Manila who has a controlled dumpsite known as Quezon City Controlled Disposal Facility. The facility is 24 hectare open dumpsite which is instrumental in the enactment of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 after the July 10, 2000 trash avalanche. Today, Payatas is already a controlled disposal facility, runned by a private contractor and solely contracted by the Quezon City Government to take in trash of 2.5 million people living in Quezon City or equivalent to 450 trucks of 1,200 metric tons each truck per day. The load is composed of unsegregated trash 68% of which is biodegradable waste. Recyclable waste comprising 19% and 13% made up of residual waste. In effect, only 1 out of 10 truckloads of trash has been segregated at source. Quezon City spends 40 million a month for hauling trash to Payatas (National Solid Waste Management Commission, 2004). In a report presented by International Solid Waste Management (ISWA) in 2010, The City of Copenhagen, Denmark in 2010 has a total of 820,600 tons of waste

being collected and it was successfully recycled 58%, incinerated 39%, land filling 2% and special treatment 1%. The effective and efficient waste management of Copenhagen can be attributed to the proper division of responsibilities of the National Government thru the Danish Environmental Protection Agency (Danish EPA) and the City Government of Copenhagen. Table 5. Problems encountered by the barangay in implementing RA 9003 This pertains to the issues and difficulties experienced by the City of Paranaque on the implementation of RA 9003.

Theme

Justification

Interpretation

1. Problems

2. No problem encountered

“Walang disiplina at hindi nasunod ang mgatao” “Walang waste segregation” “Nagtatapon sa ilog at dagat” “Wala sa oras ang pagtapon ng basura” “Walang pakundangan ang pagtatapon” “Mga dayo ang nagtatapon ng basura saamin” “Pagsusunog ng basura” “Too many informal settlers” “CR ng mga tao diretso sa dagat” “Market place is full of unsegregated garbage” “Problem in implementing the environmental law” “Di nahuhuli ang mga violators at bihira kung makahuli” “Hindi regular ang pagdating ng truck para mangolekta ng basura” “Hindi regular ang street sweeping” “Walang pondo” “Maliit lang ang aming space”

“Wala naman”

Most barangays responded that the problem is on the cooperation and willingness of the people when it comes to proper solid waste management, problem because of the poor social condition of the people, poor implementation of existing environmental laws, poor enforcement against solid waste management violators, poor implementation of Bacoor city government’s policy on solid waste management, insufficient funds, lack of space

Two (2) barangays responded that they don’t experience problems about solid waste management.

Interpretation Table 5 shows that in implementing the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003) in the City of Paranaque, there were problems encountered by the barangays which included problems in terms of the cooperation and willingness of the people. Based on the interview conducted by the researchers, ten out of the thirty-nine (10 out of 16) barangays revealed that the people living in their place have no discipline in participating to proper solid waste management. A common problem in ten (10) barangays is that residents do not segregate their wastes from their households and in another ten (10) barangays the issue is on residents who dump/ throw their garbage into rivers and into Paranaque. In nine (3) barangays, the problems about people’s non-compliance with the prescribed time in bringing the garbage to the pickup area as provided in the City ordinance/barangay ordinance. In seven (7) barangays, these has been rampant littering and illegal dumping in their area, two (2) barangays responded that they have problems with people who do not live within their jurisdiction throw garbage into their place, and two (2) barangays responded that people practice garbage burning. In addition to the cooperation and willingness of the people, the residents of these barangays experienced problems with regard to the social condition of the people: There were five (5) barangays that have many informal settlers which makes it impossible to practice proper solid waste management; in two (2) barangays, some of their residents have no access to toilets making the whole Bacoor Bay their comfort room;

one (1) barangay has a problem with the market place which is full of

unsegregated garbage. In addition, two (2) barangays revealed that they have problems with the implementation of existing environmental laws; two (2) barangays

face problems because of many violators against the environmental laws brought about by enforcement; three (3) barangays stated that their problem is the irregular pick-up of garbage by the City truck; one (1) barangay said that their problem is the irregular street sweeping in their area. There were three (3) barangays that had problems on the implementation of RA 9003 due to fund constraints. One (1) barangay said their problem is the insufficient space in their area to produce MRF or MRS to put into practice solid waste management. Two (2) barangays responded that they did not encounter any problem at all as regards the implementation of Ecological Solid Waste Management in their place. Respondent barangays commented that one of the major problems that they encounter is when the city truck, which is supposed to collect garbage everyday will not collect. This results to the accumulation of large volume of garbage in the city which is the cause why the community will complain because of foul odor from the garbage dumped on pickup points designed by CENRO and the barangay. The local government unit of Cebu City in 2012 considers the following as their major solid waste management challenges; Cebu City’s Inayawan Sanitary Landfill has reached full capacity and its operation further violates the law, the lack of landfill closure plan, absence of a 10-year solid waste management plan, significant volume of wastes still ends up at the transfer station and lack of measures to reduce the volume through source reduction and waste minimization measures such as composting, recycling, reuse, etc.

Table 6. Solutions made by the Barangay regarding the problems encountered in implementing RA 9003 This pertains to the immediate solution made by the barangay in response to the problems encountered in the implementation of RA 9003.

Theme

Justification

Interpretation

1.The barangay implemented policies, projects, programs, lectures, dialogue, regular monitoring in response to the problems encountered in the practice of proper solid waste management

“Nagwawarning at nagiimpose kami ng penalty sa di susunod” “Gumawa kami ng barangay ordinance” “No Segregation- no collection policy” “Kumuha kami ng street sweepers” “Anti-Littering Campaign” “No segregation- no business permit or barangay clearance” “All jeepneys and tricycles ay mayroon trash can dapat” “No selling of ice water and no soft drinks in plastic yelo” “Gumawa kami ng garbage pushcarts” “Gumawa kami ng public CR” “ Clean-up drive” “Ininclude naming ang solid waste management lecture saaming barangay assembly” “May tree planting activity” “Naghohouse to house kami sa pagkolekta ng basura araw araw” “Nagdidialogue kami sa mga homeowners” “Regular ang aming monitoring”

Most barangays responded that they did something in response to the problems encountered on the implementation of RA 9003 which includes implementation of policies, warnings and penalty for those who will be caught violating solid waste management, also the barangays created an ordinance, similar policies were also created such as no segregation- no collection, hiring of street sweepers, antilittering campaign, no segregationno business permit or barangay clearance policy, Clean up drive, tree planting, daily house to house waste collection, dialogue with homeowners, barangays also include solid waste management lecture in barangay assembly, Public Utility Vehicles (PUV) such as Jeepneys and tricycles operating within the barangay must have trash cans accessible to their passengers to avoid indiscriminate littering, no selling of ice water and no soft drinks in plastic yelo throughout the barangay to avoid indiscriminate littering especially stores near public and private schools and hired street sweepers to maintain the

cleanliness of their barangay. Some barangay also created garbage pushcarts and public CR to encounter problems on solid waste management.

2. The barangay did nothing about solid waste management

“Wala” “Hindi”

Two (two) barangays responded “wala” and “hindi” about problems encountered by the barangay government on solid waste management.

Interpretation Table 6 shows that there were solutions made by the barangay to address the problems encountered in implementing RA 9003. The barangays as part of the solution to the problems encountered, implemented policies and penalties, created projects and conducted programs, meetings and regular monitoring to counter the problems they experience and executed laws on solid waste management practice. It also shows that barangays include the implementation of policies/penalties as part of the solutions made in barangay level: twenty one (11) barangays responded that they give warnings to those violators and after several warnings they will impose sanctions/penalties such as community service, fines and imprisonment; eleven (11) barangays responded that they created ordinance in relation to solid waste management, five (5) barangays responded that they have implemented the no segregation no collection policy to solve the problem in non-practice of proper solid waste management, two (2) barangays responded that they hired street sweepers in order to maintain the cleanliness of the barangays, two (2) barangays responded that they implement anti-littering campaign, one (1) barangay said that it implemented the no segregation- no business permit or barangay clearance policy, one (1) barangay

implemented that public utility vehicles (PUV) such as jeepneys and tricycles operating within their barangay must have trash cans accessible to their passengers to avoid indiscriminate littering, one (1) barangay implemented no selling of ice water and no soft drinks in plastic yelo throughout their barangay to avoid indiscriminate littering especially stores near public and private schools. There were two (2) barangays responded that they created garbage push carts as solutions to problems on solid waste management and one (1) barangay said that it created public comfort room (CR) for residents in order to stop them in making the whole Paranaque as their comfort room. Barangays also conducted programs, lectures and regular monitoring: ten (10) barangays conducted clean-up drive to address the problem on solid waste management, five (5) barangays include lectures/seminars on proper solid waste management in their barangay assembly, three (3) barangays responded that they hold tree planting activity, three (3) barangays conduct daily house to house garbage collection to address the problem on solid waste management, one (1) barangay responded it conducts dialogues with the homeowners associations in their barangay about solid waste management and 1 (one) barangay responded that it regularly monitors barangay cleanliness. There were also 2 out of 16 barangays that did nothing about solid waste management based on the interview made by the researchers it was justified by “wala” and “hindi” response to the researchers question “Paano nio tinutugunan ang mga problemang inyong hinaharap?” The role of the barangay which belongs to the grassroots level is vital on the implementation of RA 9003. Barangay needs to enforce laws, ordinances, policies and programs so that solid waste management can be fully implemented with the

unwavering support of the local chief executive, the punong barangay and the active participation of the people including civic organizations. The proper communication and cooperation of the barangay and the city government is also seen significant to fully enforce the mandates of RA 9003 in creating a clean, hazard free and able to practice recycling, reuse and reduction of residual waste. According to the National Solid Waste Management Commission, what the barangay needs to do is actually covered by what is called the “5 Es”- engineering, education, enforcement, environment organization and equity. In a thesis presented by Mosqueda in 2009; it shows three success stories in solid waste management in the Philippines which highlights on approaches towards community participation. The two studies focused on the conversion of open dumpsites into a waste processing zone namely: the Controlled Waste Disposal Facility in Payatas, Quezon City and the Eco Waste Processing Center in Los Banos, Laguna. The other success story was in Brgy. Masili, Calamba City, Laguna which highlights information, education and community- based projects with emphasis on community awareness in solid waste management in the local level. The study also concludes that people participation is deeply rooted in political mobilization of their local leaders and these leaders must take the initiative to make a difference. In addition, the importance of strong advocacy, community awareness and consciousness, partnership and networking of stakeholders play a vital role in the success of the program/policy. In a study conducted by Cruz, et al. (2009), they have concluded that the success of Marikina City in solid waste management is derived from the compliance of the residents and by the strong and unwavering will of the leaders to boost the solid waste

management and strong acceptance of the residents to the solid waste management strategies. According to the Resources, Environment and Economics Center for Studies, Inc.’s (REECS) and Bennagen, et al. in 2002, waste management is still perceived by many as the responsibility of the government. Public participation in waste management, especially in segregation at source, remains limited. More extensive awareness- raising activities and training on ecological waste management are needed, together with stricter enforcement of the Law and local ordinances.

Table 7. City Government of Paranaque’s intervention to the problems encountered on the barangay level on the implementation of RA 9003 This pertains to the immediate solution made by the City Government in response to the problems encountered on the implementation of RA 9003. Theme

Justification

Interpretation

1. Technical and administrative strategies made by the City Government of Bacoor as interventions on the problems encountered by the barangays in implementing RA 9003.

“Nag-implement ang city hall ng plastic and Styrofoam ban” “Nagpapaseminar, trainings at nagbibigay ng technical assistance ang CENRO saamin” “Full support si Mayor” “Nag conduct ang city hall ng contest parasa cleanest and greenest barangay ng Bacoor” “Munisipyo ang nagbabayad ng taga hakot ng basura” “CENRO ang nang huhuli ng violators” “Required ang beneficiaries ng PPPP na tumulong sa solid waste management” “ regular kaming nagrereport sa CENRO”

Most barangays responded that the City Government of Bacoor intervened to the barangay level and such intervention includes implementation of plastic and styrofoam ban throughout the City of Bacoor, the CENRO gives seminars, trainings and technical assistance to barangays. Barangays also emphasized that the City Mayor is in full support; moreover, the city government held a contest for the cleanest and greenest barangay in the City of Bacoor, also the City Government is the one shouldering the expense in the hauling of garbage throughout the city, City Social Welfare and Development Office thru the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (PPPP) beneficiaries are required to help in the solid waste management of their respective barangays. Also, the violators are being caught by CENRO and barangays are regularly reporting to CENRO about their solid waste management as part of the intervention made by the LGU to the barangay level.

Interpretation Table 7 shows that the Local Government of Paranaque’s intervention to barangay level includes that 15 barangays responded that the City Government is implementing Plastic and Styrofoam Ban throughout the City of Bacoor as an intervention in problems of solid waste management. Also, 16 barangays responded that the City Government’s intervention is by giving seminars/ trainings and technical assistance of barangays by the CENRO. 10 barangays responded that the City Mayor is in full support on the implementation of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act and by implementing local laws pertaining to environmental laws. Five (5) barangays responded that the City Government gives incentives/ rewards and recognition in the Search for the Cleanest and Greenest Barangay in the City of Paranaque. Four (4) barangays responded that the City Government is the one shouldering the expense of collecting and hauling of residual waste in their barangay. Two (2) barangays responded that the power to enforce and apprehend violators in relation to RA 9003 in done by the City thru CENRO. One (1) barangay responded that they are regularly reporting to CENRO in the status of their solid waste management practice. However there were three (3) barangays responded that they experienced no problem/ no intervention of the city government to them. At the city level, According to CENRO, the City Government of Paranaque intervenes in addressing the problems on solid waste management through creation of ordinances, policies, executive orders and administrative orders pertaining to solid waste management such as the giving of Notice of Deficiency to barangays who failed to comply to RA 9003 in collaboration to the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) in holding the honorarium of barangays officials who failed to

comply in creating BSWMC, BSWMP and MRF or MRS, Plastic and Styrofoam Ban (Municipal Ordinance No. 14 series of 2002), Environmental Code of Paranaque (City Ordinance No. 4 series of 2008), drop and pick up stations for the orderly and efficient garbage disposal and collection (Municipal Ordinance No. 6 series of 2002), an Order reorganizing the City Solid Waste Management Board (Executive Order No. 19 series 2012), an Order creating Bacoor Task Force Kalikasan (Executive Order No. 1 series of 2012), creation of Solid Waste Management Board of the Local Government of Paranaque (Executive Order No. 10 series of 2007). However the researchers were not given the exact Executive Order by the CENRO for the succeeding laws: mandates the creation of Barangay Solid Waste Management Board in response to RA 9003; mandates the creation of Materials Recovery Facility or Materials Recovery System in all barangays of Bacoor, mandates all subdivisions existing and on process of applying for permit with the LGU to include the creation of MRF and tree planting in the subdivision plan to plant 100 trees per hectare and illegal posting of banners,

As part of the local government’s intervention to the barangay

level, Davao City launched the Barangay Solid Waste Management Contest in order to intensify the strict compliance and observance of RA 9003 and City Ordinance No. 361 or Davao City’s Waste Segregation Policy. The search has the following criteria: cleanliness and orderliness – 40%, innovations -- 35 %, initiative -- 25 %. A cash price of 1 Million Pesos will be given to the major winner, with the second winner getting 500,000 Pesos and the third receiving 300,000 Pesos. This barangay solid waste management contest can be seen as a way of promoting the solid waste management in the barangay level and also in order to catch the attention and the maximum participation of the barangay officials and people.

The City of Paranaque, as part of its intervention to the barangay level, launched the Search for the cleanest and greenest barangay in 2012. This contest is open to all barangays of the City of Paranaque and the awarding of winners is on quarterly basis. The City Government of Paranaque for 2013 allocated a total of 5 Million Peso Fund for year’s search. The 1st price is 100,000 Pesos, 2nd price is 75,000 Pesos and for the 3rd price is 50,000 Pesos. The price is only good as convertible to project. The winning barangays per quarter will request to the city government a project which is equivalent to the winning price. Cebu City in 2012 asks the Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and technical experts from the City of Yokohama to help the City Government address its problems on wastewater, flooding and solid waste management. The City of Yokohama also considers to extend financial assistance to Cebu City to address environmental problems through JICA. Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) also provides that Yokohama will offer technical advice to promoting eco-city development and other technical cooperation to promote ecological and sustainable urban development

(http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/local-news/2012/05/22/cityget-

technical-help-japan-222695).

CHAPTER V

Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation

This chapter is focused on the summary, conclusion and recommendation on the extent of the implementation of Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003) of Selected Barangay in the City of Paranaque, Metro Manila between the years of 2013 to 2017. Summary: 1. What is the extent of the implementation of RA 9003 in terms of the presence of: City? Environment

and

Natural

Resources

Office

(CENRO),

Solid

Waste

Management Board (SWMB), 10-Year Solid Waste Management Plan (SWMP), Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) and Final Disposal Area. In the City of Paranaque there is the presence of City Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO), Solid Waste Management Board (SWMB), but the 10-Year Solid Waste Management Plan (SWMP) is still on progress and reached 50% completion as of the end of 2012. CENRO officials added that they are still on the process of conducting the Waste Analysis and Characterization Study (WACS) of the City of Paranaque to determine the type and volume of wastes produced by the City of Paranaque. According to CENRO, the target date of the completion of the Paranaque 10-Year Solid Waste Management Plan is on July 2013 and it will be submitted to the City Council for approval and then forwarded to the National Solid Waste Management

Committee for approval on national standards. However, the barangays are tasked to create their respective solid waste management plan. In terms of the presence of Materials Recovery Facility (MRF), there is no city level operating MRF but the barangays are mandated to create MRF or MRS. It also shows that twenty out of thirty-nine (20 out of 39) barangays interviewed have MRF though three (3) barangays responded that their MRF is structurally present but nonoperational and in three more (3) barangays, their MRF is still under construction. There were also seventeen (17) barangays that do not have MRF but instead they have Materials Recovery System (MRS) in partnership with junk shops. The main reason for not having MRF is the limited space available for the barangay to set up such facility. In the City of Paranaque, the creation of MRF is not only limited in the barangay level because the city government is promoting the creation of MRFs in schools and subdivisions. In terms of the presence of a Final Disposal Area, the City of Bacoor is free from any operating sanitary landfill and open dump sites. The study also reveals that the Final Disposal Area of the City of Paranaque is the Rodriguez Sanitary Landfill in Rizal which is, at the same time, being operated by the City’s sole garbage hauling contractor, Solid Waste International Management System (SWIMS). 2.

What are the problems encountered by the City Government of Paranaque in

the implementation of RA 9003 from 2013 to 2016? At the city level, according to CENRO the problems encountered in the implementation of RA 9003 from 2016 to 2017 were: the non-compliance of barangays regarding the need to create a barangay solid waste management committee, barangay solid waste management plan and Materials Recovery Facility or Materials Recovery System. It is only on the mid of 2013 to 2016 that there is a gradual

compliance among barangays. Lack of discipline, indiscriminate littering and dumping of garbage, early or late bringing out of garbage are most of the problems encountered by the City Government in implementing RA 9003. It also reveals that the City calls for the unwavering will and acceptability of barangay officials and the positive social acceptability and eagerness of the residents and civic and non-governmental organizations to comply on proper solid waste management practices. At the barangay level, the problems encountered in the implementation of RA 9003 were problems in terms of “the cooperation and willingness of the people” when it comes to proper solid waste management practice, “poor social condition of the people”, “poor implementation of existing environmental laws”, “poor enforcement against solid waste management violators”, “poor implementation of City of Paranaque government’s policy on solid waste management”, “insufficient funds” and “lack of space”. 3.

What are the interventions made by the City Government of Paranaque in

addressing the problems from 2013 to 2017? At the city level, the City Government of Paranaque intervenes in addressing the problems on solid waste management from 2007 to 2012. According to CENRO, the City Government intervenes through technical and administrative strategies such as giving of lectures, seminars, trainings, constant monitoring on barangay compliance, creation of ordinances, policies, executive orders and administrative orders pertaining to solid waste management. According to the barangays interviewed, the City Government of Paranaque intervenes in addressing the problems on solid waste management through the implementation of the Plastic and Styrofoam Ban, giving of seminars, trainings and

technical assistance of CENRO to barangays, search for the cleanest and greenest barangay of the City of Paranaque hauling and collection of residual waste and apprehending violators. Conclusion 1.

Since RA 9003 has been fully implemented in the City of Paranaque, the

researchers concluded that multilateral cooperation between the local government unit, barangay, residents, civic and non-governmental organizations plays a vital role in the success of programs implemented by the LGU or barangay in the case of observing a proper solid waste management practice. 2.

Since there are problems encountered by the city government and barangay, it

can be concluded that successful waste reduction, establishment of Environment and Natural Resources Office, Solid Waste Management Board, 10 year Solid Waste Management Plan, Materials Recovery Facility or Materials Recovery System and the sustainability of the local government and barangay programs is important in studying on the extent of the implementation of the solid waste management policy in the City of Paranaque. 3.

Several interventions have been implemented in response to the problems

encountered on the proper solid waste management practice. The researchers recognize and commend the efforts made by the City Government and the barangay to carry out the duties for the successful implementation of environmental programs. In addressing the problems on solid waste management; however, much more is needed to create a culture among its residents in terms of recycling, waste reduction, proper waste management practice and maintenance of cleanliness and sanitation in the City of Paranaque.

Recommendation Local Government of Paranaque – The researchers recommend the need for a deeper analysis and study in formulating and making policies and implementing programs and projects concerning solid waste management. The researchers also see the importance of taking into consideration the possible linkages and cooperation between the programs and policies of local and foreign governments in addressing the issue on solid waste management. The Researchers also recommend creating a plantilla or organizational structure of the City Environment and Natural Resources Office similar to the Davao City Environment and Natural Resources Office which has 4 divisions namely; Administrative Division, Parks and Playgrounds Division, Natural Resources Operating Division and Environmental and Waste Management Division for that proper division of responsibilities within the Office. Civic and Non-Governmental Organizations – The civic and NGO’s fill the lack of the government for the betterment of the community. The researchers recommend the civic and NGO’s to conduct further studies about the proper solid waste management practices that will raise the level of awareness and their role on the implementation of RA 9003 that will bring success of the program. The researchers also see the importance of multilateral cooperation among governments, local and multinational civic and governmental organizations that will bring possibilities on solid waste management. Academic Institutions – The researchers recommend the academic institution as early as in the kinder level up to college to include the basic content of RA 9003 in the curriculum such as the Reduce, Re-use, and Recycle system for the effective

promotion of the preservation of the environment and to create a culture of recycling citizens. Future Researchers - The researchers would like to recommend further studies about the topic to deepen the understanding and analysis about the implementation of RA 9003. Likewise they recommend further studies for the development of the system of waste segregation, working solid waste management strategies, recycling and waste reduction practices. This study will serve as a guide and reference for future researches working on the same subject matter. The researchers are also recommending including all of the component barangays of the City of Paranaque as respondents.

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March

25, 2013. TabacoCityCouncilResolutionNo.55-2012 http://www.tabacocity.com.ph/Updates/Resolutions.php?id=9. Retrieved Date January 20, 2014. Environmental problems in the Philippines: Alarming waste problem in the Philippines. http://imagineechoprojectswaste.blogspot.com/2008/04/alarming-waste-problem-inPhilippines.html. Retrieved Date January 20, 2014. Solid waste segregation and recycling in Metro Manila: Household attitudes and behavior http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/eepreport/rr2002062.htm. Retrieved Date January 21, 2014. City to get technical help from Japan. http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/local-news/2012/05/22/city-get-technical-help-japan222695. Retrieved Date February 20, 2014. Kita,Q System Composting in Cebu City 20Presentation.pdf. Retrieved Date April 11, 2014.

Appendix I (Interview guide for the respondents on barangay level) 1. Mayroon po ba kayong Solid Waste Management Committee sa inyong Barangay? Kailan po natin naitatag ito? Sino po ang namumuno sa ating SWMC? _______________________________________________________________ ________ _______________________________________________________________ ________ _______________________________________________________________ ________ _______________________________________________________________ ________ 2. Mayroon po ba tayong Solid Waste Management Plan sa inyong Barangay? Maari niyo po ba ipaliwanag ang plano ninyo? Progreso? _______________________________________________________________ ________ _______________________________________________________________ ________ _______________________________________________________________ ________ _______________________________________________________________ ________ 3. Mayroon po ba tayong Materials Recovery Facilty? _______________________________________________________________ ________ _______________________________________________________________ ________ _______________________________________________________________ ________ _______________________________________________________________ ________ 4. Paano po ang Final Disposal Area? _______________________________________________________________ ________ _______________________________________________________________ ________

_______________________________________________________________ ________ _______________________________________________________________ ________ 5. Maari niyo po bang ibahagi ang mga problemang inyong nakaharap sa pagpapatupad ng Ecological Solid Waste Management? _______________________________________________________________ ________ _______________________________________________________________ ________ _______________________________________________________________ ________ _______________________________________________________________ ________

6. Paano niyo po tinugunan ang mga problemang inyong naharap? _______________________________________________________________ ________ _______________________________________________________________ ________ _______________________________________________________________ ________ _______________________________________________________________ ________ 7. Ano ang mga ginawa o ginagawang Pamahalaang Panglungsod ng Bacoor upang makatulong sa pagpapatupad ng RA 9003 sa inyong barangay? _______________________________________________________________ ________ _______________________________________________________________ ________ _______________________________________________________________ ________

Appendix II (Interview guide for the respondents on local government level)

1.) Do you have a 10 year Solid Waste Management Plan? _____________________________________________________________________ _________ _____________________________________________________________________ _________ _____________________________________________________________________ _________ _____________________________________________________________________ _________ _____________________________________________________________________ a. What is the progress of the plan? _____________________________________________________________ ________ _____________________________________________________________ ________ _____________________________________________________________ ________ _____________________________________________________________ ________ _____________________________________________________________ ________ b. Are the goals of the plan met? _____________________________________________________________ ________ _____________________________________________________________ ________ _____________________________________________________________ ________ _____________________________________________________________ ________ _____________________________________________________________ ________

2.) Do you have a Materials Recovery Facility? _____________________________________________________________________ ___ _____________________________________________________________________ ___ _____________________________________________________________________ ___ _____________________________________________________________________ ___ _______________________________________________________________ a. How is the performance? __________________________________________________________________ _________ __________________________________________________________________ _________ __________________________________________________________________ _________ __________________________________________________________________ _________ __________________________________________________________________ _________ 3.)

Do you have a Final Disposal Area?

_____________________________________________________________________ _________ _____________________________________________________________________ _________ _____________________________________________________________________ _________ _____________________________________________________________________ _________ ____________________________________________________________________ a. How is the performance? _____________________________________________________________ ________ _____________________________________________________________ ________

_____________________________________________________________ ________ _____________________________________________________________ ________ 4.)

What are the problems encountered in the implementation of the programs and policies?

_____________________________________________________________________ _________ _____________________________________________________________________ _________ _____________________________________________________________________ _________ _____________________________________________________________________ _________ a.) How did you address the problem? _____________________________________________________________ ________ _____________________________________________________________ ________ _____________________________________________________________ ________ _____________________________________________________________ ________

5.)

What are the interventions made by the City Government of Paranaque?

_____________________________________________________________________ _________ _____________________________________________________________________ _________ _____________________________________________________________________ _________

December 10, 2018 Kgg. PB ________________________ _______________________________ Kagalang-galang na Punong Barangay: Magandang Araw, Kami po na kumukuha ng Political Science sa Pamantasang De La Salle- Dasmariñas ay nagsasagawa ng pagsasaliksik ukol sa pagpapatupad ng Ecological Solid Waste Management Act o R.A. 9003 sa Lungsod ng Bacoor. Ang mga layunin nito ay: a. Malaman at makalap ang mga ordinansang pambarangay, polisiya at iba pang mga gawain ukol sa pagpapatupad sa RA 9003 sa inyong barangay. b. Maitala ang papel na ginagampanan ng local na pamahalaan sa pagsasagawa ng mga programang pangkalikasan c. Maidokumento ang mmga gawain/programa at hakbang ng barangay tungo sa pagpapalaganap ng isang malinis na kapaligiran. Dahil po dito, hinihiling po namin na makapanayam naming ang ating Kagalanggalang na Kapitan o kaya ang ating Konsehal na namumuno sa Barangay Solid Waste Management Committee o kung sino mang pong may kaalaman sa ecological solid waste management sa ating barangay. Maraming Salamat po Lubos na Gumagalang, ___________________ Researcher Endorsed: _____________________________ ______________ ____________________________ Faculty, Environmental Management Thesis Adviser Chair, Environmental Management

Noted: Dean, Graduate Studies in Master in Science in Environmental Management

December 10, 2018 Hon. ________________________ _____________________________ Dear Sir/Madame, Greetings in PWU’s! We, the undersigned are Environmental Management students of Philippine Women University- Taft working on thesis entitled A Study on the Extent on the Implementation of The Ecological Waste Management Act (RA 9003) in Paranaque City. The goal of this study is: a. To identify and document specific city ordinances, policies and other administrative or organizational interventions leading to the promotion of implementation of RA 9003 in Paranaque City. b. To document the involvement of the Local Government Unit of Paranaque City in the matter of promoting sound environmental management practices. c. To identify and highlight concrete programs/ projects or activities in the city in promoting environmental management consciousness. In view of the foregoing, we are requesting your support and assistance of granting us an interview or accomplishing the attached survey questionnaire. May we also request to your good office that we will conduct interview preferably _____________, _________ and other City Environment and Natural Resources Officers or who is familiar or having knowledge with the environmental management programs/projects of the Paranaque City. Looking for your support and cooperation to this endeavor. Sincerely, Researcher Endorsed: Faculty, Environmental Management

Thesis Adviser

Chair, Environmental

Management Noted:

Dean, Graduate Studies in Master in Science in Environmental Management