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SH AH N AMA OF FIRDA U S I
D ON E I N T O E N G LI S H B Y
WAR N E R
A R TH U R GEO RGE
M A .
,
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AND
E DM O N D
WA R N E R
BA
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Th e home s tha t a re t he dwell ings of t o day ’ Will s ink nea th s ho wer and s u ns hin e t o de ca y , -
But
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H ave bu
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ilt — th
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pala ce
ne v er
f my
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mar
poet ry
w ha t I ”
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F IR D A U S f
VO L I .
LO N D O N PA U L TRE N CH TRtiBN E R ,
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ERR A R D
1 905
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H IS
C A RO LI W
O RK S
U
SIS T E
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N E W A RN E R BY
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RVIVING
B
R O T H ER
.
H ER
PR E F A C E i nt e re s t with w h ic h I u s ed t o loo k fo rw ard t o t h e p u blic ati o n o f thi s wo rk t h e pr e p ar at i o n o f which i nnu me rabl e h appy ho u rs h as b e e n affo rd e d us s a dd e ne d fo r m e o f l at e by t he d e ath o f my e ld e r br o th e r and s e ni o r p art ne r in t h e u nd e rt aki ng I t w as b e g u n s o m e tw e n ty y e ar s ago wh e n h e w as t he I nc u m b e nt o f S t M ary s T o thill Fie ld s W e s t m ins t e r I t w as c o nti nu e d and and h ad b u t s c anty l e i s u r e c arri e d far t o w ard c o m pl e ti o n in mo r e fav o u r abl e c irc u m s t an c e s aft e r h is pre s e n ta ti o n by t h e Gr o c e r s C o m p any t o t h e livi ng o f S t M ary le Bo w Ch e ap s id e TH E
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in
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887
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Fr o m ea rly d ays my br o the r w as d e vo t e d t o t h e s t u dy of H is pr o ficie ncy in O ri e n t al l angu ag e s H e br e w w o n h im at O xfo rd t h e P u s e y and E ll e rt o n S ch o l ars hip in 1 8 6 2 and t h e K e nnic o tt in 1 8 6 3 H e w as al s o a g o o d Ar abic and S yri ac s ch o l ar D u ring his twe nty o ne l ab o ri ou s y e ar s fir s t as C u r at e and th e n I nc u m b e n t at We s t m i ns t e r h e ne v e r I thi nk fo r e w e nt fo r l o ng his fav o u rit e br anch o f s t u dy and I m a y add th at w e w e r e e ng ag e d in r e vi s i ng a pas s age in o u r j o i nt tr ans l atio n al m o s t t o within an h o u r o f his s u dd e n d e ath fro m a wh o lly u ns u s pect e d h e art affe cti o n in April 1 9 0 3 H e is I think fo ndly r e m e m b e r e d by m any S u ch .
.
.
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-
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v
iii
'
m e mo ri e s
in t h e
P R E PA
CE
na u e o f
t r thi ngs b u t fl e e ti ng ; b u t t h e writt e n w o rd r e m ai ns and I am fai n t o h o p e th at by t h e p u blic atio n o f thi s w o rk I m ay b e r ai s i ng t o him an in c o ns pic u ou s p e rh ap s b u t l as t ing m o nu m e nt To t h e v as t m aj o rity o f E ngli s h r e ad e r s t h e S hah na m a s e e m s h ardly t o b e k no w n e v e n by nam e —a fact n o t t o b e w o nd e r e d at c o ns id e ri ng h o w fe w r e fe r e n c e s are m ad e t o it in c urr e nt lit e r atu r e and th at thi s is act u ally t h e fir s t att e m pt t o giv e t h e s u bj e ct m att e r o f t h e gr e at P e r s i an E pic at l arg e in Engli s h I t h as th e r e fo r e s e e m e d d e s ir abl e th at t h e tr ans l ati o n s h o u ld b e acc o m p ani e d by e xpl anat o ry m att e r in t h e fo r m s o f I ntr o d u cti o n N o t e and Argu m e nt To pr e p ar e th e s e h as fall e n t o m y lo t and I am a cc o rdi ngly r e s p o ns ibl e fo r t h e m any fau lt s o f c o m m i s s i o n and o mi s s i o n th at will b e o nly t o o t o t h e e y e s o f s ch o l ar s and e xp e rt s in thi s o bvi o u s br anch o f t h e s u bj e ct I am al s o r e s p o ns ibl e with my br o th e r fo r t h e tr ans l ati o n ge ne r ally and fo r it s fi nal fo r m thr o u gh o u t H is s h ar e h ad h e liv e d wo uld h av e b e e n l arg e r and m o r e i m p o rt ant th an m i ne b u t h is u nti m e ly d e ath will t e nd t o e q u ali s e o u r l ab ou rs On r e vi e wi ng o u r w o rk as a who l e I ve ntu r e t o h o p e th at t h e Engli s h r e ad e r will g ai n fr o m it a v e ry fairly c o rr e ct id e a o f t h e s u bj e ct matt e r o f Firdau s i s gr e at e s t achi e v e m e nt and will at l e as t l e ar n fr o m t h e Intr o d u cti o n and I ntr o d u ct o ry N o t e s wh e r e t o t u r nfo r m o r e s ch o l arly and au th o rit ativ e i nfo r m a ti on o n t h e s u bj e ct I t ak e thi s o pp o rt u nity o f th anking t h e D e l e g at e s o f t h e Cl ar e nd o n P r e s s fo r th e ir ki nd p e r m i s s i o n t o are
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-
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PR E PA m ake
ix
CE
ch ill u s tr ativ e e xtr act s as I ne e d e d fr o m tho s e v o l u m e s o f t h e S acr e d B o o k s o f t h e Eas t S e ri es which c o nt ai n t h e tr ans lati o ns o f t h e Zandav as t a and P ahl avi T e xts by t h e l at e Pr o fe s s o r Darm e s t e t e r and t h e l at e Dr E W W e s t r e s p e ctiv e ly Th e s e t rans la tio ns with th e ir i ntr o d u cti o ns and no t e s are m o s t val u abl e t o t h e s tu d e nt o f t h e S h ah nam a I h ave als o t o th ank my s i s t e r C ar o li ne W ar ne r and m y ne ph e w G e o rg e R e ds t o n W ar ne r fo r o cc as i o nal h e lp I h o p e t o p u bli s h o u r tr an s l ati o n a v o l u m e at a ti me as cir c u ms t anc e s p e rmit su
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E DM O N D WA R N E R E LT H
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Fe bru a ry
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C O N TE N TS
I N TR O DU C TI O N PE O PLE I I : PO ET A N D POEM I I I : TE XT A N D TR A N S LA T IO N I
.
LA N D
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A ND
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LIS T A
REV IO U S PER SI A N
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OF
N C I E NT
G E N E A LO G I O A L TA B LE
A
S
RE V I A T IO N S N O T E O N PR O N U N O I A TI O N A
BB
SHAHNAM A
TH E TH E
PRE LU DE I nv o
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re atnes s A h r i man
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re atne s and F ll o f J ams hid Th e S to ry o f Zahh ak and h is Fath e r H o w I bli s t u rne d C o k H o w t h e Fo r tu ne s o f J amebi d w nt t o Wrack Th e G
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H o w Faridiin q u e s one d h is M o e a o u h is O k and K a a t h e S m o f Zah ha 5 Th e S o a d n e n t o Ba e t Zahh ak 6 H ow
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3 4
xiii
(continued)
i ng
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r r r by S orce ry ri u Tr i l 7 H o w Far i dun di v i de d t h e W rl d among h is S o n 8 H o w S al m gre w nv i o us o f Iraj 9 H o w S al m and Tur s e nt a M e ag e t Faridun e r t o hi S o ns H o w Far i dunmade A ns w 10 I I H o w Iraj we nt t o h i Br th rs H w Iraj w a s l ai n by h is Bro th e rs 12 I 3 H w Fa idim r e c e i e d Ti di ng o f t h e M u rde r H o w S a v p o v e d t h e S o ns o f Fa idu n 5 a o f h is S o ns 6 H O W Fa d n m ade .
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32
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33 34
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Th e
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of
we nt to fight w ith M ih rab H w Zél we nt o n a M i i o n t o M inu h ih H o w M ih rab w as wr th with S ind kh t H o w S i m c o m for te d S ind k h t H w Z ail came t o M inuch ih w ith S é m s L e tte r H ow
.
Cas e
H o w S am
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27
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Ru s
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r ead
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IR A N t h e chi e f s c e ne o f Firdau s i s S hah nam a is b o u nd e d o n t h e no rth by t h e S te pp e s t h e C as pi an S e a and t h e Kur and R i o n riv e r s o n t h e s o u th by t h e I ndi an O c e an o n t h e e as t by t h e v all e y o f t h e I nd u s and o n t h e w e s t by th at o f t h e Tigri s and At pr es e n t it E u phr at e s and by t h e P e r s i an Gu lf i ncl u d e s P e r s i a A fgh ani s tan B al u chi s tan and s mall p o rti o ns o f R u s s i a and T u rk e y I t is a l o fty and for t h e m o s t p art a r ai nl e s s t abl e l and tr ave r s e d by nu m e r ou s m o u nt ai n r ang e s divid e d fr o m e ach o th e r b y fl at pl ai ns and falli ng aw ay t o w ard t h e c e ntr e which is a d e s e rt whit e with s alt s c u rf Th e m o u nt ai ns are du n with p o wd e ry d u s t or high e s t r o u nd t h e e dg e s o f t h e t abl e l and and i nt e rc e pt S o m e m o i s t u r e h o w e v e r fi nd s m o s t o f t h e r ai nfall it s w ay e ve n i nt o t h e r ainl e s s r e gi o n wh e r e it g ath e r s d u ring wi nt e r o n t h e h igh e r h ill s in t h e fo r m o f s no w This s no w w at e r is c ar e fu lly h u s b and e d and di s trib u t e d by m e ans o f u nd e rgro u nd w at e r c o u r s e s Th e int e ri o r is h o w e v e r drying u p and city vill ag e and c u ltiv at e d fi e ld are b e i ng gr ad u ally o ve rwh e l m e d in d u s t and s hifti ng s and s P os s ibly as l at e as e arly his t o ric al ti m e s v e ry ’
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I N T R O D UC TIO N
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diffe r e nt c o nditi o ns pr e v ail e d Th e l o w e r pl ains and d e pr e s s i o ns o nc e fo r m e d a s e ri es o f l ak e s th at s u gg e s t e d t h e app e ar an c e o f an in l an d s e a and s u ch n am e s as i s l an d p o rt lighth o u s e & c are s aid t o s till s u rviv e in pl ac e s as a r e lic and i ndic ati o n o f t h e o ld 1 whil e a c o ns id e r abl e b o dy o f w at e r s t at e o f thi ng s is s till t o b e fo u nd in t h e e as t e r n h alf o f t h e c e ntr al de pr e s s i o n o n t h e fr o nti e r b e tw e e n P ers i a and Afgh ani s Thi s r e gi o n is no w k no wn as S is ta n b u t in anci e nt t an ti m e s w as c all e d Drangiana o r t h e l ak e c o u ntry a n am e which s u rviv e d mu ch l at e r in it s fo r m e r c apit al Z ar ang and as Zirih is s till u s e d in c o nne cti on with it s l ak e Fr o m April till l at e in t h e au t u m n t h e s ky s av e fo r an o cc as i on al th u nd e rs t o r m am o ng t h e m o u n t ai ns is an u n cl o u d e d az u r e in wi nt e r a g o o d d e al o f s no w fall s and in s pring t h e th u nd e r s t o r m s are h e avy and fr e qu e n t Th e air is as a r u l e r e m ark ably h e althy b u t o n t h e b o rd e r s o f t h e d e s e r t s t h e i nh abit ant s h av e s o m e ti m e s t o live s hu t u p fo r w e e k s t o g e th e r t o 2 av o id t h e p e s til e n ti al bl as t s Th e favo u r e d r e gi o ns are th os e th at fr on t w e s t and Th e y are s pl e n didly w o o d e d and no rth r e s p e ctiv e ly all t h e o rdinary fl o w e r s and fr u it s e xtr e m e ly fe rtil e o f E u r o p e do w e ll whil e in t h e di s trict b e tw e e n t h e Alb u r z M o u nt ai ns and t h e C as pi an and k no wn as Ma z and aran t h e cli m at e is s e m itr o pic al an d t h e v e ge t ati o n m os t l u xu ri ant H e r e ric e t h e s u g ar c ane 3 t h e vi ne t h e o r ang e and t h e o liv e fl o u ris h In th e fe w w at e r e d v all e ys of t h e l o ng s ou th e rn c o as t t h e cli m at e is tr o pic al in ch ar act e r Th e t am aris k and m i mo s a are l arg e ly r e pr e s e nt e d and h e r e and th e r e are gr o v e s o f d at e p al m s .
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ighb ou rh o o d o f t h e s alt d e s e rt s is t h e h au n t o f t h e wild as s o r o nag e r and o f t h e ant e l o p e t h e s l o p e o f t h e m o u n t ain r ang e s o f t h e wild s h e e p o r arg ali an d th e ir s u m m it o f t h e wild g o at o r ib e x Th e t r act s artifici ally r e cl ai m e d and w at e r e d are t h e fav o u rit e h o m e o f t h e s andgr o u s e and t h e highl and s t h e v u lt u r e t h e falc o n t h e r av e n t h e o f t h e e agl e and t h e nighti ng al e —t h e b u lbu l o f t h e p o e t s c re w Th e ac o r ns o f t h e w e s t e r n s l o p e s attr ac t t h e wild s wi ne which in t u r n t e m pt t h e li o n fr o m t h e r e e d b e ds 1 o f t h e Tigri s and t h e c o v e r o f it s trib u t ari e s S win e t o o ab o u nd in Maz an d ara n and affo rd fo o d fo r t h e tig e r which fl o u ris h e s th e r e t h e d e ns e u nd e rgr o wth af fo rdi ng it as go o d and v e g e t ati o n o f th at r e gi o n 2 an I n di an j u ngl e H e r e t o o are fou nd s h e lt e r as d e e r b u ffal o s w an w at e rfo wl w o o dc o ck and ph e as ant S p e aki ng o f t h e c o u ntry m o r e g e ne r ally w e m ay add t o thi s li s t l e o p ard s W ildc at s w o lv e s b e ar s hy aenas fo x e s s nak e s s c o rpi o ns v ip e r s li z ard s t he p artri dge Th e chi e f d o m e s tic ani m al s are t h e o x and t h e l ark t h e s h e e p e s p e ci ally t h e fat t ail e d v ari e ty th e h o r s e t h e c am e l and t h e m u l e Iran is a l and o f s h arp c o ntr as t s o f i nt e ns e h e at and c old o f s u dd e n and ab no r m al ch ang e s o f t e m p e r atu r e o f de ad l e v e l and s t e e p as c e n t o f s pl e ndid fe r t ility h ard by life l e s s d e s o l ati o n o f irrig ati o n and d u s t Its n at u r al ch ar act e ri s tic s fi nd e xpr e s s i o n in t h e anci e n t We are t o ld th at U rmu z d c o s m o go ny o f it s p e o pl e — n G d Pri cipl cr e at e d e arth as a l o v e ly pl ain o e the o b ath e d in a m ild p e rpe t u al r adi anc e fanne d by s o ft t e m p e r at e air s b o u nt e o u s ly pr o vid e d with fr e s h s w e e t w at e r s and cl ad in a s m o o th and h ar m l e s s v e g e t ati o n H e r e t h e Fir s t M an and t h e Fir s t O x dw e lt i n p e ac e Ahri m an—t h e Evil Pri ncipl e —br o k e and h appi ne s s i nt o thi s fair s c e ne and all w as ch ang e d Gl o o m m i ng e d wi t h light t h e s e as o ns di ffe r e nc e b e g an t h e ne
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I N TR O D UC T IO N
6
t u rne d s alt t h e s tr e ams dwi ndl e d t h e v e g e t ati on gre w r o u gh and th o r ny dr o ught c am e and d u s t and d e s e rt ; m ou nt ai n r ang e s S pr ang u p fr o m t he pl ain and t h e m an and e x w e r e s trick e n with di s e as e and di e d ; b u t fr o m t h e b o dy o f t h e fo r m e r s prang t h e fir s t h u m an p air fr o m wh o m all t h e e arth w as o v e r s pr e ad and fr o m t h e b o dy o f t h e l att e r all o th e r h ar m l e s s u s e fu l and b e au tifu l ani m al s whil e A hri m an in o pp o s iti on t o th e s e cr e at e d all no i s o m e and hid e o u s i ns e ct s r e ptil e s and cr e atu r e s s h arp o f fang o r cl aw Le t u s n o w t u r n fr o m t h e l and t o t h e p e o pl e Fo r us th e r e is no o cc as i o n t o dis cu s s qu e s ti o ns o f rac e fr o m any v e ry m o d e r n s t andp o int Fo r u s it is r at h e r wh at e thnic al vi e ws o bt aine d in anci e nt I ra n and m o u ld e d it s tr aditi o ns A s t o th e s e th e r e is h appily littl e r o o m fo r d o u bt D ari u s H y s t aspis t h e fo u nd e r o f t h e P e r s i an e m pir e am s t o f it s hi s t o ric S hah s h av i ng d e cid e d t h e m att e r fo r u s On t he r o ck o f Bihis t un h e r e c o rd e d h is gr e at achi e v e m e nts in a trili ng u al in s cripti o n t h e l ang u ag e s e m pl o y e d b e i ng anci e nt P e r s i an B abyl o ni an and S cythi an Th e o bvi o u s e xpl anat i o n o f h is pr o c e e ding is th at h e r e c o g nis e d in t h e p o p u l ati o n o f h is v as t e m pire thr e e dis ti nct r ac e s o f manki nd and r e g ardi ng l ang u ag e as di s t i nctiv e o f r ac e u s e d it t o e m ph as i s e th at gr e at p o litic al fact I n t h u s dis ti ng u i s hi ng h e fo ll o w e d a tr u e phil o l o gic al ins ti nct and his dis tincti ons s till l arg e ly o bt ai n at t h e pr e s e nt day E ach o f his thr e e l ang u ag e s r e pr e s e nt s a gr e at divi s i on o f h u m an s p e e ch H is vi e w as w e s h all s ee agr e e s with t h e tr aditi o ns and l e g e nd s o f his r ac e an d if s o m e m o d e r n S hah w e r e t o r e s t o r e t h e e m pir e o f D ari u s an d wi s h e d t o i m it at e t h e e x am pl e o f h is gr e at pr e d e c e s s o r h e w o u ld s till h av e t o ch o o s e l ang u ag e s typic al o f t h e s am e thr e e divi s i o ns I n wh at fo ll o w s th e r e fo r e l ang u ag e is m ad e t h e b as i s o f cl as s ific ati o n and t h e divi s i o n s th u s cl as s ifi e d are c o mm only c all e d t h e I nd o Eu r o p e an t h e S e m itic and s e as
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I N TR O D UC TIO N
8
r e gard e d as t h e r ai n s t e al e r Th e g o o d s pirit s h as t e ne d t o t h e r e s c u e t h e light ning — fl as h cl o v e t h e cl o u d and t h e d e m o ns dr o pp e d th e ir b o o ty Th e s e rp e nt fi e nd h ad t o b e c o m b at e d fo r o th e r r e as o ns t o o fo r h is b it e br o u ght fe v e r di s e as e and d e ath Acc o rd ingly t h e divi n e phy s ici an app e ar e d s id e by s id e with t h e divi ne h e r o Trita with Trait ana an d b e c am e as w e s h all s e e l at e r o n m e rg e d i n t o a s i ngl e p e r s o nality in Ira ni an l e g e nd S acrific e s w e r e o ffe r e d and t h e dri nk O ffe ri ng o f t h e j u ic e o f t h e S o m a o r H o m a pl ant w as p o u r e d fo rth Th e pl an t is u s u ally id e ntifi e d as b e i ng t h e A s clepi as a cida o r S ar cos t emm a o i m in ale ‘ Th e A ry ans al s o w o r s hipp e d t h e s pirit s o f th e ir an c e s t o r s and w e r e b e li e v e r s in wh at is c all e d s m y p ath e tic m agi c Th e y th o u ght th at i nj u ry d o ne t o anythi ng in t h e r e m o t e s t w a c o nne ct e d with th e ir y o wn p e r s o ns w o u ld affe c t th e m s e lv e s i nj u ri o u s ly Even t h e kn o wl e dg e o f th e ir nam e m igh t b e t u rne d t o th e ir h u rt and w e s h all fi nd i ns t anc e s in t h e p o e m o f childr e n b e i ng br o u ght u p u nnam e d t o av o id th at c o nti ng e ncy At a p e ri o d which c anno t b e pu t at l e s s th an fo u r th o u s and y e ar s ago t h e Ary ans t he m s e lve s div id e d and whil e a p o rti o n d e s c e nd e d t o t h e I ndu s and b e c am e t h e d o m i nant r ac e in I ndi a t h e r e s t r e m ai ne d and gr ad u ally t o o k p o s s e s s i o n o f all th at w as h abit abl e in t h e v as t r e gi o n th at c o ns e q u e ntly b e c am e k no w n as t h e l and o f Th e A r ans th u s b e c am e s e p ar at e d t h e Ary ans o r I ran i nt o t w o br anch e s — an Eas t e r n and a We s t e r n With t h e fo r m e r w e are b u t littl e c o n c e r ne d ; t h e l e g e nd ary h nam a s t o ry o f t h e l at t e r is t h e th e m e o f t h e S h a O f th e s e W e s t e r n Ary ans t h e t wo m o s t fam o u s p e o pl e s h av e e ve r b e e n t h e M e d e s and P e r s i ans b t S m k nd nd B lkh in t h Th pl n t gr w in t h r gi n th Th h t w r p nd d in a n rth and in Ki r man i n t h gr ni h li q i d w a pr d c d which m ortar nd w t r b i ng dd d ha i ng b n tr i n d w mix d w ith milk nd b arl y w ild ric nd ll w d t f rm nt Th pr d ct w i nt xic ti ng S G H P i 3 6 w as pe rv e r s e ly
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I N T RO D UC TIO N
9
M e d e s wh o s e m o d e r n r e pr e s e nt ative s if any s e e m t o b e t h e Kurd s app e ar in anci e nt ti m e s t o h av e b e e n a l o o s e c onfe d e rati o n O f ki ndre d trib e s br o k e n u p i nt o nu m e r ou s s e ttl e m e nt s e ach u nd e r it s l o c al h e ad 1 m an o r chi e f Th e y s e e m t o h ave h ad no s u pr e m e p o litic al h e ad o r ki ng t o u nit e t h e r ac e u nd e r o ne c e ntr al au th o rity Th e ir c o m mo n b o nd if any w as a r e ligi o u s o ne u nd e r th e ir pri e s t s t h e M agi Acc o rdi ng t o th e ir o w n tr aditi o ns t h e o rigi nal s e at o f t h e r ac e w as Iran v ej i e Irani an s e e d and thi s has b e e n w e ll id e ntifi e d with t h e di s trict o f K ar ab agh t h e anci e n t Arra n t h e Hpi a ma o f t h e Gr e e k s b e tw e e n t h e Kur and t h e Ar as wh e r e t h e Anti C au c as u s fo r m s t h e tr u e no rth w e s t e r n s c arp o f t h e t abl e l and o f Ira n 2 In hi s t o ric al ti m e s h o w e v e r w e firs t fi nd t h e M e d e s in ss ess q of t o giv e it p p i q " i ts anci e n t titl e A t rfi iat e ne Th e P e r si ans o cc u pi e d fro m ti m e i m m e m o ri al t h e c o u ntry o n t h e e as t e r n s h o r e s o f t h e P e r s i an G u lf n o w r e pr es e nt e d by t h e m o d e rn pr o vinc e s o f Fars is t an and Laris t an and w e r e r u l e d by k ings o f t h e h ou s e o f A ch ae m g p g s Th e s e t w o p e o pl e s cl o s e ly c o nne ct e d as t e y w e r e by l ang u ag e and r ac e b e c am e in t h e d ay s o f D ariu s H y s t as pis d o m i nant in Ira n and t o thi s do m i nati o n t h e M e d e s app e ar t o h av e c o ntrib u t e d t h e r e ligi o u s t h e P e r s i ans B e tw e e n t he M ode s and t h e t h e p o litic al e l e m e nt Pe r s i ans lay in anci e nt ti m e s as w e l e ar n fr o m A s s yri an and B abyl o ni an r e c o rd s o th e r ki ndr e d p e o pl e s —t h e ki ngd o m o f El am with it s c apit al at S u s a s o m e tw e nty fi v e m il e s t h e m o d e r n S hu s t e r and t h e ki ngd o m o f E lli i in t h e ne ighb o u rh o o d o f th e m o d e r n H am ada n p Th e Ira ni ans as a wh o l e w e r e b o u nd e d o n t h e w e s t by O n th e S e m itic and o n t h e no rth by Tura ni an p e o pl e s e as t th e y w e r e c o n t e r m ino u s with t h e Ary an s o f I ndi a and u lti m at e ly th e y c am e i nt o c o n t act with t h e W e s t e r n Th e
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IN TR O D UC TIO N
10
I nd o E u r o p eans
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w e ll no t ably with t h e Gr e e k s and R o m ans A s t h e c o s m o go ny and r e ligio n o f t h e Irani ans w e r e l arg e ly d e riv e d fr o m th e ir phy s ic al s o w as th e ir tr aditi o n fr o m th e ir e t h nic al e nvir o nm e nt We are c on c e rne d with all thr e e b u t e s p eci ally with t h e l as t —th e ir tr aditi o n Th e r e m aind e r o f t h e pr e s e n t ch apt e r will th e re fo r e b e d e v o t e d t o a bri e f and n e c e s s arily dry s u m m ary o f th e ir hi s t o ric al r e l ati o ns with t h e S e m it e s as r e pr e s e nt e d by t h e As s yri ans in e arly and t h e Ar ab s in l at e r ti m e s with o th e r I nd o E u r o p e an r ac e s r e pr e s e nt e d by t h e Gr e e k s and R o m ans in t h e w e s t and by t h e Hi nd u s in t h e e as t and with t h e Tura ni ans as r e pr e s e nt e d by t h e Kimm e rians S cy t hians w w W fr an ia ns a n d the S em i tes —I n t h e nu me r o u s c ont e m p o r ary r e c o rd s o f t h e A s s yri ans w e fi nd m any r e fe r e nc e s t o t h e Irani ans The wh o l e o f t h e w e s t e rn fr o nti e r o f Iran fr o m t h e M e d e s in t h e no rth t o t h e P e r s i ans in t h e s o u th s e e m s t o h av e b e e n s u bj e ct e d at o ne p o i nt o r ano th e r t o al m o s t c o ns t ant aggr e s s i o n at fir s t by m e r e r aid s b u t l at e r o n by at t e m pt s at p e rm ane nt c o nqu e s t at t he h and s o f t h e gr e at w arri o r m o narch s o f N ine v e h —S h al m ane s e r I I ( B C 8 58 8 2 R i mm o n nirari III S am as R i mm o n I I ( B C 8 2 3 as
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I N TRO D UC T IO N
wh el me d by
1 1
c o nfe d e r acy which incl u d e d t h e M e d e s Pr o b ably no e m pir e w as e v e r l e s s l am e nt e d by t h e w o rld at l arge for w e h ave t h e A s s y ri ans o wn w o rd fo r it th at th e ir w arfar e w as att e n d e d with e v e ry circ u m s tanc e o f cru e lty and h o rr o r Th ey h o ld i nd e e d a b ad re e m i ne nc e in th at r e s p e ct o v e r all t h e o th e r p nati o ns o f an tiq u ity With t h e fall o f Ni ne ve h s e ri o u s S e m itic aggr e s s i on c e as e d s o far as t h e Irani ans w e r e c o nc e r ne d t ill aft e r t h e Chri s ti an e ra h ad b e g u n Ar abi a w as at t h at e p o ch e xtr e m e ly pr os p e r o u s and c arri e d o n a v as t c ar av an t r affic in n ativ e pr o d u c e and i m p o rt s fr o m I ndi a with t h e w e s t and no rth Wh e n h o w e v e r R o m e h ad b e c o me r e c ogni s e d as t h e c e ntr e o f t h e w o rld h e r m e rch ant s s o o n hi t u p o n a l e s s circ u it o u s and c o ns o qu e ntly ch e ap e r r ou t e Th e y s t art e d a dir e ct tr affic b e tw e e n I ndi a and t he R e d S e a wh e r e by m e rch andis e i ns t e ad o f b e i ng l and e d in S o u th e rn Ar abi a and th e nc e c o nv e y e d no rthw ard s by l and w as dis ch arg e d at Ars ino e Cle o pat ris ( S u e z ) and o th e r Egypti an p o rt s A s a r e s u lt S o u th e r n Ar abi a—t h e m o s t fe r t il e and p o pu l o u s r e gi o n o f t h e p e ni ns u l a—w as r u i ne d and in ti m e b o th th e r e and al o ng t h e li ne s o f t h e o ld c ar av an r o u t e s o nly m as s i v e r e m ains o f citi e s c anal s d am s an d aq u e d u ct s w e r e l e ft t o wit ne s s t o a l o s t pr o s p e rity A v as t p o p u l ati o n w as thr o w n o u t o f e m pl o y m e n t and t h e A r ab s b e g an t o e m igr at e no rthw ard as e arly it w o u ld as t h e fir s t c e n t u ry A D s ee m Th e A z dit e s in thi s w ay fo u nde d t h e citi e s o f Hir a and A nb ar o n t h e E u phr at e s and w e r e l o rd s o f D am as c u s t ill t h e d ay s o f t h e Kh al ifa U m ar O th e r trib e s fr o m t h e s o u th s e ttl e d in t h e m o u n t ai ns o f Aj a and S al m a t o the z no rth o f N aj d and Al H aj a Th e s e N o rth e r n Ar ab s w e r e divid e d in th e ir all e gi anc e b e tw e e n t h e R o m an and s as a ni an e m pir e s ; and th e ir q u arr e l s am o ng t h e m s e l v e s th e ir r e s tl e s s ne s s and i nc o ns t ancy m ad e th e m th o rns in t h e s id e s o f b o th and le d t o m any a
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I N TR O D UC TIO N
12
diffic u lti e s Th e d e fe at o f J u li an by S ap o r II is s aid t o h av e b e e n l arg e ly du e t o t h e d e fe cti o n o f t h e Ar ab alli e s o f t h e fo r m e r whil e o n t h e o th e r h an d t h e w e s t e r n fr o nti e r o f Ira n w as alw ay s li abl e t o b e e v e r ru n by th e m as far n o rth as and i n cl u di ng A z arb i a n j Th e h av o c c au s e d w as o ft e n gr e at and t h e r e t ali ati o n o n o cc as i o ns fe r o ci o u s With t h e ri s e o f M u h am m ad t h e Ar ab s b e c am e gr e at r e ligi o u s and p o litic al p o w e r Aft e r h is a d e ath in A D 6 3 2 h e w as s u cc e e d e d in t u rn by Ab u B akr anm arf I n t he c o u rs e o f t h e t e n y e ar s o f t h e l att e r s r u l e Ira n w as c o nqu e r e d by h is ge ne r al s aft e r t h e thr e e gr e at b attl e s o f Kadis iy y a and J alula in A D A dy nas t y o f high o ffici al s 6 3 7 and N ahav and A D 64 1 o f t h e S a s a ni an e m pir e s till h e ld o u t and m ain t ai ne d 1 h n h a s s t e an ci e t faith in t e f t ne s e s o f Ma z and ara n b u t Ira n as a wh o l e w as b o th fr o m a r e ligio u s and a p o litic al p o i nt o f vi e w s u b m e rg e d Th e r e ligi o u s c o nqu e s t pr o v e d t o b e p e r m ane nt b u t aft e r a ti m e nati o n al fe e li ng b e g an t o re as s e rt it s e lf ag ai ns t t h e p o li t ic al as t h e fo ll o wing bri e f s u mm ary o f e v e nt s m ay s e rv e t o s h o w U m ar app o i nt e d a c o mm itt e e o f five t o s e l e ct t h e ne xt Kh al ifa aft e r his d e ath Aft e r l o ng d e b at e th e y ch o s e Uth m a n b u t s u b s e q u e ntly r e p e nti ng o f th e ir ch o ic e thr e e o f t h e fi v e br o u ght ab o u t h is as s as s i n ati o n aft e r a r e ig n o f tw e lv e y e ar s A li as Kh ali fa (A D Uth m an an d no m i n at e d w as o f t h e Um ayy ad fam ily and it s h e ad M u awiy a th e n g o v e rno r o f S yri a t o o k u p ar m s t o av e nge h im N e ith e r h ad any dir e ct cl ai m t o t h e Khilafat b u t A li w as t h e s o n o f M u h am m ad s u ncl e Abu Talib and h ad m arri e d t h e pr o ph e t s d au ght e r Fati m a k no w n as A li M u h am m ad h ad s aid o f him : t h e m aid e n is fo r m e and I am fo r h im ; h e s t and s t o m e in t h e r ank as A ar o n did t o M o s e s ; I am t h e t o wn s ame and h e is t h e g at e i n which all k no wl e dg e is s h u t u p .
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I N TR O D U C TI O N
1
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it 1 A li c ame t o b e r e g ard e d as as s o ci at e d in a v e ry ith w h e pr o ph e t and w as k no w n as h is t s p e ci al w a y e x e c u t o r o r m and at ary and al s o as t h e L i o n o f Go d o r M u awiy a o n t h e o th e r h and w as s i m ply as t h e Li o n t h e s o n o f o ne o f M u h amm ad s bitt e r e s t o pp o ne nt s and h ad no thi ng b u t h is o w n abiliti e s t o r e c o m m e nd h im I n t h e h e at o f t h e c o nt e s t which e ns u e d s o m e o f Ali s fo ll o w e r s in th e ir z e al fo r h im w e nt t o o far Th e y no t o nly cl ai m e d t h e Khilafat fo r h im by divi ne righ t b u t act u ally de ni e d th at Abu B akr U m ar and Uth m a n h ad any titl e t o b e r e g ard e d as l e giti m at e Kh alifas at This s h o ck e d and dr e w a g o o d m any o f t h e all fai t hfu l i nt o M u aw iy a s c am p and t h e t w o p arti e s b e c ame kno w n as S hi it e s (p arti s ans ) and S u nnit e s m iii m d an ox e Miflia a o rth o d t h v e n t a n e x t r e n I e e ( ) s e ct k no w n as Kh arij it e s ( di s s e nt e r s o s e at which r a ) th at ti m e d e ni e d t h e right s o f b o th c andid at es adv o c at e d t h e b e s t o w al o f t h e Khilafat o n th e bes t and c am e t o t h e c o n cl u s i o n th at t h e tr u e c o u r s e o u t o r e m o v e b o th w o u ld b e t o f t h e difli c u lt A l i s w a y acc o rdi ngly as s as s i nat e d b u t M u awiy a e s c ap e d and b e c am e Khalifa with ou t fu rthe r di s p u t e 2 Th e wr o ngs o f A li h o w e v e r as m any th o u ght th e m h ad t ak e n h o ld o n t h e p o p u l ar m i nd e s p e ci ally in ira n and w e r e i nt e ns ifi e d wh e n h is s o n H u s ai n —t h e gr and s o n o f M u h amm ad hi ms e lf—w as s l ain by M u awiya s s o n and Th e U m ay y ads wh o s e chi e f s u cc e s s o r Yiz id A D 6 8 1 s u pp o rt lay in S yri a h ad ne c e s s arily t o r u l e fr o m D am as c u s and thi s t e nd e d t o s l ack e n th e ir h o ld o v e r th e ir E as t e rn p os s e s s i o ns T aki ng adv ant ag e o f thi s fact and e xpl o iting t h e fe e li ng ab o u t A li t o th e ir o wn adv ant ag e t h e d e s c e nd an t s o f Abba s o ne o f M u h am m ad s u ncl e s gr adu ally un d e r m in e d t h e p os iti o n o f t h e r e ig ni ng h ou s e till at l e ngth in t h e y e ar A D 7 50 with t h e as s i s t anc e o f t h e P e rs i ans th e y s u ppl ant e d t h e U m ay y ads e v e rywh e r e e xc e pt in S p ain Th e ”
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I N T RO D U C TIO N
14
tri u m ph o f t h e Abba s id s w as a h alf tri u mph fo r P e rs i an nati o nality and t he fact w as r e c o g ni s e d by t h e ab and o nm e n t o f D am as c u s as t h e s e at o f e m pir e and a r e tu r n t o t h e o ld s t at e o f thi ngs th at h ad pre v ail e d u nd e r t h e S a s a ni ans by t h e b u ildi ng o f B aghdad and t h e tr ans fe r e nc e t o it o f t h e s e at o f g o v e rn m e n t A no th e r tri u m ph w as w on wh e n aft e r t h e d e ath o f H arunu r R as h id h is s o n Ma m u n wh o s e m o th e r w as a P e r s i an s l av e o v e rc ame with P e r s i an h e lp his br o th e r A m in wh o w as s u pp o rt e d by S yri a Ma m u n w as t he l as t gr e at Abbas id Kh alifa (A D 8 1 3 —8 3 D e cline s o o n fo ll o w e d I n A D 8 6 1 t h e Kh alifa M u t awak k il w as m u rde r e d by h is o wn s o n and t h e Abba s id s b e c am e th e nc e fo rth i ns ig nific ant h avi ng littl e p o w e r o u t s id e t h e w all s o f B aghdad and d e p e nd e nt chi e fly o n t h e fo rb e ar anc e o f th e ir m ay o rs o f t h e p al ac e if t h e e xpr e s appli e d t o E as t e r n hi s t o ry w h o pr e fe rr e d s i on m a b e y t o v e il th e ir o w n s u pr e m acy b e hi nd t h e r e v e r e nc e s till i ns pir e d by t h e K halifas in th e ir r e ligi o u s as p e ct as C o mm and e r s o f t h e F aithfu l I n t h e t e nth c e nt u ry thi s ic e w as h e ld by t h e Dilam ids w h o cl ai me d d e s c e nt o ff fro m t h e an ci e nt P e r s i an ki ng s and w e r e fe rv e n t S h i it e s Th e y r u l e d o v e r W e s t e rn and S ou th e rn Ira n p o s i ng In t h e whil e as t h e Kh ali fas m o s t o b e di e nt s l av e s w h o cl ai m e d t o t h e no rth and e as t t h e S am anide s b e d e s c e nd e d fr o m t h e fam o u s Ira ni an h e r o B ahra m Chu bina b u t w e r e in r e ality o f T u rk m an d e s c e nt w e r e Th e p o litic al s u pr e m acy o f t h e Ar ab s in s u pr e m e Iran w as at an e nd — k Th e h e r e s a n d R o n s m t G e a The I r an i a n s a n d hi s t o ric s trife b e tw e e n P e r s i an and Gr e e k is s o fam ili ar t o u s th at it is hard t o r e ali s e th at t h e o nly po rt io n o f it in Ira ni an l e g e nd th at in any w ay c o i ncid e s with au th e ntic h is t o ry is th at which d e al s with t h e i nv as i o n o f t h e E as t by Al e x and e r t h e Gr e at ; and e v e n thi s is m o s tly b as e d no t o n native b u t Gr e e k tr aditi o n s o m o di fi e d by Irani an p atri o ti s m as t o gl o s s o v e r o r e xpl ain ’
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I N TR O D UC TIO N
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wh e n a Brah man dynas ty r e pl ac e d t h e B u ddhi s t I t w as pr o b ably no t m u ch b e fo r e t h e e l e v e nth c e nt u ry o f t he Chris ti an e ra th at M u h am m ad ani s m fi nally ‘ m u i tri ph e d n th o s e r e gi o ns To t h e Z o r o as tri an h o w e v e r no l e s s th an t o t h e M u h amm ad an B u ddhis m and Br ah m ani s m w e r e alik e id o l atry and thi s vi e w h as l e ft as w e s h all s e e it s m ark o n Irani an l e ge nd Th e fi e rc e w ar s c arri e d o n agai ns t t h e id o l at e rs o f I ndi a by t h e M u h am m ad ans o f E as t e r n Ira n at t h e e nd o f t h e t e nth and t h e b e ginning o f t h e e l e ve nth c e nt u ry h av e al s o le ft t h e ir m ark The I r an i a n s a n d Tar an i a n s — S av ag e b arb aro u s and u nc o u th t h e nati o ns o f t h e N o rth h av e al way s b e e n n o t o ri o u s fo r t h e dis g u s t and t e rr o r with which th e y h av e i ns pir e d t h e high e r civili s ati o ns o f t h e S o u th Th e T urani ans w e r e littl e b e tte r th an t h e A s s yri ans in th e ir tr e atm e nt o f v anqu i s h e d fo e s and d e cid e dly w o rs e I n t h e m o s t anci e nt ti m e s o f which w e h av e in as p e ct an r e c o rd t h e gr e at highw ay fo r th e s e nati o ns s o u th y w ard l ay b etw e e n t h e C as pi an and Eu xi ne S e as Th e y h ad th e r e fo r e t o cr o s s t h e b arri e r o f t h e C au c as u s which is s aid t o b e o nly p as s abl e s av e by e xp e rt Alpi ne cli m b e rs in thr e e pl ac e s o ne at e ach e nd and o ne ne ar t h e c e n tr e O f th e s e t h e m o s t pr actic abl e fo r l arge b o di e s o f m e n lay al o ng t h e fl at s h o r e s o f t h e C as pi an Th e C au c as u s s t o p s s h o rt o f th at s e a and o nly o ne s p u r r ang e r u nning in a no rth e as t e rly dir e ctio n of t he B e tw e e n thi s s p u r and t h e s e a ne arly appr o ach e s it wh e r e t h e p as s age is narr o w e s t s t and s t h e t o w n o f D arb and H e r e acc o rdi ng t o t h e l e ge nd S ik and ar i e Al e x and e r t h e Gr e at b u ilt a m ighty b arri e r t o r e s tr ain t h e in c u r s i o ns o f G o g and M ag o g i e o f t h e Tura ni ans S u ch a w all e xt e ndi ng acr os s t h e P as s o f D arb an d w as is a nian actu ally b u ilt fo r th a t p u rp o s e by t h e gr e at S a S hah N us h irw an t h e c o nt e m p o r ary o f t h e E m p e r o r J u s tini an and th o s e t w o r u l e r s agr e e d t o s h are t h e .
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xp ens e o f pr e v e nting b arb ari s m fr o m p e ne tr ati ng s o u th 1 C c h a a u s Tw o c e nt u ri e s l at e r wh e n t h e K h az ar s s oft e u a T u rki s h r ac e fr o m wh at is no w S o u th e r n R u s s i a c apt u r e d Tiflis and wr o u ght gr e at h avo c t h e Abbas id Kh alifa M ans ur e r e ct e d de fe ns iv e w o rk s and s e cu r e d t h e wh o l e r e gi o n u p t o t h e gr e at m o u nt ai n b arri e r 2 C o m ing d o w n t o l at e r ti m e s and r e g ardi ng t h e m att e r fr o m t h e o th e r s id e w e m ay m e nti o n th at o ne o f P e t e r t h e Gr e at s fir s t act s aft e r his acc e s s i o n t o t h e thr o ne w as t o m ak e s u r e o f D arb and Th e fir s t hi s t o ric al i nv as i o n by a Turani an r ac e is th at o f t h e Kim me rians o f H o m e r and H e r o d o t u s t h e G o m e r o f t h e Bibl e and t h e G imirra o f t h e A s s yri an i ns cripti o ns w h o app e ar t o h ave dw e lt in e arly ti me s o n t h e D ni e s t e r and t h e S e a o f A z o f wh e n c e th e y w e r e driv e n by t h e pr e s s u r e o f ki ndr e d r ac e s wh o m t h e A s s yri ans c all e d M and a Tr av e r s ing t h e P as s o f Dar b and th e y s e ttl e d fo r a ti m e no rth o f t h e Ar as wh e r e u nd o u bt e dly th e y m u s t h av e c o m e i n t o c o nt act with B e i ng s till pr e s s e d u p o n fr o m t h e no rth t h e M e de s th e y m ad e an u ns u cc e s s fu l att e m pt t o i nv ad e A s s yri a in R C 67 7 and th e n t u r ne d w e s tw ard i nt o A s i a Mi no r ? I n t h e w ak e o f t h e Kimm e rian i nv as i o n c am e t h e c au s e o f it —t h e S ac ae o r S cy thi ans w h o s e e m t o h av e fo rc e d t h e li ne o f t h e Ar as t o h av e o v e rr u n t h e t e rri t o ry o f t h e M e d e s and t h e kingd o m o f E llipi and t o h av e e s t abli s h e d as th e ir c apit al t h e fam o u s ci t y o f E kb at ana t h e m o de r n H am ada n in wh at h as alw ay s b e e n kno w n in anci e nt hi s t o ry as M e di a M ag na I t s e e m s t o h av e b e e n thi s d o m i nati o n o f t h e S ac ae at E k b at ana th at h as b e e n r e c o rd e d fo r u s in hi s t o ry as Th e c o nfu s i o n app e ar s t o t h e E m pir e o f t h e M e d e s thi arr ng m nt i ai d t ha In R S M 3 5 G DF 8 7— 89 b g n in t h r ig n f Y dagi d I I and t h y ng r Th d i Th r d r w ill fi nd pict r f D rb and (D rb nt ) and it w ll in e
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h av e ari s e n fro m t h e S i mil arity b e tw ee n t h e A s s yri an w o rd s fo r M e d e s and no m ad s r e s p e ctiv e ly t h e fo r m e r b ei ng M ada and t h e l att e r M and a c ou pl e d with t h e fact th at t h e M ada and M and a b o th fo r me d p art o f t h e c o nfe d e r ati on which u nd e r t h e l e ad e r s hip o f Kas t arit t h e Ky ax are s o f t h e Gr e e k s o v e r t hr e w Nin e v e h 1 Th e e m pir e o f t h e M and a at E k b at an a—t h e s o c all e d M e di an E m pir e —c o n ti nu e d till t h e m iddl e o f t h e s ixth c e nt u ry I t s h ar e d t h e d o m i ni o n o v e r W e s t e r n A s i a with B abyl on and Lydi a and w as no d o u bt t h e c au s e o f t h e e l ab o r at e d e fe ns iv e w o rk s with which N e b u ch ad ne zz ar m i ndfu l o f t h e fat e o f Ni n e v e h s o u ght t o m ak e h is c apit al i m pr e g nabl e : it h e ld t h e o v e rl o rd s hip o f W e s t e rn Iran I n t h e y e ar R C 550 h o w e v e r Cyru s ki ng o f El am r e b e ll e d ag ains t his o ve rl o rd I s t u v e gu o f Ek b at ana t h e A s t y age s o f t h e Gr e e k s and o v e rthr e w 2 h im in t h e fo ll o wing y e ar Cyru s th e n s u bj u g at e d t h e P e r s i ans e nt e r e d B abyl o n in R C 54 4 c o nqu e r e d A s i a Mino r and all t h e t abl e l and o f Ira n u nit e d it s trib e s fo r t h e fir s t ti m e in hi s t o ry u nd and b e c am e kno w n t o He is s aid t o h av e e xt e nd e d h is c o n qu e s t s t o t h e J ax art e s o n t h e b o rd e r s o f which b e e r e ct e d fo rtr e s s e s t o h o ld 3 h t e n o m ad t rib e s in ch e ck and t h e Gr e e k hi s t o ri ans with t h e e xc e pti o n o f Xe no ph o n r e pr e s e nt h im as p e ri s hi ng I n a w ar with t h e S cythi an/s , Th e l e g e nd o f Cyr u s and Tog y ris t h e qum Th M as s age t ae t o ld 4 Cyr u s s e c ond s u cc e s s o r by H e r o d o tu s is w e ll k no w n D ari u s H y s t as pis t h e fal s e S m e rdis b e i ng l e ft o u t o f t h e q u e s ti o n al s o c arri e d t h e w ar i nt o t h e e ne my s c o u ntry and adv anc e d b e yo nd t h e D anu b e in R C 5 1 3 th o u gh no t v e ry s u cc e s s fu lly t o av e ng e as H e r o d o tu s 5 t e ll s u s t h e S cy t hi an i nv as i o ns which pr e c e d e d t h e fall o f t h e A s s yri an E m pir e I n th e c e nt u ry aft e r t h e d e ath o f Al e x and e r t h e ,
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I NT R O D UC TIO N
19
Gr e at t he P arthi ans r e i nfo rc e d by ano th e r Tu rani an trib e k no w n as t h e Dah ae r e b e ll e d ag ains t t h e S e l e u cid s (B O 2 and b e c am e t h e d o m i nan t r ac e in Iran till a s ucc e s s fu l r e v o lt ( A l ac e d t h e n ativ e p S a s a ni an dynas ty o n t h e thi o n o D u ri ng th e ir l o ng d o mi nati on t h e P arthi ans in th e ir t u r n s u ffe r e d fr o m t h e i nc u r s i o ns o f kin dr e d r ac e s fr o m t h e N o rth in m u ch t h e s am e w ay as t h e E ngli s h s e ttl e r s in Brit ai n fe r e d fr o m t h e D ane s Th e s e c o n d c e n tu ry b e fo r e s uf t h e Chri s ti an e ra w as m ark e d by gr e at activity o n t h e p art o f t h e Tura ni ans and t h e w h o l e b o r de r o f Ira n fro m t h e Hind u Ku s h t o t h e C as pi an w as o v e rr u n by t h e m Tw o P arthi an m o narch s in s u cc e s s i o n Ph raat e s I I and A rt ab anu s II — w e r e d e fe at e d and s l ain and t h e P ar t hi an E m pir e w as o nly s av e d fr o m II F o il e d by him t h e o v e rthr o w by Mithrid at e s Tura ni ans t u r ne d t o t h e E as t and p e r m ane ntly s e ttl e d in E as t e r n Ira n in t h e r e gi o n which h as e v e r s i nc e b e e n c all e d aft e r o ne o f t h e ir p e o pl e s S ac ae s t an o r S is ta n t h e s t e ad o r h o m e o f t h e S ac ae ( 0 R C A no th e r Turani an p e o pl e k no wn as t h e Ala ns o r Alani 1 fir t a pp a r i t i s s a id in Chi ne s e annal s w e r e o n who e s t h e V o lg a in t h e fir s t c e nt u ry o f t h e Chri s ti an e ra Pr e s s e d u p o n by t h e H u ns w h o h ad d e fe at e d th e m in a gr e at b attl e th e y o v e rr an M e di a and Ar m e ni a s o m e o f t h e mfi nding th e ir w ay i nt o t h e C au c as u s wh e r e th e ir ? d e s c e nd an t s it is s aid s till e xi s t Th e nc e in A D 1 3 3 at t h e i nvit ati o n o f Ph aras m ane s king o f I b e ri a th e y i nv ad e d A z arb ij an and Ar m e ni a r av ag e d t h e c o u ntry and h ad t o b e b o u ght o ff by V o lo ge s e s II t h e P arthi an m o narch o f t h e ti m e Th e H u ns w h o h ad b e e n in s tr u m e nt al in pr e cipit ating t h e Alani o n Ira n w e r e th e m s e lv e s I n flight b e fo r e o t h e r h o r de s A l arg e c o ntinge n t o f th e m s e i ze d and s e ttl e d u p o n t h e o as i s o f S am ark and o r S u h d H r e e i m g pr o v e d by l o ng s e ttl e m e nt b o th in as p e ct and m anne r s 3 ,
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I N T R O D UC T IO N
20
th e y b e c am e k no w n Irani ans w h o c arri e d ,
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L as tly in t h e m iddl e o f t h e s ixth c e nt u ry o f t h e Chri s ti an e ra t h e nam e o f t h e T u rk s b e gins t o app e ar in hi s t o ry S pre adi ng fr o m M o u n t Alt ai o r t h e G o ld e n M o u nt ai n in C e ntral A s i a th e y e xt e nd e d th e m s e l v e s o v e r t h e n o rth e r n h alf o f t h e c o n tine nt s u bj u g ati ng am o ng o th e r nat i o ns t h e H ait a lians Th e e m pir e o f 1 t h e T u rk s o nly l as t e d ab o u t t w o c e n t u ri e s but the trib e s and nati o ns o f which it w as c o m p o s e d w e r e s pr e ad o v e r t h e no rth o f A s i a fr o m China t o t h e O x u s and u nd e r t h e n am e o f T u rk m ans and t h e D anu b e h av e pr o v e d a p e r mane nt m e nac e t o t h e no rth e r n fr o nti e r s o f Ira n Th e Abba s id s s o o n l e ar ne d t o av ail th e ms e lv e s o f t h e s e rvic e s o f T u rk m an chi e fs in t h e ad m i ni s tr a ti o n o f th e ir e m pir e I t w as th u s th at t h e S a m anid s firs t r o s e t o p o w e r u nd e r t h e Kh al ifa Ma m u n o nly as w e h av e s e e n t o m ak e th e m s e lv e s i nd e p e nd e n t u nd e r h is d e g e ne r at e s u cc e s s o r s Ab o u t t h e ye ar A D 9 6 1 a di s p u t e d s u cc e s s i o n o cc u rr e d am o n g t h e S a m a nid s Th e rightfu l h e ir in t h e dir e ct li ne w as a b oy o nly e ight y e ar s o ld and fo r th at r e as o n as t h e t i m e s w e r e tr ou bl o u s a p arty am o ng t h e no bl e s d e cl ar e d in fav o u r his fath e r s br o th e r o f his u n cl e Th e m att e r w as r e fe rr e d fo r s e ttl e m e nt t o t h e s a m a nid g o v e r no r o f Kh u ras an—a m an o f T u rk m an d e s c e nt nam e d A lpt igi n —b u t b e fo r e h is d e ci s i o n arriv e d t h e dis p u t e h ad b e e n s u cc e e d e d t o t h e thr o n e s e ttl e d and M an s ur h ad A lpt igin h ad giv e n h is d e ci s i o n in fav o u r o f t h e u n cl e h e with and b e i ng fe arfu l o f M an s ur s v e ng e an c e dr e w fr o m Khu ras a n and c arve d hi m s e lf o u t a s m all pri ncip ality at Gh azni H e di e d in A D 9 69 and a ft e r t wo s h o rt r e i gns t h e tr o o p s e l e ct e d S u b u k t igin t o b e th e ir chi e f H e w as a Tu rk m an h ad b e e n b r o u ght u p ,
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N TR O DUC TIO N
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b s equ e ntly act e d as h is g e ne r al and w as a m an o f gr e at ability and c o u r ag e H e s p e e dily e nl arge d h is d o m i ni o ns and b e g an th o s e r aid s i nt o I ndi a which b e c am e s o fr e qu e nt in t h e d ay s o f his m o r e fam o u s s o n I n t h e m e anti me t h e S a m a nid r u l e r M ans ur h ad di e d and his s o n t h e A m ir N u h II w as driv e n fr o m his c apit al at B u khara by a T u rk m an i nv as i o n i ns tig at e d by t w o o f h is o w n no bl e s w h o s u b s e q u e nt ly h o w e v e r w e r e c o m p e ll e d t o fl e e fo r th e ir liv e s Th e y app e al e d fo r aid t o t h e Dilam ids —t h e ri v al s o f t h e S a m a nid s — and o bt ain e d it O n thi s t h e Am ir N u h I I hi m s e lf app e al e d fo r h e lp t o S u b u k t igin w h o m arch e d t o h is as s i s t anc e A gr e at b attl e w as fo u ght at H arat and S u b u k t igin Th e A m ir in h is gr ati g aine d a d e cis ive vict o ry t u d e b e s t o w e d o n h im t h e titl e o f N as iru d Din of the F aith and o n h is e ld e s t s o n o r D e fe n d e r M ah m ud wh o h ad gr e atly di s ti ngu is h e d hi ms e lf th at o r S w o rd o f t h e S t at e as w e ll as o f S aifu d D au l a This h app e ne d in A D t h e g o v e r no r s hip o f Kh u ra s a n i k i d H a s a u b u t n e Thr y r l t r S i d e e e l e ft thr e e e e 9 94 g s o ns M ah m ud I s m a il and N as r and app o i nt e d I s m a il M ah m ud s e e m s t o h av e b e h av e d w e ll t o s u c c e e d h im b u t aft e r v ai n att e m pt s at c o ncili ati o n and c o m pr o m i s e h e w as c o m p e ll e d t o as s e rt hi ms e lf ag ai ns t h is br o th e r w h o w as S p e e dil y o v e rthr o wn and e nd e d his d ay s in Th e o th e r br o th e r int e rnm e nt as a s t at e pri s o ne r S h o rtly aft e rw ard s t h e N as r s u pp o rte d M ah m ud S a m anid dynas ty flick e r e d o u t aft e r t h e d e ath o f t h e A mir N u h I I and in A D 9 9 9 M ah m ud fo r m ally as s u m e d t h e s o v e r e ig nty an e v e nt which is d u ly no t e d o n his c o ins by t h e pr e fix o f A m ir t o h is o wn titl e s and t h e o m i s s i o n o f t h e name o f t h e S a m a nid o v e rl o rd which pr e vi o u s ly h ad b e e n r e t ai ne d by t h e 1 r u l e r s o f Gh az ni M ah m u d w as th e n tw e n ty e ight y e ar s o ld H is c are e r as a gr e at c onqu e r o r and of
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I N TR O D UC T IO N r e ligi ou s fanatic is w e ll k no w n H is d om inati o n e x te nd e d fr om t h e P u nj ab t o t h e Tigri s and fr o m B u khara t o t h e I ndi an O c e an H e h as h o w e v e r ano th e r cl ai m u p o n o u r m e m o ri e s H is nam e w as t o b e c o m e fo r e v e r as s o ci at e d with th at o f t h e p o e t o f t h e S ha h nam a w h o h ad d e s p air e d in th o s e tr o u bl o u s ti me s o f o bt aining any ad e q u at e r oy al p atr o nag e fo r h is l o ng fo r m e d d e s ign o f m o u ldi ng i nt o s o ng t h e e pic hi s t o ry o f h is l an d and p e o pl e I t w as a m o m e nt o f high h o p e s fo r m any fo r t h e y ou ng and am biti ou s pri nc e fo r t h e am biti o u s b u t no l o ng e r y o u thfu l p o e t and fo r all w h o e ith e r by birth o r ad o pti o n h ad t h e w e lfar e o f Ira n at h e ar t Th e Ar ab y o k e h ad b e e n s h ak e n o ff P e r s i an w as r e vivi ng in t h e lit e r at u r e o ld Ira ni an nam e s w e r e b e i ng r e s u m e d and th e r e s e e me d t h e fair e s t pr o s p e ct s fo r t h e e s t abli s h m e n t o f a third P e rs i an e m pir e with M ah m ud fo r it s firs t S hah I t H alf Iran is tr u e th at r e ligi o u s diffe r e nc e s r e m aine d l a w as S h i it e and t h e o th e r h lf S u nnit e b u t s av e fo r th at it s e e m e d a s tr o k e o f fair fo rt u ne th at m ad e t h e gr e at ki ng and t h e gr e at p o e t c o nt e m p o r ari e s .
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24
it pr e s e rv e s s o m e e xtr act s and is it s e lf t h e b as is o f mo s t o f t h e bi o gr aphic al no tic e s o f t h e po e t i ncl u ding th at in t h e E ncc Opwdia Britannica Th e o th e r which d at e s ab o u t A D 1 4 8 6 is in D au l at S hah s L ive s o f t h e Po e t s and is pr e fe rr e d by t h e writ e r o f t h e articl e in t h e Biogr aphie U nivers elle B o th are Fe rdo u cy u s e d by M o hl in t h e pr e fac e t o h is e diti o n o f t h e t e xt h nam a and b o th are fu ll o f and tr ans l ati o n o f t h e S h a m ythic al d e t ail s Le t u s fir s t c o nfi ne o u r s e lv e s t o t h e s t at e me nt s in t h e p o e t s u nd o u bt e d writi ngs and t o l e giti m at e de du c ti o ns th e re fr o m H e c all s hi ms e lf Abu l Ka s i m and w e g ath e r th at h e w as b o r n ab ou t A D 9 4 1 We arriv e at thi s in t h e fo ll o wing w ay I n t h e wh o l e S h ah nam a th e r e is o nly o ne d e fi nit e d at e — th at o n which h e fi ni s h e d t h e p o e m Thi s m ixing u p t h e M u h amm ad an e ra with t h e Z o r o as tri an c al e nd ar h e t e ll s u s h e did o n t h e day o f Ard in t h e m o nth o f Thi s par S apandarm ad o f t h e y e ar 4 0 0 o f t h e H lj ra t ic u lar y e ar fo r t h e M u h am m ad an y e ar s are l u nar and v ary acc o rdi ngly b e g an o n A u gu s t 2 s t h A D 1 0 0 9 and e nd e d o n t h e 1 4 th day o f th at m o nth in t h e y e ar fo ll o wing The r e fo r e Firdau s i fi ni s h e d t h e S h ah nam a 1 0 10 H e giv e s his o ne d at e o n F e br u ary 2 st h A D in t h e c o ncl u di ng line s o f t h e po e m wh e r e h e als o s ay s : ,
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IN TR O D UC TIO N
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I N TR O D UC TI O N
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d fr o m l ack o f p atr onage and e nc o u r age me nt Th e ti m e s w e r e tr o u bl o u s and m e n s m i nd s w e r e o th e r At l e ngth b o th t h e ne e dful m at e ri al s o cc u pi e d and t h e p atr o n w e r e v o u ch s afe d h im Th e fo r m e r w e r e o bt aine d fo r him by a fri e nd and fe llo w t o w ns 1 Th e l att e r h e fo u nd s o m e wh at l at e r in t h e m an p e r s on o f Abu M ans ur b in M u h amm ad pr o b ably a l o c al m agnat e w h o w ar m ly e nc o u r age d h im and tr e at e d h im with th e gr e at e s t kind ne s s and g e ne r o s ity This w e m ay v e nt u r e t o as s u m e w as o ne o f t h e h appi e s t e p o ch s in t h e p o e t s life H e w as in t h e fir s t fl u s h o f a gr e at and e nd u ri ng e nth u s i as m ; t h e m e ans o f gr atifying it w e r e in h is p o s s e s s io n ; h e h e ld t h e fi e ld and his m at e ri al fu t u r e s e e m e d as s u r e d : his p atr on w o u ld s e e t o th at no bl e rich and g e n e r o u s Al as ! th at p atr o n di e d—mu rd e r e d like Dak ik i b u t by wh o m and in wh at circ u ms t anc e s w e k no w no t Th e po e t w as o ve rwh e l m e d fo r a ti m e b u t h e p e r s e v e r e d and k e pt in m i nd h is p at r o n s c ou ns e l th at t h e B o o k o f King s ( S hah nam a) w h e n c o m pl e t e d s h o u ld b e d e di 2 c at e d t o ki ng s I n c ou r s e o f ti m e t h e p o e t fo und o th e r p atr o ns no t ably o ne Ah m ad ib n M u h amm ad o f Ch a lands h an t o wh o m in A D 9 9 9 h e d e dic at e d a c o m pl e t e S h ah nam a Fird au s i w as s t ayi ng w ith Ah m ad wh e n h e h ad t h e e s c ap e fr o m dr o wni ng alr e ady r e fe rr e d t o and h e s e e m s t o h av e b e e n r e s c u e d Thi s e it h e r by Ah m ad hi m s e lf o r by Ah m ad s s o n 3 p as s ag e is no t in o u r pri nt e d t e xt s Th e p o e t h o w e ve r h ad ne v e r fo rgo tt e n t h e advic e o f h is fo r m e r p atr o n t h e b e l o ve d Abu M ans ur and in t h i s s am e y e ar Th e l as t ki ng o f t h e S a m a nid his o pp o rt u nity c am e dynas ty di e d and M ah m ud b e c am e s u pr e m e in E as t e r n Iran H e nc e fo rth it w as t o M ah mud th at t he p o e t l o o k e d fo r p atr o nage and h e app e ar s t o h av e l e ft al s o
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l e anings fo r h e ch ange d t h e o ffici al l ang u ag e fo r s t at e d o c u me nt s fr o m Ar abic t o Pe r s i an Aft e r h is fall his s u cc e s s o r Ah m ad H as an M aim andf r e t u r ne d t o t h e o ld ’ arr ang e m e nt At t h e ti me wh e n t h e p o e t wr o t e t h e ab o v e p as s ag e Abu l Abba s F az l m u s t h av e b e e n at t h e h e ight o f h is p o w e r s ay ab o u t A D 1 0 0 6 We are t o ld o n t h e au th o rity o f Al U t b i th at h e w as o ne o f t h e m o s t c e l e br at e d o f b o o k s t u d e nt s and Al U t b i 2 w h o w as M ah m ud s s e cr e t ary o u ght t o h av e k no w n I t is v e ry h ard t o r e s i s t t h e i nfe r e nc e th at Abu l Abba s F az l h ad giv e n t h e p o e t e nc o u r age m e nt and t h at t h e l att e r l oo k e d t o h im t o s e c u r e a fitti ng re T h e c e t io n by M ah m ud o f t h e p o e m wh e n fi ni s h e d p p o e t s id e a s e e m s t o h av e b e e n th at t h e S h ah nama w as t o b e r e g ard e d as M ah m ud s m e m o ri al whil e t h e pr o fit s o f h is gr e at w o rk w e r e t o b e d e vo t e d t o s o me s p e ci al o bj e ct which w as t o b e r e g ard e d as h is o w n m e m o ri al O f all t h e thi ngs th at arn o r monar ch prai e Th e thi ng s o f chi e f e t pr fit in h is day s Thi s w ill b e s t r t o k e e p h i me mory r ife A nd li v e as p art and par c l o f his lif e ,
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IN TR O D UC TIO N
36
th at h e th ou ght h e s aw h is o pp o rtu nity in t h e acc e s s i o n o f M ah mud and did his b e s t t o av ail hi m s e lf o f it ; th at h e r e c e ive d s o m e e nc o u r ag e me nt if no t fr o m t h e S u ltan hi ms e lf at l e as t fr o m Abu l Abb as F az l t h e chi e f m ini s t e r and achi e v e d his t as k e arly in A D 1 0 1 0 ; th at fo r s o m e y e ar s b e fo r e th at d at e th e r e h ad b e e n o pp o s iti o n t o h im at C o u rt his w o rk vilifi e d and his ch ar act e r m i s r e pr e s e nt e d ; th at th e s e i n trigu e s u lti m at e ly pr e v ail e d and th at h e ne v e r r e c e iv e d t h e r e w ard fo r h is l abo u r s th at a p e rh aps s o m e wh at t o o fe rvid t e m p e r am e nt h ad le d him t o h o p e fo r o r e xp e ct ; th at fo r y e ar s aft e r t h e c o m pl e ti o n o f t h e p o e m h e s till h o p e d o n w as ne arly e ighty wh e n h e fi nally d e s p air e d b u t t o t h e l as t c o nti nu e d t o pr ais e M ah m ud N o w if we s e e k t o l o o k fu rth e r i nt o t he c au s e s o f Firdau s i s di s app o in t m e nt w e h av e at h and a pl au s ibl e and e v e n pr o b abl e expl anati o n b u t o ne for which w e h av e at pr e s e nt at all e v e nt s no dir e ct e vid e nc e J u s t ab o u t t h e ti m e wh e n t h e S h a h nam a w as c o mpl e t e d M ah m ud s chi e f m i ni s t e r Abu l Abba s F az l fe ll i nt o di s gr ac e H e h ad o nc e b e e n in t h e s e rvic e o f t h e S a m a nid s b u t wh e n M ah m ud b e c am e go v e r no r o f Kh u ras an in A D 9 9 4 his fath e r S u b u k t agin appli e d t o t h e S a m anid pri nc e N u h b in M ans ur fo r t h e Abbas o n b e h alf o f his s o n A c s e rvic e s o f Abu l c o rdin l h e b e c ame t h e s t e w ard o f M ah m ud s h o u s e gy h o ld at N is hapur and aft e r M ah m ud s acc e s s i on chi e f m inis t e r H e is s aid t o h av e mad e u s e o f h is p o s iti o n t o e nrich hi m s e lf and h is ad m i ni s tr ati o n is s t at e d t o h av e b e e n s o o ppr e s s iv e th at Kh u ra s a n w as d e vas t at e d and d e p o p u l at e d b u t thi s o f c o u r s e ne e d Th e S u lta n h o w e v e r no t b e t ak e n t o o lit e r ally b e c am e c o nc e r ne d with r e g ard t o t h e di m inu ti o n o f t h e l e vi e s and t h e falling o ff in t h e r e v e nu e and r e mo ns tr at e d with Abu l Abba s w h o thr e at e ne d t o r e s ig n I n A D 1 0 1 1 aft e r l o ng n e g o ti ati o ns t h e S u lta n e nr ag e d at h is c o nd u ct i m p o s e d a fi ne o f ’
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INT RO D UC TIO N
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p o n h im and as h e s till d e fe rr e d p aym e nt h ad h im i m pri s one d and pu t t o t h e t o rtu r e H is e ne m i e s av ail e d th e m s e lv e s o f h is di s gr ac e and o f t h e S u lta n s di s pl e as u r e and ab s e nc e o n o ne o f h is nu m e r o u s c am p aigns t o h av e t h e fall e n mi ni s t e r d o ne t o d e ath in A D 1 0 1 Th e s u gge s ti o n th e n is th at t h e p o e t l o s t h is ch anc e o win g t o t h e tr o u bl e s in which t h e m i ni s t e r b e c ame i nv o lv e d j u s t ab o u t t h e ti m e wh e n t h e S h ah nam a w o u ld b e r e ady fo r pr e s e nt ati o n t o M ahm ud ; and wh e n w e pictu r e t o o u r s e lv e s t h e r e m o r s e l e s s i ntrig u e s intrig u e s s ticking at no atr o city o f an O ri e nt al c o u rt and s hri nking fr o m no m e anne s s —w e c an w e ll i m agine th at if t h e u nfo rtu nat e m i ni s t e r r e ally h ad t ak e n an i nt e r e s t in t h e p o e t s w o rk the r e w ou ld no t b e w anti ng th o s e wh o w o u ld o nly b e t o o willi ng o u t o f m e r e s pit e t o s tr ik e at t h e p atr o n thr o u gh t h e p o e t H o w e ve r thi s m ay be t h e l att e r in dignant at t h e tr e at me nt h e h ad u nd e rg o ne o r s marti ng u nd e r t h e s e ns e o f u nme rit e d ne gl e ct s e t ab o u t writi ng a S atir e i o n S u lta n M ah m ud acc o rd ing t o Ni z a m i — o f which A rudi o nly t h e fo ll o wi ng fi v e c o u pl e t s s u rviv e d in h is d ay s Th e y ru n as fo llo w s d inar s
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t o l e r abl e c o ns i s t e ncy H is w e b is cl o s e ly w ove n and t h e w o rk m ans hip s o e xq u i s it e th at c o m p ar ativ e ly fe w i ndic ati o ns are l e ft t o b e tr ay t he natu r e o f t h e raw m at e ri al Fird au s i o n t he o the r h and t ak e s u s i nto h is c on fi de nc e fr o m t h e fir s t I n dir e ct vi o l ati o n o f t h e H o r ati an pr e c e p t h e b e gins fr o m L e d a s e gg and e arli e r and t h e p e ri o d o f h is acti o n e xt e nd s o ve r th o u s and s o f y e ar s H e u s e s all t h e e pic m at e ri al g o o d b ad and i ndiffe r e nt o n which h e c an lay h and s H is w e b 1 3 o p e n w o rk and it s d e s ig n u ns y m m e tri c al H e m ak e s no s e cr e t o f h is m e th o d b u t t e ll s u s wh at h is m at e ri al s are and h o w h e o bt aine d th e m He s h o w s u s in f act h is l o o m in acti o n and c all s o u r att e nti o n t o t h e bright m any c o l o u r e d thr e ad s o f m yth r o m an c e and hi s t o ry which are b e ing w o v e n th e r e i n I t will b e r e adily u nd e r s t oo d th at t h e m e th o d o f t h e E as t e r n p o e t l e ad s t o in c o ns i s t e nci e s and diffic u lti e s chr o no l o gic al and o th e rwi s e fo r which t h e r e ad e r H e will fi nd for in s t anc e in t h e s h o u ld b e pr e p ar e d m ythic al p o rti o ns o f t he p o e m at l e as t t h e chi e f h e r o e s living o n thr o u gh s u cc e s s iv e ag e s ; d e s crib e d as o ld and e t fighti ng with all t h e vig o u r o f e arly y m anh o o d ; dr o ppi ng o u t o f s ight and app ar e n tly fo rg o tt e n o nly t o r e app e ar in th e ir pris ti ne vig o u r l at e r o n Th e e xpl anati on is two fo ld I n t h e firs t pl ac e s e v e r al o f t h e ch ar act e r s o f t h e p o e m w e r e b e i ng s and th o u gh o rigi nally divin e or s e m i divine i ntr o d u c e d t o u s as h u m an h av e in s o m e c as e s no t wh o lly l o s t th e ir s u p e rh u m an attribu t es A nd in t h e s e c o nd pl ac e t h e p o p u l ar m yth o l o gy w as no t and w as I t t o ld l e g e nd s o f t h e n o t d e s ig ne d t o b e c o ns i s t e n t fe r e nt r e igns age s as s igning th e m t o di f s am e h e r o A We s t e r n p oe t w o u ld h av e t ak e n and l o c aliti e s .
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4 9
th e m all and fo rc e d as m u ch as s u it e d h im i nt o t h e m ou ld o f a bri e f actio n ; t h e Eas t e rn p o e t t ak e s th e m at fu ll l e ngth and i ns e rt s th e m wh e r e h e fi nd s th e m wh o lly r e g ardl e s s o f t h e fact th at by s o d o i ng h e e x t e nd s life far b e y o n d t h e s p an o f m o rt al s Th e p o e m is divid e d i n t o r e igns O f th e s e th e r e and th e y with o ne dyn as ty w h ich is are fo rty ni ne r e ck o ne d as a s i ngl e r e ig n m ak e u p t h e fifty h e ad s dis u nd e r which t h e s u bj e ct m att e r o f t h e p o e m is p os e d Th e r e ig ns are th o s e o f t he m ythic o r hi s t o ric S hah s o r ki ng s o f P e r s i a w h o are divid e d int o fo u r dynas ti e s : I The Pis hdadian o f t e n S hah s and l as ting 24 4 1 y e ar s I I Th e K aianian o f t e n S hah s and l as t I II Th e A s hk anian which is r e ck o ne d ing 7 3 2 y e ar s I V Th e S a s ani an o f as o ne r e ign l as ti ng 2 0 0 y e ar s tw e nty ni ne S hahs and l as ting 5 0 1 y e ars Th e s p ac e o f ti m e c o v e r e d is t h e r e fo r e 3 8 7 4 y e ar s Th e p o e m m ay al s o b e divid e d i nt o t wo p e ri o d s Thi s di s ti ncti o n is b as e d no t a m ythic and a h is t o ric s o m u ch o n t h e n at u r e o f t h e s u bj e ct m att e r as o n t h e At a c e rt ai n p o int in nam es o f t h e chi e f ch ar act e r s t h e p o e m th e nam e s c e as e t o b e m ythic and b e c o me hi s t o ric Th e Mythic P e ri o d e xt e nd s fr o m t h e b e ginni ng o f t h e narr ativ e d o w n t o t h e r e igns o f t h e l as t Th e s e and t h e t w o S hah s o f t h e K aia nian dyn as ty r e m aind e r o f t h e p o e m fo r m t he Hi s t o ric P e ri o d Th e S hah s in q u e s ti o n are Dara s o n o f Darab b e tt e r kn o wn as D ari u s C o do m anu s and S ik and ar — Al e x an d e r t h e Gr e at Th e chi e f ch ar act e r s o f t h e p o e m are I Th e p e r s o nifi e d p o w e r s o f go o d and e v il Th e r e ligio n o f t h e an ci e n t P e r s i ans fr o m which th e y b e c am e c o nve rt e d t o M u h amm adanis m w as th at kno w n as Fire w o r s hip D u ali s m o r Z o r o as tri ani s m Th e s e m ay b e t ak e n t o r e pr e s e nt r o u ghly thr e e as p e ct s o f it s gr o wth and d e v e l o p me nt I t w as c all e d F ir e w o r s hip fr o m it s chi e f vi s ibl e o bj e ct o f ad or ati o n— a ve ry anci e nt c u lt ; ,
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D u ali s m fr o m it s chi e f t e ne t — t h e b e li e f th at t h e u n iv e r s e it s e xi s ti ng fo r m t o t h e o pp o s i n g owe d cr e ati o ns and c e as e l e s s c o nflict s o f t w o s u p e rnat u r al 1 b e i ng s a g o o d and an e vil U rm u z d and A hri m an ; and Z o r o as tri ani s m fr o m it s l e g e nd ary pr o ph e t w h o m ay b e t ak e n t o typify it s pri e s tly o r c e r e m o ni al e l e m e nt U rm u z d and Ahri m an p e rv ad e t h e wh o l e p oe m and all th at h app e n s for g o o d o r ill is attrib u t e d e ith e r dir e ctly o r i ndir e ctly t o t h e o ne o r t h e o th e r Th e y are as s u m e d t o b e c o ns t ant ly e ng ag e d in s trife with e ach o th e r and e s p e ci ally o n t h e b attl e fi e ld o f t h e w o rld wh e r e t h e s tr uggl e is c arri e d o n chi e fly by m e ans pri ncip aliti e s and p o we rs which th e y o f t h e fo rc e s h av e c all e d i nt o b e i ng o r wh o s e acti o ns th e y ins pir e I f t h e p o e t h ad c o nfi ne d hi m s e lf t o t h e u s e o f t h e nam e s U rm u z d an d A hri m an this ant ag o ni s m w o u ld h av e b e e n m u ch m o r e m ark e d H e w as pr o b ably pl ac e d h o w e v e r in a v e ry di ffi c u lt p o s itio n no t o nly as a M u h amm ad an hi m s e lf b u t al s o as a p o e t e ag e r fo r r e c o gniti o n at t h e h and s o f a fanatic ally M u h amm ad an H e s e ld om Th e r e s u lt is a c o m pr o m i s e S u lta n u s e s t h e w o rd U rm u z d b u t in it s pl ac e s u ch t e r m s M ak e r o f t h e w o rld Wo rld l o rd t h e All m ighty as t h e right e o u s J u dg e o r s i m ply G o d b u t h ardly e v e r t h e M u h am m ad an All ah O n t h e o th e r h and h e e m pl o y s t h e e xpr e s s i o n A hri m an with gr e at fr e q u e ncy o ft e n s u b s tit u ti ng fo r it h o w e v e r t h e w o rd Div which m ay b e r e nd e r e d Fi e nd and o cc as i o nally t h e nam e o f t h e M u h amm ad an e vil pri ncipl e I bl is Pr actic ally his c o nc e pti o n o f t h e go o d pri ncipl e is M u h am m ad an in all b u t t h e n am e whil e h is e vil prin cipl e is n o l o n ge r t h e fo r m id abl e Z o r o as tri an A hri m an b u t appr o xi m at e s ,
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IN
T R O D U C TI O N
5:
r ath e r t o t h e M u h am m ad an I bl i s o r t o t h e D e vil o f t h e Bibl e Thi s b e i ng pr e mi s e d h o we ve r it is pro p o s e d t o r e t ain t h e e xpr e s s i o ns U rmu z d and Ahri m an in t h e I ntr o d u cti o n as b e i ng o n t h e wh o l e t h e m o s t and o f c o u r s e in t h e p o e m s u it abl e and c o nv e ni e n t it s e lf wh e r e ve r th e y o cc u r The s e I I Th e S hah s and o th e r ki ng s o r h e r o e s s o far as th e y are hi s t o ric al m ay b e l e ft t o s p e ak fo r th e ms e lv e s b u t th o s e th at are mythic al ne e d a w o rd Th e d u ali s tic c o nc e pti o n o f t h e o f e xpl an ati o n u niv e r s e whil e it t e nd e d t o e x alt U rm u z d and A hri m an did s o at t h e e xp e ns e o f t h e o th e r d e iti e s o ft h e anci e nt nat u r e w o r s hip w h o gr ad u ally b e c am e gr o u p e d in in fe rio r c ap aciti e s acc o rdi ng t o t h e p o p u l ar c o nc e pti o n s o f th e m r o u nd o ne o r o th e r o f t h e t w o gr e at pri n cipl e s t h e b e ne fi c e nt r o u nd U rm u z d and t h e m ale fi c e nt ro u nd Ahri m an In t h e c o u r s e o f ti m e m any o f th e m c am e t o b e r e g ard e d as anci e nt e arthly r u l e r s and h e r o e s and as s u ch the y are r e pr e s e nt e d in t h e p o e m m o s t p art as Ira ni an and t h e t h e g o o d fo r t h e All t h e chi e f m ythic al e vil as th o s e o f o th e r r ac e s ch ar act e r s w e r e o nc e th e m s e lv e s go d s or d e m ig o d s o r w e r e cr e dit e d with s u ch anc e s t o rs in tr aditi o n Dir e ct s u p e rnat u r al ag e ncy is h o w e v e r i n fr e qu e nt in t h e S h ah nam O n o ne s id e w e h av e U rmu z d w h o a s o m e ti m e s i n t e rv e ne s by his m e s s e ng e r and ag e n t t h e ange l S u rii s h and o n t h e o th e r Ahri m an w h o act s by m e ans o f his i ns tr u me nt s t h e d iv s o r his adh e r e nt s W e h av e ins t anc e s o f whit e t h e w arl o ck s and witch e s m agic as we ll as o f bl ack Th e fab u l o u s S imu rgh t o o a bird s o m e wh at r e s e m bli ng t h e ro c o f t h e Ar abi an Night s b u t e nd o w e d with wi s d o m and artic u l at e s p e e ch —pl ays an i m p o rt ant p art Dre ams e s p e ci ally th o s e in which t h e d e ad app e ar are r e g ard e d as v e ridic al and t h e e v il e y e is m u ch dr e ad e d Pre s e nti m e nt s are h e ld t o b e au th e ntic and u s e is m ad e o f am u l e t s e lixir s and divi ni ng c u p s Th e m o s t p o t e nt age nt thr ou gh o u t ’
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52
is
TRO D U C TI ON ’
d e s ti ny which is r e pr e s e nt e d as G o d s p u rp o s e with r e s p e c t t o m an as r e v e al e d in t h e h e av e ns by t h e as p e ct s o f t h e s t ar s and pl ane t s Th e r e is no m o r e i m pr e s s iv e pict u r e in t h e p o e m th an th at which t h e p o e t giv e s u s o f t h e r e m o rs e l e s s pr o c e s s o f t h e s k y wh o s e r e v o l u ti o ns gr adu ally gri nd d o w n t h e s tr o ng e s t an d fill t h e v u lg ar with am az e at wh at th e y t e r m t h e t u r ns o f fo rt u ne To t h e s ag e and r e ad e r o f t h e s t ar s h o w e v e r t h e f u t u r e is s pr e ad o u t lik e a b o o k and t h e as tr o l o g e r with h is pl ani s ph e r e s as tr o l ab e s c alc u l a ti o ns o f nati viti e s and pr e dicti o ns g e ne r ally pl ay s a c o ns id e r abl e p art in t h e p o e m D e s ti ny as re pre s e n t e d t o u s by t h e p o e t is m ad e u o f t w o di s ti nct p e l e m e nt s which h e d o e s no t att e m pt t o r e c o ncil e —t h e M u h amm ad an and t h e Z o r o as tri an Th e fo r m e r m ay b e s u mm e d u p fo r t h e r e ad e r in t w o t e xt s fr o m t h e I Bibl e I am t h e L o rd and th e r e is no ne e l s e fo r m t h e light and cr e at e d ar k ne s s ; I m ak e p e ac e an d cr e at e e vil ; I am t h e L o rd th at d o e th all the s e 1 thi ng s ; and S h all w e r e c e ive g o o d at t h e h and o f 2 G o d and s h all w e n o t r e c e iv e e vil ? Th e Z o r o as tri an c o nc e pti o n is e n tir e ly diffe r e nt U rm u z d and A hri m an are as di s tinct as light fr o m d arkne s s and a h ard and fas t li ne is dr aw n b e tw e e n g o o d and e vil wh e th e r phy s ic al o r m o r al Light i mm o rt ality h e alth and all th at is go o d in t h e w o rld s o f m i nd and m att e r pr o c e e d fr o m U rm u z d ; d ark n e s s d e ath dis e as e and all th at is e vil fr o m A hri m an U rm u z d cr e at e d m an and fas hi o ne d t h e tw e lv e h o u s e s th at th e y m ight p o u r d o wn th e ir o f t h e h e av e ns ki ndly i nfl u e n c e u p o n h im ; A hri m an br o k e i nt o t h e cr e ati o n o f U rmu z d and cr e at e d t h e pl ane t s t o ru n c o u nt e r t o t h e s t ar s and cr o s s th e ir p u rp o s e s D e s ti ny th e r e fo r e fr o m thi s p o int o f vi e w b e ing t h e r e s u lt ant o f t w o o pp o s i ng fo rc e s is an e xtr e m e ly l o gic al de du c t i o n w e ll b o r ne o u t by t h e e v e nt s o f hi s t o ry and t h e ,
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IN
TRO D U C TI O N
53
in cid e nt s o f l ife t o an E as t e r n e y e b u t c o rr e s p o nd s r ath e r t o wh at w e s h o u ld c all fo rt u ne th an t o ab s o l u t e fat e Th e Z o r o as tri an vi e w which is th at o f t h e p o e t s au th o riti e s pr e d o m in at e s o v e r t h e M u h am m ad an which Th e pr actic al r e s u lt is th at in is th at o f h is r e ligi o n t h e p o e m t h e s k y is l o o k e d u p o n as t h e arbit e r o f h u m an affair s and o ft e n as acti ng an d c aprici ou s ly with t h e r u thl e s s ne s s o f a c e l e s ti al Y e t t h e p o e t and h is ch ar act e r s ne v e r J u gg e r nau t fail t o app e al t o d e s tiny pr o p e r o n o cc as i o ns wh e n it s u it s th e m s o t o do h e t o j u s tify t h e w ay s o f G o d t o m an and th e y t o m ak e e xc u s e fo r e v il d o ne o r t h e I t w as s o d e cr e e d d o ing o f it pl e ad s t h e e vil ” d o e r ; A nd s o w as t h e p e nalty r e pli e s t h e av e ng e r At o th e r tim e s ag ain t h e po e t s e e m s t o h o ld th at all is h o p e le s s c o nfu s i o n and th at w e c anno t t e ll h e ad fr o m t ail o r t o p fr o m b o t t o m Th e l e adi ng m o tiv e o f t h e S hah nam a s o far as it c an b e s aid t o h av e o ne is A hri m an s e nv y o f m an —t h e cr e ati o n o f U rmu z d Th e fir s t att e m pt o f t h e e vil pri ncipl e t o d e s tr o y m anki nd o n c e fo r all in t h e p e r s o n o f the ir gr e at pr o g e nit o r h avi ng fail e d h is ne x t is t o s e d u c e th e m fr o m th e ir all e gi anc e t o th e ir Cr e at o r and in thi s h e is l arg e ly s u cc e s s fu l ; r ac e b e c o me s o pp o s e d t o r ac e t h e faithfu l fo ll o w e r s o f U rm u z d are p e r s e c u t e d by t h e p e rv e rt s o f A hri m an and r e c u rri ng act s of pr o v o c atio n o r r e v e ng e fo r m a s e ri e s o f s u b s idi ary mo tiv e s which s e rv e t o k e e p aliv e t h e anci e nt fe u d Th e s e are m o s t pr o mi ne nt in t h e e arli e r p o rti o n o f t h e Mythic p e r io d t o w ard s t h e e nd o f which a ne w m o tiv e is i ntr o d u c e d by t h e adv e nt o f t h e gr e at pr o ph e t o f U rm u z d— Z ardu h s h t o r Z o r o as t e r S id e by s id e with thi s o u tw ard vi s ibl e s tr u ggl e th e r e is t h e i nw ard i nvi s ibl e o ne g o i ng o n in t h e m i nd o f t h e i ndivid u al Thi s is m o r e i ns i s t e d o n in t h e Hi s t o ric p e rio d wh e r e t h e m o r al as p e ct s o f t h e s tr u ggl e are di s c ou r s e d o n at l arg e and t h e d e adly s ins are ,
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TR O D U C TI ON
p e rs o nifi e d in acc o rd anc e t o Z o ro as tri an th e o l o gy as d iv s o r fi e nd s in t h e s e rvic e o f Ahri man wh o s trive t o t h t e m as t e ry o v e r t h e s o u l o f m an e g Th e hi s t o ric al r e l ati o ns o f t h e Irani ans with o th e r I nd o Eu r o p e an p e o pl e s wi t h t h e S e m it e s and with nians as s k e tch e d bri e fly in t h e pr e vi o u s ch apt e r t h e T tira are i ndic at e d in t h e p o e m by t h e m ythic al l e g e nd s o f Z ah h ak an d o f t h e thr e e s o ns o f F ar idun and th e ir d e s c e nd ant s Z ah h ak r e pr e s e n t s t h e id o l atro u s e l e m e nt in t h e p o e m and th e r e fo r e t h e S e m it e s in p artic u l ar w h o w e r e t h e m o s t id o l atr o u s r ac e with wh o m t h e Irani ans c ame i nt o c ont act Th e A s s yri ans w e r e no t o ri ou s ly id o l atr o u s and s o w e r e t h e Ar ab s u p t o I n t h e p o e m all id o l t h e d ay s o f M u h am m ad w o r s hipp e r s wh e th e r o f S e m i t ic r ac e o r no t are r e g ard e d as d e s c e nd ant s o f Zahh ak Th e e ld e s t s o n o f Faridim —S al m— r e pr e s e n t s t h e w e s t e r n divi s i o n o f t h e I nd o E u r o p e an r ac e t h e s e c o nd s o n T li r t h e Taranian and t h e y o u ng e s t s o n Ir aj t h e W e s t e r n Ary an o r Irani an Th e l e g e ndary acc o u nt s in t h e p o e m o f Z ah h ak s c o nqu e s t o f Ira n o f his o v e rthr o w by Faridim o f t h e p artiti o n o f t h e w o rld by t h e l att e r b e tw e e n his thr e e s o ns o f t h e m u rd e r o f Ir aj by h is t wo e ld e r br o th e r s and o f t h e gr e at fe u d which th u s r e ally s e t fo rth t h e his t o ric al r e l ati o ns o f o rigi nat e d thr e e o f t h e gr e at r ac e s o f m anki n d as s e e n fr o m t h e p o int o f vi e w o f t h e d e s c e nd ant s o f Ir aj thr o u gh t h e h az e o f m yth an d l e g e nd A s t o t h e c o m par ativ e i m p o rt anc e o f th e s e r e l ati o ns t o t he Irani ans nativ e tr aditi o n h as no h e s it ati o n in as s ig nin g t h e firs t pl ac e t o t h e r e pr e s e nt ativ e s o f TM t h e s e c o nd t o th o s e o f Z ah h ak and t h e third t o th o s e o f S al m ; and acc o rd ingly in t h e p o e m t h e s tr u ggl e s o f t h e Ira ni ans with t h e Tin a nians o cc u py m o r e s p ac e th an th os e with all o th e r r ac e s c o m bi ne d Y e t t h e bitt e r e s t fe u d is with I n o th e r c as e s it is a fam ily q u arr e l b u t Z ah h ak H o we v e r Zahh ak is o f ano th e r s t o ck —a m an fo r b id ,
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f r m o s t fo r h avi ng fo ll o w e d h is advic e h as h ardly a w o rd t o s ay ag ains t h im and h e o nly giv e s u p t h e l e ad e r s hip o f t h e h o s t with d e ath I t is a w e ll p aid c o m pli m e nt by t h e p o e t t o t h e T u rk m an r ac e I t w as no d o u bt his o w n c o ntrib u ti o n t o w ard a g o o d u nd e r s t andi ng and h appily h e c o u ld n o t f o r e s e e t h e h o rr o r s which t h e e l e v e nth and s u b s e qu e nt c e nt u ri e s h e ld in s t o r e fo r Ira n at t h e h and s o f t h e n ati o ns o f t h e N o rth Fo r t h e pr e s e rv ati o n o f t h e s u bj e ct m att e r o f t h e S h ahnam a w e are chi e fly i n d e bt e d t o t w o o f t h e cl as s e s i nt o which Fird au s i t e ll s u s anci e n t Irani an s o ci e ty w as divid e d — t h e pri e s tly cl as s and t h e agri c u ltu r al cl as s —in o th e r w o rd s t h e M agi and t he Dihk ans Th e M ag i w e r e t h e pri e s t s o f t h e tr u e M e d e s o r M ada am ong wh o m th e y fo r m e d a c as t e o r trib e O rigi nally fi re pri e s t s as th e ir o w n nam e fo r 1 — — th e m s e lv e s A t hrav ans lit e r ally fi re m e n s hows th e y b e c ame cl o s e ly as s o ci at e d with e v e n if th e y did no t o rigin at e t h e D u ali s m and Z o r o as tri anis m o f l at e r ti m e s A ntiqu ity which lib e r ally cr e dit e d th e m with all t h e attrib u t e s o f anci e nt pri e s th o o d k ne w 2 — th e m as t h e M agi t h e gr e at o r m ighty and l at e r i nd e bt e d t o th e m fo r t h e p o t e nt w o rd s are ag e s m agici an I n th e ir hi s t o ric al s e at m agic and in Atr o p at e ne o r in t h e mo d e r n fo r m o f t h e w o rd A z arb ij an ( wh i ch h as b e e n v ari ou s ly e xpl aine d t o m e an t h e l and o f t h e s e e d o f t h e d e s c e nt o f o r th at g u ard s t h e fi re ) and s till m o r e in th e ir l e g e nd ary h o m e in Kar ab agh th e y dw e lt in t he ne ighb o u rh o o d o f s c e ne s E arthq u ak e s are fr e qu e nt th e r e o f nat u r al m arv e l v o lc ano e s h o t s pri ngs and naphth a w e ll s ab ou nd m u d— Fl am e s i s s u ing fr o m cl e ft s in t h e r o ck s h av e b e e n abl az e fr o m ti m e i m m e m o ri al an d in au t u m n t h e e x h al ati o ns fro m t h e s o il fo r m a ph o s ph o r e s c e nc e th at at night w r ap s wh o l e di s trict s in s h e e t s o f h ar m l e s s fl am e E v e n in p art s o f t h e C as pi an t h e v ap o u r s b u bbl e u p and
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will go o n b u rni ng o v e r s e v e r al S q uar e y ard s o f w at e r till a g u s t o f win d e xti ng u i s h e s th e m The s c e ne fr o m all acc o u nt s is at ti m e s s u ffi c ie nt l i m pr e s s iv e e v e n t o t h e m o d e r n e e a n d w e y y c an e as ily i m agi ne wh at fi re in it s p u r e s t fo r m and high e s t e xpr e s s io n— cl e ar s mo k e l e s s l am b e n t fl am e s b u rni ng o n u nfe d app ar e ntly and s e lf s u s t ai ni ng c e nt u ry aft e r c e nt u ry— mu s t h av e b e e n t o t h e u n r ati o nali s tic g az e o f pri m itiv e antiqu ity In the pr e s e n c e o f th o s e fl am e s all o th e r fir e s m u s t h av e br o k e n light s E l s e wh e r e th e y w e r e seeme d b ut h ard t o kindl e ne e d e d c o ns t ant c ar e and w e r e di m m e d by s m o k e and v ap o u rs b u t h e r e th e y b u r ne d as in t h e B u r ni ng B u s h I t w as no w o nd e r th at t h e pl ac e c am e t o b e lo o k e d u p o n as H o ly Gr o u nd and th at a C u lt o f Fir e gr e w u p th e r e in t h e dim and di s t ant p as t We c an w e ll i m agine t o o h o w fam ou s t h e pri e s th o o d o f s u c h a C u lt w o u ld b e c o m e am id s u ch s u rr o u ndi ng s Th e pri es t o f anci e n t ti m e s w as t h e m an o f l e tt e r s t h e s ag e t h e l e e ch t h e as tr o l o g e r and t h e man o f o cc u lt l o r e and gramm ary e and thi s pri e s th o o d dw e lt in a r e gi o n w hich is no t e v e n no w r o bb e d o f all it s anci e nt gl am ou r by t h e fact th at it is t h e sc e ne o f t h e gr e at e s t p e tr o l e u m i nd u s try in t h e w o rld H e r e Pr o m e th e u s s t o l e t h e fi re fr o m h e av e n and p aid t h e p e n alty in s o m e C au c as i an g o rg e Al o ng it fr o m no rth t o s ou th lay a gr e at highw ay o f t h e nati o ns acr o s s it fr o m e as t t o w e s t ran o ne o f t h e r e at tr ad e r o u t e s a n d g t h e rich e s o f I ndi a w e r e b o rne fr o m Kab u l t o B alkh 1 fr o m B alkh d o w n t h e O x u s t o t h e C as pi an and th e nc e thr o u gh t h e l and o f M e d e a and o f t h e Go ld e n Fl e e c e t o t h e E u xi ne and t h e w e s t I t is o f c o u r s e i m p o s s ibl e t o affir m th at s o wid e s pr e ad a c u lt as Fir e w o r s hip h ad it s o rigin in o ne p artic u l ar l o c ality b u t w e s h all fl w d i nt t h C pi n in t d f i nt Th O x in an ci nt ti m nt t h A ral S a a at p ,
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t ti ng th at h e r e w as a mo s t i m p o rt ant c e ntr e o f it and in cl ai m ing fo r it s pri e s t s a pro l ort io nat e a u s a a W s t t ctity h v lr dy n d s n e a e a e a p s e e n th at Ira n is a l and o f s h arp c o n tr as t s o f phy s ic al g o o d and e vil Th e r e t h e kindly r e tic e nc e s and c o n c e alme nt s o f nat u r e t h e bl u e h az e o f dis t an c e and t h e m e lting o f l ine i nt o li ne are ab s e nt th e r e is no ne u tr al t e rrit o ry no c o mm o n m e e ti ng gr o u nd ; all is cl e ar s h arp w e ll d e fi ne d and r e c o gni s abl e b e yo nd t h e p o s s ibility o f m is t ak e and at a gl anc e as g o o d o r e vil I n t h e r e gi o ns s ou th o f t h e C au c as u s th e s e c ontras t s are a cc e n t u at e d it w o u ld s e e m gr e w u p and th e r e D u ali s m s u gg e s t e d and j u s tifi e d by it s s u rr o u ndings Th e d o ctrines o f t h e M agi which it is b e yo nd o u r s c o p e t o e nt e r i nt o e xc e pt i n cid e n t ally and by w ay o f ill u s tr ati o n app e ar in e arly ti m e s t o h av e b e e n r e s trict e d if no t t o t h e M agi th e ms e lve s at all e v e nt s t o t h e M e d es wh o s e pri e s t s th e y w e r e I t w as no t u ntil ne arly t h e e nd o f t h e s ixth c e nt u ry b e fo r e t h e Chri s ti an e ra and aft e r t h e s u icid e o f C am by s es t h e s o n o f Cyr u s t h e Gr e at th at t h e M agi fir s t b e c am e s u pr e m e in t h e v as t e m pir e which t h e l att e r h ad fo u nd e d fo r no w w e h av e e vid e nc e th at ne ith e r h e nor h is s o n w as t h e e nth u s i as tic pr o s e lyti s e r o f Z o r o as t rianis m th at th e y w e r e b o th fo r m e rly s u pp o s e d t o b e b u t at m o s t t o l e r ate d it al o ng with t h e o th e r 2 faith s o f th e ir w o rld wid e e m pir e Aft e r t h e d e ath o f C am by s e s h o w e v e r t h e M agi r o s e t o p o we r in t h e p e r s o n o f t h e M agu s G au m at a—t h e fal s e S m e rdis o f t h e Gr e e k s —w h o s e i z e d t h e v ac ant thr o ne and b e g an as w e l e ar n fr o m t h e i ns cripti o ns o f D ari u s H y s t as pis his s l ay e r and s u cc e s s o r t o o v e rthr o w t h e t e m pl e s o f be
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A s D ari u s fu rth e r ic o no cl as t z e al i nfo r m s u s th at h e r e s t o r e d th e s e t e m pl e s and al s o at t h e s am e ti m e d e s crib e s hi m s e lf as a w o r s hipp e r 2 o f U rm u z d w e m ay as s u m e th at it w as in t h e c o ur s e r e ig n th at Z o r o as tri ani s m b e c am e t h e s t at e o f h is r e ligio n o f t h e P e r s i an e m pir e H e al s o app e ar s ab o u t RC 5 0 5 t o h av e ad o pt e d t h e Z o r o as tri an c al e n d ar i n t h e pl ac e o f t h e o ld P e r s i an o ne th at h e h ad u s e d u p till th e n and thi s fact go e s t o s u pp o rt t h e as s u m pti o n 3 m ad e ab o v e The M agO ph o nia o r s l au ght e r o f t h e 4 M agi m e ntio ne d by H e r o d o t u s which h as s o m e ti m e s b e e n add u c e d as a pr o o f th at th e y c o u ld no t h av e b e e n s u pr e m e in P e rs ia s o e arly as t h e ti me s o f D ari u s 5 H y s t as pis is no t r e ally o pp o s e d t o thi s vi e w I t is pr e tty e vid e nt that t h e M ago ph o nia w as no t aim e d ag ai n s t t h e M agi in g e ne r al b u t w as m e r e ly an annu al c e l e br ati o n o f t h e o v e r t hr o w o f o ne p artic u l ar M ag u s t h e i m p o s t o r and u s u rp e r G au m at a— and his p e r s o nal 6 fo ll o w e r s Wh e th e r t h e M agi in s pit e o f t h e high p o s iti o n the y h ad g aine d e v e r s u cc e e d e d in m aki ng th e ir d o ctri ne s p o pu l ar with t h e m as s e s o f t h e fir s t P e r s i an w e m pir e m a e ll b e d o u bt e d O n e at l e as t o f t h e y — 1 s u c c e s s o r s o f D ari u s — Art ax e rx e s I I 0 6 4 4 ) 3 s e e m s t o h av e r e l ap s e d i nt o s o m e thi ng v e ry lik e id o l 7 atry and with t h e c o nq u e s t o f P e r s i a by Al e x and e r t h e G re at t h e p o w e r o f t h e M agi w ane d fo r a ti m e R ightly o r wr o ngly Z o r o as tri an tr aditi o n c o u pl e s Al e x ande r with Z ahh ak and Afras iyab as o n e o f t h e 8 thr ee arch e ne m i e s o f t h e faith With t h e i ntro Id xli R P ii 8 9 — WPT 92 R S M 63 6 n t H r d iii 79 the
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d u cti o n o f Gre e k id e as Gr e e k s ci e nc e and Gr e e k p o lyth e i s m th e r e c an b e no d o u bt th at t h e b u lk o f t h e p o p u l ati o n r e l ap s e d i nt o id o l atry if i nd e e d it h ad e v e r e m e rg e d D u ri ng t h e ne xt fi v e c e nt u ri e s t h e M agi m u s t h av e h ad m u ch ado t o k e e p aliv e t h e d o ctrine s rit u al and s acr e d tr aditi o ns o f th e ir faith Th e s e d u cti o ns o f Gr e e k civili s ati o n w e r e fo ll o w e d by t h e br u t aliti e s o f P arthi an b arb ari s m and an m o difi y c atio n o f th e s e w as d u ri ng t h e fir s t c e nt u ri e s at all e v e n t s o f P arthi an r u l e in t h e dir e cti o n o f Gr e e k c u lt u r e Th e P arthi an m onarch s d e s crib e th e m s e lve s as philh e ll e nic o n th e ir c o i ns Th e M agi h o w e v e r w e r e w e ll e q u ipp e d for t h e s tr u ggl e Th e y h ad a gr e at r e p u t ati o n Th e y h e ld a fai t h in m any r e s p e ct s m u ch in adv anc e o f th e ir ti m e s and o ne t o o th at fo u nd it s j u s tific ati o n in t h e s tr ang e nat u r al ph e no m e na and s h arp c o n tr as t s o f phy s ic al g o o d an d e vil th at ch ar act e ri s e Ira n Th e y h ad k e pt aliv e t o o at a ti me wh e n anci e n t P e r s i an w as p as s ing i nt o r apid ph o ne tic d e c ay t h e anci e n t l ang u ag e o f th e ir r ac e t h e M e di an— with it s i nfl e cti o ns and arch ai s m s as will app e ar l at e r o n L as tly th e y w e r e a pri e s th o o d pr acti s i ng t h e p e c u li ar c u s t o m o f Kh v ait iik das o r n e xt o f k in m arri ag e which t h o u h ant g t o t h e s e nti m e nt s o f m anki nd at l arg e m u s t c e rt ai nly h av e t e nde d t o pr e s e rv e th e ir fai t h fr o m t h e d ang e r ou s e xt e r nal and fo r e ig n i nfl u e nc e s which an indis c rim i n at e pr actic e o f m arri ag e w o u ld h av e e nt ail e d Th at t he M agi pr acti s e d Kh v ait ii k das in t h e d ay s o f t h e 1 P arthi an m o narchy w e m ay l e arn fr o m C at u ll u s Th e thr e e prin cip al s e at s o f t h e M agi s e e m t o h av e b e e n at S h iz Rai and B alkh S hiz t h e P e r s i an G az n ,
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fe ll i nt o Al e x and e r s h and s and w as tr ans l l at e d by h is c o mmand int o G re e k King Valk as h o rd e r e d a c o ll e cti o n t o b e m ad e o f t h e s cript u r e s which in h is d ays e xi s t e d in Iran in a s c att e r e d s t at e o wi ng t o t h e di s r u pti o n c au s e d by t h e M ac e d o ni an 2 A rds h ir t h e s o n o f Pap ak w h o o v e rthr e w c o nq u e s t t h e P arthi ans and r e s t o r e d t h e Ira ni an m o narchy al s o m ad e a c o ll e cti o n o f t h e s cript u r e s H e e m pl o y e d fo r th at p u rp o s e t h e high pri e s t T au s ar w h o r e pr o du c e d a s i m ilit u d e o f t h e o riginal as it h ad e xi s t e d 3 in t h e tr e as u ry o f S h apigan S h apii r t h e s o n o f A rds h ir m ad e a c o ll e cti o n o f writi ng s o f a no n re ligio u s ch ar act e r d e al ing with m e dici ne as tr o no my and o th e r s ci e ntific s u bj e ct s th at h ad b e e n s c atte r e d am o ng t h e Hi nd u s and R am ans and o rd e r e d th e m t o b e in c o rp o r at e d with wh at h ad alr e ady b e e n br o u ght 4 t o ge th e r which w as d one S h apar t h e s on o f H u rm u z d i ns titu t e d a trib u nal fo r t h e d e t e r minati o n o f all p o i nt s o f di s p u t e d d o ctrine Th e s e p o int s w e r e s e ttl e d by o rd e al and th e nc e fo rth t h e S hah 5 pr o cl ai m e d and ins i s t e d o n u nifo r m ity With re g ard t o thi s acc o u n t l e g e nd pl ac e s t h e birth 6 pl ac e and h o m e o f Z o r o as t e r in Ira n v ej H e re o n t he M o u nt ai n o f t h e H o ly Q u e s ti o ns h e m e t U rm u z d fac e t o fac e and r e c e ive d fr o m h im in a s e ri e s o f dia l o g ne s t h e t e ne t s o f t h e faith H e r e t o o t h e pr o ph e t w as as s ail e d by t h e d e m o n B aiti s e n t by A hri m an and B o th s u b s e q u e ntly t e m pt e d by t h e l att e r in p e r s o n w e r e h o w e v e r w o r s t e d and Z o r o as t e r b e g an h is mi s s i o n 7 ary c ar e e r H is gr e at s u cc e s s s e e m s t o h av e b e e n at B alkh o ne o f t h e chi e f c e ntr e s o f Ary an civili s ati o n Thi s w e m ay i nt e rpr e t as m e aning th at Z o r o as tri ani s m s pr e ad fr o m W e s t t o E as t al o n g t h e li ne o f t h e gr e at tr ad e r ou t e Th e e xt ant p o rti o ns o f t h e Z o r o as tri an ‘
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i nc o rr e ctly kno wn as Z e nd I t s e e m s al mo s t c e rtai n 1 th at r e ally it s h o u ld b e k no w n as M e di an Z e nd ti e M e di an as pr e s e rv e d in it s s criptu r e s and anci e n t P e r s i an as pr e s e rv e d in t h e i ns cripti o ns o f t h e Ach ae me nid s are t w o s i s te r l angu ag e s c o ll at e r ally re " m t 6 S ahs crit H o w and wh e n Z e nd b e c ame e x ti nct wh e th e r it s till s u rvive s in a m o difi e d fo r m in s o m e m o d e rn di al e ct s u ch as t h e K ard d o e s no t s e e m t o h av e b e e n y e t d e t e r mi ne d ; b u t t h e e xi s t en c e o f t h e Z andav as t a indic at e s th at it r e m ai ne d k no w n t o and u s e d by t h e M agi in it s infl e c t io nal fo r m l o ng aft e r it s s i s t e r l angu ag e t h e P e r s i an h ad l o s t m o s t o f it s i nfl e cti o ns and h ad b e c o m e gre atly s i mplifi e d Z e nd m ay th u s b e r e g ard e d as b e i ng d u ri ng t h e fi v e c e n t u rie s and a h alf which e l ap s e d b e tw e e n t h e d e ath and t h e acc e s s i o n o f A rds h ir o f D ari u s C o do m anu s Pap akan t h e s acr e d l ang u age o f t h e M agi— o ne k no w n o nly t o th e m s e lv e s and h o ldi ng with th e m v e ry m u ch t h e s am e p os itio n as S ans crit did am o ng t h e Br ah m ans D u ring this p e ri o d anci e nt P e r s i an w as o f I ndi a 2 it s e lf b e i ng c o nv e rt e d i nt o m iddl e P e r s i an o r P ahl av i P ahl av i it s h o u ld b e e x pl ai ne d is t he s am e w o rd as P arthi an and in thi s c o nne ctio n m e ans no t t h e lan g u ag e s p o k e n by t h e P arthi ans th e m s e l v e s b u t th at th e ir r u l e by th e ir P e r s i an o r Irani an u sed u nd e r .
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p e o pl e at l arg e in S a s a ni an ti me s in which t h e ins cripti o ns o f D ari u s H y s t as pis and h is s u cc e s s o r s h ad b e e n writt e n and th at c o mpil e d by o f t h e Z o r o as tri an s cript u r e s T au s ar and o th e r s w e r e alik e u ni nt e lligibl e I t ac c o rdin l b c am e t h e c m ki n g c o pi e s t u s t o m in e a o gy app e nd a P ahl av i v e r s i o n p ar aphr as e o r c o m m e n t o n t h e o riginal t e xt Th e s cript ur e s th e m s e l v e s w e r e kno w n as t h e A v as t a and all c o mm e n t s th e r e o n wh e th e r in t h e o rigi nal l ang u age o r in P ahl av i w e r e k no wn as t h e Z e nd o r Z and Th e chi e f Z an d w as o f c ou r s e t h e P ahl av i v e r s i o n o f t h e A v as t a and t h e t w o c o m bi ne d b e c am e k no wn as t h e A v as t a and Z and 2 or m o r e c o m m only as t he Z andav as t a Lik e t h e Bibl e it pr e s e r v e d in a lit e r ary fo r m all th at s u rviv e d in t h e tr aditi o ns o f a r ac e and th e s e w e r e gr ou p e d r ou nd and t o ld in c o nne cti o n with a line o r line s o f d e m ig o d s o r h e r o e s wh o s e name s s h o w th at th e y w e r e o rigi nally th o s e o f t h e b e ne fi ce nt and m ale fi c e nt i mp e r s o nati o ns o f t h e anci e nt natu r e w o r s hip o f t h e Ary an p e o pl e b e fo r e it br o k e u p i nt o it s I ndi an and Irani an divi s i o ns Th e nam e s r e fe rr e d t o are c o m m o n in a s o m e wh at alt e r e d fo r m b o th t o t h e Z andav as t a and t o t h e anci e nt S ans crit hy m ns o f I n di a— t h e 3 V e d as We m ay r e g ard t h e tr aditi o ns o f t h e Zan dav as t a as e s s e n ti ally M agi an ; th e y w e r e d e s ti ne d h o w e v e r t o u nd e rg o a r e m ark abl e d e v e l o p me nt and e xp ans i o n in o th e r h and s Th e tri u m ph o f Z o r o as tri ani s m t h e tr ans l ati o n o f t he Z andav as t a i nt o P ahl av i vie i nt o t h e v e rn ac u l ar and t h e c o ns e q u e n t diffu s i o n o f t h e tr aditi o ns o f t h e M agi thr o u gh o u t Iran o cc u rr e d at an e p o ch wh e n fi v e — and a h alf c e nt u ri e s o f ali e n r u l e ( B C I A D 2 2 6) 33 To bj e ct s t h e l ang u ag e
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blit e rat e d all b u t t h e v ag u e s t r e m ini s ce n c e s o f t h e fir s t P e r s i an e m pir e and t h e h o u s e o f Ach ae m e ne s Th e c o ns e qu e n c e w as th at t h e m y t hi t h e Z andav as t a c am e t o b e re ard e d in S a s ani an ti me s m h hi t o ric S hah s o f t h e ra i an r Th as e e s e and g t e s a ; " what was recorded b f t he m i fi fhe Zandav as t a fo rm e d a c o nv e ni e nt e pic fr am e w o rk wh e r e o n t o h ang l e g e nd s o f A s s yri an o ppr e s s i o n Ar ab r ai ds Tura ni an i nv as i o ns w ar s with t h e W e s t t h e d e e d s o f nati o nal o r l o c al h e r o e s and all t h e mi s c e ll ane o u s pr o d u cts o f p o p u l ar tr aditi on and i m aginati on Th e d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e l e g e nd s o f t h e Zandav as t a acc o rdingly w e nt o n ap ac e and t h e chi e f ag e n t s in t h e pr o c e s s w e r e t h e Dih k a ns Thi s w as t h e nam e giv e n t o t he r u r al l and o wne r s o f Iran Fird au s i hi ms e lf s e e m s t o h av e b e e n t h e s o n o f a Dihk a n All t h e w o rld o v e r t h e r u r al po pu la ti o ns are t h e d e p o s it o ri e s o f nati onal tr aditi o n A no t abl e i ns t anc e o cc u rr e d o nly s o l o ng ago as t h e l as t c e nt u ry wh e n Dr Eli as L onnr o t aft e r y e ar s o f w and e r ing am o ng t h e r e m o t e s t di s trict s o f Fi nl an d dw e lling with t h e p e as antry and t aking d o w n fr o m th e ir lip s u lti m at e ly all th at th e y k ne w o f th e ir p o p u l ar s o ngs s u cc e e d e d in c o ll e cti ng ne arly tw e nty thr e e th o u s and v e r s e s which arr ang e d by h im and divid e d i nt o fifty r u ne s no w fo r m t h e nati o nal Firmis h e pic k now n as 1 M u ch t h e s am e pr o c e s s w e nt o n in t h e K al e w al a Tr aditi ons b as e d o n t h e Z and a Iran at an e arli e r d at e v as t a w e r e r e cit e d in t h e h all s o f t h e chi e fs at vill ag e fe s tival s and at s tr e e t c o r ne r s —a c u s t o m s till o bt ai ning in P e r s i a— till in ti m e t h e w o rd Di b ka n c ame t o h av e — n e o n a m a n n r e c o g i s e d s c d ry e i g th at o f pro a w e ll fe s s ion al s t o ry t e ll e r r u s tic b ard o r w and e ri ng m ins tr e l I n t h e c ou r s e o f t h e s a s a ni an dy nas ty th e s e tr aditi o ns w e r e c o ll e ct e d and pu t i nt o writi ng Th e r e s u lt w as v ari ou s ly k no w n as t h e Ba s tan Kh u d ai and S hah Na m a with t h e r e s p e ctive m e aning s o f His t o ry o f h ad
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Kha n s p re fac e d at e s fr o m t h e fir s t qu art e r o f t h e fift e e nth c e nt u ry and c o nt ai ns m u ch th at is o bvi o u s ly r o m antic it is ne e dfu l t o r e c e iv e t h e ab o v e acc o u nt with all c au ti o n E v e n wh e n w e h av e r ej e ct e d t h e s t o ry o f Ki ng J as h a and t h e Abys s i ni an s w e are s till c o n fr o nt e d by a chr o no l o gic al impo s s i b ilit y Y a k iib t h e s o n o f L ai s t h e c o pp e r s m ith di e d in A D 8 7 8 A b ii M ans ar w h o h ad t h e w o rk o f nis h w ar tr ans l at e d w as a br o th e r o f t h e Dihk a n Da M u h am m ad s o n o f Abd u r R azz ak and thi s M u h am m ad w as princ e o f Tas in t h e m iddl e o f t h e t e n th 1 c e nt u ry in t h e d ay s wh e n Fird au s i w as gr o wing and Abu u a an s ar Y k b M w r th r f r a e e e o n t e e o p c o nt e m p o r ari e s Y a k i i b h ad w o rk e d in h is fath e r s s ho p as h e th e n b e c am e a r o bb e r chi e f a y o u th and fi nally fou ght his w ay t o wh at w as pr actic ally t h e l o rd s hip o f Ira n A s a nativ e o f S is tan t h e h o m e o f a r ac e wh o s e w arlik e pr o cliviti e s w e r e s y m b o li s e d in t h e l e g e nd ary e xpl o it s and ch ar act e r o f t h e n ati o nal h e r o o f Ira n R u s t am o r as t h e f o u n d e r o f a n e w dy nas ty for p o litic al r e as o n s h e m ay h av e t ak e n an i nt e r e s t in t h e o ld tr aditi o ns ; b u t h e c o u ld no t h av e c o m m i s s i o ne d A b a M ans ar t o do t h e w o rk fo r h im and it will b e s afe r t o di s m i s s t h e n o ti o n th at h e int e r e s t e d hi m s e lf in t h e c o m pil ati o n o f t h e Di b kan Danis h w ar as highly pr o bl e m atic al O n t h e n s pre t h e s t at e m e nt in Bais ingh ar Kh a o th e r h an d fac e th at Abu M ans ar did h ave a S h ahnam a c o m pil e d is c o nfir m e d by t h e l e ar ne d A b ii B aiha n M u h amm ad b in Ah m ad A lb irii ni ( A D 9 7 3 —1 0 4 8 ) in his Chr o no l o gy 2 Ag ain w e m ay b e s o m e wh at o f An ci e nt N ati o ns nis hw ar s c e ptic al as t o wh e th e r a Di b kan n am e d Da b u t w e m ay c o nc e d e th at t h e anci e n t e v e r e xi s t e d tr aditi o ns w e r e c o ll e ct e d and e dit e d by s o m e l e arne d and i nd e e d by m any s u ch i hk a n d n i s h w r D a a ) ( A
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th o riti e s as w e m ight s p e ak o f t h e H e br e w S cript u r e s m e aning t h e Old T e s t am e nt th o u gh w e m ay kno w the m o nly in t h e Engli s h v e r s i o n H is chi e f au th o rity w as d o u btl e s s t h e S h a r which as hnam a o f A b a M ansu w e h av e s e e n h ad b e e n t rans e rn P e r s i an dir e ctly fr o m P ahl av i o riginal s H e al s o u s e d as it w o u ld s e e m tr ansl ati o ns int o m o d e rn P e r s i an o f Ar abic hi s t o ri e s th e m s e lve s tr ans l at e d fr o m P ahl av i o rigi nal s C e rt ai n p as s age s in t h e S h ah nam a wh e r e I bli s is s u b s tit u t e d fo r Ahri m an as t h e nam e o f t h e e vil pri n cipl e m ay b e attrib u t e d with c o nfid e nc e t o 1 s u ch s e c o nd ary au th o riti e s P ahl av i o riginal s and Ar abic v e r s i o ns h av e alik e di s app e ar e d and t h e S hah n a m a o f Fird au s i which al o ne s u rviv e s o f all t h e m any S h ah nam as th at o nc e e xi s t e d h as no w b e c o m e t h e pri ncip al s t o r e h ou s e o f Irani an l e g e nd and t h e l e adi ng au th o rity o n t h e s u bj e ct Th e S h ah nam a o f F irdau s i th e n is a tr u e e pic no t a gre at p o e t s i nv e nti o n and t h e pr o o f is t o b e fo u n d in t h e natu r e o f h is s u bj e ct H e e xpr e s s ly di s cl ai m s m att e r and in h is o wn w o rd s all o rigi nality t e lling u s th at t h e t al e h ad all b e e n t o ld b e fo r e and th at all t h e fr u it th at h ad fall e n in t h e g ard e n o f knowl e dg e h ad b e e n alr e ady g arne r e d H is s h ar e w as t o m o u ld i n t o s o ng t h e e p o s o f h is nativ e l and s c o r ning no t al e h o we v e r l o wly and p u tti ng t h e 2 b e s t and p u r e s t i nt e rpr e t ati o n o n all th at h e fo u nd au
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TRO D U C TI O N
Th e
po s itio n o f t h e M e d e s o n t h e Ar as e xpl ai ns h o w t h e i n c u r s i o ns i nt o A z arb ij an o f t h e A s s yri ans in e arly and o f t h e Ar ab s in l at e r ti me s c am e t o b e in t h e s t o ry h o w w e c o m e t o h av e t h e e m b o di e d w ar s with t h e Taranians br o u ght s o pr o m i ne ntly b e fo r e u s why t h e arch e ne my Afra s iyab is r e c o rd e d t o h av e b e e n t ak e n pri s o n e r in l ak e U ru m iah and why t h e writ e r o f t h e Ar m e ni an hi s t o ry wh o p as s e s u n d e r t h e nam e o f M o s e s o f Ch o re ne c o u pl e s t h e t wo gr e at e ne mi e s o f t h e M e d e s in h is acc o u n t o f P e r s i an fabl e Q u id au t e m tibi s u nt v o lu pt at i v il e s ac v anae ,
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de By ras pe A s t y age fab u lae ? By ras p o r Biwaras p is t h e P ahl av i t e r m fo r Z ahh ak A s t y age s w as t h e .
gr e at Taranian ki ng o f E k b at ana and s o m e ti m e o v e r l o rd o f Cyr u s Th e v as t s p ac e s and r e gi o ns o f t h e O x u s h av e alw ay s b e e n a di ffic u lty t o t h e s t u d e nt o f h nam a b u t s u b s titu t e t h e c o m p ar ativ e ly narr o w t h e S ha ar e a b e tw e e n t h e C as pi an and t h e Eu xi ne and m u ch ? is e xpl ai ne d Th u s far F irdau s i fo ll o w s t h e o ld Ira ni an c o s mo g ony I n t h e c as e o f t h e h e av e ns h e r ej e ct s it ; and it s fo u r h e av e ns o f t h e S t ar s o f t h e M o o n o f t h e S u n and o f t h e E ndl e s s Light s b e c o m e n ine in t h e p o e m—th o s e o f t h e s e v e n pl ane t s o f t h e ang e l s and o f t h e thr o ne of G od Th e s e h e av e ns w e r e s u pp o s e d t o b e cry s t al li ne s ph e r e s with i nd e p e nd e nt m o ti o ns and fitti ng o ne Th e s e v e n pl ane t s ins id e ano th e r lik e Chine s e b o x e s ar e t h e S u n M o o n M e rc u ry M ar s V e nu s J u pit e r and S at u r n Fird au s i t o o k h is i mag e ry chi e fly fro m t h e anci e nt c o s m og o ny o r fr o m t h e natu r al fe at u r e s o f h is nativ e l and A S hah s d o m ini o n e xt e nd s fr o m t h e M oo n t o Ar m i e s t h e Fi s h o r all t h e S e v e n Cli m e s o b e y him s tr e tch fr o m m o u nt ai n t o m o u nt ain o r fr o m s e a t o s e a Th e Th e w arri o r s h e ad s t o u ch t h e S u n o r S at u rn .
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IN
TRO D U C TI O N
73
th e m s e lv e s are o r are like m o u nt ains li o ns e l e ph ant s l e o p ard s and cr o c o dil e s th e y l e v e l t h e hill s with th e ir b attl e cri e s and pi e rc e w ith th e ir s p e ar s Th e ir p al ac e s and c as tl e s b ar t h e t h e h e ar t s o f fl int s e agl e s flight ri s e ab o v e t h e cl o u d s o r h o ld c o nv e r s e with t h e s t ar s Tr o o p s thr o ng like l o c u s t s and ant s and e v e n gnat s c an fi nd no r o o m t o p as s th e m In b attl e t h e fi e ld o r e v e n t h e wh o l e w o rld is a s e a o r s tr e am o f g o r e A tig e r b e s trid e s an e l e ph ant and br andi s h e s a cr o c o dil e which b e ing in t e rpr e t e d m e ans th at a c av ali e r w ave s his s w o rd S w o rd s t o o are o r are lik e di am o n d s ; whil e s p e ar s t u r n t h e e arth t o a r e e d b e d O ne h o r s e is s o k e e n o f s ight th at it c an s e e an ant s fo o t o n bl ack cl o th at night t w o l e ag u e s aw ay R apid m o tio n is c o m p ar e d t o fire o r t o it s s pirit A z argas h as p w h o is o ft e n an e q u iv al e nt fo r t h e light ning t o wi nd s mo k e o r d u s t t h e l as t b e i ng t h e c o mm o ne s t fig u re in t h e p o e m Th e r e ad e r lik e t h e p o e t will find it u biqu it o u s and will no t fail t o no tic e in t h e acc o u nt s o f m arch e s b attl e fi e ld s and s i ngl e c o m b at s & c th at th e s k y s u n m o o n & c are s aid t o gr o w like i ndig o o r e b o ny o r t o b e c o m e v e il e d or t o t u rn d ark To s ay at no o nd ay & c Th e all u s i o n is t o t h e d u s t th at t h e air d ark e ne d is o ft e n m e r e ly ano th e r w ay o f s aying th at t h e d u s t r o s e ; and b o th and ki n dr e d e x pr e s s i o ns are in c o ns t ant u s e t o i ndic at e th at h o s t s o r in divid u al s h av e s e t fo rth o n s o m e e xpe diti o n are appr o achi ng o r e ng agi ng in b attl e & c O pp o s e d t o t h e d u s t —t h e e ne m y is w at e r — t h e fri e n d Wh e r e l and and w at e r are my tr e as u r e is s ays o ne o f t h e S hah s in t h e p o e m and t h e p o e t c o m p ar e s t h e j o y o f h avi ng o ne s w o rk appr o v e d by t h e wi s e t o th at o f s e e i ng pl e n t y o f w at e r in o ne s o wn c anal C o ns e qu e ntly it is no t t h e blu e b u t t h e cl o u dy s k y th at d e light s t h e Pe r s i an e y e and S pri ng with it s cl o u d s th u nd e r s h o w e r s fl o w e r s and v e rd u r e is t h e and fav o u rit e s e as o n Th e h and o f M ah mad s ays t h e warri o r s
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I N TR O D U C TI O N
74
is
lik e a cl o u d in s p ring Pe rp e tu al s pring is t h e P e r s i an s no ti o n o f a p e rfec t cli m at e A king ad o r ns h is r o s e g ard e n lik e s pr ing 1 6 h e s u mm o ns h is gr e at m e n ab o u t h im and h o ld s a c o u rt all Th e P e r s i an y e ar b e g an with t h e s pri ng and t h e b e g inni ng o f t h e N e w Y e ar was a s e as o n o f rej o ici ng Th e c h e ck in j o y o r h e alth is lik e t h e r o s e t u lip p o m e gr anat e o r J u d as tr e e bl o s s o ms in fe ar o r p as s i o n lik e tho s e o f j as m i ne o r fe nu gre e k o r as c o l ou rl e s s as s and ar ach t he tr ans p ar e n t gu m o f t h e Ca llitris I n p as s i o n Q uadr im lois o f w hich p o u nc e is m ad e t o o o r fe ar t h e b o dy s h ak e s lik e a will o w tr e e t h e h e art and l1v e r b e c o m e fu ll o f bl o o d t h e v e i ns thr o b and t h e bl o o d it s e lf b o il s Th e narci s s u s b e d e w s t h e r o s e wh e n b e au ty w e e p s S t at u r e is lik e t h e cypr e ss which is al s o t h e tr e e o f t h e bu ri al gr o u nd t h e tr ee o f p o s th u m o u s fam e t e ak I n o ld age o r lik e t h e A yo u th o f t h e s tr aight s t e mm e d cypr e s s s t o o p s pr o m i s e is a s apli ng b e ari ng it s fir s t fr u it s To t ak e any i m p o rt ant s t e p is t o pl an t a tr e e it m ay b e o f r e v e ng e o r o f s o m e pr u d e nt ac t o f p o licy and t h e fr u it o f t h e tr e e will acc o rdi ng t o circ u m Th e s t an c e s t u r n o u t t o b e e ith e r g e m s o r c o l o cyn th p o e t is fo nd o f m o r ali s i ng o n life it s tr ans i e n t natu r e H is fav o u rit e fig u r e fo r t h e fo r m e r is and vici s s it u d e s t h e w ay s id e c ar av ans e r ai o r inn wh e r e as pilgri m s o r tr av e ll e r s w e s oj o u rn fo r a bri e f s p ac e and th e n d e p arti ng yi e ld o u r r o o m t o o th e r s ; fo r t h e l att e r h e t he app e al s t o t h e c o nfig u r ati o n o f h is nativ e l an d — a pp ar e ntly e ndl e s s al t e rnati o n o f as c e nt and d e s c e n t with which all w h o h av e s oj o u r ne d in th o s e p art s are w e ll acq u ai nt e d —o r by a h o lde r flight de s c rib e s h o w a m an is r ai s e d t o S at u r n o r t h e Pl e i ad e s o nly t o b e fl u ng int o t h e ditch o r t o t h e Fi s h— t h e myth o l o gic al o ne r e fe rr e d t o ab o v e L ik e o th e r p o e t s Fird au s i s uffe r e d fr o m t h e c o n Wh e n fo r i ns t anc e we find B alkh s tr ai nt o f rhy m e p oe t
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IN e nd
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b e gi nning o f l as t c e ntu ry t he S h ahnam a e xi s t e d in M S o nly S in c e th e n fi v e m o r e o r l e s s c o m pl e t e e diti o ns h ave app e ar e d in prin t i I n 1 8 0 8 Dr L u m s d e n u nd e rto o k t o s u p e ri nt e nd an e diti o n o f t h e p o e m o ne v o l u m e o f which w as p u bli s h e d at C alc u tt a in 1 8 1 1 b u t t h e p u blic ati o n w e nt no fu rth e r This e diti o n will b e r e fe rr e d t o U P to
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h l d b dd d th t t h Fr nch tr n l ti h b n c mpl t d by M B b i r d M y n rd fr m t h t xt f C nd t h wh l t n l ti n h b n p b li h d p r t l y by t h l t M d m M hl 1
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77
p u bli s h e d at Tihran Th e t e xt is a re pr int o f th at o f C with o cc as io nal v ariat io ns s o m e o f which are o f v al u e Thi s e diti o n will b e r e fe rr e d t o as T v I n 1 8 77 J A V u lle rs p u bli s h e d t h e fir s t v o l u m e o f h is e diti o n v o l u m e s h av e s i nc e and t w o o th e r Th e p u blic ati o n o f t h e third v o l u m e app e ar e d w as i nt e rr u pt e d by t h e l am e nt e d d e ath o f t h e e dit o r b u t h as s in c e b e e n c o m pl e t e d fr o m t h e m at e ri al s l e ft by h im by S amu e l Li nd au e r Ev e n thu s t h e e diti o n c o n t ai ns o nly ab o u t t h e fir s t h alf o f t h e e ntir e p o e m Thi s e diti o n is b as e d o n t h e c o ll ati o n o f t h e t e x t s o f C and P with o cc as i o nal r e adi ngs fr o m L and T and o th e r s o u rc e s Thi s e diti o n will b e r e fe rr e d t o as V Th e o nly c o m pl e t e Eu r o p e an tr ans l ati o n s o f t h e S h ah nam a hith e rt o p u bli s h e d are t h e Fr e nch o ne m e nti o ne d and an I t ali an o ne in v e r s e by ab o v e Tr ans l ati o ns and s u mm ari e s of p o rti o ns S igno r Pi zz i o f t h e p o e m h av e app e ar e d in E ngli s h and G e r m an Th e i nd u lg e nc e b o th o f t h e P e r s i an s ch o l ar and o f t h e E ngli s h r e ad e r is as k e d o n b e h alf o f thi s t h e fir s t Engli s h tr ans l ati o n o f t h e p o e m as a wh o l e in vi e w o f t h e m ag nit u d e and diffic u lty o f t h e u n d e rt aki ng O u r pri m e o bj e ct h as b e e n t o pr o d u c e a cl e ar and i nt e lligibl e r e nd e ring and with thi s e nd in v i e w w e h av e fo u nd it ne e dfu l t o di s p e ns e with c e rt ai n re du ndanc e s in t h e o rigi nal All th e s e pr o b ably m ay b e gr o u p e d u nd e r t h e fo ll o wi ng h e ad s —v ari an t c o rr u pt and s p u ri o u s p as s ag e s ; r e p e titi o ns t au t o l o gi e s and pl atitu d e s ; and idi o m atic and gr ammatic al c o ns tr u e ti o ns th at pr o v e d i ntr act abl e Th o s e wh o are ao t r e adily d r t d u aint e d with h e o rig inal will n u e n s a q wh at th e s e e m is s io ns am ou nt t o ; th o s e u nacqu ai nt e d with it m ay e as ily fi nd o u t by c o m p ari ng o u r ve r s i o n with th at o f M M o hl B o th will w e think ad m it th at w e h av e l e ft t h e fabl e ab s ol u t e ly i nt act th at I s p ahan w as
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TR O D U C TI ON
h ave s cr u pu l ou s ly avo id e d c u tti ng t o t h e q u ick and h av e d on e no thing t o fo rfe it o u r cl ai m t o c all thi s t h e firs t c o mpl e t e Engli s h tr ans l ati o n o f t h e
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v e r s i o n is m e tric al p artly rhy me d and p artly Th e rhy m e d p o rti on c ons i s t s o f pr e l u d e s u nrhy m e d t e r m i nal c ou p ap o l o gu e s s ayi ng s o f wi s e m e n s o ng s l e t s p as s ag e s in which t h e p o e t S p e ak s in h is o wn p e r s o n and s o me o th e r s th at s e e m e d t o l e nd th e m s e lv e s t o s u ch tr e at m e n t Th e s e fo r m a v e ry s m all p art o f t h e wh o l e and are g e ne r ally li ne for line with t h e o rigi nal th ou gh c o u pl e t s o r h e m i s tich s m ay b e s o m e ti m e s i nv e rt e d fo r c o nv e ni e n c e in r e nd e ri ng We h av e ch ang e d t h e m e tr e o cc as i o nally p artly fo r t h e s ak e o f v ari e ty p artly t o s u it t h e ch ar act e r o f di f fe r e nt p as s ag e s and p artly fo r o u r o wn r e fr e s h m e nt and Th e r e ad e r s h ou ld h o we v e r cl e arly am u s e me n t u nd e r s t and t h at a ch ang e o f m e tr e s i m pli e s no c o r r e s p o nding ch ang e ih t h e o riginal o f which t h e m e tr e is t h e s am e thr o u gh ou t Th e u nrhy m e d p o rti o n which fo r m s t h e b u lk o f t h e tr ans l ati o n and d o e s no t as pir e t o t h e dig nity o f b e ing c all e d bl ank v e r s e is m o r e c o nd e ns e d th an t h e rhy me d th o u gh t h e pr o p o rti on o f Engli s h t o P e r s i an is c o ns t antly v aryi ng ; s o m e ti m e s a wh o l e c o u pl e t in t h e o rigi nal is b e s t e xpr e ss e d by a s i ngl e lin e in t h e tr ans l ati o n ; s o m e ti m e s a li ne and a h alf t w o line s o r m o r e in t h e tr ans l ati o n go t o t h e c o u pl e t in t h e Th e av e r ag e m ay b e r o u ghly s t at e d as thr e e o rigi nal Th e r e s u lt o f Engli s h line s t o t w o P e r s i an c o u pl e t s th e s e vari o u s e c o no mics is th at o u r tr ans l ati o n is s o m e tw e nty fi v e pe r c e nt s h ort e r th an o th e rwi s e it w ou ld h ave b e e n We h ave foll o w e d t h e t e xt o f V as far as it g o e s it all t h e ch ang e s and s il e ntly in c o rp o r atin g w ith by t h e e dit o r hi m s e lf in his no t e s additi o ns m ad e and in h is App arat u s Critic u s at t h e e nd o f his fir s t O ur
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I N TR O D U C TI O N
80
c o u r s e thi s in vo lve s a c e rt ai n am o u nt o f i nt e rpr e t a ti o n and diffe r e n c e s o f O pi ni o n in s o m e c as e s le git ig m at e ly m ay e xi s t as t o w h o o r wh at t h e p e r s o n o r thi ng r e fe rr e d t o m ay b e O n t h e o th e r h and w e o ft e n fi nd a n o u n wh e r e in E ngli s h w e s h o u ld u s e a pr o no u n and w e h av e c o ns t antly m ad e t h e s u b s t it u ti o n in p as s ag e s wh e r e no d ou bt c an ari s e in t h e r e ad e r s m i nd Ag ai n t h e c o u pl e t fo r m in which t h e p o e m is wri tt e n h as a t e nd e ncy t o br e ak it u p i nt o a s u cc e s s i o n o f s h o rt s e n t e nc e s and thi s ad de d t o t h e ab o v e m e nti o ne d u s e o f t h e no u n wh e r e w e s h o u ld nat u r ally u s e t h e pr o nou n and t o t he p au city o f c o n me e ti ng p articl e s fr e q u e ntly m ak e s t h e tr ans i t i o n fr o m s e nt e n c e t o s e nt e nc e s o m e wh at abr u pt and t h e li ne o f th o u ght diffic u lt t o fo ll o w O ft e n w e h av e c arri e d o n s e nt e n c e s by t h e additi o n o f c o nne cti ng p articl e s which are no t in t h e o riginal o a e a m e e nati o ns wi t h W d ir k xpl s e t o m e s e 4 r e g ard t o c e rt ai n i m p o rt ant w o rd s in t h e o rigi nal n a n Z a mz am By th s t e r m s i s k w n o d e e a i c e rt ai n pr actic e o f Z o r o as tri ans which m ay b e p ar a phr as e d in E ngli s h as t aki ng pr aye r i nw ardly B e fo r e e ating w as hin g & c it is c u s t o m ary t o m u tt e r t h e b e gi nni ng o f s o m e s acr e d fo r m u l a t o c arry thr o u gh t h e o p e r ati o n in c o m pl e t e s il e nc e and th e n t o u tt e r 1 We h av e e m pl o y e d t h e r e s t o f t h e fo r m u l a al ou d m u tt e ri ng o r m u tt e r e d pr ay e r s u ch e xpr e s s i o ns as I t is s o m e ti m e s u s e d as t o d e s crib e t h e pr actic e privat e c on a pr e t e xt fo r o bt ai ning a fe w m o m e nt s v e r s ati o n Thi s w as fo r m e rly a b u ndl e o f twig s b u t Bars a m no w o f m e t al wir e s v aryi ng in nu m b e r acc o rdi ng t o circ u m s t anc e s h e ld in t h e h and d u ri ng t h e p e rfo r m ? rit e s o f t h e Z o r o as tri ans an c e o f c e rt ai n r e ligi o u s Th e pr actic e is cl e arly r e fe rr e d t o in E z e ki e l viii 1 6 ” 1 7 We tr ans l at e Bars am by t h e s acr e d twigs ,
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T R O D U C TI O N
81
Fir daus i d o e s no t u s e thi s w o rd in it s pro p e r s e ns e —th at in whi ch it is s till u s e d by t h e P ar s is at t h e pr e s e nt day — b u t in th at o f m au s o l e u m 1 ch ar ne l or ch arne l ho us e and w e h av e s o tr ans l at e d it Dihkan : Th e ge ne r al s e ns e o f thi s w o rd is th at o f c o u ntrym an as di s ti ngu i s h e d fro m t o wns m an O wi ng h o w e v e r t o t h e fact th at t h e r u r al clas s in Ira n as e l s e wh e r e w e r e t h e chi e f r e p o s it o ri e s o f t h e tr aditi o ns and fo lkl or e o f th e ir nativ e l and which w e r e h and e d d o wn o r ally and r e cit e d at l o c al g ath e ri ngs by t h e s e b e s t q u alifi e d fo r t h e t as k t h e w o rd c am e t o h ave t h e s e c o nd ary m e an i ng o f h ard o r m ins tr e l and w e h av e r e nd e r e d it acc o rdi ng t o it s fir s t o r s e co nd ary m e aning as t h e s e ns e o f t h e p as s ag e r e q u ir e d Di nar and Diram O f th es e t h e dinar w as a g o ld and t h e dir am a s ilve r c o in Th e Attic dr ach m a w as m ad e t h e b as i s o f h is m o ne t ary s ys t e m by Al e x and e r t h e Gr e at and P e r s i a p o s s es s e d no n ativ e go ld c o inag e till m o r e th an fi v e c e ntu ri e s l at e r I t th e n o bt ai ne d o ne by a ccid e nt By t h e t e r m s o f pe ac e b e tw e e n A rdaw an ( A rt ab anu s ) t h e l as t P arthi an m o narch and t h e Em p e r o r M acrinu s aft e r t h e gr e at b attl e o f Ni s ibi s in A D 2 1 7 t h e l att e r agr e e d t o pay t o t h e fo r m e r an i nd e m nity o f m o r e th an a m illi o n and a h alf o f o u r m o ne y Th e s u m s e e m s t o h av e b e e n chi e fly p aid in au re i C o ns e qu e ntly wh e n A rds h ir Pap akan ( Art ax e rx e s ) b e c am e t h e fir s t S hah o f t h e ne w nativ e P e r si an ( s asani an) dyn as ty in A D 2 2 6 h e fo u nd t h e c o u ntry fl oo d e d with t wo di s tinct c oin ag e s with no r e c o gni s e d r e l ati o n b e twe e n the m e xc e pt t h e r o u gh H e s e e m s t o h av e and r e ady o ne o f c o m m e rc e l e ft matt e r s t o s e ttl e th e mse lv e s and in h is o w n c oi nag e fo ll o w e d t h e type o f t h e au r e u s fo r h is go ld 2 c o ins and th at o f t h e dr ach ma fo r h is s ilve r Th e .
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xpr e s s i o n dinar s and dir am s is one fre qu e ntl y m e t with in t h e p o e m and as it is r ath e r an in c o nv e ni e nt o ne m e tric ally w e h av e s u b s titu t e d t h e o ld e r fo r m dr ach m fo r dir am pa We r e t ain this w o rd as in th e o riginal Wh e n s p e lt with a c apit al it is t o b e r e g arde d as e qu iv a l e n t t o A hri m an or I bl is e xc e pt in t h e c oll o c ati ons ” Bl ack Div and Whit e Div Wh e n s p e lt with a a s m all l e tt e r it m a d m an e ith e r m on o r e a e y 1 me m b e r o f s o me s av ag e o r o u tl andi s h trib e Th e farr w as r e g ard e d as t h e s p e ci al F a rr divi ne e nd o w me nt o f t h e Irani an r ac e — t h e favo u r e d p e o pl e o f U rmu z d— and as an o bj e ct o f e nvy o r am bi ti o n t o t h e ne ighb o u ri ng p e o pl e s I t w as r e g ard e d in t h e Z andav as t a as s o m e thi ng m at e ri al th at c ou ld b e f and e v e n in t h e S h ah nama s o u ght s e i z e d and c arri e d o f w e fi nd a fe w o cc as i o ns wh e n it as s u me s a vi s ibl e fo r m E ach o f t h e thr e e prim itiv e c as t e s i nt o which t h e Ira ni ans w e r e divid e d h ad it s o w n s p e ci al farr whil e t h e S hah u nit e d all thr e e in his o wn pe r s o n and t h e p o s s e s s i o n o f t h e thr e e fo ld farr c o ns titu t e d h is titl e t o t h e thr o ne Th e r e is an i ns t an c e in t h e pr e s e n t v o l u m e wh e r e aft e r t h e d e ath o f a S hah hi s t w o s ons are b o th p as s e d o v e r in t h e s u cc e s s i o n as no t ” b e ing p o s s e s s e d o f t h e farr Fir d au s i it s h o u ld b e no t e d giv e s hi m s e lf gr e at l atit u d e in t h e u s e o f this and m any o th e r e xpr e s s i o ns b u t wh e r e v e r t h e w o rd app e ar s t o b e u s e d in it s c orr e ct s e ns e w e r e nd e r it by Gr ac e o r Gl o ry Fars ang Th e far s ang is a m e asu r e o f l e ngth and w e h av e alw ay s tr ans l at e d it as l e agu e alth o u gh it is ab o u t thr e e qu art e r s o f a m il e l o ng e r th an o u r Engli s h l e ag u e Khil at Th e w o rd pr o pe rly m e ans a r o b e b e s t o w e d by a r u l e r fr o m h is o w n w ardr o b e o n s o me o ne as a s ig n o f s p e ci al favo u r A s it w as acc o mp ani e d by C f t h C hin xpr i n f r ign d il “
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h o w e v e r o u r fairy and fay are t h e ne ar e s t E ngl is h e q u iv al e nt s and w e h av e s o r e nd e r e d t h e w o rd We tr ans l at e t h is w o rd by c am p e n S ar apa rda Th e s arap ard a w as a s cr e e n o f c anv as o r cl o s u r e o th e r m at e ri al e n circl ing an e nc am p m e n t 5 S o me o f t h e chi e f ch ar act e r s in t h e p o e m are kno w n in t h e o riginal by s e v e r al titl e s Zal t h e fath e r o f R u s t am is al s o c all e d Zal i Z ar D as tan i Z and D as tan i S am o r s i m ply D as tan ; R u s t am him s e lf is fr e q u e n tly r e fe rr e d t o as t h e s o n o f z a l t he E l e ph ant b o di e d t h e M atchl e s s & c and th e r e are o f d u plic at e n ame s o th e r i ns t anc e s To fo ll o w t h e o rigi nal in thi s r e s pe ct w o u ld i n v olve t h e Engli s h r e ad e r in h o p e l e s s c onfu s io n and w e h av e th e r e fo r e in s u ch c as e s s e l e ct e d o ne nam e fo r a ch ar act e r and k e pt t o it o r if w e e m pl o y a d u plic at e w e o nly do it in s u ch a c o nt e xt th at no d ou bt is p o s s ibl e as t o t h e id e n tity o f t h e p e r s o n r e fe rr e d t o Ag ain t h e p o e t u s e s t h e w o rd S hah in a v e ry wid e c o nne cti o n b u t w e e m pl o y it o nly wh e n o ne o f t h e fo rty nine r u l e r s o f Ira n o r t h e S u lta n M ah m ud is r e fe rr e d Wh e r e t h e w o rd is appli e d t o o th e r s th an t h e to &c ab o v e w e tr ans l at e it by ki ng or m o narch we h av e c arri e d o u t t h e s am e principl e in o th e r c as e s wh e r e it s e e me d t o u s th at o b s c u rity might ari s e Th e ab o v e are m e r e ly giv e n as i ns t anc e s 6 With r e g ard t o t h e s p e lling o f pr o p e r nam e s w e h av e fo ll o w e d t h e o riginal with a fe w e xc e pti o ns We h av e k e pt C ae s ar i ns t e ad o f K ai s ar R u m an i ns t e ad o f R u m i I ndi an ins t e ad o f Hindi and th e r e m ay b e a l fe w m o r e i ns t an c e s Fo r Khaka n w e i nv ari ably s u b s titu t e t h e s h o rt e r fo r m Khan as t h e e xpr e s s i o n t h e Khakan o f Ch in is i nc o nv e ni e nt m e tric ally “
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In th e P e r s ian t h e l e tt e r k in t h e w o rd Kab u l fo r i ns tan c e is a diffe r e nt l e tt e r fr o m th at b e ginni ng t h e nam e o f t h e h e r o Kar an whi c h in acc o rd t o pr e s e nt '
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b o th wi s d o m and m i nd To no thi ng s u bli m e r c an th ou ght b e appli e d Th e L o rd o f wh at e v e r is nam e d o r as s igne d A pl ac e t h e S u s t aine r o f all and t h e Gu id e Th e L o rd o f S at u r n and t h e t u r ni ng s k y Wh o c au s e t h V e nu s S u n and M o o n t o S hine Wh o is ab o v e c o n c e pti on nam e o r S ign Th e Arti s t o f t h e h e av e n s j e w e lry ! H im th o u c ans t s e e no t th ou gh thy s ight th ou s tr ai n Fo r th o u ght it s e lf will s tr u ggl e t o att ain To O ne ab o v e all n am e and pl ac e in v ai n S i nc e m in d and wi s d o m fail t o p e ne tr at e B e y ond o u r e l e m e nt s b u t o p e r at e O n m att e r s th at t h e s e ns e s r e nd e r pl ain IN th e
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N o ne th e n c an pr ai s e G o d as H e is O b s e rv e Thy d u ty : t is t o gird thy s e lf t o s e rv e H e w e igh e th m in d and wis d o m ; s h o u ld H e he E nc o m p as s e d by a th o u ght th at H e h at h w e igh e d C an H e b e prai s e d by s u ch m achi ne ry A s thi s with m ind or s o u l o r r e as o n s aid ? C o nfe s s H is b e i ng b u t affirm no m o r e Ad o r e H im and all o th e r w ays igno r e O b s e rvi ng H is c o mm and s Thy s o u rc e o f m ight I S k no wl e dg e ; th u s o ld h e art s gr o w y o u ng ag ai n Bu t thing s ab o ve t h e V e il s u rp as s in h e ight All w o rd s : G o d s e s s e nc e is b ey o nd o u r k e n .
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D is course in Prais e of
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g ! t h e pr ai s e o f wi s d o m and r ej o ic e Th e h e art s O f th o s e th at h e ark e n t o thy v o ic e A S G o d s b e s t gift t o th e e e xt o l t h e w o rth Of wi s d o m which will c o m fo rt th e e and g u id e A nd l e ad th e e by t h e h and in h e av e n and e arth B o th j o y and gri e f and g ain and l o s s b e tid e Th e r e fr o m and wh e n it is e clip s e d t h e s ane Kno w no t o f h appi ne s s o ne m o m e nt m o r e Thu s s aith t h e wis e and virtu o u s m an o f l o r e L e s t s ag e s s e arch his w o rd s fo r fr u it in v ain Wh at m an s o e ve r s pu rne t h wi s d o m s r e d e Will by s o d o i ng m ak e h is o wn h e art bl e e d Th e pr u d e n t s p e ak o f h im as o ne p o s s e s s e d A nd h e is no t o f u s h is k in pr o t e s t I n b o th w o rld s wi s d o m re c o m m e nde t h th e e Wh e n gyv e s are o n t h e ankl e s o f t h e m ad ; I t is t h e mi nd s e y e ; if th o u d os t no t s e e The r e with thy j o u rne y thr ou gh thi s w o rld is s ad S p e ak
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PI RDA U S I
fir s t c re at e d thing and s till Pre s ide t h o e r t h e m i nd and fac u lty Of p r ais e pr ai s e o ffe r e d by t o ngu e e ar and e y e All c au s e s it m ay b e o f g o o d o r ill To pr ai s e b o th m i nd and wi s d o m w h o w o u ld d ar e ? A nd if I v e ntu r e w h o w o u ld h e ar m e thr o u gh ? 1 S in c e th e n 0 m an o f wi s d o m ! th o u c ans t do N 0 g o o d by w o rd s h e r e o n pr o c e e d d e cl ar e Cr e ati o n s pr o c e s s G o d cr e at e d th e e To k no w app e ar anc e and r e ality Le t wi s d o m b e thy m i ni s t e r t o fe nd Thy m i nd fr o m all th at s e lf r e s p e ct s h o u ld S h u n L e arn by t h e w o rd s o f s ag e s h o w t o w e nd Thy w ay r o am e arth c o nv e r s e with e very o ne ; A nd wh e n th o u h e ar es t any m an o f l o r e Di s c o u r s e S l e e p no t incr e as e thy wi s d o m s s t o r e ; Bu t m ark whil e g azi ng at t h e b o u gh s o f s p e e ch H o w m u ch t h e r o o t s th e r e o f are o u t o f r e ach ,
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firs t thing ne e dfu l for th e e is t o k no w Th e s u m o f pri m al e l e m e nt s which H e Wh o m ak e th all things m ad e fr o m nau ght t o S ho w Th e gr e at ne s s o f H is o wn s u pr e m acy Th o s e e l e m e nt s are fo u rfo ld ; at th e ir birth N o ti m e e l ap s e d and l ab ou r h ad no s h ar e ; Fire s h one ab o v e and in t h e m id s t w e r e air A nd w at e r ; u nd e r ne ath w as d u s ky e arth Fir e w as t h e fir s t it s virt u e t o u nfo ld ; Ab ou t it m o i s tu r e c e as e d and dry ne s s c am e Th e
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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Ack no wl e dgi ng no e nd as wr o ng o r right A nd no t r e qu ir e d t o o ffe r r e v e r e nc e To H im wh o h avi ng wi s d o m j u s tic e m ight H ath no t withh e ld o ne S ingl e e xc e ll e nc e ,
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§4 Of the N
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A farth e r s t e p —m an c o m e th i nt o s ight ; L o cks h ad b e e n mad e ; h e w as t h e k e y o f e ach With h e ad e r e ct and c y pre s s lik e in h e ight S u b m i s s t o wi s d o m and e nd o w e d with S p e e ch P o s s e s s e d o f kno wl e dg e wi s d o m r e as o ning H e r u l e th o th e r cr e at u r e s as th e ir ki ng O b s e rv e awhil e with wi s d o m fo r thy gu id e D o th m an i m ply o ne nat u re o ne al o ne ? Th o u k no w s t it m ay b e b u t t h e fe e bl e s id e Of m o rt al m an wh e r e i n no tr ac e is s h o wn O f au ght b e y o nd and y e t t wo w o rld s agr e e — n ighty p a rt e r s hip t o fu r ni s h th e e A m By natu r e firs t in o rd e r l as t art th o u ; H o ld no t thy s e lf th e n lightly I h av e k no w n S hr e wd m e n s p e ak o th e rwi s e b u t w h o s h all tr o w Th e s e cr e t s th at p e rt ain t o G o d al o ne L o o k t o t h e e nd ac t e v e r rightfu lly A nd t o il s i n c e s l o th and k no wl e dge ne e r agr e e Bu t if th ou w o u ld s t e s c ap e c al am ity I n b o th w o rld s fr o m t h e ne t o f b al e b e fr e e d A nd in G o d s s ight a right e o u s m an i nd e e d Th e n t o y o n s wiftly tu r ni ng d o m e thy g az e Dir e ct th at c au s e o f ang u i s h and r e li e f A d o m e no t fr e tt e d by t h e l ap s e o f day s A nd u naffe ct e d by o u r j oy o r gri e f ;
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TH E
P RE L UD E
10
t y th no t t o r e s t b u t t u rne th s till N o t p e ris hi ng lik e u s b u t u nd e c ay e d Th e r e bo th t h e t e r m and pr o c e s s are di s pl ay e d Th e r e are r e v e al e d t o th e e b o th g o o d and ill It
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With l am p and t o rch in m any a s p o t arr ay e d Lik e g ard e ns fo r t h e N e w Ye ar s fe s tival Withi n t he d om e a gl add e ni ng G e m b e h o ld R e v o lving ; th e nc e t h e ligh t o f day is s pr e ad A nd e v e ry m o rn i ng lik e a S hi e ld o f g o ld I t r ai s e th fr o m t h e E as t it s S hi ni ng h e ad ; Th e e arth is cl ad in r o b e s o f s pr e adi ng light Th e s u n d e cline th and th e r e c o m e th nigh t ; Day ne e r o e rt ak e t h night no r nigh t t h e day M o s t r e g u l ar in all th e ir m o v e m e nt s th e y 0 th o u my S u n ! h as t th ou for m e no ray 7 ’
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Th o u gh night b e d ark th e r e is a light as s u r e d : S e e th at th o u u s e it no t u nw o rthily Tw o d ays and night s it s fe at u r e s are o b s c u r e d W o r n s o o thly by r e v o lving ; pr e s e n tly " l is s e e n ag ai n b u t p allid thin and b ack e d Lik e o ne w h o by t h e p ang s o f l o v e is r ack e d .
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TH E S H A H N A M A
6
O F PI RDA 0 5 1
Th e n if t h e g az e r far aw ay s e cu r e A gli m p s e th e r e o f t is qu ickly l o s t t o S igh t ; Bu t o n t h e fo ll o wi ng e v e it s e e m e th m o r e A nd yi e ld e th u nt o th e e a l arg e r light I n fo u rt e e n d ay s it w ax e th fu ll and bright I n fo u rt e en w ane t h till it s c o u r s e is ru n Di m ini s hing as night s u c c e e de t h night A nd dr awi ng n e ar e r t o t h e bl az i ng s u n S u ch w as t h e natu r e g i ve n by G o d s d e cr e e A nd will b e whil e t h e m o on it s e lf s h all b e ’
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kno wl e dg e tru s ty g u id e s are th e y A nd t is for th e e t o s e e k S alv ati o n s w ay ; I f th o u w ou ld s t h av e thy h e art no t s ad no t s e e Thy s pirit wr e tch e d thr o u gh e t e rnity To t ak e t h e Pr o ph e t s t e achi ng b e thy p art Th e r e w as h aw ay t h e d arkne s s o f thy h e art Wh at w as it th at H e s aid t h e i ns pir ed L o rd O f biddi ng and fo rbidding—H e av e n s o wn w o rd ? I am t h e City o f t h e D o ctri ne h e Th at is t h e g at e w ay t o it is A li I wit ne s s th at H is h e art is in th at w o rd A S th o u gh as t h o u m ay s t s ay H is v o ic e I h e ard R e g ard th e n e ach c o m p ani o n and A li A S th o s e th at g av e t h e F aith s t ability ; Th e s e are t h e m o o ns t h e Pr o ph e t is t h e s u n ; With th e m in u ni o n is t h e w ay to ru n S l av e o f t h e Pr o ph e t s S l av e s with pr ai s e I gr e e t Th e d u s t u p o n h is m and at ary s fe e t Wh at o th e r s s ay t o m e is no c onc e r n This is m y w ay fr o m thi s I ne v e r tu r n ,
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10
TH E S H A H N A M A
8
On the Co mp ilation
OF
f
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P I RDA 0 5 1
t he S hahnama
A ll
h av e go ne s w e e pi ng in t h e g arth o f l o r e A nd wh at I t e ll h ath all b e e n t old b e fo r e Bu t th o u gh u p o n a fr u it tr e e I O bt ai n N O pl ac e and p u rp o s e no t t o cli m b s till h e Th at s h e lt e re t h b e ne ath a l o fty tre e Will fr o m it s S h ad o w s o m e pr o t e ctio n g ai n ; A fo o ting o n t h e b o u gh s t o o I m ay fi nd Of y o nd e r s h ady cypr e s s aft e r all Fo r h avi ng l e ft thi s hi s to ry b e hi n d Of fam o u s ki ngs as m y m e m o ri al D e e m n o t th e s e l e g e nd s lyi ng fant as y A S if t h e w o rld w e r e alw ay s in o ne s t ay Fo r m o s t acc o rd wi t h s e ns e o r anyw ay C o n t ain a m o r al I n t h e d ay s g o ne by Th e r e w as an E pic Cycl e s pr e ad br o adc as t A m o ng t h e l e ar ne d arc h m age s and at l as t A c e rt ain p al adi n o f r u s tic birth A m an o f c ou r ag e wi s d o m r ank and w o rth A n antiqu ary o ne w h o r ans acke d e arth Fo r any l e g e nd s o f th e ag e s p as t I nt e nt o n l e ar ni ng wh at m igh t y e t b e k no w n C all e d h o ar arch m age s o u t o f e ve ry cli m e To as k ab o u t t h e annal s o f t h e thr o ne Th e fam e d s u cc e s s fu l h e r o e s o f o ld ti m e Wh at m e n w e r e d o i ng in th o s e d ay s t h at w e I nh e rit s u ch a w o rld o f m i s e ry A nd h o w e ach day b e ne ath au s pici o u s S ki e s Th e y c arri e d o u t s o m e d ari ng e nt e rpri s e Th e arch m age s t o ld th e ir l e g e nd ary s t o r e H O W thi s w o rld far e d and wh at ki ng s u nd e rt o o k ,
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TH E
PR EL UD E
lis t e ne d t o t h e m e n o f l o r e H e l aid t h e b as i s o f t h e fam ou s b o o k Which no w r e m aine th his m e mo ri al A mid t h e pl au dits b o th o f gr e at and s m all A nd
as
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Of the poe t B a k ik i
wh e n th e r e ad e r s o f t h e b o o k h ad br o u gh t Th e s t o ri e s i nt o v o gu e all h e arts w e r e c au ght At l e as t am o ng t h e m e n o f p art s and th o ught A b rilli ant you th w e ll S kill e d in p o e try Ar o s e o f ard e nt m i nd and e l o qu e nt I will r e t e ll th e s e t al e s in v e r s e s aid h e A nd e v e ry o n e r ej o ic e d at h is i nt e nt Bu t vici o u s h abit s w e r e his fri e nd s th o u gh w e S h ou ld h o ld all vic e s fe e s th at w e S h o u ld dr e ad A nd d e ath appr o aching u ne xp e ct e dly I m p o s e d it s gl o o m y h e l m e t o n h is h e ad H e g av e h is life t o vic e and e arth ne e r g av e H im tr u e e nj o y m e nt fo r a S ingl e day Whil e fo rt u ne qu ickly t u rne d it s fac e aw ay H e p e ri s h e d by t h e h and o f h is o w n s l av e D e p arti ng thu s h e l e ft th os e t al e s o f yo r e Unt o ld ; th e ir w ak e ne d fo rt u ne S l e pt o nc e m o re 0 G o d I fo rgiv e h is fau lt s and in Thy gr ac e A s s ign him at t h e l as t an h o no u r e d pl ac e N ow
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H ow the pres ent B ook was begun
Mine ard e nt h e art t u rne d wh e n Dak ik i fe ll S p o n t ane o u s ly t o w ard t h e Ira ni an thr o ne ; I f I c an ge t t h e b o o k I will r e t e ll I s aid t h e t al e s in l ang u ag e o f m i ne o wn ,
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,
TH E S H A H N A M A
OF
PI R DA U S I
p e rs o ns m o r e than I c an s ay Fo r I w as fe arfu l a s ti me p as s e d aw ay Th at life w o u ld no t s u ffic e b u t th at I t o o S h o u ld l e av e t h e w o rk fo r o th e r h and s t o do Th e r e w as b e s id e s a d e arth o f p atr o nage Fo r s u ch a w o rk ; th e r e w as no p u rch as e r I t w as a ti m e o f w ar a s tr ait e ne d age Fo r th o s e wh o h ad p e titi o ns t o pr e fe r M u ch ti me e l ap s e d I s till c o nc e al e d fr o m all My s e cr e t p u rp o s e fo r I c ou ld no t s e e O ne w h o w as w o rthy t o p art ak e with m e Thi s e nt e rpri s e Wh at in thi s w o rld c an b e M o r e e xc e ll e nt th an no bl e w o rd s ? M e n c all D o w n bl e s s ing s o n th e m m e n b o th gr e at and s m all G o o d w o rd s h ad G o d v ou ch s afe d no t t o pr o vid e H o w h ad t h e Pr o ph e t e v e r b e e n o u r g u id e I h ad a d e ar fri e n d in t h e city th o u H ad s t s aid : Th e y tw ai n h av e b u t o ne s kin O ne day H e s aid : I lik e thy s ch e m e ; p u r s u e thy w ay ; Thy fe e t are in t h e right dir e cti o n no w I u n d e rt ak e fo r m y p ar t t o pr o c u r e Thi s anci e nt P e rs i an b o o k ; b u t b e no t S l ack O f y o u th and e l o qu e n c e th o u h as t a s t o r e Thy s p e e ch p o s s e s s e th t o o t h e anci e nt s m ack Th e s t o ri e s o f o u r ki ng s afr e s h r e l at e A nd r ais e thy r e p u t ati o n with t h e gr e at H e br o u ght t h e v o l u m e t o m e and ano n Th e d arkne s s o f m y gl o o m y s o u l w as ge ne I
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I n Pr ais e
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bt aine d t h e v ol u m e a gr and e e O f no bl e li ne ag e and c o ns pic u o u s w o rth S till in h is y o u th a p al adi n by birth
Wh e n
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TH E S H A H N A M A
The Prais e
PI RDA U S I
OF
f S ultan M ahmud
o
N e e r s inc e t h e m aki ng o f t h e w o rld w as d o ne H ath s u ch a ki ng b e e n s e e n by h u m an e y e ; Th e cr o w n ab o v e h is thr o ne is lik e t h e s u n A nd m ak e th e arth as bright as iv o ry H o w c ans t th o u s ay : I t is t h e s u n i nd e e d Fr o m h im by far m o r e gl o ri o u s r ays pr o c e e d Abu l Ka s i m ! thi s all vict o ri o u s o ne H ath s e t his thr o ne y e t high e r th an t h e s u n ! H is are t h e r ay s which ill u s tr at e t h e S k y H is is t h e Gr ac e which O p e ne th afar Y o n m i ne s o f g o ld Aw o k e my s l u mb e ring s t ar I d e as p o u r e d thr ou gh m y br ai n t u m u lt u o u s ly M e th ou ght : Th e ti m e fo r s p e aki ng in g o o d s o o th H ath c o m e t h e o u tw o r n age regaine t h y o u th By th o u ght s o f this gr e at m o narch o cc u pi e d I fe ll as l e e p o ne night with lip s all pr ai s e Whil e my fr e e h e art alth o u gh my lip s w e r e ti e d Th e n I b e h e ld in s l e e p S h o ne in t h e d ark A daz z h ng l u s tr e ris i ng fr o m t h e d e e p A nd m aki ng by t h e bright ne s s o f it s r ay s Th e w as t e Th e gl o o m o f e art h like glitt e ri ng g e m s Gr e w lik e br o c ad e b e ne ath th at r adi ant ligh t A nd in t h e m id s t a t u rqu o i s e thr o ne w as pl ac e d Up o n t h e thr o ne th e r e s at a m o o n lik e ki ng With o n h is h e ad a cr o wn fo r c o v e ring To l e ft th e r e w e r e H is ar m y s tr e tch e d t w o m il e s S e v e n hu ndr e d e l e ph ant s in all th e ir m ight B e fo r e h im s too d a tr u s ty m i nis t e r To gu id e h im t o t h e F aith and t o do right ’
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TH E
PRE L UDE
1 1
By th at S hah s Grac e by all th o s e tr o o p s ou t s pr e ad A nd m ighty el e ph ant s my h e ad w as d az e d A n d as u p o n h is r o y al fac e I g az e d To th at ill u s tri ou s c o mp any I s aid I S thi s t h e s k y and m o o n o r thr o ne and cr o w n A re th e s e h is s oldi e r s o r t h e s t ar s c o m e d o w n ? O ne ans w e r e d : Tis t h e ki ng o f Rum and I nd King fr o m Kannuj e e n t o t h e riv e r S ind Whil e in Tura n and in Ira n m e n gi v e A s s l av e s o b e di e nc e t o h is will and live The r e by With j u s tic e d e ck e d h e e arth and no w Th at d o ne h ath s e t t h e cr o wn u p on h is br o w M ah m ud t h e w o rldlo rd t h e gr e at S hah d o th bring T o g e th e r S h e e p and w o lf fo r w at e ri ng Th e m o narch s fr o m K as h m ir d o w n t o t h e s e a O f Ch in are i ns t an t in h is e u l o gy A nd childr e n y e t withi n th e ir c o t s pr o cl ai m With lip s u nw e ane d as th e ir fir s t w o rd h is nam e Do th o u t o o t e ll h is pr ai s e fo r th o u c ans t s p e ak A nd thr o u gh h im e v e rl as t i ng gl o ry s e e k All do his biddi ng and k e e p fe alty Wh e n I aw ak e ne d t o my fe e t I s pr ang Oh wh at a whil e th at night h is pr ai s e I s ang ! N o dr ach m s h ad I b u t p o u r e d my s o u l an d cri e d My dre am is j u s tifi e d To m i ne o wn h e art : Fo r his r e no w n is p at e nt far and wid e Th e n pr ai s e t o him w h o pr ais e th t h e Mo s t High Fo r s l e e pl e s s fo rt u ne cr o w n and S ig ne t rin g H is gl o ry m ak e th e arth lik e g arth s in S pri ng With fl o w e r p ai nt e d s o il and cl ou dy S k y A s k y wh e n c e in th e ir s e as on S h o w e r s c o m e A nd m ak e t h e w o rld a g ard e n o f I r am Wh at g oo d is in Iran h is j u s tic e giv e th H is n am e al o ne is h e ard wh e r e any liv e t h ’
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3
TH E S H A H N A M A '
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OF PI R DA U S I
A b o u nt e o u s H e av e n at b anqu e t s th o u wilt fi nd A s h arp cl aw e d Dr ag o n in t h e fr ay m e anwhil e ; ,
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l ph ant h ath G abri e l s m i nd H and s lik e a wi nt e r cl o u d h e art lik e t h e Nil e Wh e n h e is wr o th o pp o s i ng fo rt u ne s m ight I s as d inar s are w o rthl e s s in h is s ight ; To b o as t o f cr o wn and h o ard is no t h is p art A nd w ar and tr av ail d ark e n no t his h e art All th o s e w h o are am o ng h is fo s t e rlings Fr e e b o rn o r o th e rwi s e b u t no bl e s till D e v o t e d li e g e s o f t h e ki ng o f king s With l o i ns girt r e ady t o p e rfo r m his wil l H av e e ach a pr o vi nc e u nd e r th e ir c o ntr ol E ach h ath his nam e i ns crib e d o n e v e ry r o ll Th e fo r e m o s t is h is br o th e r w h o in y e ars I s y o u ng e r b u t in c ou r ag e h ath no p e e r s ; Th e y w h o are c o u rti e r s o f h is Gr ac e acqu ir e J o y in t h e s h ad o w o f t h e ag e s ki ng For h e w h o h ath N as iru d Di n fo r s ir e H at h r o u nd h is thr o ne t h e Pl e i ad s in a ring A nd is t h e l o rd o f pr o w e s s r e d e and m ight I n wh o m t h e n o bl e s o ne and all d e light N e xt is t h e prin c e o f Tus a v ali ant l o rd Wh o m o ck e th li o ns in t h e b attl e tid e A nd lav is h e t h wh at fo rt u ne m ay acc o rd To h im d e s iri ng h o no u r nau ght b e s id e H e l e ad e th m e n t o G o d ; his pr ay e r is s till Th at t h e S hah s h e ad m ay b e pr e s e rve d fr o m ill M ay e arth ne e r s e e th at r o y al h e ad go d o wn A n d m ay t h e S hah r ej o ic e fo r e v e r thu s P o s s e s s i ng h e alth o f b o dy thr o ne and cr o wn Unp ai ne d u ntr o u bl e d and vict o ri o u s H e is
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N o w t o t h e o p e ning o f my To t e ll t h e t al e s o f fam ou s
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w o rk o nc e m o r e ki ng s o f yo r e .
T
A R GU M E N
p t t ll t h hi t ry f t h fir t t n S h ah f Iran d crib t h pr g r f t h w rl d f r m b r b i m t c lt r nd t h i n nti n f t h rt nd ci nc Gr c n d fi n lly h w t h d p r t d f r m t h Pi h dadi n Dy n ty th r gh t h nw rthi n nd d g n r cy f it r p nt ti The e
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G A I IJ M A R T RE IG N E D FO R TH I RTY
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T G ium t t h fi r t S h ah nd t h fi r t r l r f t h w r l d i nc r th n y nd h t f di t tt ck him f A hr i m n w h c mm nd d by t h B l ck Di —t h n f A hrim n S iy am k th n f G i m t with n rmy nc nt r t h B l ck Di nd i n g d by hi n H u h ng w h l in b t i cc d t t h th r n n th d th f hi g r ndf th r A R GU M E N
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§ The Greatnes s
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Wh at s aith t h e r u s tic bard ? Wh o fir s t d e s igne d To g ai n t h e cr o wn o f p o w e r am o ng m ankind Wh o pl ac e d t h e di ad e m u p o n h is br o w Th e r e c o rd o f th o s e d ay s h ath p e ri s h e d no w U nle s s o ne h avi ng b o rne in m e m o ry T al e s t o ld by s ir e t o s o n d e cl ar e t o th e e Wh o w as t h e fir s t t o u s e t h e r o y al s tyl e A nd s t o o d t h e h e ad o f all t h e m ighty fi le H e w h o c o m pil e d t h e anci e n t l e g e nd ary A nd t al e s o f p al adi ns s aith G aium art I nv e n t e d cr o w n and thr o ne and w as a S hah Thi s o rd e r Gr ac e and l u s tr e c am e t o e arth Wh e n S ol w as d o m inant in Ari e s A nd s h o ne s o brightly th at t h e w o rld gr e w y o u ng I t s l o rd w as G aium art w h o dw e l t at fir s t Up o n a m o u nt ain ; th e nc e his thr o ne and fo rtu ne R o s e H e and all h is tr o o p w o r e l e o p ard s kin s A nd u nd e r him t h e arts o f life b e g an Fo r fo o d and dr e s s w e r e in th e ir infan cy ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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H o w S iy dmdk was S lain by the H and
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th at fo u l d iv s act s r e ach e d S iy am ak Wh o li s t e ne d e ag e rly ; h is h e art s e e th e d u p With r ag e H e g ath e r e d tr o o p s arr ay e d hi m s e lf I n l e o p ard s ki n fo r m ail w as y e t u nw o r n A nd w e n t t o fight Wh e n h o s t m e t h o s t h e c am e I n fr o nt u nar m e d t o gr appl e with t h e s o n O f A hri m an Th at h o rribl e Bl ack Div Clu tch e d at b e nt d o w n t h at pri nc e o f l o fty s t at u r e A n d r e n t him o p e n Th u s di e d S iy arnak By th at fo u l h and and l e ft t h e ar m y c h ie fl e s s Wh e n G aium art h e ard thi s t h e w o rld t u rne d bl ack To him h e l e ft h is thr o ne h e w ail e d al o u d A n d t o r e h is fac e and b o dy with h is n ai ls H is ch e e k s w e r e s mirch e d with bl o o d h is h e ar t w as br o k e n All t h e s o ldi e r s w e pt A nd life gr e w s o m br e C o ns u m e d u p o n t h e fl am e s o f w o e and w ail e d A s cl ad in t u rq u o i s e c o l o u r e d g arb th e y s t o o d B e fo r e t h e p o rt al o f t h e S hah All ch e e k s W e re wi ne re d fo r all e y e s s h e d t e ar s of bl o o d Bird s ti m id b e as t s and fi e rc e fl o ck e d t o t h e m o u nt ai n With d o l e fu l cri e s in angu i s h and d u s t r o s e B e fo r e t h e c o u rt g at e o f t h e m ighty S hah Wh e n o ne y e ar h ad p as s e d th u s t h e bl e s t S u rus h Was s e nt by G o d h e gr e e t e d G aifi m art L am e nt no m o r e c o ntr o l thy s e lf A nd s aid : Do as I bid c o ll e ct thy tr o o p s and t u r n Thy fo e m e n i nt o d u s t r e li e v e e arth s s u rfac e O f th at vil e div and thi ne o w n h e art o f v e ng e anc e N e ws
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G A I UM A R T
fam ou s S hah l o o k e d u p and c u r s e d Th e n c alli ng by t h e high e s t o f all nam e s Up o n h is G o d h e wip e d h is t e ar s aw ay A nd pr o s e c u t e d ve ng e anc e night and day
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H US H A N G RE I G N E D FO RTY
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1 26
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TH E S H A H N A M A
1 28
E xpl ore d h e in
PI RDA vs i
f thirty
ye ars H is ti m e o f life w as s p e n t Y e t p as s e d aw ay A nd all h is t o il s b e c am e his m o nu m e nt 0 w o rld ! c ar e s s no t th o s e wh o m th o u wilt s o o n C u t o ff for s u ch c ar e s s ing is no b o o n ; Th ou rais e s t o ne t o v e ry h e av e n o n high Th e n b idde s t h im in s o rry d u s t t o lie a
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1 30
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fir s t wr o u ght ar m s and o p e d for w arri o rs Th e d o o r o f fam e H is Gr ac e m ad e ir o n yi e ld ; H e fas hi o ne d it t o h e l m e ts h au b e rk s br e as tpl at e s A nd c o ats o f ar m o u r b o th fo r m an and h o r s e H is ard e nt m i n d achi e v e d t he w o rk and m ad e Go o d s t o r e in fifty y e ar s A no th e r fifty H e s p e nt o n r ai m e n t fit fo r fight o r fe as t ; A nd m ad e o f s p u n an d fl o s s s ilk h air and c o tt o n Fine fabric s cl o th o f h air and rich br o c ad e H e t au ght t o s pi n and w e av e and wh e n t h e s t u ffs W e r e m ad e h e s h o w e d m e n h o w t o fu ll and s e w th e m Th e n t o t h e j o y o f all h e fo u nd e d c as t e s Fo r e v e ry cr aft it t o o k h im fifty y e ar s Di s ting u i s hing o ne c as t e as s ac e rd o t al To b e e m pl oy e d in s acr e d o ffi c e s H e s e p ar at e d it fr o m o th e r fo lk A nd m ad e it s pl ac e o f s e rvic e o n t h e m o u nt ai ns Th at G o d m ight b e ad o r e d in qu i e t u d e Arr aye d fo r b attl e o n t h e o th e r h and W e r e th o s e w h o fo r m e d t h e m ilit ary c as t e ; The y w e r e t h e li o n m e n i nu r e d t o w ar Th e Light s o f ar m i e s an d o f pr o vi nc e s Wh o s e o ffic e w as t o g u ard t h e r o y al thr o ne A nd v i ndic at e t h e nati o n s n am e fo r v al o u r Th e third c as t e w as t h e agric u lt u r al A ll i nd e p e n d e nt till e r s o f t h e s o il Th e s o w e r s and t h e r e ap e r s m e n wh o m no ne Upbr aid e th wh e n th e y e at Th ou gh cl o th e d in r ag s Th e w e ar e r s are n o t s l av e s and s o u nd s o f chidi ng R e ach no t th e ir e ar s Th e y are fr e e m e n and l ab o u r Up o n t h e s o il s afe fr o m di s p u t e and c o n t e s t Wh at s aid t h e no bl e m an and e l o qu e nt ? Tis idl e ne s s th at m ak e th fr e e m e n s l av e s Th e fo u rth c as t e w as t h e art iz ans Th e y liv e By d o i ng h andiwo rk—a t u rb u l e nt cr e w He
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Wh o b e ing alw ay s b u s i e d with th e ir cr aft giv e n m u ch t o th o ught J ams h id th u s s p e nt A no th e r fifty y e ars and did m u ch go o d Fo r e ach m an l e ar n t his pl ac e and o th e r s t o o H e b ad e t h e fou l d ivs t e m p e r e arth with w at e r A nd t au gh t th e m h o w t o fas hi o n m o u ld s fo r brick s Th e y l aid fo u nd atio ns fir s t with s t o ne s and li m e Th e n r ai s e d th e r e o n by r u l e s o f art s u ch s tr u ct u r e s A s h o t b ath s l o fty h all s and s anct u ari e s H e s e arc h e d am o ng t h e r o ck s fo r s t o ne s wh o s e l u s tr e Attr act e d him and c am e o n m any a j e w e l A s r u bi e s am b e r s il v e r g o ld J a m s h id Unl o cke d th e 1 r d o o r s and br o u ght th e m fo rth by s p e ll s H e i nt r o d u c e d t h e s c e n t s th at m e n e nj o y A s c am ph o r g e nu i ne m u s k gu m B e nj am i n S w e e t al o e am b e rgri s and bright r o s e w at e r N e xt l e e chcr aft and t h e h e aling o f t h e s ick Th e m e ans o f h e alth t h e c o u r s e o f m al adi e s W e re s e cr e t s o p ene d by J am s h id : t h e w o rld H ath s e e n no o th e r s u ch di s c o v e r e r Fo r fifty y e ar s H e cr o s s e d t h e s e a in s hip s H is wi s d o m br o u ght t o light t h e pr o p e rti e s Th e s e w o rk s achi e v e d J am s hid am biti o ne d O f thi ng s R ank l o ftie r s till and by h is r o y al Gra c e M ad e h im a thr o ne with wh at a w e al t h o f ge ms I nl aid ! which wh e n h e will e d t h e d ivs t o o k u p Th e re t h e S hah A nd b ar e fr o m e arth t o h e av e n Wh o s e w o rd w as law s at s u nlik e in m id air Th e w o rld as s e m bl e d r ou n d his thr o ne in w o nd e r At his r e s pl e nd e nt fo rtu ne whil e o n him Th e p e o pl e s c att e r e d j e w e l s and b es t o w e d Up o n t h e day t h e nam e o f N e w Y e ar s Day Th e fir s t o f Farw ardin and o f t h e y e ar Wh e n li m b s r e p o s e fr o m l ab o u r he arts fr o m s trife
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1
TH E S H A H N A M A
34
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O F PI R DA 0 5 1
bl e Chi e ft ai ns h e ld a fe s tival C all e d fo r t h e g o bl e t wi ne and m ins tr e l s y A nd e v e r s i nc e th at ti m e th at gl o ri o u s day R e m aine th t h e m e m o ri al o f th at S hah Th u s thi ng s c o nti nu e d fo r thr e e c e ntu ri e s A nd all t h e whil e m e n n e v e r l o o k e d o n d e ath ; Th e y w o tt e d no t o f trav ail o r o f ill A nd d iv s li k e s l av e s w e r e gir t t o do th e m s e rvic e ; M e n h e ark e ne d t o J am s h id with b o th th e ir e ar s S we e t v o ic e s fill e d t h e w o rld with m e l o dy A nd th u s till m any y e ar s h ad c o m e and g o n e Th e r oy al Gr ac e s h o ne brightly fr o m t h e S hah H is e nd s h ad b e e n at t ai ne d t h e w o rld r e po s e d A nd s till ne w r e v e l ati o ns c am e fr o m G o d M e n s aw b u t g o o d ne s s in th e ir ki ng t h e e arth S erv e d h im h e r e ig ne d— a m o narch with t h e Gr ac e On e day c o nt e m pl ati ng t h e thr o ne o f p o w e r H e kne w G o d H e d e e m e d th at h e w as p e e rl e s s Bu t ac t e d fr o w ar dly and t u r ne d as id e I n h is i ngr atit u d e H e s u m m o ne d all Th e chi e fs and wh at a w e al t h o f w o rd s h e u s e d The w o rld is m i n e I fo u nd it s pr o p e rti e s Th e r o y al thr o ne h ath s e e n n o ki ng like m e Fo r I h av e d e ck e d t h e w o rld wi t h e xc e ll e nc e A nd fas hi o ne d e arth acc o r di ng t o m y will Fr o m m e d e riv e y ou r pr o v and e as e and s l e e p Y o u r r ai m e nt and y o u r pl e as u r e Mine are gr e atne s s Wh o s aith A nd di ad e m and s o v e r e ig nty Th at th e r e is any gr e at ki ng s av e m y s e lf L e e ch cr aft h ath c u r ed t h e w o rld di s e as e and d e ath Th o u gh ki ng s are m any w h o b u t I A re s t ay e d S av e d m e n fr o m d e ath ? Ye o w e m e s e nse and life Th e y w h o ad o r e m e no t are Ahri m ans S o n o w th at y e p e rc e iv e wh at I h av e d o ne All h ail m e as t h e M ak e r o f t h e w o rld no
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TH E S H A H N A M A
36
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p e ri nt e nd e nc e no t in w ar O ne day I bli s appr o ach e d h im as a fri e nd A nd le d his wit s as tr ay Th e y o u th g av e e ar With pl e as u r e and all u ns u s p e ctingly Gave t o I bl is h e ar t r e as on and p u r e s ou l A nd h e ap e d t h e d u s t o n h is o wn h e ad I bl is E x u lt e d s e e i ng th at t h e y o u th w as s nar e d A nd g u ll e d t h e s i m pl e t o n with s p e ci o u s w o rd s Thu s s ayi ng : I c o u ld t e ll th e e m any things K no w n t o m y s e lf al o ne Th e y o u th m ad e ans w e r T e ll m e at o nc e my w o rthy m onit o r I I blis r e pli e d Fir s t pr o m i s e th e n m y s t o ry Th e g u il e l e s s y o u th s w o r e as I bl is dict at e d Thy s e cr e t s h all b e k e pt thy biddi ng d o ne Th e n s aid I blis Gr e at pri nc e ! s h all any r u l e H e r e b u t thy s e lf ? Wh at pro fi t e t h a s ir e With s u ch a s o n N o w h e ark e n t o m y r e d e Th e life ti m e o f thi s anci e n t p o t e nt at e C o nti nu e th th o u art s h e lv e d S e i z e o n h is c o u rt A nd g o o d s H is pl ac e will s u it th e e th ou s h alt b e Ki ng o f t h e w o rld if th o u d u r s t do m y biddi ng Z ah h ak l o o k e d gr av e t o s h e d his s ir e s bl o o d gri e v e d su
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p al ac e w as a j c ou nd g arth A nd t hith e r u s e d M arda s t o go at d aw n To b ath e h im e re h e pr ay e d with ou t a s l av e To light him o n h is w ay Th e wick e d Div I nt e nt o n ill dug in t h e g ard e n p ath A d e e p pit m as k e d and m ad e it g o o d with b o u gh s E re d awn t h e Ar ab chi e ft ai n hi e d h im thith e r A nd as h e r e ach e d t h e pit his fo rt u ne s fe ll ; Th at g o o d m an t u m bl e d br o k e h is b ack and di e d H e ne e r h ad br e ath e d a c o ld br e ath o n h is s o n Bu t ch e ri s h e d h im and l avi s h e d tr e as u r e o n h im Y e t th at ab and o ne d y o u th r e s p e ct e d no t H is fath e r b u t c o ns pir e d t o s h e d h is bl o o d I h e ard a s ag e o n c e s ay : Th o u gh fi e rc e in s trife N o s o n will d ar e t o t ak e h is fath e r s life ; I f s u ch a cri m e s h o u ld s e e m t o b e i m pli e d S e e k fo r t h e r e as o n o n t h e m o t h e r s s id e Vil e and u nj u s t Zah h ak th u s s e i z e d t h e thr o ne A s s u m e d t h e Ar ab s cr o w n and g o v e r ne d t h e m Fo r g o o d o r ill I bl is e nc o u ra e d thu s B e g an ag ai n and s aid : S i nc e io u h as t t u rne d To m e and gaine d t h y h e art s d e s ir e c o m e pl e dg e m e Thy w o rd o n c e m o r e t o do as I r e qu ir e ; A nd th e n thy r e al m s h all s pr e ad thr o u gh o u t t h e w o rl d Bird s b e as t s and fi s h e s s h all b e all thi ne o w n Wh e n thi s w as s aid h e s e t ab o u t t o u s e M o s t m arv e ll o u s ! ano th e r kind o f r u s e ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
38
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h av ing s e i z e d t h e thr o ne o f S hah J am s h id S lipp e d o n t h e w o rld as tw e r e a fi nge r ri ng Th u s fe ll J am s h id Pr e s s e d by t h e w o rld s ne w l o r d H e fl e d s u rr e nd e rin g cr o w n thr o ne and tr e as u r e H o s t p o w e r and di ad e m Th e w o rld t u rne d bl ack To h im h e di s app e ar e d and yi e ld e d all H e w as in hidi ng fo r a c e nt u ry Bu t in t h e h u ndr e dth y e ar t h e i m pi o u s S hah App e ar e d o ne day b e s id e t h e s e a o f Chin Z ah h ak cl u tch e d him fo r t hwith g av e h im s m all r e s pit e A nd s awi ng h im as u nd e r fr e e d t h e w o rld Fr o m h im and fr o m t h e fe ar th at h e i ns pir e d L o ng w as h e hidd e n fr o m t h e Dr ag o n s br e ath Bu t th e r e w as n o e s c api ng in t h e e nd Fo r fo rt u ne whirl e d h im lik e a y e ll o w s tr aw A nd b o th h is thr o ne and gr e at ne s s p as s e d aw ay Wh at b e tt e r S hah w as e v e r o n t h e thr o ne A nd y e t wh at pr o fit c ou ld h e c all h is o w n Fr o m all h is t o il s ? H is s e v e n c e n t u ri e s Bro u ght h im gr e at bl e s s i ng s and c al am iti e s Wh at n e e d h as t th o u th e n fo r a l e ngth o f y e ar s ? Th e w o rld w ill k e e p it s s e cr e t s th o u gh fo r fo o d I t giv e th e e s w e e t s and h o ne yc o m b and r u d e U nge ntl e v o ic e s b ani s h fr o m thine e ar s Wilt th o u th e n s ay : I t s l o v e is s p e nt o n m e I n e v e ry l o o k affe cti o n is e xpr e s s e d Wilt th o u c o nfid e th e r e i n c ar e s s i ngly A nd t e ll it all t h e s e cr e t s o f thy br e as t ? " I will pl ay with th e e a pr e tty g am e i nd e e d A no n and c au s e thy wr e tch e d h e art t o bl e e d My h e ar t is w e ary o f thi s W ay s id e I nn O G o d ! r e l e as e m e s o o n fr o m t o il th e r e i n A nd
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PI RDA U S f f n ti p pl f Iran H i cc rdi ngly r pr nt d A r bi i n d d I ran nd t h h d hi c pit l t cit y t h which i p rh p b t i d n tifi d with B byl n W r d in t h Z nd i h h a k h i A n iti d d A i h a k t t T h D Z ) ) ( ( thr m th d ff r p crific in t h l nd f B w ri with h ndr d m l h r th nd x n nd t n th nd l mb H b gg d f h b n yi ng G r n t m thi b n 0 g d m t b n fi nt A r d i S ir A nahit ! th t I m y m k ll t h n K h r th m pty f m n A rd i S ur ( C l im ) f t h A n ahit did n t g r n t him th t b n T h did Th ét n li n t A t hw y cl n fl p c rific ( F ri dun ) t h h i r f t h y i n g G r n t m thi O g d m t b n fi nt A rd i S ir A n ahit ! th t I m y rc m A i D hak t h thr m th d t h thr h d d t h i y d th t d m n b l f l t t h w rl d th t A ngr M iny (A hri m n) cr t d g i n t t h m t ri l w rl d t d t r y t h w rl d f t h g d p ri ncipl r nd th t I m y d li hi t w wi S n gh ah ( S h h ina ) n d E n ak (A n w a ) wh f ir t f b dy m ng t w m n nd t h m t th w nd r f l cr t r in t h w rl d Z hh ak p l c i c ll d in t h Z nd which m y t K i int m n in t h A t l ng g t rk Th r i l g nd t h t in t h f rm f th t bi rd th p l c w W l rn f r m t h D ink d th t t h l g nd f Z hh ak w c nt i n d in t h Kit dad nd S adh N k f t h Z nd t k c n t i n d i nf rm ti n A b t t h miti ng by Th l tt r N k f killi ng D h ak ; t h t riki ng f hi cl b F édun f th p n t h n p f t h n ck t h h r t nd n t h k ll ; nd Th n miti g him wi th D h ak n t dyi ng f r m th t b ti ng w rd nd t h f rm ti n f n xi c r t r f m ny kind f r m t h b dy f D hak t t h fir t c nd nd thi rd bl w xcl m ti n f t h cr t r A ih m d t F d n th Th Th h l d t n t t him w h i D h ak b c if th h l d t t r th f ll f rp nt t d h im D h ak w l d b m ki ng thi nd fr g c rpi n li rd t r t i with t h m d f b i ndi ng p ni h m n t f n him with wf l f tt r in t h m t g ri Thi t th t wh n A i D h ak w b nd t h r p r t fi n m nt m p r c d d th thr gh ll t h r gi n which f th A — i D h ak b t h w h m t hi m n th t d w n t i k n i n d th i F éd n t h A pik an t h x lt d nd m ighty which il d n t m nti n A n d m nd t h ir t n c t d w lth Thi t m i d n with i m p r t nity n th t wh n i nf rm ti n c m t him f w m n pr p rty th t '
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PI RDA w t
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TH E S H A H N A M A
OF
i t r J ams h id th e ir s e x s cr o w n W e r e br o u ght o u t tr e m bling lik e a will o w l e af O f th o s e t w o l adi e s vi s ag e d lik e t h e m o o n Th e n am e s w e r e S h ah rinaz an d A rnaw az k M e n b o r e th e m t o t h e p al ac e o f Z ah h a A nd g av e th e m o v e r t o t h e dr ag o n ki ng Wh o e d u c at e d th e m in e vil w ay s A nd t au ght th e m s o rc e ry and ne cr o m ancy Th e o nly t e aching th at h e k ne w w as b ad To m as s acr e t o pill ag e and t o b u r n E ach night t w o y o u th s o f high o r l o wly birth W e r e t ak e n t o t h e p al ac e by t h e c o o k Wh o h aving s l au ght e re d th e m t o o k o u t th e ir br ains To fe e d t h e s nak e s and e as e t h e m o narch s ang u i s h N o w in t h e r e al m w e r e t w o g o o d hig h b o r n P e r s i ans Th e pi ou s I rm ail and K ar ma il T alki ng o f t h e l awl e s s S hah Th e pr e s ci e n t Of h is r e t ai ne r s and th o s e hid e o u s m e al s By c o o k e ry w e m ight appr o ach O ne s aid : Th e S hah and by o u r wit s d e vi s e a s ch e m e To r e s c u e o n e fr o m e ach p air d o o me d t o d e ath Th e y w e n t and l e ar ne d th at ar t Th e cl e v e r tw ai n B e c am e t h e m onarch s c o o k s and j o y e d in s e cr e t Th e ti m e fo r s h e ddi ng bl o o d and t aki ng life C am e ,and s o m e m u rd e r o u s m i ni o ns o f t h e S hah Dr agg e d t o t h e c o o k s with vi o l e nc e t w o y ou th s Th e liv e r s o f t h e c o o k s A nd fl u ng th e m pr o ne A c h e d t h e ir e y e s fill e d with bl o o d th e ir h e art s with wr ath A nd e ach gl anc e d at t h e o th e r as h e th ou ght Th e y s l e w O f s u ch an o u tr ag e by t h e S hah O ne o f t h e y o u th s and th o u ght it b e s t t o m i ngl e H is pr e ci o u s br ai ns with s h e e p s and s p ar e t h e o th e r M ak e s hift t o hid e t h ys e lf To W h o m th e y s aid : Appr o ach no t any dw e lling pl ac e o f man Thi ne are t h e was t e s and h e ights
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TH E S H A H N A M A
1
PI RDA U S I
OF
Dragg e d h im b e fo r e t h e cro wd T o w ard M o u nt Dam aw and
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tyr ant writh e d Th o u w o u ld s t h av e s aid : H is live r S plit with fright Th e p al ac e o f t h e h u ndr e d c o l u m n s H e y e ll e d S h o o k and t h e s u n fac e d l adi e s l e ft th e ir c o u ch es Whil e A rnaw az s aid t o him : S hah ! wh at w as it ? C o nfi de in m e ; th o u w as t as l e e p in p e ac e At h o m e Wh at s aw s t th o u S ay wh at c am e t o t he e ? Th e w o rld is at thy will b e as t div and m an W atch o e r the e and t h e s e v e n cli m e s are thine 1 All twixt t h e m o o n and F is h Wh at m ad e th e e s t art O m as t e r o f t h e w o rld ! O h ! ans w e r m e I m ay no t t e ll o r e l s e Th e chi e f r e pli e d : Y e will d e s p air m y life Th e n A rnaw az Be pl e as e d t o t e ll u s w e p e rch an c e m ay fi nd A c u r e no ill is irr e m e di abl e H e t o ld t h e m e v e ry whit th e n s aid t h e F air N e gl e ct it no t b u t s e e k a r e m e dy Thy thr o ne s s e at is t h e S igne t o f t h e age Thy fam ou s fo rtu ne b righ t e ne t h t h e w o rld B e ne ath thy fi nge r ri ng th o u h as t t h e e arth With all it s fairi e s d ivs b e as t s fo wl s and m e n C all b o th t h e arch m age s and as tr o l o g e r s — and t e ll th e m all Th e wi s e s t o f e ach r e al m— f S e e if t h e h and th at t h re at e ne t h thy life Thi s k no w n I s th at o f fairy div o r m an Act vigo r o u s ly ; q u ail n o t b e fo r e thy fo e s Th e l ady s c ou ns e l pl e as e d t h e S hah Night th e n Was d ark as r av e n s pl u m e s b u t wh e n at l e ngth Th e L am p s h o w e d o e r t h e hill s and th o u h ad s t s aid S tr e w e d y e ll o w g e ms u p o n t h e az u r e v au lt Th e
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1
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S e e In
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71
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ZA H H A K
bro u ght archim ag e s s hr e wd o f h e art A nd t o ld t o th e m t h e dr e am th at pi e rc e d his liv e r H e s aid : E xp o u nd thi s dr e am with o u t d e l ay A nd m ak e m y s ou l a p athw ay t o w ard t h e light H e as k e d th e m pri v ily ab o u t t h e fu t u r e D e m andi ng : Wh at will b e my l att e r e nd A nd wh o s u cc e e d me ? T e ll o r hid e y o u r h e ad s I n s h am e Th e y t alke d t o g e th e r s ad at h e art With p arch e d lip s and with s all o w c ou nt e nanc e s : Th e y s aid : If w e t e ll tr u ly wh at is fat e d We s h all b e t o rt u r e d h aply l o s e o u r li v e s ; A nd if w e do no t ac t s tr aig h tfo rw ardly A S w e ll w as h h and s o f life N o n e d ar e d t o s p e ak : Th e ir fo rt u ne w as in j e o p ardy thr e e d ays Up o n t h e fo u rth th e S hah w as wr o th e xcl ai m ing : F o r e t e ll t h e fu t u r e o r b e h u ng alive Th e y dr o o p e d th e ir h e ad s th e ir h e art s w e r e r e nt th e ir e y e s W e pt t e ar s o f bl o o d A mo ng th e m w as a m an Wi s e h o ne s t pr e s ci e nt by nam e Zir ak Th e chi e f o i all t h e b and o f archi m ag e s C o nc e r ne d b u t fe arl e s s h e addr e s s e d Zah h ak I nd u lge no v ap ou ri ng fo r n o ne is b o r n Th e r e h ave b e e n ki ng s e re th e e E xc e pt t o die Fit fo r t h e thr o ne o f p o w e r B o th grie fs and j o ys En o u gh th e y r e ck o ne d u p y e t th e ir ti m e c am e an ir o n w all I f th o u w e rt s t andi ng th e r e Yo n h e av e n w o u ld gri nd th e e th ou w o u ld s t no t e nd u r e O ne will h e r e aft e r t ak e thy thr o ne and fli ng Thy fo rtu ne t o t h e gr o u nd H is nam e is F ar idu n A nd h e will b e a r o y al h e av e n t o e arth A s y e t h e is no t b o rn thy ti m e o f w o e H at h no t arrive d b u t wh e n h is h o no u r e d m o th e r H ath b o rne h im h e will b e a fr u itfu l tr e e Zahh ak
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1
TH E S H A H N A M A
50
O F PI R DA U S I
At m an s e s t at e his h e ad will r e ach t h e m o o n A nd h e will s e e k thy b e lt cr o w n thr o ne and c as q u e I n s t atu r e a t all cypr e s s h e will s h o u ld e r A m ac e o f s t e e l will s m it e thy h e ad th e r e with A nd dr ag th e e fr o m t h e p al ac e t o t h e s tr e e t I n b o nd s Why bi nd m e s aid t h e i m pi ou s ki ng I n v e ng e anc e ? Th e n Zir ak : W e rt th ou b u t wi s e Bu t all m ak e pr e t e xt s for inj u ri o u s act s Thy h and will s l ay h is fath e r and th at wr ong Will fill t h e s o n s br ains with r e v e nge fu l th ou ght s B e s id e s t h e nu r s e o f thi s y ou ng ath e ling Th e c o w Birm ay a hight — will p e ri s h t o o By thy h and s o in v e ng e anc e h e will br andi s h A n o x h e ad m ac e Z ah h ak h e ard anxi o u s ly A nd s w o o ne d u p o n h is thr o ne Th e no bl e arc h m age T u r ne d h im and fl e d aw ay in dr e ad o f ill Th e S hah r e c o v e r e d and r e s u m e d h is s e at H e dilig e n tly s o u ght thr o u gh o u t t h e w o rld Fo r tr ac e s fai n t o r cl e ar o f F ar idu n ; N o fo o d no s l u m b e r o r r e p o s e t o o k h e H is d aylight t u r ne d t o l api s l az u li ’
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53 The Bir th
f
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F ar idan
Y e ar s p as s e d aw ay c al amity appr o ach e d ,
dr ag o n ki ng t h e bl e s s ed Faridi m Was b o r n t h e fas hi o n o f t h e w o rld w as ch ang e d O f cypr e s s h e ight h e s h o ne fo rth with t h e Gr ac e O f ki ng s o f ki ng s which e r s t J am s h id p o s s e s s e d ’
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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p ak e th u s t o t h e gu ardi an o f h e r child A pr u d en t th o u ght—a th ou ght ins pir e d by G o d H ath ris e n in my h e art Wh at w e m u s t do I s thi s —th e r e is n o r e m e dy my s o n A nd m y d e ar life are o ne —I m u s t ab and o n Thi s l and o f s o rc e r e r s d e p art u nm ark e d T o Hi ndu s ta n and b e ar h im t o Alb u r z Th e n lik e a ro e o r o ne wh o rid e th p o s t S h e t o o k t h e y o u ng child t o th at l o fty m o u nt ai n Wh e r e dw e lt a d e v o t e e d e ad t o t h e w o rld To wh o m s h e s aid : I am O h o ly o ne ! A w o e fu l w o m an fr o m Ira n Kno w th o u Th at thi s my n o bl e s o n will b e h e r e aft e r Th e l e ad e r o f h is p e o pl e will di s cr o w n Z ahh ak and tr e ad h is girdl e in t h e d u s t T ak e th o u thi s child and fath e r h im with c ar e Th e g o o d m an t o o k h e r child and ne v e r br e ath e d O ne c o ld br e ath o n h im Wh e n t h e r u m o u r r e ach e d Zah h ak ab o u t t h e c o w and fi e ld h e w e nt Lik e s o m e m ad e l e ph ant and s l e w Birmay a With all t h e o th e r c at tl e th at h e s aw Withi n t h e fi e ld and h arri e d all t h e l and H e w e nt ne xt t o t h e h o m e o f Faridim S e arc h e d it b u t all in v ai n fo r no ne w as fo u nd A nd b u rne d t h e l o fty p al ac e t o t h e gr o u nd A
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H o w F aridan ques tio ned his M o ther
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F aridun wh e n twic e e ight y e ars h ad p as s e d S o u ght o u t h is m o th e r o n t h e pl ain and s aid Di s cl o s e thy s e cr e t s ay wh o is my fath e r
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Wh at is my li ne age wh o m s h all I d e cl ar e My s e lf in pu blic ? Le t m e h av e t h e tr u th S h e s aid : I will t e ll all m y no bl e b o y \Vit hin Ira n e r e whil e liv e d o ne Abt in O f r o y al r ac e di s c e rni ng m i nd wi s e br av e A nd i no ffe ns iv e s pr u ng fr o m Tah m uras ; Abtin k ne w all t h e p e digr e e Thy s ir e A nd m y d e ar s p o u s e w as h e my d ays w e r e d ark Wh e n w e w e r e p art e d N o w Z ah h ak t h e w arl o ck S tr e tch e d fr o m Ira n h is h and ag ai ns t thy life Bu t I c o nc e al e d th e e O h wh at w o e fu l d ay s I p as s e d whil e th at br av e y o u th —thy fath e r — fo rfe it e d H is o w n S w e e t life fo r th e e ! N o w o n Z ah hak Th e w arl o ck s s h o u ld e r s gr e w t w o s nak e s which s u ck e d Th e life br e ath o f I ra n and thy S ir e s br ai ns We r e t ak e n fr o m his h e ad t o fe e d th e m I I n c o u r s e o f ti m e c am e o n an o p e n p as t u r e A s y e t u nkno w n t o fam e and th e r e b e h e ld A c o w lik e j c ou nd s pri ng w e ll s h ap e d and c o l o u r e d Fro m h e ad t o fo o t : b e fo r e h e r s at h e r h e rd Up o n his h e e l s as o ne b e fo r e a ki ng I pu t th e e in his ch arg e Fo r l o ng h e nu r s e d th e e Up o n his br e as t t he c o w o f p e ac o ck h u e s S u pplying th ee with m ilk th at m ad e th e e thri v e Lik e s o m e b o ld cr o c o dil e u ntil t h e ti di ngs O f c o w and m e ad o w r e ach e d t h e S hah and th e n I b ar e th e e fr o m t h e p as t u r e in all h as t e A n d fl e d Ira n and h o m e and fam ily H e c am e and s l e w t h e no bl e t e nd e r nu r s e Th at c ou ld no t s p e ak t o th e e th e n s e nt t h e d u s t Up fr o m o u r h o m e and t u r ne d it t o di t ch Th e pri nc e e nr ag e d th e r e at m u s e d o n r e v e ng e A nd s aid with achi ng h e art and k nitt e d br o w s : Th e li o n gr o w e th br av e by v e nt u ri ng ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
A nd
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rc e r e r h ath d o ne h is p art Mi ne is t o t ak e m y s ci m it ar and lay H is p al ac e in t h e d u s t ; s u ch is G o d s w fl l S h e s aid : Thi s is no t w e ll ; th o u c ans t no t s t an d Al o ne again s t t h e w o rld H e b at h t h e cr o wn A n d thr o ne and tr o o p s at his c o m m and w h o c o m e Fr o m all t h e r e al m t o b at tl e wh e n h e will e th A h u ndr e d th o u s an d s tr o ng Vi e w no t t h e w o rld Wi t h b oyi s h e y e s ; t h e l aws o f bl o o d r e ve ng e D e m an d it no t Dru nk with t h e wi ne o f y ou th M e n thi nk th e m s e lv e s t h e o nly o ne s o n e arth A nd v ap ou r b u t b e thy d ay s m irth and j o y Do th o u m y s o n ! b e ar thi s advic e in m i nd Gi v e all w o rd s s av e thy m o th e r s t o t h e wi nd s
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F ar idun u p o n his lip s B o th day and night his l o fty s t at u r e b e nt B e ne ath t h e t e rr o r s o f h is h e art u nt il O ne day wh e n S itti ng o n t h e iv o ry thr o ne A nd w e ari ng o n h is h e ad t h e t u rqu o i s e cr o w n H e c all e d t h e no t abl e s fr o m e v e ry pr o vi nc e To fi rm t h e b as e s o f h is s o v e re ig n ty Go o d wi s e ill u s tri o u s m e n ! A n d s aid t o th e m : I h av e as s ag e s w o t an e ne m y C o nc eal e d and I thr o u gh fe ar o f ill t o c o m e D e s pi s e no t s u ch th o u gh w e ak I th e r e fo r e ne e d A l arge r h o s t— me n d iv s and fairi e s t o o A nd as k y o u r aid for r u m o u r s tr o u bl e m e ; S o sig n m e n o w a s cr o ll t o t hi s e ffe ct O u r m o n arc h s o w e th nau ght b u t s e e d s o f g o o d H e e v e r s p e ak eth tr u th and wr o ng e th no ne
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1
56
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TH E S H A H N A M A
O F PI R DA 0 5 1
S inc e
th o u d os t r u l e t h e s e v e n pr o vinc e s Why s h o u ld t h e t o il and h ar ds hip all b e ou r s We h av e acc o u nt s t o s e ttl e — th o u and I A nd all will b e agh as t if th e y s h all S h o w Th at thi s my s o n h ath p e ri s h e d in his tu rn With all t h e r e s t t o fe e d th o s e s nak e s o f thine Th e m o narch lis t e ne d and w as s o r e am az e d Th e y s e t t h e y o u ng m an fre e and s tr o v e t o w in Th e fath e r by fair w o rd s b u t wh e n Z ahh ak B ad e h im s u b s crib e t h e s cr o ll h e r e ad it thr ou gh A nd s h ou t e d t o t h e anci e n t s o f t h e r e al m C onfe d e r at e s o f t h e Div with i m pi o u s h e art s ! Y e s e t y o u r fac e s h e llw ard and h av e yi e ld e d I w ill no t s u b s crib e To th at m an s biddi ng O r e v e r giv e t h e S hah ano th e r th ou ght H e s h o u t e d r o s e in fu ry r e n t t h e s cr o ll A nd tr am pl e d it ; th e n with his no bl e s on I n fr o n t o f h im w e n t r avi ng t o t h e s tr e e t Bu t all t h e c o u rti e r s bl e s s e d t h e S hah and s aid I ll u s tri o u s ki ng o f e arth ! m ay no c o ld bl as t Fr o m h e av e n p as s o e r th e e o n t h e day o f b attl e Wh y w as thi s ins o l e n t Kaw a c o u nte nanc e d A S th o u gh a fri e nd o f thi ne ? H e t o r e t h e s cr o ll R e fu s ing t o o b e y th e e and is g o ne B e nt o n r e v e ng e and l e agu e d as th o u w o u ld s t s ay With Faridlin ! A v il e r d e e d th an this We ne v e r s aw and m arve l s u ch S ho u ld be I will t e ll y o u w o nd e r s H e ans w e r e d q u ickly : Wh e n Kaw a e nt e r e d and I h e ard h is cri e s A m o u n t o f ir o n s e e m e d t o ri s e b e twixt u s A nd wh e n h e b e at h is h e ad a s tr ange s e ns ati o n C o nvu l s e d m e H o w t will e nd I c anno t t e ll ; Th e s e cr e t s o f t h e s k y are kno wn t o no ne Wh e n Kaw a l e ft t h e pr e s e nc e o f t h e S hah A cr o wd as s e mbl ed in t h e m ark e t pl ac e .
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A nd s till h e
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1
57
h o u t e d cryi ng ou t fo r aid A nd u rgi ng all t o s t and u p o n th e ir right s H e t o o k a l e ath e r n apr o n s u ch as s m ith s W e ar t o pr o t e ct th e ir l e g s whil e at t h e fo rg e S tu ck it u p o n a s p e ar s p o i n t and fo rthwith Thr ou gh o u t t h e m ark e t d u s t b e g an t o ri s e H e p as s e d al o ng with s p e ar in h and e xcl ai m i ng Y e m e n o f n am e ! Ye w o r s hipp e r s o f G o d Wh o e e r w o u ld s c ap e t h e fe tt e r s o f Z ahh ak Le t h im r e s o rt with me t o Faridi i n A nd s h ad o w in h is Gr ac e C o m e y e t o h im Th e r u l e r h e r e is A hri m an—G o d s fo e S o th at p o o r l e at h e r w o rthl e s s as it w as Di s crim i nat e d fri e nd s and e ne m i e s H e t o o k t h e l e ad and m any v ali an t m e n R e s o rt e d t o him ; h e r e b e ll e d and w e nt To F ar idu n Wh e n h e arri ve d s h ou t s r o s e H e e nt e r e d t h e ne w pri nc e s c o u rt w h o m ark e d Th e apr o n o n t h e s p e ar and h ail e d t h e o m e n H e d e ck e d t h e apr o n with br o c ad e o f R um O fj e w e ll e d p att e r ns o n a g o ld e n gr o u n d Pl ac e d o n t h e s p e arp o i nt a fu ll m o o n — a toke n — o o P o rt e nding gl ri u s ly and h avi ng dr ap e d it With ye ll o w re d and vi o l e t h e nam e d it Th e nc e fo rth wh e n any S hah Th e Kaw ian fl ag Acc ed ed t d th e thr o ne and d o nne d t h e cr o w n H e h u ng t h e w o rthl e s s apr o n o f t h e s m ith With s till m o r e j e w e l s s u m pt u o u s br o c ad e I t th u s fe ll o u t A nd p ai nt e d s ilk o f Ch in Th at Kaw a s s t and ard gr e w t o b e a s u n Am id t h e gl o o m o f night and ch e e r e d all h e art s : Ti m e p as s e d and s till t h e w o rld mai nt ai ne d it s s e cre t Wh e n F aridun s aw m att e r s th u s and all m e n S u b m i s s t o vil e Z ah h ak h e c am e t o F aranak With gird e d l o ins cr o wne d with a r o y al c as qu e s
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TH E S H A H N A M A
A nd
OF
PI R DA U S I
id : I go t o b attl e b u t do th o u D e v o t e thy s e lf t o pr ay e r The M ak e r r u l e th I n w e al and w oe alik e cl as p h an d s t o H im With t e ar s and bl e e ding h e art s h e cri e d : O G o d ! My tr u s t h ath b e e nin Th e e T u rn fr o m my s o n Th e o ns l au ght s o f t h e wick e d o n h is life A nd rid t h e w o rld o f th e s e i nfatu at e s Th e n Faridim gat r e ady with d e s p atch H e h ad t w o br o th e r s b o th A nd s e cr e cy O f no bl e birth and o ld e r th an hi m s e lf Hight Kaianii s h and pr o s p e r o u s Pu rm ay a H e s aid t o th e m : Live g all ant h e art s ! in j o y R e v o lvi ng h e av e n bring e th nau ght b u t g o o d ; Th e cr o w n o f p o w e r is c o m ing b ack t o u s Pr o vid e me c u nni ng s m ith s and le t th e m m ak e m e A m as s ive mac e Th e y s o u ght t h e s m ith s ba z ar I n h as t e wh e nc e all t h e as piri ng cr aft s m e n w e n t To F ar idu n wh o t aki ng c o m p as s e s S h o w e d t o t h e s m ith s t h e p att e rn tr aci ng it Up o n t h e gr o u nd I t h ad a b u ffal o s h e ad Th e y t o o k t h e w o rk in h and and h avi ng wro u ght A m as s iv e m ac e th e y b o r e it t o t h e h e r o I t s h o ne as brightly as t h e n o o nd ay s u n A nd F ar idu n appr o ving o f t h e w o rk B e s t o w e d u p o n t h e m ak e r s r ai m e nt g o ld A nd s ilv e r h o lding o u t t o th e m b e s id e Bright h o p e s and pr o mi s e o f advanc e m e nt s aying If I S h all lay t h e Dr ag o n in t h e du s t I will no t l e av e t h e d u s t u p on y o u r h e ad s Bu t j u s tify t h e e ntir e w o rld s inc e I H av e H im in m in d wh o j u dg e th right e ou s ly “
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TH E S H A H N A M A
H is
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O F PI RDA U S I
bro th e r s s e e i ng th at G o d s p e d h is c au s e A nd th at h is fo rtu ne s l u m b e r e d n o t de p art e d With o u t d e l ay t o c o mp as s h is d e s tr u cti o n Th e r e w as ab o v e th e ir h e ad s a l o fty cliff A nd u nd e r ne ath t h e S hah s l e pt p e ac e fu lly H is t w o ab an d o ne d br o th e r s s e ale d t h e h e igh t Th at night u ns e e n and s cr u pli ng at no crim e S e t l o o s e a m ighty cr ag u p o n t h e br o w To fall dir e ctly o n th e ir br o th e r s h e ad A nd kill him in h is s l e e p Th e cr as hi ng cr ag Fo r G o d s o o rd e r e d r o u s e d t h e s l u m b e re r Wh o by his m agic art arr e s t e d it I n m id c ar e e r : it s t o pp e d d e ad F aridi m W e nt o n h is w ay b u t k e pt t h e m att e r s e cr e t I n fr o n t m arch e d Kaw a with t h e Kaw ian s t and ard S o o n t o b e c o m e t h e e ns ig n o f t h e r e al m Thu s Faridim adv anc e d as o ne wh o s o u ght A di ad e m t o w ard t h e A rwand o r c all it A s Ar abs do t h e Dij la if th o u k no w e s t no t Th e an ci e n t t o ngu e H e m arch e d ano t h e r s t ag e A nd c am e u p o n t h e Dij la at B aghdad O n dr awi ng ne ar h e s e nt t o gr e e t t h e g u ard A nd s aid : D e s p atch t o thi s S id e ins t antly Yo u r b o at s and v e s s e l s b e ar m e acro s s with all Mi ne ar m y and le t no ne b e l e ft b e hind Th e riv e r gu ard s e n t no t h is b o at s no r c am e At Faridlm s b e h e s t b u t m ad e r e ply Th e S hah g av e privy o rd e r s : L au nch no b o at With o u t a p as s p o rt u nd e r m ine o w n s e al Th e pri nc e e nr ag e d and fe arl e s s o f t h e s tr e am Girt lik e a king and b e nt u p o n r e ve ng e Pl u ng e d with h is r o s e re d ch arg e r in t h e fl o o d With o ne acc o rd his c om r ad e s gir t th e m s e lv e s T u rne d t o w ard t h e s tr e am and o n th e ir br av e fl e e t s t e e ds ,
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Z A HH A K
Pl u ng e d o v e r s addl e b ack Th e w arri o r s h e ad s R e e l e d whil e th e ir s wift s t e e ds s tr u ggl e d with t h e tid e A nd with th e ir ne ck s e m e rgi ng s e e m e d t o b e Th e w arri o rs Th e ph an t o m c o h o rt o f a dr e am R e ach e d t h e dry l and u n dam p e d in th e ir r e ve ng e A nd s e t th e ir fac e s t o w ard B ait ai M u k addas Thi s m e n c all e d wh e n th e y u s e d t h e anci e nt t o ngu e G ang i Diz h u k h t ; t o day t is k no w n am o ng Th e Ar ab s as The H o ly Pl ac e Th e fair T all p al ac e o f Zahhak w as b u ild e d th e r e Wh e n th e y appr o ach e d t h e city th at th e y s o u ght A nd Faridim b e h e ld it a m il e o ff H e s aw a pil e wh o s e b u ildi ng t o w e r e d o e r S at u rn Twill c atch t h e s t ar s S o th at th o u w o u ld s t h ave s aid : I t s h o ne lik e J u pit e r in h e ave n ; t h e pl ac e App e ar e d all p e ac e and l o v e and h appine s s Th e h e r o r e c o gni s e d th at s e at o f p o w e r A nd S pri nglik e b e au t y as t h e Dr ago n s dw e lli ng A nd s aid : Th e m an wh o r e ar e d a pil e lik e th at Fr o m du s t I fe ar m e c o t t o ne t h with t h e w o rld Bu t s till t is b e tt e r t o pr e s s o n th an t arry Thi s s aid h e gr as p e d his m as s iv e m ac e and g av e H is fl e e t s t e e d r e i n and th ou h ads t s aid : A fl am e S h o t u p b e fo r e t h e gu ard s H e e nt e r e d ridi ng A n i ne xp e ri e n c e d b u t v ali ant y o u th Wh o c all e d u p o n t h e nam e o f G o d—whil e th e y Th at w e r e o n gu ard fl e d fr o m him in dis m ay ’
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Th e n F ar idun o e rt h re w t h e t ali s m an R ai s e d h e ave n high by Z ahh ak b e c au s e h e Th at it w as not o f G o d with mas s ive mace ’
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TH E S H A H N A M A
OF
PI R DA
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L aid lo w t h e s o rc e r e r s within t h e p al ac e All fi e rc e and no t abl e d ivs —and s e t hi ms e lf U p o n t h e e nch ant e r s thr o ne Thi s d o ne h e t o o k P o s s e s s i o n o f t h e r o y al cr o wn and p al ac e Bu t th ou gh h e s e arch e d h e fail e d t o fi nd Z ah h ak Th e n fr o m t h e w o m e n s b o w e r h e br o u ght t w o I d o l s h e h ad th e m b ath e d b e p u rg e d S u n fac e d d ark — ey e d iTh e d ark ne s s o f th e ir m i nd s by t e aching th e m iTh e w ay o f G o d and m ad e th e m wh o lly cl e an ; Fo r id o l w o r s hipp e r s h ad br o u ght th e m u p A nd th e y w e r e d az e d in m i n d lik e dr u nk e n fo lk Th e n whil e t h e t e ar s fr o m the ir bright e y e s b e d e w e d Th e ir r o s y ch e e k s th o s e s i s t e r s o f J am s h id M ay s t th o u b e y o u ng S aid th u s t o F ari dun : Till e arth is o ld ! Wh at s t ar w as this o f thine Wh at tr e e b o r e th e e as fru it O fav o u r e d o ne Wh o v e nt u re s t ins id e t h e L i o n s l air S o h ardily th ou m ighty m an o f v al o u r ? Wh at angu i s h and wh at b al e h av e w e e nd u r e d All thr ou gh this dr ag o n s h o u ld e r e d A hri m an O h ! wh at a m i s e r abl e w o rld fo r u s Did thi s i nfatu at e d s o rc e r e r m ak e Y e t s aw w e ne v e r h e r e a m an s o h ardy B old and am biti o u s as t o thi nk th at h e C o u ld t ak e t h e thr o ne H e ans w e r e d : Thr o ne and fo rt u ne Abid e with none My s ir e w as fo rt u ne s favou rit e Bu t s till Z ah h ak s e i z e d o n him in Ira n A nd s l e w h im cr u e lly s o I h av e s e t My fac e ag ai ns t Z ah h ak s thr o ne in r e ve ng e H e s l e w t h e c o w Birm ay a t o o — m y nu r s e A v e ry ge m o f b e au ty Wh at c ou ld b e Th at vill ain g ai n by s l au ght e ri ng th at d u m b b e as t ? N o w I am r e ady and I p u rp o s e w ar ; I c am e no t fr o m iran t o bring h im p ard o n ’
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1
TH E S H A H N A M A
64
OF
PI R DA U S f
Fr o m cli m e t o cli me h e ro v e t h fo r t h e s nak e s Giv e h im no r e s t Tis ti m e fo r h is r e tu r n Bu t pl ac e th e r e is no t S tricke n t o t h e h e art Th at l o v e ly p air r e v e al e d t h e m ys t e ry Th e e x alt e d chi e ft ai n li s t e ne d e ag e r ly ,
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whil e ab s e nt l e ft in ch arg e o f all A m an o f w e alth wh o s e rv e d h im lik e a S l av e S o th at h is m as t e r m arv e ll e d at h is z e al 1 n n a m O e e d Ku ndrav b e c au s e h e u s e d t o li m p B e fo r e t h e u nj u s t ki ng H e c am e in h as t e A n d s aw withi n t h e h all a s tr ang e r cr o wne d R e p os i ng o n t h e thr o ne in p e r s o n lik e A cypr e s s o v e r which t h e fu ll m o o n s hi ne th O n o ne S id e S h ah rinaz t h e cypr e s s s li m Up o n t h e o th e r m o o n fac e d A rnaw az Th e city s w ar m e d with s o ldi e r s and a g u ard S t o o d r e ady ar m e d b e fo r e t h e p al ac e g at e All u ndi s may e d no t as ki ng wh at it m e ant Ku n drav appr o ach e d with l o wly r e v e r e n c e Th e n o ffe r e d h o m ag e s ayi ng : Liv e O ki ng ! Whil e ti m e S h all l as t Bl e s t b e thy s itting h e r e I n Gr ac e fo r th o u de s e rv e s t s o v e r e ignty Th e s e v e n cli me s b e thi ne and b e thy h e ad Ab o v e t h e r ai n cl o u d s B e i ng bid appr o ach H e t o ld t h e S hah t h e s e cr e t s o f h is o ffic e A nd w as c o m m and e d : S e rv e a r o y al fe as t Le t wi ne b e br ou ght c all m i ns tr e ls fit t o h e ar ,
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ch e e r m e at t h e b anqu e t fill t h e g o bl e t S pr e ad o u t t h e b o ard and s u mm o n w o rthy g u e s t s Ku ndrav o b e y e d and br o u ght bright wi ne and m ins tr e l s A nd no bl e gu e s t s wh o s e birth e ntitl e d th e m S o Faridii n q u affe d w i ne and ch o s e t h e l ays A nd h e ld th at night a w o rthy fe s tiv al Ku ndrav at d aw n l e ft t h e ne w princ e in h as t e A nd o n a s wift s t e e d s o u ght Z ahh ak Arriv e d H e t o ld t h e thi ng s th at h e h ad s e e n and h e ard O ki ng o f chi e fs ! t h e t o k e n o f thy fall H ath c o m e thr e e m e n o f no bl e m i e n arriv e d With tr o o p s ; t h e y o u ng e s t o f t h e thr e e in h e ig ht A cypr e s s and a ki ng in fac e is pl ac e d B e tw e e n t h e o th e r t w o and h ath pr e c e d e nc e H is m ac e is lik e a m o u nt ai n cr ag and s hi ne th A m id t h e h o s t H e e nt e r e d thi ne ab o d e O n h o r s e b ack an d t h e o th e r s r o d e with hi m A no bl e p air H e w e nt and s at u p o n Th e r o y al thr o ne and br o k e thy ch ar m s and s p e ll s A s fo r t h e d iv s and w arri o r s in thy p al ac e H e s tr u ck th e ir h e ad s o ff as h e r o d e al o ng A nd m i ngl e d br ai ns and bl o o d Z ah hak r e pli e d Tis w e ll g u e s t s s h o u ld e nj o y th e m s e lv e s To
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TH E S H A H N AM A
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g u e s t o f thi n e y Wh at b u s i ne s s h ath h e in thy w o me n s b o w e r H e s itt e t h with t h e s i s t e r s o f J am s h id Th e w o rldlo rd t aki ng c o u ns e l whil e thi s h and I s t oyi ng with t h e ch e e k o f S h ah rinaz A nd th at with A rnaw az c arne li an lip At night h e d o th s till w o r s e and pillo w e t h H is h e ad o n m u s k ! Wh at m u s k ? Th e l o ck s o f M o o ns Wh o e ve r w e re t h e id o l s o f thy h e art Z ah hak w o lf s av ag e wi s h e d th at h e w e r e d e ad With fo u l ab u s e h e s t e r nly h o ar s e ly thr e at e ne d Th at l u ckl e s s o ne N 0 m o r e s h alt th o u h ave ch arg e O f any h o u s e o f m i ne Ku ndrav r e pli e d H e nc e fo rth O ki ng ! I d e e m thy fo rtu ne s h e nt H o w s h o u ld s t th o u m ak e m e r u l e r in t h e city O r giv e m e e v e n m i ns tr e l s w o rk wh e n th o u H as t l o s t t h e thr o ne o f p o w e r ? For lik e a h air Fr o m d o u gh h as t th o u d e p art e d fr o m t h e thr o ne Thi nk S ir e ! wh at th o u wilt do Of s o v e r e ig n ty H av e thi ne o w n i nt e r e s t s no c onc e r n fo r th e e Th e y ne e r b e fo r e we r e in s u ch j e o p ardy I f thi s gr e at m an b e
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H o w F a ridiin bou nd Z ahhak
R o u s e d by th at t alk Zah h ak r e s o lv e d
k e e n e y e d r o ad s t e r s t o b e s addl e d N o w as h e n e ar e d t h e city by a byw ay With v ali ant div s and w arri o r s and s aw H is p al ac e r o o fs and g at e h e v o w e d r e v e ng e Th e tr 0 0 p s o f F ar idun r e c e iv e d t h e tidi ng s L e api ng fr o m th e ir s t e e d s A nd fl o ck e d t o m e e t him Th e y s tr u ggl e d h and t o h and Th e citi z e ns A nd
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A nd
PIRDA U S I
th e r e r e c e iv e d h e r g u e s t s S h e t h e n u nl o ck e d Th e p o rt al o f h e r s e cr e t h o ard s br ou ght fo rth Th e v ari ou s tr e as u r e s th at S h e h ad am as s e d A nd p u rp o s e d t o di s trib u t e all h e r s t o r e I t s e e m e d t h e ti m e t o o pe t h e tr e as u ry Fo r dr ach m s w e r e t rifle s s i nc e h e r s o n w as S hah S h e m ad e n o s ti nt o f r o b e s and r o y al j e w e l s Ar abi an s t e e d s with h e ads t all s wr o u ght o f g o ld H ab e rg e o ns h e l m e t s d o u bl e h e ad e d d art s S w o rd s cr o w ns and b e lt s I nt e n t u p o n h e r s o n S h e pl ac e d h e r w e alth o n c am e l s and d e s p atch e d it With pr ai s e s o n h e r t o ngu e Th e king o f e arth B e h e ld acc e pt e d it and bl e s s e d his m o th e r Th e l e ad e r s o f t h e ar m y wh e n appri s e d S p e d t o t h e m o narch o f t h e w o rld and cr i e d Vict o ri o u s S hah and w o r s hipp e r o f G o d To wh o m b e pr ai s e ! m ay H e giv e pr ais e t o th e e Thu s m ay thy fo rt u ne gr o w fr o m day t o day Th u s m ay t h e fo rt u ne s o f thy fo e s b e s h e nt M ay h e av e n m ak e th e e s till vict o ri o u s A nd m ay s t th o u s till b e gr aci ou s and au g u s t Th e wi s e c am e t o t h e S hah fr o m th e ir r e tr e at s A nd p o u r e d b e fo r e h is thr o ne g o ld m ix e d with ge m s ; Th e no bl e s t o o fr o m all his pr o vi nc e s At th at h o cktid e as s e m bl e d at h is g at e Wh e r e all i nv o k e d G o d s bl e s s i ng o n t h e cr o w n Th e thr o ne t h e di ad e m and S igne t ri ng With h and s u p s tr e tch e d th e y pr ay e d right h e artily M ay s u ch j o y l as t t h e S hah b e ar fru it fo r e v e r A s ti m e w e nt o n h e j o u r ne y e d r o u nd t h e w o rld E x am ini ng it s s ight s and m y s t e ri e s M ark e d e ach i nj u s tic e and all w as t e d l and s B ou nd e vil h ands w it h b o nd s o f k indline s s A p o licy th at w e ll b e s e e me th kings .
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B e d e ck e d t h e w o rld lik e Paradi s e and r ai s e d I ns t e ad o f gr as s t h e cypr e s s and t h e r os e t r e e 1 H e r e ach e d Tamm is h a p as s i ng by A mu l A n d b u il t a s e at th e r e in t h e famo u s ch ac e Kus is t h e m o d e rn t itl e o f t h e pl ac e
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fifty ye ar s h ad p as s e d and by g o o d fo rt u ne H e h ad thr e e no bl e s o ns fi t fo r t h e cr o w n O f r o y al birth as t all as cypr e s s e s With ch e e k s lik e s pri ng in all p o i nt s lik e th e ir fath e r Tw o w e r e t h e s t ai nle s s s o ns o f S h ah rinaz Th e y o u ng e s t fair ch e e k e d A rnaw az h ad b o rn e ; A nd th o u gh th e y c o u ld o u tp ac e an e l e ph an t Th e ir fath e r in h is l o v e h ad nam e d th e m no t I n ti m e t h e S hah p e rc e iv e d th e m fit t o r u l e A nd c all e d J and al a n o bl e c o u ns e ll o r I n e v e rything d e v o t e d t o h is l o rd A n d s aid : G o r ou nd t h e w o rld s e l e ct thr e e m aid e ns O f no bl e li ne ag e w o rthy o f m y s o ns I n b e au ty fi t t o b e afli ne d t o m e A nd nam e d no t by th e ir s ir e fo r fe ar o f t alk Thr e e S i s te r s in fu ll bl o o d wi t h fairy fac e s Uns t ain e d o f r oy al r ac e s o mu ch alike I n h e ight an d l o o k s th at fo lk c an s c arc e dis c e r n B e twixt th e m H aving h e ard h e u nd e rt o o k Th e fair e m pri s e for h e w as s hr e wd and u pright O f pl au s ibl e addr e s s and fu ll o f t act H e l e ft Ira n with c e rt ai n o f h is fri e nd s To m ak e in quir i e s and r e c e iv e r e p o rt s ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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Th e n wh e n h e h e ard o f any chi e f with d au ght e r s H e s o u ght t o l e ar n ab o u t th e m privily Y e t c o u ld no t fi nd am o ng t h e w e althy th ane s O ne fit t o b e affi n e d t o F ar idu n Thi s s hr e w d and h o ly m an at l e ngth r e ach e d S arv Th e m o narch o f Y am an— with wh o m h e fo u n d Th e o bj e ct o f h is s e arch — th re e m aid e ns s u ch A s F aridu n r e qu ir e d With s t at e ly s t e p A s tw e r e a ph e as ant p aci ng t o w ard a r o s e H e c am e t o S arv and h av i ng ki s s e d t h e gr ou nd E xpl ai ne d h is c o m i ng pr ai s e d t h e ki ng and s aid Fo r e v e r liv e e x alt e d s o v e r e ig n Th o u c e as e l e s s lu s t re o f t h e cr ow n and thr o ne Th e ki ng s aid : Be thy pr ai s e in e v e ry m o u th Wh at is thy m e s s ag e ? Wh at are thy c o m m and s ? Art th ou am b as s ad o r o r pri ncip al ? J and al r e pli e d : M ay e v e ry j o y b e thi ne A nd e v e r far fr o m th e e t h e h and o f ill I c o m e as s o m e p o o r h e ath e n t o c o nv e y A m e s s ag e fr o m Ira n Gr e at Faridim Th o u as k s t my b u s i ne s s S al u t e th th e e by m e I ans w e r : Mighty Faridii n applau de t h th e e A nd gr e at are th e y wh o m h e d e s pi s e th no t H e s aid : S ay t o t h e m o narch o f Y am an S o l o ng as m u s k h ath s c e nt p e rfu m e t h e thr o ne Be thy gri e fs s c att e r e d and thy w e alth am as s e d A nd e v e r ki ng o f Ar ab s m ays t th o u b e S afe g u ard e d by t h e s t ar s fr o m all m i s h ap Wh at thi ng is th e r e m o r e s w e e t th an life and childr e n ? Ye a th ey are s w e e t e r th an all e l s e b e s id e Fo r no ne is d e ar e r th an a child th at b o nd I f any m an I s as no o th e r b o nd H ath thr e e e y e s I p o s s e s s th e m in my s o ns But kno w th at th e y are b e tt e r s till th an e y e s Wh at s aid For th o s e th at l o o k o n th e m giv e th ank s ,
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TH E S H A HN A M A
80
OF
PI RDA 11 5 1
A nd Faridim
h ath s e n t an e mb as s ag e To s pre ad a g o o dly s nar e b e fo r e my fe e t ; H e w o u ld d e priv e m e o f th e s e Ey e s o f m i ne A nd I w ou ld fai n c o ns u lt th e r e o n with y o u Th e am b as s ad o r s aith th u s : Thu s s aith t h e S hah I h av e thr e e pri n c e s w h o ad o r n m y thr o ne A nd s e e k fo r fav o u r and affi nity With th e e by m arri ag e wi t h thy virt u o u s d au ght e r s I f I S h all ans w e r Y e s and m e an it no t Twill b e a lie ; t o lie is no t for ki ngs ; If I s h all acqu ie s c e in h is r e q u e s t My h e art will b e o n fi re m y fac e all t e ar s ; A nd if I s h all r e fu s e m y h e art will fe e l H is v e nge anc e — no t a m att e r fo r a j e s t Fr o m o ne wh o is t h e m o narch o f t h e w o rld ; A nd tr av e ll e r s t o o h av e h e ard o f wh at Z ahh ak H ath s u ffe r e d fr o m him N o w advi s e m e w e ll Th e v e t e r an v ali an t chi e fs th u s m ad e r e ply We di s appr o v e o f v e e ring t o e ach gu s t Be F ar idu n h o w e v e r gr e at a ki ng N o e arri nge d S l av e s are w e b u t s ay ou r s ay A nd t ak e t h e c o ns e q u e nc e Tis o u r s t o h andl e Th e bridl e and t h e l anc e w e m ak e t h e e arth A wi ne fat with o u r s w o rd s w e m ak e t h e air A r e e d b e d with o u r s p e ar s I f thy thr e e childr e n A re h e ld s o d e ar u nl o ck thy tr e as u ry A nd s h u t thy lip s ; o r if th o u wilt u s e cr aft Bu t fe ar e s t F aridu n m ak e s u ch d e m and s Th at none s h all e v e r h e ar t h e like ag ain Th e ki ng h e ard whil e t h e C hi e ft ai ns s aid th e ir s ay Bu t fe lt no l e s s u nc e rt ai n o f his w ay ’
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F A R I D ( IN
§ H o w the King
3
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J andal
At l e ngth h e c all e d t h e S hah s am b as s ad o r A nd s p ak e t o h im at l arg e in gr aci o u s w o rd s I am t h e s e rvan t o f thy l o rd ; in all That h e c o mm ande th m e will I o b ey Th u s s ay t o h im : E x alt e d as th o u art S till thy thr e e s ons are pr e ci o u s u nt o th e e ; An d ki ngs e s t e e mt h e ir o w n s o ns v e ry pr e ci o u s Wh e n th e y are s u ch as o rnam e nt t h e thr o ne I gr an t wh at th o u h as t s aid I t o o h av e childr e n A nd j u dg e by th e m ; y e t if t h e m ighty S hah W e r e t o r e q u ir e m i ne e y e s o f m e o r as k Th e ki ngd o m o f Yam an and d e s e rt trib e s I t w e r e o f l e s s e r m o m e n t th an fo r m e To ne v e r l o o k u p o n my childr e n m o r e ; h wis h this I m ay no t w alk S till if t h e S ha S av e as h e bidd e t h m e and my thr e e childre n I f s o h e will s h all c e as e t o b e my kin ; Bu t wh e n s h all I b e h o ld th o s e pri n c e ly s o ns Wh o are t h e l u s tr e o f thy cr o w n and t hr o ne ? Le t th os e bli t h e y o u th s c o m e hith e r and ill u m e My gl o o my s o u l ; t o s e e t h e m will r e jo ic e My h e art and I will c o n te m pl at e th e ir s hre wd ne s s ; Th e n I will giv e t o t he m my thr e e bright Ey e s F urth e r mo re A cc o rdi ng t o o u r c u s t o m s Wh e n I p e rc e ive th at th e y are u prigh t m e n I will j o i n h and in h and in l e ag u e with t h e m A nd wh e ns o e e r t h e S hah w o u ld s e e h is s o ns Th e y s h all r e t u r n J and al t h e s we e t v o ic e d s p e ak e r O n h e aring ki s s e d t h e thr o ne with r e v e r e n c e ’
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TH E S H A H N A M A
O F PI RDA U S I
Th e n u tt e ri ng pr ais e s hi e d h im t o h is l o rd To wh o m h e t o ld wh at h e h ad s aid and h e ard Th e m o narch b ad e h is s o ns att e nd h e s p ak e Ab o u t t h e m i s s i o n o f J and al and s aid Th e m o narch o f Y am an is ki ng o f p e o pl e s S arv is a cypr e s s thr o wi ng l e ngthy s h ad o w s H e h ath thr e e d au ght e r s — p e arls as y e t u npi e rc e d Wh o are h is cr o wn for h e h ath no t a s o n B e fo r e all thr e e o f th e m S u rus h w o u l d ki s s Th e gr o u nd I w e e n if h e m ight h av e s u ch b rid e s Th e s e I d e m and e d o f th e ir s ir e fo r y o u A nd t o o k s u ch o rd e r as b e c o m e th u s Y o u r d u ty no w will b e t o go t o h im Bu t b e dis cr e e t in all t hi ngs s m all and gr e at Be c o m pl ai s an t b u t g uard e d th e r e with al H e e d wh at h e s aith and ans w e r c o u rt e o u s ly I f h e c o ns u lt e th y o u advi s e him w e ll N o w h e ark e n t o m y w o rd s and y e s h all pr o s p e r : A m o ng t h e p e o pl e s no ne c an e qu al S arv Fo r h e is fl u e n t ard e nt s hr e w d an d p u r e All o w h im no t t o fi nd y o u o ff y o u r g u ard Th e fir s t day Fo r wi s e m e n w o rk with s u btilty H e will as s ig n y o u chi e f s e at s at a fe as t Bri ng fo rth t hr e e s u n fac e d m aid s lik e g arth s in s pri ng A l l fu ll o f gr ac e o f c o l o u r and p e rf u m e A nd s e at th e m o n t h e thr o n e th e s e Cypr e s s e s I n h e ight and in app e ar an c e s o alik e Th at no ne c o u ld t e ll th e ir o rd e r as t o age N o w o f th e s e thr e e t h e y o u ng e s t will w alk fi rs t Th e e ld e s t l as t t h e o th e r in t h e m id s t g will pl ac e t h e y o u nge s t m aid b e s id e Th e kin Th e e ld e s t y o u t h b e s id e t h e y o u ng e s t pri n c e Th e e ld e s t m ai d a nd p air t h e m id in age K no w fo r t is w o rth y o u r whil e th at h e will as k H o w r ang e y e in r e s p e ct o f age th e s e d am s e l s ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
S arv
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k e d t h e e ld e s t prin c e : Which is t h e y ou ng e s t O f th e s e thr e e S t ar s which is t h e m id in age A nd w hi ch t h e e ld e s t ? Thu s di s ti ng u i s h th e m Th e y ans w e r e d as th e y h ad b e e n t au ght and s o S e w e d u p t h e e y e lid s o f h is cr aft whil e h e A nd all his w arri o r s w e r e l o s t in w o nd e r H e s aw th at his in v e r s i o n nau ght av ail e d Y e a and p air e d t h e p air s aright A nd ans w e r e d Th e i ntr o d u cti o n e nd e d in b e tr o th al Th e thr e e pri n c e s s e s bl u s hi ng fo r th e ir fath e r W e n t fr o m t h e pr e s e n c e o f t h e thr e e y o u ng princ e s I n S w e e t c o nfu s i o n bl u s h e s o n th e ir ch e e k A nd m any a w o rd o f t e nd e rne s s t o s p e ak “
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Th e n S arv as s e m bl e d b o o n c o m p ani o ns A nd p as s e d t h e day with m ins tr e l s wi ne and t alk Bu t h is thr e e s o ns — in law —t h e s o ns o f F aridun Dr ank no t e xc e pt t o h im Wh e n wi ne pr e vail e d A nd S l e e p and r e s t w e r e ne e d e d S ar v b ad e s e t S o m e c o u ch e s by a fo u nt ai n o f r o s e w at e r A nd th e r e t h e thr e e ill u s tri o u s ath e li ng s S l e pt in a g ard e n in a b o w e r o f r o s e s Which s c att e re d bl o s s o m s o e r th e m b u t m e anwhil e Th e s o rc e r e r king h ad th o u ght o f a d e vic e : H e l e ft t h e ro y al pl e as anc e and pr e p ar e d H is s p e ll s H e br o u ght a fr o s t and m ighty bl as t To s l ay t h e pri n c e s ; o v e r hill and pl ai n I t fr o z e s o s h arply th at t h e cr o w s gr e w nu m b Th e arch e nch an t e r Faridun s thr e e s o ns L e apt fr o m th e ir c ou ch e s at t h e gri e v o u s c o ld ; -
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F A RI D UN
by t he Gr ac e o f G o d and th e ir o w ns kill By kingly m agic and th e ir h ardih o o d O pp o s e d t h e s p e ll and k e pt t h e fr o s t aw ay N o w wh e n t h e s u n s h o ne o e r t h e m o u nt ai n t o p s S arv anxi o u s t o k no w all appr o ach e d in h as t e H is thr e e e x alt e d s o ns in law in h o p e To fi nd th e ir ch e e k s lik e l api s l az u li C o ng e al e d with fr o s t and th e ir e m pri s e d e fe at e d S o th at his d au ght e r s m ight r e m ai n t o h im A s h is m e m o ri al ; s u ch w as h is h o p e Bu t s u n and m o o n w e r e adv e r s e t o his wi s h e s Fo r h e b e h e ld thr e e pri nc e s lik e ne w m o o ns Fr e s h s e at e d o n th e ir r oy al thr o ne s and k ne w Th at s p e lls h ad fail e d h im and h is ti m e w as l o s t H e g av e an au di e n c e ; all t h e chi e fs att e nd e d H e o p e ne d and br o u ght fo rth his an ci e nt tr e as u r e s Di s cl o s ing wh at h ad b e e n s e cr e t e d l o ng A nd br o u ght t o o and c o mm itt e d t o th e ir l o rd s Thr e e m aid s s u n ch e e k e d lik e g arth s o f P ar adi s e ( N o archi m ag e e re pl an t e d pi ne s lik e th e m ) With cr o w ns and tri nk e t s igno r ant o f p ai n Unl e s s it b e a p ai n t o pl ait t h e h air Th e y w e r e thr e e ne w M o ons and thr e e w arri o r A nd
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fau lt is m ine N o t Faridii n s and m ay I ne v e r h e ar O f fe m al e i s s u e fr o m thi s r o y al s t o ck ; H e h ath a l u cky s t ar w h o h ath n o t d au ght e r s Bu t h e wh o h at h th e m h ath no s t ar t o s hi ne Th e n t o t h e as s e m bl e d s age s : Ki ngs m ay w e ll We d M o o ns B e ar wit ne s s all ! t h at I h av e giv e n My thr e e Ey e s t o th e s e m e n in l awfu l m arri age To h o ld t h e m d e ar as th e ir o w n e ye s are d e ar A nd li m n th e m lik e th e ir o w n liv e s o n th e ir h e art s
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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Wh e n tidi ng s th at t he pri nc e s h ad r e t u r ne d R e ach e d F aridun h e w e nt t o m e e t th e m l ongi ng By t ri al o f th e ir ch ar act e rs t o e nd H is b o di ng fe ar s s o ch ange d h im t o a dr ag o n O ne th o u w o u ld s t s ay no li o n c o u ld e s c ap e Which hi s s e d and b e ll o w e d with it s j aw s aflam e A s s o o n as h e p e rc e iv e d h is thr e e s o ns ne ar Lik e s o m br e m o u nt ai ns in a cl o u d o f d u s t H e t o o thr e w d u s t ab ou t and m ade it fly Whil e e arth re e ch o e d with his b e ll o wi ng H e r u s h e d in fu ry t o w ard h is e l de s t s o n Th at pri nc e o f m any v ir t u e s w h o e xcl ai m e d N o m an o f s e ns e and wi s d o m think e th go o d ” To figh t w ith dr ag o n s Th e n h e s h o w e d his b ack A nd fl e d Th e fath e r t u r ne d t o w ard t h e ne xt H is s e c o nd s o n wh o wh e n h e s aw t h e dr ag o n S t r u ng u p h is b o w an d dr e w it s ayi ng th u s Wh e n fight is t o w ar d wh at m att e r if t h e fo e Be r o ari ng li o n o r br av e c av ali e r Bu t wh e n t h e y o u ng e s t s o n c am e u p h e l o o k e d Up o n t h e dr ag o n and cri e d o u t : Avau nt ! Th o u art a l e o p ard : w ar e t h e li o ns p ath ! ,
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H im name w e Tar—a
li on br av e no t e v e n A m ighty e l e ph ant c o u ld v an qu i s h him To d ar e is all t h e virt u e s in h is c as e Fo r no fai n t h e art is m as t e r o f a thr o n e Th e y o u nge s t is a m an o f s l e ight and fight O ne th at c an bi de his t i m e an d y e t b e pr o m pt H e ch o s e t h e m iddl e c o u r s e twixt d u s t and fl am e Th e pr u d e nt m an s Br ave yo u ng and s e ns ibl e H e m u s t al o ne b e pr ai s e d Be h e Ir aj A nd m ay his e nd b e all s u pr e m acy B e c au s e at firs t h e w as no t ch o l e ric B u t at t h e ti m e o f s tr e s s h is c o u r ag e gr e w I o p e n n o w m y lip s with j oy t o nam e Th e s e Ar ab d am e s with fairy c o u nt e nance s 1 a h e o f wife H e n me d t S al m Arz 11 t h e wife O f Tur Mah i A z ad a Kh ii ; t h e wife O f b l e s t Ir aj S ah i t o wh o m C ano p u s Was b u t a s l av e in b e au ty Aft e rw ards H e br ou ght a c at al o g u e e m br aci ng all Th e s t ar s withi n t h e circli ng s ph e r e o f h e av e n Wh o s e as p e ct s r e ad e r s o f t he s t ar s h ad t ak e n S pr e ad it b e fo r e h im and o b s e rv e d t h e fo rt u ne s S al m s h o r o s c o p e O f his ill u s tri o u s s o ns Was J u pit e r in S agitt ari u s N e xt c am e t h e h o r o s c o p e o f gl o ri o u s Tar Th e S u n as c e nd ant in t h e Li o n s H o u s e A pr e s ag e br av e b u t wh e n t h e S hah o b s e rv e d Th e h o r o s c o p e o f bl e s t Ir aj h e fo u nd Th e M o o n in C anc e r ; t h u s t h e s t ar s r e v e al e d A d e s tiny o f s trife and w o e Th e S h ah Was s o r e ly tr o u bl e d with a d e e p c o ld S igh P e rc e ive d th at h e av e n l o v e d no t h is bright s o u l e d s o n, A n d as h e m u s e d th e r e o n h e c o u ld n o t b e Bu t fill e d with th o u ght s o f gr av e an xi e ty A r am n D i r M ah i A ad Kh u M o n f nob l n t r ; and .
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M u ch ti m e r o ll e d o n whil e fat e r e s e rve d it s s e cr e t s Till wis e S hah F aridu n w as w o rn with age A nd s tr e w e d with d u s t t h e G ard e n o f h is S pr i ng ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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Thi s is t h e c o m mo n lo t o f all m anki nd M an s s tr e ngth is w e ak ne s s wh e n h e gr o w e th o ld Th e n gl o o m b e g an t o g at h e r in t h e s t ate Th e pri nc e s o f t h e r e al m w ax e d t u rb u l e nt I mm e r s e d in gr e e d S al m ch ang e d in h e art and m i nd H e s at in c o ncl av e fo r h e m u ch m i s lik e d H is s ir e s app o rti o nm e n t which g av e Ir aj Th e thr o ne o f go ld I n r anc o u r and with fr o w ns H e h u rri e d o ff a c am e l p o s t an e nv o y To giv e thi s m e s s ag e t o t h e k ing o f Ch in: Liv e e ve r gl ad and h appy ! K no w gre at ki ng O f T u rk m ans and o f Ch in ! th at o u r s hr e wd h e art s Did ill t o acqu i e s c e wh e n w e w e r e wr o ng e d : Th o u gh w e are cypr e s s t all o u r s ou l s are b as e M ark with dis c e rni ng h e art this t al e o f m ine ; N o ne s u ch h ath r e ache d th e e fr o m t h e d ay s o f ’
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w e r e w e w h o gr ac e d o u r fath e r s thr o ne A nd no w t h e y o u ng e s t h ath t h e chi e fe s t pl ac e 1 S i nc e I am fir s t in wi s d o m and in y e ar s S u ch fo rt u ne d o th b e fi t m y s ig ne t ri ng Whil e if cro w n thr o ne and di ad e m s h o u ld p as s Fr o m m e O ki ng ! s h o u ld th e y no t d e ck thy s e lf ? S h all b o th o f u s c o nti nu e th u s aggri e v e d By th at i nj u s tic e which o u r fath e r did I n givi ng t o Ir aj Ira n Y am an A nd Ar aby t h e W e s t and Rum t o m e To th e e t h e w as t e s o f T u rk e s ta n and Ch in ? Th e yo u ng e s t h ath Ira n I c anno t br o o k Thi s s e ttl e m e nt ; thy fath e r mu s t b e m ad Th e m e s s ag e fill e d T11 r s br ai nl e s s h e ad with wi nd A nd s av ag e as a li o n h e r e pli e d H e e d w e ll m y w o rd s and t e ll th e m t o thy l o rd I t w as wh e n w e w e r e y ou th s 0 m os t j u s t ki ng ! Th at w e w e r e ch e at e d by o ur fath e r thu s Thr e e
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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th o u gh no e xc e ll e nc e app e are d in o ne S o th at t h e o th e r s s h o u ld b o w d o wn t o h im Ye t o ne th o u b las t e ds t with a dr ag o n s br e ath Ano th e r s h e ad th o u rais e ds t t o t h e cl o u d s On o ne thi ne e y e s r e p o s e d with j o y and h e N o w b at h t h e cr o w n and is b e s id e thy c o u ch While w e w h o are as g o o d as h e by birth A re d e e m e d u nw o rthy o f t h e r o yal thr o ne O u pright j u dg e and m o narch o f t h e w o rld M ay j u s tic e s u ch as thi s b e ne v e r bl e s s e d ! I f th e n h is w o rthl e s s h e ad s h all b e di s cr o w ne d E arth r e s c u e d fr o m his s w ay and th o u wilt giv e him S o m e c o r ne r o f t h e w o rld wh e r e h e m ay s it L ike u s in ang u i s h and o blivi on—w e ll E l s e will w e brin g t h e T u rkm an c av ali e r s A nd e ag e r w arri o r s o f Rum and Ch in A n ar my o f t h e wi e ld e r s o f t h e m ac e I n v e ng e anc e o n Ira n and o n Ir aj Th e pri e s t at thi s h ar s h m e s s ag e ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd T he n t u rne d and m o u n t e d s wift as wi nd b o rn e fl am e Wh e n h e appr o ach e d t h e c o u rt o f F aridu n A nd m ark e d t h e cl o u d c apt b u ildi ng s fr o m afar Which s tr e tch e d fr o m r ang e t o r ange whil e at t h e gat e Chi e fs s at and th o s e o f high e s t r ank b e hi nd Th e c u rt ai n o n t h e o ne s id e p ard s and li o ns Ch ai ne d o n t h e o th e r fi e rc e w ar e l e ph ant s Whil e fr om th at no bl e b and o f w arri o r s Th e no i s e th at r o s e w as lik e a li o n s r o ar and no t a c o u rt I t mu s t b e h e av e n h e th o u ght Th e tr o o p s ar o u n d it are a fairy h o s t ! Th e w ary w atch m an w e n t and t o ld t h e S hah A m an o f no bl e m i e n and high e s t at e H ath c o m e as e nv o y t o t h e S hah H e b ad e His s e rv ant s r ai s e t h e c u rt ai n and bring in ,
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v oy wh e n dis m ou nt e d t o t h e c o u rt Wh o wh e n h e s aw t h e fac e o f F aridun S aw h o w t h e S hah e ngr o s s e d all e y e s and h e art s H is s t atu r e cypr e s s lik e his fac e a s u n H is h air lik e c am ph o r and h is r o s e re d ch e e k s H is s m ili ng lip s his m o d e s t c ou nt e nanc e A nd r o y al m ou th which u tt e r e d gr aci ou s w o rd s Did r e v e re nc e and w o r e t h e gr o u nd with ki s s e s Th e S hah c o m m an d e d him t o ri s e and s it Up o n t h e s e at o f h o no u r du e t o h im Th e n as k e d h im firs t ab ou t t h e no bl e p air and n e xt E nj o y th e y h e alth and h appi ne s s ? Ab ou t hi m s e lf : Art w e ary with l o ng tr av e l O e r hill and pl ai n ? H e ans w e r e d : N o bl e S h ah ! M ay no ne b e h o ld t h e w o rld with o u t th e e ! Th os e Of wh o m th o u s p e ak e s t are as th o u w o u ld s t wi s h A nd liv e b u t by thy nam e Thy s lav e am I Alb eit all u nw o rthy and i m p u r e Th e m e s s ag e th at I bri ng t o th e e is h ars h A nd s e nt in ang e r by no fau lt o f m i ne Bu t if my l o rd c o mm and e th I will t e ll Th e m e s s ag e s e n t by t w o i m pr u d e nt y o u th s Th e S hah c o m m and e d h im t o s p e ak and h e ard Th e e m b as s ag e d e liv e r e d w o rd by w o rd Th e
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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T e ll m ine u nh o ly and ab and o ne d s o ns s p air o f A hr im an s wi t h dr e g s o f br ain “ Thi " Tis w e ll th at y e r e v e al y o u r natu r e s thu s A nd s e nd a gr e e ti ng w o rthy o f y o u r s e l v e s ; Fo r if y o u r br ai ns are e m pty o f m y t e aching A nd y e h av e n o id e a wh at wi s d o m is N o t fe ari ng G o d y e c o u ld no t w e ll do o th e r My h air w as o nc e as bl ack as pitch my s t atu re Was cypr e s s t all my fac e w as lik e t h e m o o n Th e s k y which h ath b en t d o w n thi s b ack o f m i ne I s y e t u n fall e n and re v o lv e t h s till S o ti m e will b e nd y o u t o o and e v e n th at Which b e nd e th y o u it s e lf will no t e nd u r e N o w by t h e high e s t nam e o f h o ly G o d By y o n bright s u n and by t h e t e e m i ng gr o u nd By thr o ne by cr o wn by Ve nu s and t h e m o o n I n e v e r c as t an e vil l o o k u p o n y o u I c all e d t h e s ag e s i nt o c o nfe r e nc e Th e archi m ag e s and as tr o l o g e rs ; Ab u nd ant ti m e w as S p e nt th e r e in th at s o We m ight divid e t h e e arth with e qu ity I h ad n o o bj e ct b u t t o d e al with fairne s s ; Th e r e w as no knav e ry fr o m fir s t t o l as t My s e cr e t m o tiv e w as t h e fe ar o f G o d My l o ngi ng t o fu lfil all righte o u s ne s s ; S i nc e e arth w as giv e n t o m e fu ll o f m e n I t w as no wi s h o f m i ne t o s c att e r th e m I s aid : O n e ach o f my thr e e l u cky E y e s Will I b e s t o w a p o pu l o u s d o m i ni o n If A hri m an h at h no w s e d u c e d y o u r h e arts Fr o m m ine advic e t o d ark and c ro o k éd w ays C o ns id e r if t h e O m nip o t e n t will l o o k With appr o b ati o n o n thi s d e e d o f y o u r s O ne pr o v erb will I s p e ak if y e will h e ar Th e cr o p th at y e h av e s o wn th at s h all y e r e ap ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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PI R DA U S I
OF
H av e s h o wn th e ir r e al int e n t I f th o u wo u lds t fight M ak e r e ady o pe t h e tr e as u ry bind t h e b agg ag e ; S e c u r e t h e c u p whil e th o u art br e aki ng fas t Fo r if no t th e y will s u p o n th e e m y s o n ! Th o u ne e ds t no t e arthly h e lp e rs thi ne alli e s A re tr u th and inno c e n c e Th e go o d Ir aj G az e d o n th at l o v i ng S hah h is gl o ri ou s s ire My l o rd ! c o ns id e r h o w ti m e p as s e th A nd s aid : Lik e win d ab o v e u s Why S h o u ld w is e m e n fr e t I t with e r e th t h e ch e e k o f c e rci s bl o o m I t d ark e ne th t h e r adi an t S pirit s e y e s ; I t is at fi rs t a g ai n and th e n a p ai n A nd wh e n t h e p ai n is d o ne w e p as s aw ay S i n c e th e n o u r c o u ch is d u s t o u r p ill o w brick Why pl ant t o d ay a tr e e wh o s e r o o t s will e v e r Be drin ki ng bl o o d wh o s e fr u it will b e r e v e ng e Th e e arth h ath s e e n and w ill s e e m any l o rd s With s ci mit ar and thr o ne and S igne t ring Lik e u s ; b u t th e y w h o w o r e t h e cr o w n o f o ld M ad e no t a h abit o f r e v e nge I t o o Th e ki ng p e r m itti ng will no t liv e in ill I w ant n o t cr o wn an d thr o ne I will appr o ach My br o th e rs in all h as t e and u natt e nd e d A nd s ay : My l o rd s d e ar as m y s o u l and b o dy ! F o rb e ar y o u r ang e r and ab and o n s trife S trife is u nl o v e ly in r e ligi o u s m en Why s e t y o u r h o p e s s o m u ch u p o n thi s w o rld ? H o w ill it u s e d J am s hid w h o p as s e d aw ay At l as t and l o s t t h e cr o wn an d thr o ne and girdl e A nd y o u and I at l e ngth m u s t s h ar e h is lo t Liv e w e in j oy t o g e th e r and th u s s afe Fr o m fo e s I will c o nv e rt th e ir v e ng e fu l h e art s Wh at b e tt e r v e ng e anc e c an I t ak e th an th at ? .
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F A R ID UN
1 97
r e pli e d : Thy br e thr e n my wi s e s o n ! A re s e t o n figh t whil e th ou w o u ld s t hav e a fe as t I c anno t b u t r e c all thi s s aw t o m i n d I t is no m arve l if t h e m o o n is bright A n ans w e r s u ch as thine b e c o m e th w e ll Thy v irt u ou s s e lf ; th o u art fo r br o th e rh o o d A nd l o v e b u t d o th a pru d e n t m an e xp o s e H is pric e l e s s life and h e ad t o dr ag o n s br e ath S i nc e nau ght b u t bi t i ng v e no m c o m e th th e nc e By nat u r e ? Y e t if s u ch b e thy r e s o lv e T ake o rd e r fo r t h y go i ng and s e t fo rth S e l e ct a r e ti nu e am o ng t h e tr o o p s To go with th e e and I will writ e a l e tt e r With s o rr o w in m y h e art t o th o s e t w o m e n O h ! m ay thy s afe r e t u r n r ej o ic e m y s ight Fo r wh e n I l o o k o n th e e my s ou l is bright Th e S hah
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gr e at S hah wr o t e a l e tt e r t o t h e l o rd O f all t h e W e s t an d t o t h e king o f Ch in Wh e r e i n h e o ffe r e d fir s t his pr ai s e t o G o d Who is and will b e t o e t e r ni t y Thi s l e tt e r o f go o d c o u ns e l A nd t h e n w e nt o n : I s fo r t w o S u ns at th e ir m e ridi an Tw o m e n o f w e igh t and c o u r ag e k i ng s o f e art h O ne m o n arch o f t h e W e s t t h e o th e r o f Ch in Fr o m h im w h o h ath s u r v e y e d t h e w o rld thr o u gh o u t To wh o m m ys t e ri o u s thi ng s h av e b e e n di s cl o s e d Wh o b randis h e t h t h e s w o rd and m as s iv e m ac e Wh o add e th l u s tr e u nt o famo u s cr o wns Wh o t u r ne th i nt o night t h e light o f day Wh o o p e ne th t h e h o ard s o f h o p e and fe ar Th e
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1 98
TH E S H A H N A M A
P I RDA
OF
US I
wh o m all l ab o u r s h ave gro w n e as y o ne " I n wh o m all s ple ndo u r h ath di s pl ay e d its e lf I do no t as k o f y o u y o u r di ade m s Yo u r h o ard e d tr e as u r e s thr o ne s o r p al ac e s My wis h is aft e r all my w e ary t o il s Th at my thr e e s o ns s h o u ld dw e ll in p e ac e and l o ve Th e br o th e r as t o wh o m y o u r h e art s are s o r e ( Th o u gh no ne h ath fe lt a chilli ng br e ath fr o m him ) D o th c o m e in h as t e b e c au s e o f y o u r ch agrin A nd o f h is e ag e rne s s t o s e e y o u b o th H e h ath r e s ig ne d h is kin gs hip fo r y o u r s ak es A n acti o n w o rthy o f t h e no bl e s t m e n A nd t aking t o t h e s addl e fr o m t h e thr o ne H ath girt h is l o ins th at h e m ay do y o u s e r v ic e N o w s i n c e h e is t h e y o u ng e s t o f t h e thr e e H e h at h a righ t t o l o v e and t e nd e r ne s s H o ld him in h o n o u r and r e p e n t y o u r s e lv e s A s I h av e fe d h is b o dy fe e d h is s ou l A nd aft e r h e h ath b e e n with y o u awhil e S e nd m y b e l o v e d o ne b ack t o m e Th e y s e al e d Th e l e tt e r with t h e S i gne t o f t h e S hah Ir aj s e t fo rth with s u ch att e nd ant s o nly B o th y o u ng and o ld as w e r e im p e r at iv e ; A n d S al m and Tur wh e n h e w as dr awi ng nigh Unwitti ng o f th e ir d ark d e s ig n le d fo rth Th e tr o o p s t o m e e t h im as th e ir c u s t o m w as Wh e n th e y b e h e ld th e ir br o th e r s fac e o f l o v e Th e y S h o w e d t o h im an alt e r e d c o u nt e nanc e A nd b e nt o n q u arr e l g av e t h e p e ac e fu l o ne A gr e e ting b u t no t s u ch as h e d e s ir e d Tw o h e ar t s w e r e fu ll o f v e ng e anc e o ne w as c al m Th u s all thr e e br o th e r s s o u ght th e ir r oy al t e nts Th e tr o o p s s aw as th e y l o o k e d u p o n Ir aj Th at h e w as w o rthy o f t h e thr o ne and cr o w n To
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TH E S H A H N A M A
OF
PI R DA 11 5 1
Th e y w e nt with him i ns id e t h e t e nt Th e t alk R an o n t h e why and wh e r e fo r e o f his c o m ing Tirr s aid t o h im : S i nc e th o u art y o u ng e s t b o rn Why s h ou ld s t th o u t ak e t h e cr o w n o f p o we r ? M u s t th o u P o s s e s s t h e thr o n e o f pri n c e s and Iran Whil e I am b o nd s l ave at t h e T u rk m an s g at e ? Thi ne e ld e s t br o th e r c h afe t h in t h e W e s t Whil e th o u art cr o w ne d and w alke s t o v e r tr e as u r e Fo r th u s did o u r as piri ng s ir e app o rti o n Th e w o rld in fav o u r o f h is y o u ng e s t s o n Ir aj m ad e ans w e r in a h o li e r s tr ai n O m ighty chi e ft ai n l o ve r o f r e no w n S e e k p e ac e if th o u w o u ld s t h av e thy h e art at e as e I do no t w an t t h e r o y al cr o w n o r t hr o ne Th e s tyl e o f m o narch o r t h e Ira ni an h o s t ; I do n o t w an t Ira n t h e W e s t o r Ch in Th e ki ngs hip o r t h e br o ad e xp ans e o f e arth Wh e n m aj e s t y pro du c e t h nau ght b u t s t ri fe O ne n e e d s m u s t w e e p o e r s u ch s u pr e m acy Alth ou gh th o u ride s t o n t h e h e av e n ab o v e A brick will b e thy pill o w in t h e e nd Fo r m y p art th ou gh t h e m as t e r o f Iran I am aw e ary b o th o f cr o w n and thr o ne A nd yi e ld t o y ou t h e di ad e m and S igne t S o h at e m e no t ; th e r e is n o fe u d b e tw e e n u s I will n o t h av e N o h e art ne e d ach e thr o u gh m e Th e w o rld ag ains t y o u r will and th o u gh I dw e ll Far fr o m y o u r k e n I e v e r ac t as y o u ng e r My F aith is nau ght with o u t h u m anity Tli r h e ard t h e w o rd s and littl e h e e d e d th e m Bu t angry th at Ir aj s h o u ld s p e ak and c aring N o j o t fo r p e ac e h e r o s e u p with a cry A nd t h e n adv an cing s u dd e nly and r as pi ng g Th e m as s iv e s e at o f g o ld h e s m o t e I r aj .
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F A R I D UN
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p t p t h i w n pr t t i nt t h m th f Ir j g in t t h ci t Z r tri c t m f killi g t t ight b i g t h cr ti f A hri m n Th c l b t d high pri t f t h P r i t h l t nt r d th M l Fir lin i t h i P nd N amah w hich m y b t k n b tt r d y f t h wi littl cr t r DZ A i 7 i B k 1
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Th o u t o o 0 man di s tr act e d and di s tr au ght Wh o s e h e art t he w o rld h ath s e ar e d and c au s e d t o bl e e d If as with th e s e r e ve ng e is in thy th ou ght T ak e w arn ing by th e s e p e r s e c u t o rs d e e d Th e y fille d t h e h e ad w ith m u s k and am b e rgri s A nd s e n t it t o t h e agé d w o rld divid e r Wi t h th e s e w o rd s L o o k u p o n thy d arli ng s h e ad Th e i nh e rit o r o f o u r fo r e fath e r s cr o wn A nd giv e it cr o w n o r thr o ne as pl e as e th th e e The r o y al and far s h ad o wi ng Tr e e h ad fall e n A nd th o s e t w o m i s cr e ant s w e n t th e ir w ay in S pl e e n O ne u nt o Ram t h e o th e r u n t o Ch in ,
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bl o o m t h e will o w s and t h e q u in c e s S aw t o o and s tr e w e d d ark d u s t u p o n t h e thr o ne I m p e ri al b u t u n princ e d and l u s tr e l e s s Whil e u p t o S atu r n r o s e t h e s o ldi e r s w ail H e cri e d Al as ! Al as ! pl u ck e d o u t his h air H e p o u r e d d o w n t e ar s h e t o r e his fac e and girt Ar o u nd h is l o in s a r o p e b e s mirch e d with bl o o d H e fir e d t h e h o u s e wh e r e in Ir aj h ad dw e lt D e s tr o y e d t h e r o s e b e d s b u r nt t h e cypr e s s tr ee s A nd cl o s e d u p o n c e fo r all t h e e y e o f j o y H e pl ac e d t h e pri nc e s h e ad u p o n his br e as t A nd s aid with h e ad t u r ne d G o d w ard : R ight e o u s J u dg e ! L o o k do w n u p o n this m u rd e r e d i nno c e nt Wh o s e s e v e r e d h e ad is h e r e b e fo r e m e no w Whil e fo r e ign li o ns h av e d e v o u r e d h is b o dy D o Th o u s o b u r n u p th o s e t w o m i s cr e ant s h e ar t s Th at th e y m ay ne v e r s e e a bright day m o r e S o pi e rc e and s e ar t h e live r s o f th e m b o th Th at e v e n b e as t s o f pr e y s h all pity th e m O h gr ant m e Th o u th at j u dg e s t r igh t e ou s ly ! S o l o ng a r e s pit e fr o m t h e day o f d e ath Th at I m ay s e e d e s c e nd e d fr o m Ir aj O ne b o r n t o fam e and gird e d t o av e ng e Le t him b e h e ad th o s e t w o i nj u ri o u s m e n A s th e y b e h e ad e d h im w h o wr o ng e d th e m no t A nd wh e n I h av e b e h e ld it le t m e go Wh e r e e arth s h all t ak e t h e m e as u r e o f m y h e ight H e w e pt th u s m any d ays and bitt e rly H is pill o w w as t h e d u s t his b e d t h e gr o u nd Until t h e h e rb ag e gr e w ab o u t his br e as t A nd b o t h th o s e l u s tr o u s e y e s o f his w e r e di mm e d H e g av e no au di e nc e b u t with o u t s u rc e as e Cri e d o u t with bitt e r ne s s : O g allant y o u th N o w e ar e r o f a cr o w n h ath e v e r di e d Th e
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F A RI D UN
th o u h as t di e d tho u fam o u s w arri o r ! Tho u wa s t b e he ad e d by vil e A hri m an ; Th e m aw o f li o ns w as thy wi ndi ng s h e e t W ail s s o b s and cri e s r o b b e d e e n t h e b e as t s Whil e m e n and w o m e n g ath e r e d int o cr o wd s I n e ve ry pr o vi nc e w e e ping and h e art br o k e n H o w m any d ays th e y s at in th e ir di s tr e s s A d e ath in life o f u tt e r h o p e l e s s ne s s ! A
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M ark wh at a w o nd e r y o n bl u e vau l t r e v e al e d Wh e n ni ne m o n th s h ad e l ap s e d ! Th at virt u o u s d am e Bro u ght fo rth a s o n fi t fo r t h e cr o w n and thr o ne Wh o fr o m his t e nd erm o th e r s w o m b w as br o u ght Witho u t d e l ay b e fo r e t h e m ighty S hah Th e b e ar e r s aid : 0 m as t e r o f t h e cr o w n ! Le t all thy h e art b e j oy : b e h o ld Ir aj Th e w o rld di v id e r s lip s w e r e fu ll o f s m il e s ; Th ou w o u ld s t h av e s aid : H is o wn Ir aj d o th liv e H e cl as p e d t h e no bl e child and pr ay e d t h e A l m ighty O h w ou ld th at I m ight h av e m i ne e y e s agai n Th at G o d w o u ld S h o w t o m e thi s i nfant s fac e H e pr ay e d s o e arne s tly th at G o d v o u ch s afe d To giv e h is s ight b ack Wh e n with o p e n e y e s H e g az e d o n th at n e w c o m e r s fac e h e cri e d Be thi s day bl e s t and o u r fo e s h e art s pl u ck e d o u t ! H e br o u ght bright wi ne and S pl e ndid c u p s and c all e d 1 i n Th at b ab e o f o p e n vi s ag e M 11 chihr Fr o m t w o p u r e p ar e nt s th e r e h ath c o m e A nd s aid : A pr o p e r br anch t o fru it H e r e ar e d t h e b ab e S o t e nd e rly th at no t a br e ath p as s e d o e r him The s l av e th at c arri e d h im u po n h e r br e as t Tr o d no t t h e gr ou nd fo r u nd e rne ath h e r fe e t Th e p u r e s t m u s k w as s tr e w n and as s h e w alk e d A s u ns h ad e o f br o c ad e w as o e r h e r h e ad Ye ar s p as s e d no ill b e fe ll h im fr o m t h e s t ar s ; M e anwhil e t h e fam o u s m onarch t au ght t h e child All th o s e acc o m plis h m e nt s th at ki ngs re qu ire .
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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Wh e n th o s e t wo m i s cr e ant s S al m and Tar h ad h e ard Th e thr o ne o f ki ng o f king s is brigh t ag ai n Th e y fe are d th e ir s t ar w o u ld s ink and s at t o g e th e r I n anxi o u s th o u ght ; th o s e wr e tch e s day w as d ark e ne d A nd th e y r e s o lve d t o s e n d t o as k fo rgiv e nes s Th e y ch o s e a m an p e r s u as iv e wi s e and m o d e s t To wh o m th e y m ad e a p as s i o nat e app e al A nd fe arfu l o f a d o w n fall O p e ne d wid e Th e tr e as u ry o f t he W e s t Fr o m th at o ld h o ard Th e y ch o s e a cr o w n o f g o ld Th e y h o u s e d t h e e l e ph an t s Wh at w ag o ns did th e y fill with m u s k and am b e rgri s Br o c ad e d inars and pr e ci o u s fu r s and S ilks ! O n high ne ck e d e l e ph an t s t h e e m b as s age W e nt fr o m t h e W e s t in s t at e t o ward Iran Th e c ou rti e r s add e d t o k e ns o f r e g ard A nd wh e n th e r e w as as m u ch as h e art c o u ld wi s h Th e king s Th e e nv o y c am e pr e p ar e d t o s t art G av e h im thi s e m b as s y t o Faridti n I nvo ki ng fir s t o f all t h e nam e o f G o d M ay v ali ant Faridii n fo r e v e r live O n wh o m G o d h ath b e s t o w e d t h e r o y al Gr ac e Be his h e ad fl o u ri s hing h is p e r s o n l o v e d H is g e ni u s high e r th an h e av e n ! I pr e s e nt A c as e c o m m itt e d t o m e by t wo s l av e s At thi s high p o rt al o f t h e king o f kings K no w th at t w o ill dis p o s e d and l awl e ss m e n Who s e e y e s are w e t with s h am e b e fo r e th e ir s ire R e p e nt ant s e ar e d at h e art and mu ch t o bl am e N o w s e e k h o w b e s t th e y m ay e xc u s e th e m s e lv e s ; Till no w th e y h ad no h o p e o f b e i ng h e ard ”
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Wh at do th e y s ay Th e ir w o rd s wi s e S hah ! are th e s e : Le t him th at did t h e e v il b e ar t h e br u nt A nd live in p ai n o f h e art and s e lf r e pr o ach A S w e are d o i ng no w 0 no bl e S hah Th u s w as it writt e n do w n fo r u s by fat e A n d by d e cr e e o f fat e t h e s e qu e l c am e ; E e n w o rld c o ns u m i ng li o ns and fi e rc e dr ag o ns E s c ap e no t fro m t h e n e t o f d e s ti ny Ag ai n— th e fo u l Div b ad e u s pu t as id e All t e rr o r o f t h e Wo rldlord fr o m o u r h e art s H e t o o k p o s s e s s i o n o f t w o wi s e m e n s br ai ns A nd m ightily pr e v ail e d ag ai ns t u s b o th ; A nd n o w o u r h o p e is th at p e rch an c e t h e S hah M ay y e t fo rgiv e u s and i m p u t e t h e wr o ng To ign o r anc e in u s ne xt t o high h e av e n Th at is at o nc e o u r s h e lt e r and o u r s c ath A nd thirdly t o t h e Div th at in o u r m id s t I s gird e d r u nne r like t o w o rk u s ill N o w if t h e gr e at king s h e ad no l o ng e r h arb o u re t h R e ve nge o n u s o u r go o d faith s h all b e e vid ent Le t h im s e nd M innc h ih r and as an e s c o rt A m ighty ar my t o his s u ppli ant s With thi s i nt e nt th at w e m ay s t and as S l av e s B e fo r e h im d u tifu lly ; th u s o u r t e ar s M ay w as h lt h e tr e e th at s pr ing e th o f r e v e ng e O u r o ffe ri ng s h all b e o u r t e ar s and gr o ans A nd wh e n h e gr o w e th u p o u r h o ard s and thr o ne s ,
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Ch arg e d with th e s e w o rd s and d ou bti ng wh at w ou l d fo ll o w Th e e nv o y r e ach e d t h e p o rt al o f t h e S hah With tr e as u r e s o f all ki nd s o n e l e phants ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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Wh e n Faridim w as t o ld h e g av e c o mm and To s pr e ad br o c ad e o f R11 m u p o n t h e thro ne O f ki ng o f ki ng s and h av e t h e r o yal cr o wn Pr e p ar e d th e n t o o k h is s e at as h e h ad b e e n A n u pright cypr e s s n e at h a fu ll o rb e d m o o n I n fitti ng s t at e with cr o w n and t o rqu e and e ar r i ng s Bl e s t M inachih r s at by h im cr o w ne d t h e no bl e s S t o o d r ank e d in d o u bl e fi le in r o b e s o f g o ld With g o ld e n m ac e and girdl e m aki ng e arth Ano th e r s u n O n o ne S id e p ard s and li o ns W e r e ch ai ne d o n t h e o th e r h u g e w ar e l e ph ant s Th e n fr o m t h e p al ac e i s s u e d b o ld S h apii r To i ntr o d u c e S al m s e nv o y w h o o n s e e i ng Th e p al ac e g at e alight e d and ran fo rw ard A s s o o n as h e dr e w n e ar t o F aridii n A nd s aw t h e di ad e m and l o fty thr o ne H e b e n t u nt il h is vi s ag e t o u ch e d t h e gr o u nd Th e no bl e S hah t h e m o narch o f t h e w o rld B ad e h im b e s e at e d o n a g o ld e n s e at H e did o b e i s anc e t o t h e S hah and s aid O gl o ry o f t h e cr o w n and thr o ne and S igne t Thy thr one s s t e p s m ak e t h e e arth a r o s ary A nd thy fair fo rt u ne b righ t e ne t h t h e age We s e rv e t h e d u s t th at is b e ne ath thy fe e t A nd o nly liv e s i nc e th o u wilt h av e it s o Th e s e pr ai s e s c au s e d t h e S hah s fac e t o r e l ax Wh e r e at t h e e nvo y s p ak e o f cl e m e ncy With gr e at cr aft and t h e S hah gav e e ar t o him Whil e h e r e p e at e d th o s e t w o m u rd e r e r s w o rd s E nd e av o u ri ng t o k e e p t h e tr u th c o nc e al e d A n d m ak e e xc u s e s fo r th e ir wick e d ne s s I nviting M inuch ih r t o vis it th e m Wh e n th e y w o u ld w ait u p o n him as h is s l av e s Give h im t h e cr o w n and thr o ne o f maj e s ty '
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TH E S H A H N A M A
O F PI R DA
ght r e v e nge fo r h im as y e t B e c au s e I s aw t h e b ack o f fo rt u ne be nt : I t s e e m e d no t g o o d t o m e t o lay m y h and s I n b attl e o n m i ne o w n t w o s o ns ; b u t n o w Fr o m th at s am e Tr e e which e ne m i e s h av e fe ll e d A fr u itfu l O ffs h o o t h ath s pr u ng u p ; fo r lik e A n angry li on M imichih r S h all c o m e With l o ins girt r e ady t o av e ng e his s ir e T o g e th e r with t h e l e ad e r s o f t h e tr o o p s S u ch chi e fs as S am t h e s o n o f N arim an G ars h as p s o n o f J am s h id— and h o s t s t o r e ach Fr o m hill t o hill and tr ampl e d o wn t he w o rld N e xt fo r th e ir pl e adi ng th at t h e S hah m u s t w as h H is h e art fr o m v e ng e an c e and fo rgiv e o u r cri m e B e c au s e t h e s k y s o t u rn e d o e r u s th at wi s d o m Was tr o u bl e d and affe cti o n s s e at o b s c u r e d I h av e h e ard all t h e u nav aili ng pl e a A n d n o w th at p ati e n c e is fo rd o ne I ans w e r N 0 m an th at s o w e th s e e d o f vi o l e nc e S h all s e e go o d d ay s o r j o c u nd P aradi s e h o ly G o d I f y e are p ard o ne d by All — Wh at ne e d y e fe ar ab o u t a br o th e r s bl o o d Th e wi s e e s t e e m t h e s e lf e xc u s e r gu ilty R e ve r e y e no t t h e gl o ri o u s L o rd o f all ? Y o u r h e art s are bl ack y o u r t o ngu e s s p eak gl o z ing w o rd s ; H e will r e qu it e y o u fo r it in b o th w o rld s A nd thirdly s i nc e y e s e nt an iv o ry thr o ne A n d t o rqu o is e cr o w n o n m ighty e l e ph ant s With p u r s e s fu ll o f div e r s c o l o u r e d g e m s A m I t o b alk r e v e ng e t o w as h aw ay Th e bl o o d and s e ll t h e pri nc e s h e ad fo r go ld ? N ay ! p e ri s h fir s t thr o ne di ad e m and Gr ac e ! Wo r s e th an a drag o n s o ffs pring is t h e m an Who t ak e th m o ne y fo r a pric e l e s s h e ad No
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p u tting pric e u p on h is s o n s d e ar life ? I ne e d th e m no t A s fo r th e s e gift s o f y o u r s— Bu t wh e r e fo r e u tt e r I s o m any w o rd s Yo u r h o ary h e ad e d s ire will no t u ngird Th e l o i ns o f h is r e v e ng e whil e life e nd u r e th Thy m e s s ag e h ave I h e ard H e ar m y r e ply R e t ai n it e v e ry whit and ge t th e e g o ne Th e m e s s e ng e r gr e w p al e at thi s dr e ad S p e e ch A nd at t h e b e aring o f prin c e M imi c h ihr L e apt u p in fe ar and m o u nt e d ins t antly Th e no bl e y o u thfu l e nv o y s hr e wdly s aw R e v o lvi ng h e av e n in no l o ng tim e will fu rr o w Th e vi s ag e s o f T11 r and S al m H e s pe d Lik e r u s hing wind h is he ad fu ll o f t h e m e s s age H is h e art o f b o di ng s Wh e n h e s aw t h e W e s t With c am p e ncl o s u r e s s tr e tch e d u p on t h e pl ai n H e m ad e his way t o w ard S al m s p avili o n O f p ai nt e d S il k with o th e r t e nt s ar o u nd Wh e r e s at b o th king s in c oncl ave W o rd w as p as s e d Th e e nvo y h ath r e t u r ne d Th e ch am be rl ai n Appr o ach e d and t o o k h im t o t h e r o y al pr e s e nc e Th ey h ad a s p e ci al s e at pr e p ar e d fo r h im A nd as k e d fo r tidi ng s o f t h e ne w — m ad e S hah Of cr o w n and thr o ne and o f S hah Faridii n H is h os t h is w arri o r s and h is d o m i ni o ns A nd o f t h e as p e ct o f t h e t u r ni ng s k y Wh at fav o u r s h o we t h it t o M inii ch ihr ? Wh o are t h e no bl e s Wh o is m i nis t e r ? Wh at tr e as u r e s h av e th e y ? Wh o h ath ch arge th e r e o f ? Th e e nv o y s aid : Th e p o rt al o f t h e Shah B e h o ld e th th at which bright s pring s e e th no t
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Fo r t is t h e j o c u nd S pri ng o f P ar adis e Whe r e gr o u n d is am b e rgri s and brick s ’
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r o o f ab o v e h is p al ac e is a h e ave n A nd P ar adi s e is in his s m ili ng fac e Wh e n I appr o ach e d h is l o ft y r e s id e n c e I t s r o o f w as t e l lin g s e cr e t s t o t h e s t ar s O n thi s h and th e r e w e r e li o ns and o n th at W e r e e l e ph ants Th e w o rld it s e lf w as pl ac e d B e ne ath his thr o ne Up o n his e l e ph ant s W e r e s e at s o f g o ld and r o u nd t h e li o ns ne ck s W e r e j e w e ll e d t o rqu e s Th e ty m b al — pl ay e r s s t o o d B e fo r e t h e e l e ph ant s whil e tr u m p e ts bl ar e d Tho u w o u ld s t h av e s aid : Th e pr e ci nct s s e e th e e arth s h o u t e th To h e av e n I c am e b e fo r e th at w e ll l o v e d S h ah A nd s aw a l o fty t u rqu o i s e thr o ne wh e r e s at A m o narch like a m o o n Up o n h is h e ad H e w o r e a s p arklin g r u by c o r o ne t H is h air w as whit e as c am ph o r an d h is ch e e k s We r e lik e t h e p e t al s o f t h e r o s e H is h e art I s fu ll o f cl e m e n c y his s p e e ch is ki nd ; H e is t h e h o p e and fe ar o f all t h e w o rld Th o u w o u ld s t h av e s aid : J am s h id do th liv e again A S h o o t fr o m th at t all Cypr e s s —M inuc h ih r Lik e T ah mii ras t h e Bind e r o f t h e Div S at o n t h e S hah s right h and : th o u w o u ld s t h av e s aid H e is t h e h e art and s o u l o f th at gr e at S hah Th e r e Ka wa s t o o d t h e s kill e d am o ng t h e s m ith s Wi t h o ne b e fo r e h im w e ll b e s e e n in w ar H is s o n Kar an by nam e t h e w arri o r Th e w atchfu l chi e f t h e c o nqu e r o r o f h o s ts ; Th e min i s t e r —S arv m o narch o f Y am an Th e tr e as u r e r—vict o ri o u s G ars h as p W e r e th e r e Th e s u m within t h e tr e as u ri e s App e ar e th no t N o ne e v e r s aw s u ch gr e atne s s ,
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PI R DA U S I
TH E S H A H N A M A O F \2
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T o w ard t h e d e s e rt th u s advi s ing h im A y o u th pr e d e s ti ne d t o b e fo rt u nat e M ay h app e n t o e ns n ar e a m o u nt ain s h e e p Whil e h u nt e rs are b e fo r e and p ard s b e hi nd ; Bu t h aving p atie nc e pr u d e n c e s e ns e and wit s H e will t ak e s av ag e li o ns in h is t o ils A nd n o w m y fo e s in th e s e m y cl o s ing d ays I w o u l d ch as ti s e and wi e ld a s w o rd o f fi re Gr e at S hah ! s aid M imich ih r m ay fat e k e e p ill Fo r any fo e th at c o m e th t o att ack th e e ; M ay h e be tr ay hi m s e lf b o th s ou l and b o dy Lo ! I will do n a c o at o f E li m an m ail To l e av e no p art e xp o s e d and th e n in q u e s t O f v e ng e anc e o n t h e b attl e fi e ld will s e nd Th e d u s t o f y o n h os t s u n w ard N o ne o f th e m H o ld I a m an : d ar e th e y c on t e nd with m e ? H e o rd e r e d th at Kar an w h o l o v e d t h e fr ay S h o u ld cr o s s t h e fr o nti e r t o t h e d e s e rt t ak ing Th e c am p e n cl o s u r e and t h e i m pe ri al s t and ard Th e n as tr o o p fo ll o w e d tr o o p t h e hill s and pl ain s H e av e d lik e t h e s e a t h e day w as d ark with d u s t Th e s u n is az u r e dim A n d th o u h ad s t s aid : A cl am o u r r o s e e nou gh t o d e afe n e ar s Th o u gh k ee n t h e ne ighin g o f t h e Arab s t e e d s R o s e high ab o v e t h e ty m b al s din Tw o line s O f m ighty e l e ph ant s s tr e tch e d fr o m t h e c am p Fo r t w o m il e s s ixty c arri e d s e at s o f go ld I nl aid wi t h g e m s thr e e h u ndr e d bo r e t h e b aggage Thr e e hu ndr e d w e r e in iro n p ano ply Th at hid all b u t th e ir e y e s Th e y l e ft Tamm is h a A nd b o r e t h e c am p e n cl o s u r e t o t h e w as t e Kar an t h e av e ng e r w as t h e g e ne ral Th e h o s t thr e e h u ndr e d th o u s and c av ali e r s Th e me n o f nam e m arch e d m ail e d with m as s iv e m ac e ,
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All b o ld as angry li o ns and all gird e d Fo r ve ng e anc e fo r Ir aj t h e ir s t e e l bl u e s w o rd s W e r e in th e ir h and s and Kawa s s t and ard le d th e m 1 T h e n M inuc hih r with h im w h o l o ve d t h e fr ay K ar an w e nt fr o m t h e fo r e s t o f Narw an R e vi e w e d and r ang e d h is h os t o n th o s e br o ad pl ains H e g av e t h e ar m y s l e ft wi ng t o G ars h as p ; Up o n t h e right w as br ave S am with K u bad W h o s e t t h e b attl e in array Th e princ e With S arv w as in t h e c e n tr e wh e nc e h e s h o ne M o o n like o r as t h e s u n o e r s o m e high hill Le d by K ar an with ch am pi o ns s u ch as S alm K u bad w as s c o u t Th e ira ni an ar m y fo ught Th e h e r o e s o f t h e h o u s e o f T al im a n We r e am b u s cad e r s and t h e h o s t w as d e ck e d I n brid al tri m with li o n w arri o r s A nd din o f dr u m s M e n b o r e t h e ne w s in h as t e Th e Ira ni ans ar m e d fo r figh t To Tur and S al m A re m archin g t o w ar d t h e d e s e rt fr o m t h e fo r e s t Th e ir liv e r s bl o o d afo am u p o n th e ir lip s Th at p air o f m u rd e r e r s with a h u g e arr ay S e t fo rth i nt e nt o n v e nge anc e and dr e w u p Th e ir h o s t u p o n t h e pl ai n : th e y m ad e t h e Ala ns K u bad t h e s c o u t ad v anc e d A nd s e a th e ir b as e A nd Tur o n h e ari ng th at c am e fo rth lik e wind R e t u r n t o M inuc hih r A nd s aid t o h im : Th o u b as t ard j u s t m ad e S hah A nd s ay t o h im Wh at th ou gh th e r e w as a d au ght e r t o Ir aj V H as t th o u a right t o S igne t cr o w n and thr o ne Ye a I will t ak e thy m e s s age s aid K u bad I n thine o wn w o rd s and s t yl e b u t th ou wilt qu ak e To thin k h e r e aft e r o f this m o ns tr o u s s p e e ch Twill no t b e s tr ange if e ve n s avag e b e as ts -
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B e w ail y o u day and night fo r fr o m Narw an To Ch in are w arlik e v e ng e fu l c av ali e r s A gli m p s e o f o u r bright s w o rd s and Kaw a s s t and ard Will m ak e y o u r h e art s and br ai ns b u r s t in di s m ay Y e will no t k no w a v all e y fr o m a hill Tur h e ard and t u r ne d aw ay in s il e nt du dg e o n Whil e bl e s t K u bad w e nt b ack t o M inuch ih r A nd t o ld t h e i ns u lting w o rd s Th e y ou ng pri nc e l au gh e d N o ne b u t a fo o l h e s aid w o u ld t alk lik e thi s Bu t pr ai s e t o H im —t h e L o rd o f b o th t h e w o rld s Who kno we th all things s e cr e t o r r e v e al e d 1 H e k no w e th th at m y gr and s ir e w as Ir aj A s bl e s s e d F ar idu n as s u re t h m e Bu t wh e n I s h o w m y p e r s o n in t h e fight My birth and pr o w e s s will appr o v e th e m s e l v e s N o w by t h e Gr ac e o f H im w h o r u l e th s u n A nd m o o n I will no t l e av e Tur p o w e r t o wi nk Bu t s h o w his tr u nkl e s s h e ad t o all t h e h o s t I will av e ng e my bl e s sed s ir e u p o n h im A nd t u r n his ki ngd o m u p s id e d o w n H e c e as e d A nd i s s u e d o rd e r s t o pr e p ar e a fe as t ,
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tr o o p s m o v e d m ou nt ain lik e and b o th h o s ts s h o u t e d A no n t h e pl ai n ran bl o o d : th o u w o u ld s t h av e s aid Th at tu lip s s pr ang u p Mighty e l e ph ants S t o o d as o n c o r al c o l u m ns i n th e g o r e Th e y fo u ght till night till M inuc hihr wh o w o n Th e l o v e o f all o bt aine d t h e vict o ry Ye t fo r t u ne in o ne s t ay abid e th no t N o w h o ne y and no w g all m ak e u p m an s lo t Th e h e art s o f Tur and S al m w e r e d e e ply m o v e d By gri e f Th e y li s t e ne d fo r a night s u rpris e Bu t no o ne c am e e e n wh e n nigh t t u r ne d t o day A nd th e y th e ms e lv e s w e r e anxi o u s fo r d e l ay
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N o o n p as s e d With v e ng e fu l h e art s t he br o th e r s m e t Fo r c o ns u lt ati o n ; m id th e ir fo o li s h s ch e m e s Th e y s aid : Le t u s at t e m pt a night at t ack A nd fill t h e d e s e rt and t h e pl ain with bl o o d Th at n ight t h o s e m is cr e ant s dre w th e ir ar my o u t B e n t o n a c am is ad e Th e Irani an s c o u ts G at n e w s th e r e o f and s p e d t o M inuch ih r To t e ll him s o th at h e m ight p o s t h is tr o o p s Th at s hr e wd m an h e ard and pl anne d a c o u nt e r r u s e H e l e ft Kar an t h e h o s t and le d hi m s e lf A n am b u s c ad e with thirty th o u s an d w arri o r s All m e n o f nam e Tur cam e at night and br o u ght O ne h u ndr e d th o u s and m e n pr e p ar e d fo r fight Bu t fo u n d t h e fo e arr ay e d with b anne r s flyi ng A nd s aw th a t b attl e w as his s ol e r e s ou rc e A s h o u t r o s e fr o m t h e c e ntr e s o f t h e h o s t s Th e h o r s e m e n m ad e t h e air a cl o u d o f d u s t A nd s t e e l s w o rd s fl as h e d lik e light ni ng : th ou h ads t s aid .
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Th e y mak e air bl az e e arth gl e am lik e di am o nd s Th e cl as hin g o f t h e s t e e l w e n t thr o u gh t h e br ai n Whil e fl am e and bl as t r o s e cl o u dw ard M inuchih r S pr ang fr o m h is am b u s h and s u rr o u nd e d Tur Wh o wh e e l e d and fle d m id w aili ngs o f d e s p air Fr o m h is o wn tr o o p s Pri nc e M inuchih r p u r su e d H o t fo r r e v e ng e and cri e d : S t ay m i s cr e ant Wh o l o ve s t fig ht s o w e ll and c u tt e s t o ff Th e h e ad s o f i nno c e nt s I Kno w s t no t th at all D e s ir e r e v e ng e o n th e e 7 H e h u rl e d a d art Ag ains t Tur s b ack wh o s e s w o rd fe ll fr o m his gr as p Th e n M inuch ih r lik e wi nd u ns e at e d h im C as t him t o e arth s l e w h im c u t o ff h is h e ad A nd l e ft t h e b o dy fo r t h e b e as t s o f pr e y ; Th e n w e nt b ack t o h is c am p t o c o nt e m pl at e Th at s y m b o l o f a fall fr o m high e s t at e .
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Th e n M inuchih r wr o t e t o S h ah F ar idun Ab ou t t h e w ar—it s fo rt u ne s g o o d and ill A nd fir s t h e s p ak e o f H im w h o m ad e t h e w o rld Th e L o rd o f g o o d ne s s p u rity and j u s tic e Pr ai s e t o t h e Wo rldlo rd wh o h ath s u cc o u r e d u s M e n fi nd no o th e r h e lp e r in th e ir s tr ait s H e is t h e G u id e h e m ak e th h e a rt s r ej o ic e A nd ch ang e t h no t thr o u gh o u t e t e rnity N e xt pr ai s e s b e t o no bl e F ar idun Th e l o rd o f cr o wn and m ac e p o s s e s s e d o fj u s tic e Th e F aith and Gr ac e cr o wn and i m p e ri al thr o ne H is fo rt u ne is t h e s o u rc e o f right e o u s ne s s H is thr o ne o f b e au ty and o f e xc e ll e nc e ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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By virt u e o f t hy Gr ac e I r e ach e d Turan Arr aye d t h e h o s t and fo u ght by day and night Thric e fi e rc e ly in t w o d ay s I h e ard th at Tur D e s ig ne d a night att ack and w anti ng p o w e r R e li e d o n cr aft ; s o I arr ange d an am bu s h A nd l e ft him n o t hi ng b u t t h e wi nd t o cl u tch H e fl e d I fo ll o w e d and o e rt ak ing him Pi e rc e d thr o u gh h is ar m o u r with a j av e li n A nd t o o k h im fr o m h is s addl e like t h e wi nd I fl u ng him as I w o u ld a s e rp e n t d o w n A nd fr o m h is w o rthl e ss b o dy s m o t e t h e h e ad Which lo I s e nd m y gr and s ir e and fo rthwith Will s e t ab o u t a s tr at ag e m fo r S al m S i nc e Tur h ad pl ac e d withi n a g o ld e n c as k e t H is r o y al br o th e r s h e ad in fo u l c o nt e m pt A nd h ad no r u th o r r e v e r e nc e fo r h im G o d Wh o m ad e t h e w o rld d e liv e r e d Tur t o m e A nd I h av e s l ain him as h e s l e w lraj ; A nd will lay w as t e h is r e al m and dw e lli ng pl ac e Th e l e tt e r d o ne h e s e nt a c ame l e e r Wh o s p e d lik e wind with ch e e ks s u ffu s e d with s h ame A nd h o t t e ar s in h is e y e s fo r F ar idu n H o w s h ou ld h e lik e t o b e t h e c arri e r O f Tur s h e ad t o t h e m o narch o f Ira n ? Th o u gh d e ad s o ns w e r e p e rve r s e th e ir fath e rs m o u r n th e m ; Bu t as t h e cri m e w as gr e at and u n pr o v o k e d A nd as t h e av e ng e r w as b o th y ou ng and br av e Th e m e s s e nge r appr o ach e d with c o nfid e nc e A nd l aid t h e h e ad o f Tur b e fo r e t h e S hah W h o pr aye d t o G o d t h e right e ou s J u dg e t o p o u r O n M in uc h ih r h is bl e s s i ngs e v e r mo r e ,
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Di s g u i s e d as e nvo y t o t h e c as t e ll an To s h o w t o h im t h e S ig ne t ri ng o f Tur “Th e n I am in t h e c as tl e I will r ai s e Th e s t and ard and will m ake t h e bl u e s wo rd s gl e am Appr o ach y e th e n t h e h o ld and wh e n I s h o u t M ak e o ns e t and lay o n H e l e ft t h e h o s t H ard by t h e h o ld whil e h e hi m s e lf ad v anc e d A n d wh e n h e r e ach e d t h e c as tl e t o ld h is t al e S h o w e d t o t h e c as t e ll an Tur s S igne t r i ng A nd s aid : I c o m e fr o m Tur w h o b ad e m e no t S t o p t o dr aw br e ath and s aid : G o t o t h e c as t e ll an Be w atchfu l day and night A nd s ay t o h im : S h ar e b o th in w e al and w o e g u ard w e ll t h e c as tl e Be vigil ant and if S hah M inuch ih r S h all s e nd his tr o o p s and s t and ard g ai ns t t h e h o ld A s s is t e ach o th e r and pu t fo rth y o u r s tr e ngth ; A nd m ay y e o v e rthr o w t h e e ne m y Th e c as t e ll an h e ar d thi s and r e c o g ni s e d Th e s ig ne t ri ng ; th e y o p e d t h e c as tl e g at e s H e s aw t h e s e e m i ng b u t h e s aw no m o r e M ark h e r e t h e r u s tic p o e t s m o r ali s i ng N 0 o ne b u t H e al o ne w h o pl ac e d t h e h e art Withi n c an s e e it s s e cr e t s Be o u r p art To l ab ou r at t h e d u ty o f t h e day ; S o b e t h e g o o d and e vi l wh at th e y m ay Mi ne o nly d u t y is t o s ay m y s ay Th e c as t e ll an re e nt e r e d with Kar an Wh o l o v e d t h e fight t he gu il e l e s s with t h e gu il e ful Thi s chi e ftain th o u gh pr e p ar e d fo r s tr at ag e m s S e al e d fri e nd s hip with a s tr ang e r and in fo lly G av e b o th h is h e ad and c as tl e t o t h e wi nd s H e th u s addr e s s e d h is s o n—a w arri o r p ard My s o n wh o art s o s kilfu l and adr o it ! Do no t hing r as hly and in ig no ranc e -
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p o nd e r w e ll and m ark fr o m fir s t t o l as t Th e h o ni e d w o rd s o f o ne th at is a s tr ang e r Es p e ci ally in ti m e s o f w ar and s trife S e arch w e ll and liv e in dr e ad o f am b u s c ad e s L o o k d e e ply wh at s o e e r t h e m att e r b e A nd h o w a chi e ft ain s hr e wd o f i nt e ll e ct By l e av ing s o m e s m all d e t ail u ne xpl o r e d A nd no t c o ns id e ri ng t h e fo e me n s cr aft M ay r e nd e r u p h is fo rtr e s s t o t h e wind s At br e ak o f day Kar an w h o l o v e d t h e fight S e t u p a s t and ard lik e t h e m o o n fu ll o rb e d ; H e s h o u t e d and m ad e s ignal s t o S h irw i S h irwi p e rc e ivi ng A nd his e x alt e d chi e fs Th e r o y al s t andard m ad e t o w ard t h e h o ld S e i z e d o n t h e gat e thr e w in h is tr o o p s an d cr o w ne d Th e chi e fs wi th bl o o d H e r e w as Kar an and th e r e S h irw i t h e s w o rd ab o v e t h e s e a b e l o w By no on t h e c as tl e s fo r m and c as t e ll an s H ad v ani s h e d Th o u c ou lds t s e e a cl o u d o f s mo k e Bu t s hip and c as tl e w e r e i nvi s ibl e Fir e bl az e d win d bl e w r o s e h o rs e m e n s s h ou t s and cri e s Fo r h e lp At s u ns e t h o ld and pl ain w e r e l e v e l A nd twic e s ix th o u s and o f t h e fo e w e r e s l ain A pitchy r e e k r o s e o e r a pitchy s h o r e A nd all t h e s u rfac e o f t h e w as t e ran g o r e Bu t
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H ow K ctkwt, the Gr andso n th e
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Kar an r e t u rne d and t o ld t h e pri nc e wh o s aid M ay h o r s e and m ac e and s addl e ne e r l ack th e e Wh e n th o u h ads t g o ne ano th e r h o s t appr o ach e d Le d by a you ng and b attl e l o ving chi e f ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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o f Z ah h a k , and
PI RDA U S I
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c all e d I h e ar K akw i—an i nfi de l—with h au ghty h o r s e m e n A nd m e n o f n am e a h u ndr e d th ou s and s tr o ng A nd s l au ght e r e d m any o f o u r li o n w arri o r s S al m no w is b e nt o n fight s i n c e thi s ally 1 a o m t o H th c e h e lp h im fr o m G ang i Diz hh u kh t Th e y t e ll m e th at h e is a warlik e di v I n b attl e u napp all e d and s tr o ng o f h and I h av e no t r e ach e d h im in t h e c o m b at y e t N o r t a e n hi s m e as u r e with t h e w arri o r s m ac e Bu t wh e n h e c o m e th n e xt t o fight with u s I will e s s ay h im an d will try his w e ight Kar an r e pli e d : O pri nc e ! w h o c an c o nfr o nt th e e I n b attl e ? I f h e w e r e a p ard h is s ki n W o u ld bu r s t u p on h im at t h e th ou ght o f fight Wh o is Kak w i ? Wh at is Kak w i ? Thy fo e s Will ne v e r pl ay t h e m an I will d e vis e A s hr e wd d e vic e in thi s e m e rg e n cy Th at no ne lik e vil e Kak wi m ay e v e r c o m e H e nc e fo rth t o fight u s fr o m Gang i Diz hhu k h t Be n o t c o n c e r ne d Th e n o bl e pri nc e r e pli e d : Th o u art e xh au s t e d wit h thy l at e e xpl o it Thy m archi ng and r e v e ng e it is m y t u rn To do t h e fighti ng : br e ath e awhil e gr e at chi e f Th e din o f tr u m p and pip e ar o s e with o u t Th e ty m b als s ou nd e d and t h e h o rs e m e n s du s t M ad e air pitch bl ack and e arth lik e e b o ny Th o u w o u ld s t h av e s aid : Th e s e Di am o nd s h ave life Th e s e m ac e s and th e s e j av e lins h av e t o ngu e s ! S h o u t s r o s e ar o u nd and arr o w s fl e dge d t h e air L ike v u lt u r e s wi ngs blo o d gr o u t e d h and t o hilt A nd S pu rt e d fr o m t h e m u rk ; th o u w o u ld s t h av e s aid Th e e arth will ri s e in w av e s and wh e l m t h e s k y A gr and s o n
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TH E S H A H N A M A ‘
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gu ilty o f t h e bl ack e s t cri me Wh o mu rde re ds t thy bro th e r fo r his cr o w n H as t th o u o bt ai ne d it ? Whith e r wilt th o u fl e e ? I bri ng th e e no w 0 ki ng a cr o w n and thr o ne Th e r o y al Tr e e h ath c o m e t o b e ari ng fr u it Fly no t t h e thr o ne o f gr e at ne s s ! F aridun H ath go t a ne w t hr o ne r e ady fo r thi ne u s e Th e tr e e which th o u h as t pl an t e d b e ar e th n o w A nd thy br e as t s h all r e c e i ve t h e pr o d u c e o f it I f th o r ns t h e tr e e w as pl an t e d by thy s e lf ; I f p ai nt e d s ilk t h e w e aving w as thi ne o w n A s th u s h e s p ak e h e u rg e d his s t e e d al o ng A nd in ano th e r m o m e nt o v e rt o o k A nd cl av e t h e ki ng asu nd e r fr o m t h e ne ck Th e n b ad e t h e h e ad b e s e t u p o n a s p e ar Whil e all ad m ir e d h is m ight and w arlik e arm S al m s tr o o p s w e r e s c att e r e d lik e a fl o ck by s no w A nd w and e r e d ai m l e s s ly in c o m p ani e s A m id t h e w as t e s t h e c av e rn s and t h e hills Th e y b ad e o ne w ary wi s e and e l o qu e nt To go t o M inuc h ih r fo rthwith and s ay We are thy s u bj e ct s all O n th e ir b e h alf : A nd o nly tr e ad t h e e arth t o do thy will A m o ng u s th e r e are s o m e p o s s e s s e d o f h e rd s To fight A nd s o m e o f tilth and p al ac e s W as no t o u r i nt e r es t b u t o u r ki ng s c o mm and ; We c am e as s o ldi e r s no t t o s e e k r e v e ng e We are t h e S hah s s l av e s no w and b o w o u r h e ads I f h e will e th To do h is will and pl e as u r e R e ve nge and bl o o d s h e d w e c an b u t s u b mit We all are g u iltl e s s and w e all c o m e in S o le t him do as s e e m e th g o o d t o h im Fo r h e is m as t e r o f o u r g u iltl e s s liv e s Thu s s p ak e t h e s ag e t h e chi e f in w o nd e r ans w e r e d I c as t m y p as s i o ns and e x alt m y nam e Th o u
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FA R I D (TN ’
2 29
G o d s is A hri m an s and e vil Be all s u ch b ani s h e d fr o m my s ight and m ay Th e d ivs b e p u ni s h e d fo r th e ir s i ns Y e all A re e ith e r fo e s o r fri e nds and m ine alli e s Bu t inno c e n t and g u ilty b o th are s p ar e d S i nc e G o d h ath giv e n u s vict o ry Tis t h e day O f j u s tic e wr o ng h ath c e as e d t h e l e ad e r s h e ad s A re s afe fr o m falli ng no w S e e k br o th e rh o o d A nd u s e it for a ch ar m pu t o ff fr o m y o u Th e i m pl e m e nt s o f w ar b e wi s e and p u r e I n F aith s e c u r e fr o m ill and b ani s h v e ng e anc e N o w in y o u r dw e lli ng s wh e r e s o e e r th e y b e I n Chin Turan o r in t h e l a nd o f R um Le t all t h e virt u e s fo r m y o u r p e d e s t al A nd b e y o u r h o m e s th o s e o f e nlight e ne d m i nd s Th e gr e at chi e fs pr ai s e d th at no bl e u pright pri nc e A nd pr o cl am ati o n i s s u e d fr o m h is t e nt Y e p al adi ns wh o s e c ou ns e l pr o s p e r e th ! S h e d no m o r e ne e dl e s s bl o o d t h e tyr ant s fo rt u ne s A re o v e rthr o w n Th e n all t h e tr o o p s o f Ch in F e ll pr o s tr at e br o u ght th e ir ar m s and g e ar o f war To M inuch ih r and as th e y p as s e d him pil e d A m o u nt ai n o f h o r s e ar m o u r h e l m s and br e as tpl at e s O f m ac e s and o f I n di an s ci m it ar s Whil e M inuch ih r t he chi e ft ai n gr aci o u s ly E ntr e at e d e ach o ne as h is r an k migh t b e Wh at
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th e n t h e S hah : Pr ai s e t o t h e c o nq u e ri ng W o rl d l o rd Fr o m wh o m are virt u e p o w e r and Gr ac e H is I s n o w o n Faridun th at wi s e br av e S hah Wh o h ath r e l e as e d u s fr o m t h e b o nd s o f ill A nd h ath t h e wi s d o m and t h e Gr ac e o f G o d We are av e nge d u p o n t h e c av ali e r s O f C h in We lay in am bu s h fo r th e ir liv e s S tr o ng in t h e S hah with o u r av e ngi ng s c i m i t ar s We s m o t e t h e h e ad s o ff th o s e u nright e o u s m e n Wh o b o th w e r e r e e ki ng with Iraj s bl o o d ; We p u rge d t h e s u rfac e o f t h e e arth with s t e e l Lo I am c o m i ng like t h e wi nd b e hi nd My l e tte r and will t e ll th e e all th at p as s e d H e s e n t S h irw i t h e as piri ng v e t e r an B ack t o t h e h o ld and s aid : Expl o r e t h e b o o ty Act as th o u s e e s t b e s t and t ak e t h e S hah Th e s p o il u p o n high cr e s t e d e l e ph ant s H e b ad e t h e dru m m e r s and t h e pip e r s far e F o rth fr o m t h e r o y al t e nt and fr o m t h at h o ld I n Ch in m arch e d i nl an d b ack t o F ar idun A s h e appr o ach e d Tam m is h a o n h is w ay Th e bl as t H is gr ands ir e l o ng e d t o l o o k at h im O f cl ari o ns as c e nd e d fr o m t h e g at e F ar idun Th e h o s t b e g an t o m arch ou t Th at m an o f w ak e fu l fo rtu ne d e ck e d t h e b ack s O f all t h e e l e ph ant s with t u rqu o i s e thr o ne s A nd g o ld e n litt e r s with br o c ad e and g e m s A w o rld o f b anne r s y e ll o w r e d and bl u e W av e d o ve rh e ad Th e h o s t m arch e d t o w ard S ar i Lik e bl ack cl ou d s fr o m t h e w at e r s o f G ilan With g o ld e n bridl e s and with go ld e n girdl e s With s ilv e r n s tirr u p s and wi t h go ld e n bu ckl e r s With tr e as u r e s e l e ph ant s and pr e ci o u s s t o r e s I n r e adine s s t o w e lc o m e M inuc h ihr
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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Th o u s aid s t : I am t h e A l mighty t h e j us t J u dg e Th e H e lp o f t h e o ppr e s s e d in th e ir di s tr e s s R ight h as t Th o u d o ne m e Th o u h as t h o lp e n m e A nd giv e n m e b o th cr o w n and S ig ne t ring God Th o u h as t gr ant e d m e m y wh o l e d e s ir e ; N o w t ak e m e t o t h e o th e r w o rld— a b e tt e r Th an this—b e c au s e I w o u ld no t th at m y s ou l S h o u ld t arry l o ng e r in thi s narr o w s ph e r e S h irwi t h e chi e ft ai n with t h e s p o il s appr o ach e d Th e p al ac e o f t h e S hah w h o l avi s h e d all Th e b o o ty o n t h e tr o o p s H e g av e dir e cti o ns Tw o d ay s e re Mihr fo r M imich ih r t o s it H e l m e d o n t h e thr o ne o f g o ld with h is o wn h and s Cro w ne d t h e y ou ng prin c e and g ave h is l as t c o mm and s ‘
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This d o ne t h e gre at ki ng s day and fo rt u ne ch ange d Th e l e afag e with e r e d o n t h e r o y al tr e e ; H e q u itt e d cr o wn and thr o ne and with t he h e ad s O f th o s e thr e e kings b e s id e h im liv e d in t e ar s A nd in au s t e riti e s : h is pl ai nt w as thi s My d ay s are ch ang e d and d ark e ne d by th e s e thr e e Wh o w e r e my h e art s d e light and gri e f with al Th u s s l ai n b e fo r e m e m i s e r ably in h atr e d A nd as m y fo e s w o u ld wi s h S u ch ill s b e fe ll th e m Thr o u gh th e ir p e rve r s ity and e vil d e e d s ; Th e y dis o be y e d m e and t h e w o rld fr o w ne d o n th e m H is h e art w as fu ll h is fac e all t e ar s till d e ath Th o u gh Faridri n is go ne th e r e is h is name S till l e ft thr o u gh all t h e ye ar s th at h ave p as s e d by ; ’
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FA Ri D liN
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H e w as m y s o n ! all e xc e ll e n c e and fam e O ne wh o fo u n d pr o fit in adv e r s ity ,
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Th e y m o u r ne d fo r F ar idun fo r s e v e n d ay s Up o n t h e e ighth S hah M inii ch ih r c am e fo rth A n d s e t t h e r o y al c ap u p o n his h e ad ; H e c o u nt e rch ar m e d t h e s p e ll o f s o rc e r e r s A nd r e igne d twic e s ixty y e ar s Th e p al adi ns Thr o u gh ou t t h e w o rld c all e d pr ai s e s d o w n o n h im Wh e n h e as s u m e d t h e cr o w n h e g av e t h e w o rld Gl ad ne w s o f j u s tic e F ai t h h u m anity O f go o d ne s s k no wl e dg e p u rity and s aid I s it e nthr o ne d u p o n t h e circli ng s ph e r e Di s p e ns ing l o v e and j u s tic e wr ath and s trife E arth is m y thr all h e av e n m i ne ally t h e h e ad s O f ki ngs m y qu arry Mine are F aith and Gr ac e Mine t o b e s t o w g o o d fo r t u ne and t o h ar m I wr e ak r e v e ng e by nigh t ; t h e r agi ng fi re 2 o n Up B ar z in am I and l o rd o f s ci m it ar A nd g o ld e n b o o t I s e t u p Kaw a s s t and ard A nd light t h e cl o u d s I dr aw m y s w o rd and giv e N 0 qu art e r o n t h e b attl e fi e ld My h and s B e c o m e a b o u nt e o u s o c e an wh e n I fe as t Bu t wh e n I m o u nt my s t e e d my br e ath is fi re M HP i Th nam f Fir t mpl 9 and n t
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TH E S H A H N A M A
2 38
I
PI RDA U S I
'
OF
the
pr actic e o f t h e wick e d s h o rt A nd m ak e t h e e arth a re d br o c ad e o f bl o o d I wi e ld t h e m ac e I ill u s tr at e t h e cr o w n A nd light t h e ki ngd o m fr o m m ine iv o ry thr o ne ; Ye t in d e s pit e o f all I am a s l av e A s e rv ant o f t h e M ak e r o f t h e w o rld S m it e w e o u r fac e s with o u r h and s and w e e p Le t all o u r c o nv e r s ati on b e o f G o d O f wh o m w e h o ld t h e cr o w n t h e thr o ne and h o s t We giv e H im pr ai s e and H e is o u r d e fe nc e We tr e ad t h e p ath o f Faridii n t h e bl e s t O u r gr and s ir e : h e w as o ld b u t w e are y o u ng Wh o e v e r in t h e s e v e n cli m e s o f e arth D e p art e th fr o m t h e Way ab ando ne t h Th e F aith infl ic t e t h h u rt o n m e ndic ant s O ppr e s s e th any o ne o f his o w n k in U plift e t h in t h e prid e o f w e alth h is h e ad O r c au s e th s o rr o w t o t h e s u ffe ri ng All s u ch are infi de ls in m y r e g ard A nd w o r s e th an e vil d o i ng A hri m an All e v il d o e r s th at h o ld no t t h e F aith A re b anne d by G o d and u s : h e r e aft e r w e Will pu t o u r h and u p o n t h e s ci m it ar A nd in o u r v e ng e an c e d e s o l at e th e ir r e al m All m e n o f nam e thr o u gh o u t t h e e arth i nv o k e d Th e ir bl e s s i ng s o n h im with o ne v o ic e and s aid Thy gl o ri o u s gr and s ir e O b e nignan t S hah T au ght th e e t h e c o nd u ct o f t h e thr o ne and cr o w n Be e v e r thi ne t h e thr o n e o f m ighty m e n O u r h e art s Th e cr o w n and archi m ag e s Gr ac e O b e y thy w o rd o u r s ou l s are pl e dg e d t o th e e Th e r e at r o s e S am t h e chi e f o f p al adins O j u dg e m os t j u s t ! A nd s aid t o M inuc h ihr : I fr o m t h e S hah s h av e g o tt e n e y e s t o s e e A nd s e e t h e e j u s t : my p art is t o appl au d cu t
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TH E S H A H N A M A
PI R DA U S I
’
OF
N o w S am w as childl e s s and in th at r e g ard I n ne e d o f s ol ac e O ne am o ng h is wiv e s A B e au ty r o s y ch e e k e d with m u s ky h air G ave him t he h o p e o f o ffs pri ng fo r th at M o o n Was s u n fac e d rip e and w as with child by h im A nd gri e v o u s ly s h e s u ffe r e d with h e r b u rd e n Wh e n m any d ay s h ad p as s e d t h e b ab e w as b o r n A B e au ty lik e t h e w o rld illu m i ng s u n A nd lik e it t o o in l o v e li ne s s o f fac e ; Bu t all his h air w as whit e and s i n c e tw as s o Th e y k e pt t h e thi ng fr o m S am fo r o ne wh o l e w e e k Th e w o m e n o f th at fam o u s p al adi n W e pt in t h e pr e s e n c e o f t h e littl e child Bu t no t o n e d ar e d t o t e ll t h e h e r o S am Th at h is fair s p ou s e h ad b o rne a h o ary b ab e A no n t h e i nfant s n u r s e w ith li o n s c o u r ag e C am e u nab as he d b e fo r e t h e p al adi n A s o ne w h o br o u ght g o o d ne w s bl e s s e d h im and s aid : M ay S am t h e h e r o s d ay s b e fo rt u nat e A nd m ay h is fo e m e n s h e art s b e r o o t e d o u t ! G o d h ath b e s t o w e d o n th e e wh at th o u did s t as k Th e v e ry gift wh e r e o n thy s o u l w as s e t B e hi nd thy cu rt ain s e e k e r aft e r gl o ry ! Thy m o o n fac e d s p o u s e h ath b orne a s t ai nl e s s s o n A p al adin a child o f li o n h e art A b oy o f s pirit fas hi o ne d o f p u r e s ilv e r A nd with t w o ch e e k s th at fav o u r P ar adi s e Th ou w ilt no t s e e a fau lty p ar t in him E xc e pt thi s bl e m i s h — th at his h air is whit e S o h e av e n will e d O s e e k e r aft e r gl o ry ! C ont e nt th e e and b e no t m o r o s e and th ankl e s s Th e h o r s e m an s am d e s c e nd e d fr o m h is thr o ne ; H e w e n t b e hi nd t h e c u rt ai n t o Y o u ng S pri ng A nd s aw a g o o dly b oy with h o ary h e ad .
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M IN
t
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a
N o ne h ath b e h e ld o r h e ard o f s u ch h is h air R e s e m bl e d s no w and y e t h is ch e e k s w e r e ru ddy S am at th at s ight d e s p air e d Gr e at w as h is fe ar O f c o m i ng s h am e ; h e l e ft t h e p ath o f wi s d o m Fo r c o u r s e s o f h is o w n l o o k e d u p t o h e av e n A nd pr ay e d t o b e fo rgiv e n his o ffe n c e O Th o u h e s aid ab o v e all h ar m and l o s s ! Go o d e ve r c o m e th o f Thi ne o rdi nanc e I f I h av e s i nne d by any gri e v o u s s in O r yi e ld e d t o t h e faith o f A hri m an Oh ! m ay t h e Al m ighty h e ark e n t o m y pr ay e r A nd in H is s e cr e t c ou ns e ls p ard o n m e My tr o u bl e d m ind is writhing fo r s h e e r s h am e Th e h o t bl o o d is a ti ngl e in m y v e i ns Fo r thi s br at lik e a br at o f A hri m an With d ark e y e s and with h air lik e j e s s amine Wh e n any no bl e s c o m e t o s p e ak with m e A nd s e t th e ir e y e s o n thi s ill o m e ne d c u b Wh at s h all I s ay th at thi s d iv s b an tli ng is A fay o r l e o p ar d with it s s p o t s ? Th e gr e at Will l au gh at m e in p u bli c and in priv at e Till s h am e s h all m ak e m e c u rs e and qu it Iran H e s p ak e in wr ath with fr o wns and r ail e d at fo rt u ne Th e n b ad e s o m e t ak e t h e child and c arry it B e yo nd th o s e fi e ld s and fe ll s and far aw ay Th e r e w as a c e rt ai n m o u nt ai n nam e d Alb u r z Nigh t o t h e s u n and far r e m o ve d fr o m m e n Wh e r e t h e S imu rgh h ad ne s t e d fo r t h e pl ac e Was u ninh abit e d Th e y l e ft t h e child Up o n t h e m ou nt ain and r e tu r ne d Ti m e p as s e d Whil e fo r no fau lt t h e i nfant p al adi n Unabl e t o di s ting u i s h bl ack fr o m white Was o u tc as t fr o m h is fath e r s l o ve ; b u t H e Wh o fo s t e re t h all t o o k u p t h e c as t aw ay .
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TH E S H A H N A M A
’
O F F I RDA U S I
O nc e
wh e n t h e li o ne s s h e r c u b h ad fe d If I s h o u ld giv e th e e m y h e art s bl o o d s h e s aid I s h o u ld no t l o o k fo r th ank s I liv e in th e e ; My h e ar t w o u ld br e ak if th o u s h o u ld s t br e ak with m e Thr ou gh o u t t h e e xp ans e o f e arth t h e b e as t s w e fi nd M o r e t e nd e r t o th e ir yo u ng th an are m ankind Th e b ab e r e m aine d wh e r e thr o wn e xp o s e d b o th day A nd night H e s u ck e d h is fi nge r e nd s and w ail e d N o w wh e n t h e y o u ng S imu rgh s gr e w r av e no u s Th e m o th e r s o arin g o e r h e r n e s t b e h e ld E arth lik e a h e avi ng s e a and w aili ng th e r e A child r o ck cr adl e d with t h e d u s t fo r nu rs e H is b o dy b ar e h is lip s u nw e t with m ilk Th e d ark dr e ar s o il ab o u t h im and ab o v e Th e no o nd ay s u n Wo u ld th at h e h ad h ad p ard s Fo r dam and s ir e h e h ad at l e as t b e e n s h ad e d Th e L o rd g av e l o vi ng i ns ti nct s t o th at fo wl Which th o u ght no t t o d e v o u r t h e child h e r s e lf Bu t s w o o p e d d o wn fr o m t h e cl o u d s and wi t h h e r t al o ns T o o k u p t h e i nfant fr o m t h e h e at e d r o ck s Th e n b ar e h im qu ickly o ff t o M o u n t Alb u r z Wh e r e w e r e h e r ne s t and y o u ng for th e m t o t e ar R e g ardl e s s o f his cri e s ; b u t G o d w h o giv e th All g o o d h ad r u th o n h im h is lo t w as o th e r ; Fo r wh e n t h e fo wl and all h e r br o o d b e h e ld Th at i nfant w h o w as w e e pi ng t e ars o f bl o o d Th e y l avi s h e d l o v e o n him in w o ndr o u s wi s e A s t oni e d at h is g o o dly fac e Th e bird Ch o s e fo r him all t h e t e nd e r e s t pr e y and m ad e H e r littl e g u e s t s u ck bl o o d ins t e ad o f m ilk L o ng w as h e l o s t t o s ight b u t wh e n h e c ame To m an s e s t at e a c ar av an p as s e d by A nd s aw on e lik e a no bl e cypr e s s tr e e H is br e as t a s ilve r m ou nt h is w ai s t a r e e d ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
I ncline t o H im
The
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o f all
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xt day and in s o r e di s tr e s s S am w e nt t o M ou nt Alb u r z and wh e n night c ame S l e pt ill at e as e H e s aw a s t and ard r ai s e d Ab o v e t h e I ndi an m o u nt ai ns and a yo u th O f b e au t e o u s vi s ag e with a m ighty h o s t Up o n h is l e ft an arch m age o n h is righ t A s ag e o f no bl e as p e ct O f th e s e tw ai n O ne c am e t o S am and s aid in chilli ng t o ne s A u d aci ou s m an and i m pi ou s in thine ai ms ! I s th e r e no fe ar o f G o d b e fo r e thi ne e y e s ? I f t o thy m in d a bird is nu r s e e n o u gh Wh at b o o t e t h it t o b e ap al adi n ? I f whit e h air b e a b l e m i s h in a m an Thy b e ard and h e ad h av e gro wn lik e wi ll o w l e aves G o d gav e th e e s u ch and s u ch thing s : why h as t th o u By thi ne i nj u s tic e fr u s tr at e d t h e gift Abh o r t hy M ak e r th e n fo r day by day Thy b o dy ch ang e th h u e Th o u did s t d e s pis e Thy s o n w h o is t h e fo s t e rling o f Go d Th e kindli e s t N u r s e fo r h im A s fo r thy s e lf L o v e is no t in th e e S am r o ar e d o u t in s l e e p A s wh e n a m ighty li o n is e ns n ar e d ; H e fe ar e d th at dr e am p o rt e nd e d ch as tis e m e nt Fr o m d e s ti ny Ar o u s e d h e c all e d t o him The m e n o f l o r e and b ad e t h e chi e fs t o h o r s e H e c am e in h as t e t o w ard t h e mo u nt ain p e ak To s e e k his c as t aw ay and th e r e b e h e ld A h e ight wh 0 s e t o p was m id s t t h e Pl e i ade s I t will o b s tr u ct Th o u w o u lds t h av e s aid : s t ar s U p o n t h e t o p w as b u ilt a l o fty ne s t Wh e r e S at u rn s infl u e nc e c ou ld no t i nj u re it ; So
ne
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M IN
UCH I H R
'
24
3
T all p os t s o f e bo ny and s and al w o o d L ac e d with lign al o e s t ay e d it u nd e rne ath S am g az e d in w o nd e r o n th at s t o ny p e ak O n th at m aj e s tic bird and w e ird ab o d e Th e b u ildi ng r e ach e d t o S pic a and w as r ai s e d With o u t h and lab o u r with no s t o ne s and e arth A y ou th s t o o d th e r e —t h e c o u nt e rp art o f sam Who w atch e d h im as h e w alke d ab o u t t he ne s t Th e n l aid h is che e k s u p o n t h e gr o u nd and g av e Th anks t o t h e M ake r in th at H e h ad m ad e S u ch bird u p o n t h e m o u nt ai n and h ad r ai s e d I t s s t o ny s u m m it t o t h e Pl e i ad e s Ac kno wle dgi ng : H e is a right e o u s J u dg e All p o w e rfu l and high e r th an t h e high H e s o u ght t o fi nd a p ath o r any tr ack Wh e r e by t h e wild b e as t s s c al e d t h e pr e cipic e ; A nd w alk e d ar o u n d t h e mo u nt ain givi ng th ank s Bu t s aw no way to cli m b it H e e xcl ai m e d O Th o u ab o v e all pl ac e o e r s u n and m o on A nd s hi ni ng r ai nb o w ! I pr o s tr ate m y s e lf B e fo r e The e p ou ring o u t my s o u l in aw e I f thi s y o u th s pri ng e th fr o m m y l o i ns i nd e e d N o t fr o m t h e s e e d o f e vil A hri m an A s s is t thy s e r v ant t o as c e nd this h e ight A nd s h o w m e me rcy s i nfu l as I am Thu s pr ay e d h e t o t h e J u s t i h is pr ay e r w as gr ant e d Wh e n t h e S imu rgh l o o k e d fro m t he h e ight an d s aw S am with h is c o m p any s h e kne w th at th e y C am e no t fo r l o ve o f h e r b u t fo r t h e y o u th Th o u wh o h as t s e e n t h e u ne as e To wh o m s h e s aid : I am t h e o nly nu r s e O f nid e and ne s t Th at fo s t e r e d th e e t h e s ou rc e o f all thy w e al A nd g av e t o th e e t he nam e D as ta n 1 Z and 1 B e c au s e thy s ir e d e alt with th e e tr e ach e r o u s ly -
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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C o mm and thy v ali ant g u id e t o c all th e e s o Wh e n th ou re t u rne s t h o m e Thy s ir e is s am Th e h e r o p al adi n o f p al adins A n d m os t e x alt e d o f t h e m ighty m e n H e h ath c o m e hi t h e r s e archi ng fo r h is s o n A nd with him high e s t at e h ath c o m e t o th e e N o w mu s t I t ak e th e e u p and b e ar th e e b ack Uns c athe d t o h im H e li s t e ne d whil e s h e s p ak e H is e y e s w e r e fill e d with t e ar s his h e art w as s ad Th ou gh h e h ad s e e n no m an s till h e h ad l e ar ne d O f h e r t o s p e ak in acc e nt s like h e r o w n With mu ch o f wi s d o m and o f anci e nt l o r e ; Th u s h ad h e l angu ag e wi s d o m and right r e d e A nd l o o k e d t o G o d fo r s u cc ou r N o w o b s e rv e H is ans w e r t o t h e fo wl : H as t th o u in tr u th B e c o m e aw e ary o f m y c o m p any Thy ne s t is u nt o m e a s hining thr o ne Thy pi ni o ns are my gl o ri o u s di ad e m A nd n e xt t o G o d I o w e m y th ank s t o th e e Fo r th o u h as t t u rne d my h ards hip i nt o e as e I f o n c e th o u d o s t b e h o ld Th e bird r e pli e d : Th e cr o w n t h e thr o n e and d o ings o f t h e c o u rt Thi s ne s t will s e e m t o th e e o f s m all acc o u nt M ak e b u t o ne tri al o f t h e w ay s o f fat e I do no t s e nd th e e h e nc e in e nm ity ; I w o u ld fai n I p as s th e e t o a ki ng s hip H av e k e pt th e e h e r e with m e b u t fo r thys e lf B e ar thi s pl u m e o f m ine To go is b e tt e r Ab ou t with the e and s o abid e b e ne ath H e nc e fo rth if m e n Th e s h ad o w o f my Gr ac e S h all h u rt o r right o r wr o ng e xcl ai m ag ai ns t th e e Th e n b u rn t h e fe ath e r and b e h o l d my m ight Fo r I h av e ch e ri s h e d th e e b e ne ath my pl u m e s A nd br o u ght th e e u p am o ng m y littl e o ne s .
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TH E
A H H A A N M s
’
O F PI R DA U S I
Bu t
will fu lfil thy wi s h e s g o o d and b ad H e nc e fo rth thy will s h all b e m y r u l e o f right H e cl o th e d t h e y o u ng m an lik e a p al adi n A n d t u r n e d t o l e av e t h e m o u n t ai n h avi ng r e ach e d Th e pl ain h e ch o s e a ch arg e r fo r his s o n A s w e ll as r o y al r obe s fo r h im t o w e ar l — A nd g av e t o h im t h e n am e o f z al i Z ar Th o u g h t h e S im u rgh c all e d h im at fir s t D as ta n Th e n all t h e tr o o p s with gl ad ne s s in th e ir h e art s S ou ght S am Th e dr u m m e r s le d o n e l e ph ant s A n d d u s t r o s e lik e a m o u n t o f i ndigo Th e r e w as a s o u nd o f dr u m s and cl ari o ns O f g o ld e n g o ngs an d I ndi an b e ll s whil e all Th e h o r s e m e n s h o u t e d Th u s th e y j o u r ne ye d h o m e Until all j o yfu lly th e y p as s e d withi n Th e city gr e at e r by o ne p al adi n .
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§4 H o w M inaehihr t oo k K nowledge
S am
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h ath r e tu r ne d in tri u m ph fro m Albu r z ! S u ch tidi ng s fr o m z ab u l c am e t o t h e S hah Wh o j o ye d e xc e e di ngly : t h e M ak e r s nam e Was o ft e n o n h is lip s H e h ad t w o s o ns B o th w e ll b e l o v e d o ne hight N au d ar t h e o th e r Z aras p b o th br av e and wi s e and b o th e n d o w e d Wi t h Gr ac e and F aith b o th lik e A z argas h as p Up o n t h e pl ain H e s aid : Le t fam e d N and ar G o wi t h d e s p atch t o S am and l o o k u p o n H is child th at h ath b e e n nu rt u r e d in a ne s t C o ngr atu l at e h im o n t h e S hah s b e h alf Up o n t h e j o y t h at h ath r e v e al e d it s e lf : ld th in ll i n t h i w hit h i r s am
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M IN
UCH IH R
24
9
bid h im c o m e in p e r s o n t o t h e S hah To t e ll h is t al e and aft e rw ard s d e p art H o m e lik e a l o yal li e ge N o w wh e n N au dar R e ach e d s am t h e s o n o f N ar im an h e s aw Th e n e w y o u ng p al adi n Th e n S am t h e h o r s e man A l ight e d and N au dar and h e e m br ac e d s am as k e d ab o u t t h e S hah and chi e fs N au dar D e live r e d all th e ir gr e e ti ngs S am o n h e aring Th e m e s s ag e o f t h e gr e at king ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd A nd h as t e d as c o mm and e d t o t h e c o u rt Wh e n h e dr e w ne ar t h e S hah w e nt o u t t o m e e t h im S am s aw t h e fl ag o f M inuc h ih r di s m o u nt e d A nd w e nt afo o t H e ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd and s aid Fo r e v e r liv e gl ad and o f ard e nt s o u l ! Bu t M imi ch ih r b ad e th at tr u e h e art e d m an Th at w o r s hipp e r o f G o d t o m o u nt agai n Th e y w e nt t o w ard t h e p al ac e M inrich ih r S at d o wn with gr e at r ej o ici ng o n t h e thr o ne A nd pl ac e d t h e r o y al cr o wn u p o n h is h e ad O n this s id e s at Kar an o n th at s id e S am B o th gl ad and w e ll c o nt e nt Th e ch am b e rl ai n Appr o ach e d with s t at e ly s t e p and br o u ght in zal E qu ipp e d with g o ld e n m ac e and go ld e n cr o w n Th e S hah m ark e d with am az e th at l o fty s t at u r e A nd g o o dly fac e , t h e ab o d e as th o u w o u ld s t s ay H e s aid t o S am O f life and l o v e S afe g u ard
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h im Fo r m y s ak e ne v e r giv e h im ne e dl e s s Bu t fi nd thy h appi ne s s in h im al o ne ,
p ai n
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Fo r h e
h ath r oy al Gr ac e and li o n s cl aw s Th e wi s e m an s h e art t h e pr u d e nc e o f t h e o ld T e ach h im o u r c u s t o m s b o t h in w ar and fe as t ; Bird ne s t and h e ight h e k no w e th ; c an he k no w Wh at h o no u r and c0 u rt u s age s de m and ’
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TH E S H A H N A M A
’
OF
PI RDA 0 5 1
Th e n S am t o ld all t h e s t o ry t o th e S hah Ab o u t t h e l o fty m ou nt ain and S imu rgh A nd h o w t h e pr e ci o u s o ne w as l o dg e d and nu rt u r e d Wi t hin t h e ne s t till h e c o u ld fe e d hi m s e lf ; T o ld wh e r e fo r e h e h ad c as t t h e child aw ay A nd s aid th u s : H e av e n r e v o lve d ab o v e m y h e ad For m any y e ar s ; t h e w o rld at l e ngth w as fill e d With s tr ang e r e p o rt s o f z al and t h e S im u rgh C o mm and e d by t h e L o rd o f all t h e w o rld I w e n t t o M o u n t Alb u r z —no e as y pl ac e A nd s aw a m o u n t ai n p e ak am o ng t h e cl ou d s ; Th o u w o u ld s t h av e s aid : I t is a d o m e o f flin t Up o n a s e a ! Th e ne s t lik e s o m e t all p al ac e Was th e r e w e ll fe nc e d fro m h ar m o n e v e ry s id e With z al and with t h e y o u ng o f t h e S im u rgh Withi n it : th ou h ad s t s aid Th e y are o ne br o o d H is br e ath e xh al e d t h e v e ry s c e n t o f l ev e A nd e v e ry th o u ght o f h im r ej oi c e d m y h e art Oft ran I r ou nd t h e M ou nt b u t p at h w as no ne A y e ar ning fo r m y l o s t s o n c am e t o m e ; My h e art b u r ne d s o th at life w as w e ll nigh go ne I pr ay e d in s e cr e t t o t h e h o ly J u dg e R e s o u rc e o f m e n wi t h o u t a w an t Thys e lf ! Thy wit ne s s d o th e xt e nd t o e ve ry pl ac e A nd h e av e n t u r ne th o nly at Thy w o rd A s l ave am I wh o s e h e art is fu ll o f s in B e fo r e t h e M as t e r o f t h e s u n and m o o n ; My h o p e is in Thy m e rcy— th at al o ne : I h av e no o th e r gr o u nd o f c o nfid e nc e Thi s s l av e o f Thi ne —t h e fo s t e r e d o f t h e fo wl Br o u ght u p in m i s e ry and wr e tch e d ne s s Wh o b at h b u t s ki ns t o w e ar i ns t e ad o f s ilk A nd s u ck e t h raw fl e s h n o t h is m o th e r s br e as t R e s t o r e t o m e ! Dis cl os e fo r m e a w ay To h im and cu t thi s pr e s e nt tr ou bl e s h o rt ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
2 52
PI R DA U S I
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OF
ci m it ar s with g o ld e n s h e ath s O ffu r s and go ld o f j e w e l s and br o c ad e O f c arp e t s al s o an ab u nd ant s t o r e O f R u m an s lav e b o y s in br o c ad e o f Ram With j e w e ll e d p att e rns o n a go ld e n gr o u nd O f b o wl s o f e m e r ald and t u rqu o i s e c u p s O f o th e r s o f p u r e s ilve r and re d g o ld C o nt aini ng s affr o n m u s k and c am ph o r : th e s e Th e s e rvant s br o u ght with s u it s o f m ail and c as q u e s H o rs e ar m o u r l anc e s m ac e s b o w s and arr o w s A thr o ne o f t u rqu o i s e and a cr o wn o f g o ld A r u by S ig ne t ri ng and g o ld e n girdl e Ano n t h e m o narch h ad a p at e n t dr aw n Lik e P ar adis e —all pr ai s e —inv es ti ng s am With M ai o f Hi nd D anb ar Kab u li s t an All fr o m t h e I nd u s t o t h e s e a o f Chin A nd fr o m Zzi b u l u p t o t h e s tr e am o f B u s t Dr aw n s trictly in acc o rd t o pr e c e d e nt Th e p at e n t writt e n and t h e gift s pr e p ar e d Th e y o rd e r e d o u t t h e ho r s e s fo r th at chi e f O f p al adi ns w h o ri s i ng s p ak e and s aid O ch o s e n l o rd o f j u s tic e and o f right ! Kno w th at b e tw e e n t h e M o o n and Fi s h no S hah Like th e e e e r w o r e t h e cr o w n ; thy g o o d ne s s pr u d e nc e Be ne fi c e nc e and r e d e r ej o ic e t h e age I n th ine e y e s all t h e w o rld s w e alth is d e s pi s e d M ay m e n r e m e m b e r no o ne s n am e b u t thi ne H e th e n adv anc e d and ki s s e d t h e thr o ne Th e y b o u nd The k e ttl e dr u m s u p o n t h e e l e ph ant s Th e t o w ns A nd s t art e d fo r z ab u lis t an A nd vill ag e s t u rne d o u t t o g az e Wh e n S am Appr o ach e d N im ri i z tw as br u i t e d th at t h e prin c e Th e l u s tr e o f t h e w o rld —h ad c o m e with pr e s e nt s A cr o w n o f g o ld gr ant p at e nt and g o ld girdl e O f I ndi an
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M I N rIc H I H R
S is tan w as
d e ck e d thr o u gh ou t lik e P ar adis e ; I t s brick s w e r e g o ld and all it s s o il p u r e m u s k Th e y fl u ng ab o u t d inar s m u s k drachms and s affr o n A nd m ad e a h o lid ay fo r all alik e Th e as piri ng chi e fs fr o m all s id e s w e nt t o S am A nd s aid : M ay this y o u th s s t e p s pr o v e fo rt u nat e Fo r t h e e blith e h e art e d fam o u s p al adi n A nd as th e y bl e s s e d h im s h o w e r e d g e m s o e r Zit l Fo r e ach m an w o rthy w as a gift pr e p ar e d A r o b e o f h ono u r s u it e d t o h is s t ati o n A s b e i ng e m i ne nt in r ank o r l o r e Whil e e m u l ati on c au s e d all h o p e s t o s o ar '
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§
6
H o w S am gave the K ingdom to Z a l ’
Th e r e aft e r s am s e t fo rth b e fo r e his s o n Th e v ari o u s virt u e s th at ad o r n a kin g A nd h avi ng c all e d t h e fath e r s o f t h e r e al m H ar ang u e d th e m in s e t t e r m s at l arg e and s aid Ye h o ly archi m ag e s wi s e o f h e art O u r m o narch in his wi s d o m o rd e r e th Th at I s h o u ld m arch u p o n M a z and ara n 1 h a n s r a Ag i t t e Ka g s ars I t ak e with m e A m ighty h o s t ; my s o n—m i ne o w n h e art s bl o o d A nd p art ne r o f m y life —abid e th h e r e I in t h e d ay s o f y o u th and arr o g anc e Pr o nou nc e d a m o ns tr o u s s e n t e nc e o n t h e b oy G o d g av e t o m e a s o n : I c as t him o u t I n ig no r anc e no t w o ttin g o f his w o rth H im t h e S im u rgh th at no bl e bird b ar e o ff H im t o o t h e M ak e r p as s e d no t by m s c o r n ,
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54
PI RDA U S I
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TH E S H A H N A M A
OF
Wh at I d e s pi s e d was pr e ci o u s t o t h e fo wl Which r e ar e d h im till h e s e e me d a l o fty c ypre s s A nd wh e n t h e ti m e for p ard o n c am e t h e L o rd Of all t h e w o rld —G o d—g av e h im b ack t o m e R e g ard him as my r e pr e s e nt ativ e A s m i ne o w n s e lf c o mm itt e d t o y ou r ch arg e ; I l e av e t o y o u t o t e ach him wh at is g o o d A nd ki ndl e e v e ry virtu e in h is br e as t H old h im in h o no u r giv e h im s o u nd advic e I m p art g o o d pri ncipl e s and l o fty ai m s Fo r as t h e S hah c o mm and e th I d e p ar t With o th e r chi e fs ag ai ns t o u r e ne m i e s H e t u r ne d t o z al and s aid : Be p e ac e fu l j u s t A nd lib e r al h o ld z ab ulis t an as h o m e A nd all thi ng s th e r e as s u bj e ct t o thy will Be thi ne t o m ak e t h e h o m e m o r e b e au tifu l A nd fri e nd s m o r e h appy Of m y tr e as u r e h o ard s I l e av e t h e k e y with th e e thy g ai n is w e al Thy l o s s is w o e t o m e I n fe as t and fight DO wh at s o e e r thy bright s o u l h o ld e th go o d z al ans w e r e d : C an I liv e o n h e r e I f o ne Was e v e r b o r n de fe ctive it w as I Pu t m e no t fu rth e r A nd I h av e c au s e t o w ail Th an e v e r fr o m th e e no w th at p e ac e h ath c o m e Whil e I w as ne ath t h e t al o ns o f t h e bird S u ck e d bl o o d and far e d in d u s t dw e lt in a ne s t A nd h ad a fo wl fo r fri e nd I w as e s t e e m e d A fo wl my s e lf ; b u t s h e th at fo s t e r e d m e I s far aw ay S u ch is fat e s fo s t e ri ng ! I h av e no p o rti o n o f t h e r o s e b u t th o rns A nd m u s t s u b m it s am ans w e r e d : Be at e as e Le t thy h e art r e s t ; c o mm and wh at e e r tho u wilt Th e as tr o l o ge r s d e cl ar e a gr aci o u s p u rp o s e C o nc e r ning th e e — th at h e r e s h all b e thy h o me ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
H ow Zcil
O ne day z si
vis it e d
OF
P IRDA U S i
M ihrab of K abu l
fo rth o n a r o y al pr o gr e s s With chi e fs att ach e d t o h im in r e d e and F ait h To V i e w Kab u l D u nb ar M argh M ai and I nd At e ve ry s t age h e s e t h im u p a thr o ne A nd c all e d fo r wi ne and h arp and m ins tr e l s y H e l avi s h e d tr e as u r e and i nd u lg e d in pl e as u r e A s is t h e fas hi o n in thi s W ays id e I nn A nd r e ach e d Kab u l with gl ad ne s s i n h is h e art The r e w as a c e rt ain m o narch hight Mihrab A w e althy and s u cc e s s fu l p o t e nt at e I n s t at u r e lik e a no bl e cypr e s s tre e With ch e e k s lik e s pringtid e and with ph e as ant s H e h ad a s ag e s h e art a ru l e r s br ain A w arri o r s s h ou ld e r s and arc h m age s s e ns e D e s c e nd e d fr o m Z ahh ak h e r u l e d Kabu l Bu t h avi ng no t t h e p o w e r t o fight wi t h S am P aid ye arly tribu t e H e ari ng th at s a m s s o n H ad c o m e h e l e ft Kab u l at d aw n with tr e as u r e With s t e e d s c ap ari s o ne d s l av e b o y s d inar s M u s k r u bi e s s pic e ry br o c ad e o f g o ld S ilk s b e av e r s ki ns a r o y al j e w e ll e d cr o w n A nd g o ld e n t o rqu e with e m e r ald o r name nt s H e t o o k t h e chi e fs and ar my o f Kab u l Tiding s r e ach e d t h e s o n o f S am A s e s c o rt Th e s t at e ly chi e f is c o mi ng in his s t at e z al w e nt t o m e e t and gr e e t h im c ou rt e o u s ly With e v e ry h o nou r du e I n m e rry m o o d Th e y c am e t o g e th e r t o t h e t u rqu o is e thr one ; A t abl e fit fo r p al adin s w as s pr e ad A nd all s at d o w n with gl ad ne s s t o t he fe as t s et
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UOE I H R
M IN
’
Th e r e whil e c u p b e ar e r s h and e d c u p s and wi ne Mihrab o b s e rve d t h e s o n o f s am o n wh o m H e j oy e d t o g az e and wh o m h e l o ng e d t o s e rv e z al s wit and pru d e nc e m ad e Mihrab e xcl ai m H is m o th e r is i mm o rt al 1 Wh e n Mihrab R o s e fr o m t h e b o ard Z eil m ark e d his m i e n and limb s Wh o gird e th him A nd s aid b e fo r e t h e chi e fs : M o r e gr ac e fu lly ? Wh o h ath s u ch m i e n and c arri ag e M e n w ou ld pr o no u nc e h im m atchl e s s in t h e fight O ne o f t h e no bl e chi e ft ai ns s aid t o zal : H e h ath a d au ght e r in h is h o u s e wh o s e fac e I s fair e r th an t h e s u n lik e iv o ry Fr o m h e ad t o fo o t with ch e e ks lik e P aradi s e Two m u s ky ri ngl e t s A nd as a t e ak in h e ight F all o e r h e r s ilve r n ne ck t h e e nd s o f th e m Wo u ld s e rv e fo r ankl e ring s H e r ch e e k s are lik e P o m e gr anat e bl o s s o ms s h e h ath ch e rry lip s H e r s ilv e r n br e as t s b e ar t w o p o m e gr anat e gr ai ns H e r e y e s are twi n n arci s s i in a g ard e n Th e ir l as h e s bl ackne s s r apt fr o m r ave n s plu m e s H e r br o w s are like t wo b o w s m ad e at T ara z Whipp e d with t h e p u r e s t m u s k If th o u w o u ld s t s e e k A m o o n th e r e is h e r fac e ; if th o u w o u ld s t s c e nt Th e m u s k th e r e is h e r h air Fr o m h e ad t o fo o t S h e 1 s as P ar adi s e — all m u s ic ch ar m A nd b e au ty Thi s r ai s e d t u mu lt in t h e h e art Of zal and r e s t and r e as on fl e d fr o m h im ; H e th o u ght Th e r e is no d o u bt th at thi s fair m aid I s lik e t h e s u n and m o o n fo r s i nc e t h e s ir e I s c o m e ly s till h o w fair t h e child m u s t b e Night c am e ; z si s at in s ad and anxio u s th ou ght C onc e r ne d fo r h e r wh o m h e h ad ne v e r s e e n Bu t wh e n t h e s u n s r ays s tr u ck t h e m o u nt ai n t o p s -
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TH E S H A H N A M A O F PI R DA U S I '
2 58
’
A nd m ad e t h e
w o rld whit e cry s t al h e g av e au di e nc e A nd w arri o r s with th e ir g o ld e n s c abb ard s c am e To gr ac e t h e p o rt al o f t h e p al adi n A s th e s e gr e at m e n w e r e c alli ng fo r th e ir s t e e d s Mihrab t h e r u l e r o f Kab u l appr o ach e d Th e t e nt o f z sl t h e r u l e r o f zab u l Wh e n h e arriv e d t h e w o rd w as : Cl e ar t h e w ay Fr e s h in his b e au ty as a l ad e n fr u it tr e e H e c am e t o zal w h o w e lc o m e d h im with j o y G av e h im t h e chi e fe s t r o o m an d s aid : R e qu e s t Wh at e e r th ou wilt thr o ne S ig ne t s w o rd o r cr o w n Mihra b r e pli e d : E x alt e d c o nqu e ring king Bu t o ne d e s ir e h av e I Wh os e w o rd is law A n d th at an e as y o ne fo r th e e t o gr an t Th at th o u b e pl e as e d t o vi s it m e and m ak e My s ou l bright as t h e s u n Z al s aid : N ot so Thy p al ac e is no t o ne th at I m ay v i s it Fo r S am w o u ld n o t appr o v e n o r w o u ld t h e S hah O f u s fo r dri nki ng wi ne and g e tti ng dr u nk With id o l w o r s hipp e r s S av e thi s r e qu e s t We gr ant th e e all and j o y t o s e e thy fac e O n h e ari ng thi s Mihrab did r e v e r e nc e Bu t in his h e art c all e d z zu an infid e l Th e n s t r o d e fo rth bl e s s i ng m u ch t h e s o n o f S am Wh o as h e w e nt pr ai s e d him as h e d e s e rv e d N o w no o ne hith e rt o h ad n o tic e d h im Fo r all h ad th o u ght h im an o u tl andi s h div A n d s inc e h is F aith and m anne r s w e r e n o t th e ir s R e fr aine d fr o m pr ai s ing him b u t wh e n zal s p ak e H is ad m ir ati o n with s u ch w ar m t h t h e c o u rti e r s B e g an t o pr ai s e h im t o o h is m i e n his s tat u r e H is p o lis h e d m anne r s t act and c ou rt e s y Whil e as fo r z si h is h e art w e nt cl e an di s tr au ght H is wi s d o m fle d afar and l o v e w as l o rd .
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TH E S H A H N A M A '
O f all t h e Warri o r
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O F PI RDA U S I
p al adins o f e arth N o t o ne c an tr e ad h is s t e p s th e r e is no p o rtr ait I ns id e o u r h all s with s u ch a bridl e h and O r s u ch ano th e r c av ali e r o n h o r s e b ack H e is in h e art a li o n and in s tr e ngth A n e l e ph ant : h is h and s are lik e t h e Nil e Wh e n h e is o n t h e thr o ne h e s c atte r e th go ld Wh e n h e is in t h e fr ay h e s c att e r e th h e ad s H is ch e e k is r u ddy as t h e c e rci s bl o o m S hr e wd y o u ng in y e ars and fo rt u ne t o o 1 s h e I n b attl e lik e t h e b al e fu l cr o c o dil e O n h o r s e b ack lik e a dr ag o n with s h arp cl aw s H e l ay e th in t h e fight t h e d u s t with bl o o d A nd b randis h e t h h is f alchi o n o f bl u e s t e e l H e h ath thi s o ne d e fe ct — h is h air is whit e ; F au lt fi nde rs fi nd in h im no o th e r fau lt ; Y e t thi s whit e h air o f his b e c o m e th h im A nd th ou w o u ld s t s ay : H e fas c in at e t h h e art s O n h e aring thi s R adah a bl u s h e d with ch e e k s — a p gr a n t e bl o s s o m s whil e h e r h e art Re d as o m e B e c am e fu lfill e d with fi re fo r l o ve o f z al S h e c o u ld no t e at o r r e s t in p e ac e ; a ch ang e C am e in h e r di s p o s iti o n and d e m e ano u r Fo r p as s i o n h ad u s u rp e d t h e pl ac e o f wi s d o m D e ny H o w g o o dly w e r e t h e t e ach e r s w o rd s : All t alk o f m e n wh e n th e r e are w o m e n by ; Th e h e art o f w o m an is t h e Di v s ab o d e I f th o u s u gge s t e s t s h e w ill fi nd t h e r o ad B udab a h ad fi v e T u rk m an w aitin g m aid s Fiv e faithfu l s l av e s all girl s o f pru d ent m ind s ; I h av e a s e cr e t fo r y o u To th e m s h e s aid : S i nc e all o f y o u are in my c o nfid e nc e Att e nd u p o n m e and di s p e l m y c ar e s ; Kno w th e n all fi v e o f y o u and u nd e r s t and A nd l u ck go with y ou all y o u r y e ars th at I -
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M IN
I
m
am
UCH I H R ’
2 61
l o v e and lik e a r agi ng s e a Wh os e bill o w s s u rg e t o h e av e n ! Mine ard e nt h e art I s f u ll o f l o v e fo r zal and in my s l e e p I c anno t t e ar m y th o u ght s fr o m h im H is l o v e Po s s e s s e th m e h e art m i nd and wit s ; I m u s e Up o n his fe at u r e s day and night ; and no w M e ans m u s t b e fo u nd t o fr e e m e fr o m my w o e N o ne k no w e th o f my s e cr e t b u t y o u r s e lve s Fo r y e are g o o d and l o v e m e Th e n t h e s l ave s Th o u ght in am az e : Th e pri nc e s s d o th ami s s ! R os e at h e r lik e s o m any A hri m ans A nd s aid : O cr o w n o f l adi e s in t h e w o rld ! O d au ght e r e m i ne n t am o ng t h e m ighty Ad m ir e d fr o m H indii s t an t o Chin and lik e A s hi ning s igne t in t h e w o m e n s b o w e r ! N o cypr e s s in t h e g ar de n e qu alle t h Thy h e ight ; thy ch e e k s o u t s hi ne t h e Pl e i ad e s Thy p o rtr ait h at h b e e n s e nt o u t t o Kannuj To M ai and t o t h e m o narch o f t h e W e s t H ath m o de s ty d e p art e d fr o m thi ne e y e s A nd all c o ns id e r ati o n fo r thy s ir e Th at th o u s h o u ld s t l o ng t o cl as p u p o n thy b o s o m O ne wh o s e o w n fath e r h ath r ej e ct e d h im O ne fo s t e r e d o n a m o u nt ain by a fo wl A s p e ct acl e fo r all t h e fo lk ? N 0 mo th e r E xc e pti ng h is h ath b o rne an ag ed b ab e S tr ang e ind e e d S u ch o ffs pri ng is ig no bl e Fo r t w o s u ch c o r al lip s and m u s ky h air Why all fo lk l o v e th ee ; To s e e k a d o t ard Thy p o rtr ait is in all th e ir p al ac e s ; Thy s t at u r e fac e and h air are s u ch t h at S ol W o u ld c o m e fr o m his fo u rth h e av e n t o b e thy s p ou s e Rii dab a h e ard h e r h e art fl ar e d u p lik e fi re B e fo r e a bl as t o f air S he s hri e k e d at th e m ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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O F PI R DA U S I
With fr o wns th at s h u t h e r e ye s e xcl ai m i ng : Bah ! Ye s triv e in v ai n : it b o o t e t h n o t t o h e ar I f t o s o m e s t ar I l o s t m y h e art c o u ld I Find any s ati s facti o n in t h e m o o n ? Cl ay e at e r s do n o t g az e u p o n t h e r o s e Alth ou gh t h e r o s e is b e tt e r th an t h e cl ay If vi ne g ar will c u r e a b o dy s liv e r Th e n h o ne y will b u t m ak e t h e ang u i s h w o r s e I w ant n o t C aes ar o r Fagh fii r o f Ch in O r any o f t h e pri n c e li ng s o f Iran : z si s o n o f S am is t all e nou gh fo r m e A nd li o n lik e in s h ou ld e r ne ck and arm ; Fo r wh e th e r p e o pl e c all h im o ld o r y o u ng To m e h e giv e th p e ac e o f s o u l and m i nd T alk no t o f o th e r m e n b e h is m y h e art Bit as it is by l o v e o f o ne wh o m I H av e n e ve r s e e n ! I t ch oo s e th by r e p o rt I do no t l o v e h is fac e and h air b u t h im ; Tis fo r his m e rit s th at I s e e k h is l o v e Th e s l av e s o n h e ari ng h e r di s tr ac t e d v o ic e Thy s l av e s A nd h avi ng l e ar ne d h e r s e cr e t cri e d : A re w e and s e rv e th e e with de v o t e d h e ar t s C o mm and u s ! N au ght b u t go o d will c o m e o f it O Cypr e s s s t e m ! le t n o ne e l s e k no w O n e s aid : A h u ndr e d th o u s and o f l i s fo r thy life ! M ay all Cr e ati o n s wi s d o m b e thi ne aid ! S h o u ld th e r e b e n e e d t o s t u dy gramm ary e A n d s titch u p e y e s wi t h artific e and s p e ll Th e n will w e fly lik e an e nch an t e r s bird O r ru n al o ng lik e d e e r t o giv e th e e aid S o w e m ay bri ng thi s ki ng t o th e e o u r M o o n A nd lay h im at thy fe e t B udab a s m il e d T u r ne d s affl o w e r ch e e k s t o w ard t h e s l av e and s aid I f th o u c ans t c o m p as s thi s th o u wilt h av e pl ant e d ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
PI RDA 11 5 1
OF
Bl o o d dy e d t h e w at e r z al s aid : A nd fe tch y o n crippl e d bird
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g all ant T u rkm an Cr o s s e d in a b o at The s l av e girl s qu e s ti o ne d h im Ab o u t t h e p al adi n This li o n li m b e d A nd e l e ph anti ne b o di e d w arri o r Wh o is h e ? O f wh at p e o pl e is h e kin g ? Wh at fo e c o u ld c o u nt e r h im 7 We ne v e r s aw A fi ne r c av ali e r o r b e tt e r s h o t Th e pr e tty s l av e b o y bit h is lip and s aid S p e ak no t s o o f t h e ki ng Th e s o n o f S am I s m o narch o f N im rri z an d o th e r ki ng s C all h im D as ta n Th e s k y re v olv e t h no t O e r c av ali e r lik e h im no r will ti m e s e e H is pe e r Th e d am s e l s l au gh e d and ans w e r e d th u s Th e m o o n fac e d b o y : S ay no t s u ch thi ng s b e c au s e Mihrab h ath n o w a M o o n withi n h is p al ac e Wh o is a wh o l e h e ad t all e r th an thy ki ng A t e ak in s t at u r e ivo ry in h u e Cr o w ne d with a cr o wn o f m u s k a thi ng divi ne H e r e y e s ar e p e ns i v e and h e r e y e br o ws arch e d ; Th e ir c o l u m n is a s ilv e r n r e e d H e r m o u th I s narr o w as t h e h e art o f o ne fo rl o r n H e r tr e s s e s e nd s are c o il e d lik e ankl e ring s H e r witchi ng e y e s are fu ll o f dr e am y light H e r ch e e k s are t u lip lik e in h u e h e r l o ck s L ik e m u s k ; h e r s o u l is br e athi ng thr o u gh h e r lip s A m atchl e s s M o o n is s h e We fr o m Kab u l Appr o ach t h e m o narch o f zab u l in s t at e A nd t is o u r p o licy t o i ntr o d u c e O u r l ady s r u by lip s t o t h o s e o f Z eil Which is b u t w e ll and s e e m ly fo r s h e is O f e q u al r ank O n h e aring thi s t h e s l av e b oy Th e
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M I N II OHI H R ’
Flu s h e d ru by lik e Th e S u n s h ou ld w e d t h e M o o n H e s aid Wh e ne e r t h e w o rld w o u ld m ake a m atch Th e h e arts o f all c o nc e r ne d fi nd r o o m fo r l o v e A nd wh e n t h e w o rld w o u ld c au s e a s e v e r anc e I t p art e th m at e fr o m m at e with o u t a w o rd L o ve s b ond is hidd e n b u t it s r u pt u r e s e e n A nd b o th are c o mm o n S till t h e b ach e l o r E nj o y e t h p e ac e at h o m e and s i nc e h e h ath N o d au ght e r will no t h e ar r e pr o achfu l w o rd s O n c e s aid t h e m al e h awk t o his br o o di ng m at e I f h e n bird s o nly fr o m th e s e e ggs th o u bri ng Th o u m ake s t o f t h e s ir e a s e xl e s s thing N o w wh e n t h e l au ghi ng s l av e b o y h ad r e t u r n e d zal as k e d : Wh at w as it th at t h e y s aid t o th e e To m ak e th e e l au gh and s h o w t h y s ilv e r n t e e th ? H e t o ld t h e p al adi n wh o s e h e art gr e w y o u ng With j o y H e b ad e t h e m o o n fac e d y o u th : R e t u rn A nd say th u s t o y o n d am s e l s : S t ay awhil e Am o ng t h e r o s e s ; y e p e rch anc e m ay t ak e S o m e g e m s as w e ll as bl o s s om s fr o m t h e g ard e n S o go no t till y e h e ar fr o m m e H e to o k G old j e w e lry and dr ac hm s with fi v e rich pi e c e s O f go ld br o c ad e and b ad e h is s l av e s C o nv e y th e m To yo nd e r girl s t e ll no ne and b e no t s e e n Th e y t o o k t h e tr e as u r e s with an ard e nt m e s s ag e A nd g av e th e m t o t h e dam s e l s in z al s nam e Th e n s aid o ne d ams e l t o t h e m o o n fac e d p ag e A m att e r ne ve r c an b e ke pt c o nc e al e d Unl e s s it b e c onfi ne d t o o nly t w o ; Thr e e are no c as k e t fo u r are all t h e w o rld S o s ay t o him s hr e wd tr u s t y b o y : I f th ou H as t s e cr e t thi ng s t o s ay t e ll u s in p e rs on Radab a s d am s e l s s aid t o o ne ano th e r Th e Li on h ath b e e n t ak e n in t h e t o il s -
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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O F FI R DA 0 5 1 ‘
wi s h e s o f Rudab a and o f zal H av e b e e n fu lfill e d and m att e r s pr o m i s e w e ll Th e bl ack e y e d y o u th w h o br o u ght t h e m o n arch s gifts A nd act e d fo r h im w e nt and t o ld h is chi e f I n s e cr e t wh at th o s e ch ar m i ng d am s e l s s aid z sl w e n t Th o s e r o s y I d o l s o f T ara z Dr e w ne ar and did o b e i s anc e H e i nqu ir e d Ab ou t th at Cypr e s s s t e m h e r m i e n and l o o k s H e r s p e e ch h e r wi s d o m and h e r r e d e t o s e e S p e ak h e s aid I f s h e w e r e w o rthy o f h im With o u t att e m pti ng t o pr e varic at e I f y e s p e ak tr u th it will advant ag e y o u Bu t if I thi nk th at y e i m p o s e u p o n m e A n e l e ph ant s h all tr am pl e y o u t o d e ath With ch e e k s th at h ad b e c o m e like s and ar ac Th e s l av e girl s ki s s e d t h e gr ou nd b e fo r e t h e chi e f A nd o ne o f th e m — t h e y o u ng e s t o f t h e tr o o p A girl o f t e nd e rne s s and r e ady s p e e ch S p ak e t hu s t o z al : A m o ng t h e m ighty no ne H at h e e r b e e n b o r n o f w o m an in thi s w o rld Wh o c o u ld c o m p ar e with S am in l o o k s and s t at u r e I n p u rity in c o u r ag e s e ns e and k no wl e dg e ; O r y e t wi t h th e e t h o u v ali ant c av ali e r O f l o fty b e ari ng and o f li o n li m b s ! O r with R adab a in h e r l o v e li ne s s A s ilv e r n Cypr e s s c o l o u r e d and p e rfu m e d C o m p act fr o m h e ad t o fo o t o f r o s e and j as m i ne Whil e o v e r it C ano p u s o f Y am an I s s hi ni ng H e r fac e dis t ille t h O ne w o u ld s ay Wine and h e r l o ck s are s c e nt s I ns idi ou s l as s o s F all fr o m h e r h e ad th at c u p o l a o f s ilv e r O e r ch e e k s o f r o s e s t o t h e v e ry gr o u nd H e r h e ad is all a twi ne with am b e rgri s A nd m u s k h e r p e r s o n all a— s hi ne with j e w e l s Th e
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TH E S H A H N A M A
PI R DA U S I
’
OF
Thi s day is j u s t lik e any o th e r o ne Th e r e is n o fo u l div in t h e r o s ary Tis s pri ng We g ath e r r o s e s in t h e g ard e n A nd s pik e s o f hy aci nth u p o n t h e gr o u n d M o o n fac e d R adaha b ad e and s o w e w e nt H e nc e aft e r r o s es o u t o f l o v e fo r h e r ; Th e n wh e r e fo r e s p e ak t o u s in s u ch a t o ne Fo r pl u cki ng th e m Bu t thi s is no t t h e ti m e fo r pr ank s lik e th e s e fo r b e ar in m ind H e s aid Th at Z all t h e chi e ft ain no w is at Kab u l Th e l an d is c o ve r e d w ith h is t e nt s and tr o o p s Do y e no t s e e Mihrab at e arly d aw n G o fr o m h is p al ac e g ate and m o u nt his s t e e d Why e v e ry day h e g o e th t o and fro N o w h e and z al h av e c o m e t o b e s u ch fri e nd s A nd if h e s aw y o u c arryi ng y o u r r os e s W o u ld h ave y o u d o w n u p on t h e gro u nd fo rth with Q u it no t t h e H ar am m o r e and w o u ld t o G o d Th at no thing gr e at o r s m all m ay c o m e o f t hi s Th e y w e nt wi t hi n and t o ld t h e M o o n in priv at e We n e e r s aw S u n like thi s with r u ddy ch e e ks A nd h air all whit e Radab a s h e art i nfl am e d I n e xp e ct ati o n o f b e h o ldi ng zal Th e y l aid h is j e w e l s and d inar s b e fo r e h e r Whil e s he m i nu t e ly qu e s ti o ne d th e m : H o w fou nd Th e s o n o f S am ? D o th h e d e s e rv e h is fam e ? Th e fi v e e n c o u r ag e d ch att e r e d o n an d s aid z si is t h e fi ne s t h o r s e man with s u ch m i e n A nd Gr ac e —a l o fty cypr e s s o f a m an I m p e ri al Gr ac e and dig nity are his Wh at fr agr anc e c o l o u r s t at u r e li mb s h e h ath H o w s li m a w ai s t and wh at an o p e n ch e s t ! H is e y e s are twi n n arci s s i w at e r bl u e .
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M IN
UOH I H R
2 69
H is
lip s lik e c o r al and his ch e e k s lik e bl o o d H is h and and fo r e ar m are lik e l i o n s p aw s A s hr e wd m an h e with an arch m age s h e art A nd r o y al Gr ac e ! whil e as fo r h is whit e h air I t is a bl e m i s h —b u t no c au s e fo r s h am e Thi s chi e f o f p al adi ns h ath d o w ny ch e e ks Like c e rci s bl o o m thr ou gh s ilv e r h ab e rg e o n S u ch as t o m ak e o ne cry : Be e v e r th u s N 0 ch ang e c an m ak e th e e d e ar e r th an th ou art We t o ld h im h e s h o u ld s e e th e e ; h e w as h o p e fu l Wh e n w e d e p art e d N o w d e vis e a s ch e m e T e ll u s wh at t o t e ll him To e nt e rt ai n h im S h e ans w e r e d : O nc e y e t o ld a di ffe r e n t t al e ! Thi s z si wh o w as t h e nu r s li ng o f a bird Was s o whi t e h e ad e d and s o wi z e ne d ! N o w H is ch e e k is lik e t h e c e rci s bl o o m and h e I s t all and h and s o m e and a p al adi n A nd y e h av e br agg e d ab ou t m y fac e t o him A nd as k e d fo r p ay m e nt fo r y o u r g o s s ipi ng S h e s p ak e with s m il e s and bl u s h e s o n h e r ch e e k s A s t we r e p o m e gr anate bl o o m s th e n b ad e o ne d am s e l : Be o ff with y o u at d awn T ak e h im g o o d ne w s H e ar wh at h e h ath t o s ay and s ay t o h im Thy wi s h is gr ant e d b e in r e adine s s C o m e and b e h o ld thy M o o n in all h e r ch ar m s Th e w aiting m aid d e p ar t e d g av e t h e m e s s ag e A nd c am e b ack t o t h e Cypr e s s o f T ar az D e vi s e s o m e m e ans t o c o m p as s it s h e s aid Fo r G o d h ath gr ant e d th e e thy wh o l e de s ir e A nd m ay th e e ndi ng b e a h appy o ne Radab a s o o n m ad e r e ady whil e h e r k in S h e h ad h e r o w n p avili o n S u s p e ct e d nau ght Lik e j c ou nd s pri ng and d e ck e d with gr e at m e n s p o rtr ait s Th e s e rv ant s dr ap e d it with br o c ad e o f Ch in .
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TH E S H A H N A M A
2 76
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O F FI R DA U S I
g o ld e n tr ay s ab o u t as o rnam e nt s Th e n m i ngl e d wi ne with m u s k and am b e rgri s A nd s c att e r e d e m e r ald s and c ar ne li ans H e r e w e r e narci s s u s vi o l e t c e rci s bl o o m A nd r o s e th e r e lily and t h e j as m i ne — s pr ay Th e g o bl e t s w e r e c o m p act o f g o ld and t u rq u o i s e Th e vi and s s at u r at e with cl e ar r o s e w at e r ; Th u s fr o m t h e ch am b e r o f t h e s u n fac e d o ne R o s e fr agr ant o d o u rs w aft i ng t o t h e s u n S et
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H o w Z dl w ent t o R udaba
At d u s k th e y l o ck e d t h e g at e and t o o k t h e k e y A nd th e n a d am s e l w e nt t o z al and s aid All is pr e p ar e d s o c o m e Th e r e at t h e chi e f All w o o e r lik e s e t o u t t o w ard t h e p al ac e M e anwhil e bl ack e y e d and r o s y ch e ck e d Rii dab a A cypr e s s o v e r which t h e fu ll m o o n s h o ne We nt t o t h e r o o f and wh e n t h e s o n o f S am Th e c av ali e r app e ar e d th at high b o r n m aid Unl o ck e d h e r c o r al lip s and cri e d t o him Th ou art w e ll c o m e 0 y o u th o f no bl e birth Th e M ak e r s bl e s s ing b e o n th e e t h e arch O f circli ng h e av e n b e u nd e r ne ath thy fe e t A nd m ay m y m aid b e blith e o f h e art and gl ad Fo r t o p t o t o e th o u art as s h e d e s crib e d th e e To fo o t it th u s fr o m thy p avili o n M u s t irk thy r o y al fe e t H e h e ard t h e v o ic e A nd s aw u p on t h e w all a s u n ch e ck e d d am s e l Wh o s e b e au ty s e t t h e r o o f a gl e am lik e g e m s Wh o s e bl u s h e s s e t t h e gr ou nd a flu s h lik e r u bi e s ,
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TH E S H A N H AZ MA
2 72
PI R DA U S I
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OF
H and cl as p e d in h and t o h e r p avili o n G o ld ar ab e s qu e d—a m e e t mg pl ac e for ki ngs A P ar adi s e ad o r ne d—a bl az e o f light S l av e girl s att e nde d o n t h e H o u ri th e r e Whil e z al in r apt as t o ni s h m e nt b e h e ld H e r fac e h e r h air h e r l o v e li ne s s and gr ac e H e r br ac e l e t s t o rq u e and e arring s : h e r br o c ad e A nd j e w e l s w e r e lik e g ard e ns in t h e s pr ing ; H e r ch e e k s w e r e lik e twi n t u lip s in a g arth ; H e r cri s py l o v e l o ck s twi s t e d c u rl o n c u rl Z it l s at in r o y al gr ac e b y t h at fair M o o n H is d agg e r in h is b e lt and o n his h e ad A r u by c o r o ne t R ada ha l o o k e d A nd lo c k e d with s t o l e n gl anc e s at h im s till ; L o o k e d at th at fo rm th at ne ck th at gr ac e th at h e ight Which u s e d t o m ak e r o ck s br am bl e s ne ath his m ac e A nd at th o s e ch e e k s wh o s e l u s tr e fir e d h e r s o u l Th e m o r e s h e g az e d t h e m o r e h e r h e art i nfl am e d Th e y ki s s e d and cl ung i nt o xic at e with l o v e Wh at li o n h u nt e th no t t h e o nag e r Th u s s p ak e t h e chi e ft ai n t o t h e m o o n fac e d m aid O s ilv e r b o s o m e d Cypr e s s m u s k p e rfu m e d Th e S hah will ne e r c o ns e n t and s am will wri ng H is h and s and s t o r m b u t s till by G o d I s w e ar Th at I will ne v e r br e ak m y tr o th t o th e e N ay I will fir s t h o ld s o u l and b o dy ch e ap A nd w e ar a s hr o u d I will s e e k G o d and pr ay H im With all t h e i ns t ancy o f d e vo t e e s To w as h all o pp o s iti o n wr ath and v e ng e anc e Fr o m b o th th e ir h e art s and if H e h e arke ne th Th o u s h alt b e c o m e my wife b e fo r e t h e w o rld I t o o s w e ar by H im Radab a ans w e r e d : Th e G o d o f F aith and right —th at no ne b u t zal S h all b e m y l o rd ; t h e M ak e r is my wit ne s s ,
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M I N (IOH I H R
Th e ir l o v e w ax e d e ve r as t h e m o m e nt s s p e d Fo r wi s d o m w as afar and p as s i o n ne ar S o far e d th e y till t h e day b e g an t o br e ak zal far e w e ll e d his M o o n A nd dr u m c all s o u nd e d E m br acing h e r as w arp and w o o f e m br ac e B o th w e pt and b o th adj u r e d t h e ri s i ng s u n O gl o ry o f t h e w o rld ! o ne m o m e nt m o r e ! Th o u ne e ds t no t ris e s o s o o n Th e n fr o m al o ft zal dro pp e d h is l as s o and d e s c e ndi ng s tr aight We nt fr o m t h e p al ac e o f h is l o v e ly m at e ,
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w arri o r s wh e n bright S o l r o s e o e r t h e hills W e nt t o t h e l e v e e o f t he p al adin A nd th e n di s p e r s e d whil e z al b ad e c all t h e s age s Th e y c ame—t h e m inis t e r s arch m age s h e ro e s A nd gl o ri o u s chi e ft ai ns m e n b o th wi s e and ard e nt W e ll pl e as e d at b e ing s u m m o ne d zal all s m il e s A n d y e ar ni ng o ffe r e d firs t h is pr ai s e t o G o d Th e n r o u s e d t h e archi m ag e s t o att e nti o n By thu s addr e s s i ng th e m : Le t all o u r h e art s R e gard with fe ar and h o p e t h e right e o u s J u dg e Wh o is t h e L o rd o f circling s u n and m o o n A nd s h o w e t h s o u l s t h e w ay o f right e o u s ne s s To giv e H im all t h e pr ai s e t h at w e c an gi v e We m u s t b o w d o wn b e fo r e H im night and day By H im t h e j o c u nd w o rld abid e th fas t By H im is j u s tic e d o ne in h e ave n and e arth H e bri ng e th s u m m e r s pri ng and au t u m n tid e With fr u it t o fill t h e br anch e s o f t h e vine s ; Th e
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68
TH E S H A H N A M
Y o u th h ath fr o m
A
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O F PI R DA U S I
c e nt and b l o o m A ge h ath fr o m H im it s ti m e o f s add e ne d l o o k s N o ne c an tr ans gr e s s H is will and o rd inan c e With o u t H im no t an ant c an w alk t h e e arth H e bri ng e th i n cr e as e t o t h e w o rld by p air s A nd no t by o ne th e r e is no O ne b u t G o d Wh o h ath no t any p artne r m at e o r p e e r Bu t all H is cr e at u r e s h ath H e m ad e in p air s Thi s w as H is s ch e m e —e arth and it s g o o d for m an ; Bu t s av e fo r p airi ng w e h ad ne v e r k no wn I t s p o s s ibiliti e s Ag ain w e ne v e r S e e y o u th u nm at e d s t abl e in t h e F aith A nd thirdly m e n th o u gh o f a m ighty s t o ck U nm at e d l o s e th e ir vig o u r Wh at c an s h o w M o r e g o o dly th an a chi e f o f p al adi ns Wh o s e s o u l is gl add e ne d by h is pr o g e ny H e at life s cl o s e will h av e a N e w Y e ar s Day I n childr e n w h o will k e e p h is m e m o ry thu s This is t h e s o n o f Z e nt h e s o n o f S am T h u s cr o w n an d thr o ne are gr ac e d ; t h e fath e r s ti m e B e i ng o v e r fo rt u ne r e s t e th with t h e s o n All th e s e apply t o m i ne o wn c as e and are The r o s e s and narci s s i o f m y g ard e n My h e art is l o s t m y wi s d o m fl e d ! D e cl ar e I h av e n o t s p o k e n Th e r e m e dy fo r thi s B e fo r e I s u ffe r e d b o th in br ain and wits Th e p al ac e o f Mihrab — I l o v e it all ! H is l an d is h e av e n t o m e fo rwhy m y h e art R ej o ic e th in t h e d au ght e r o f S indu k h t Wh at s ay y e no w ? Will S am t o o b e r ej o ic e d A nd will S hah M imich ih r if h e s h all h e ar R e gard it m e r e ly as a yo u thfu l e rr o r ? All— gr e at and s m all— in m arryi ng b u t o b e y N o wis e m an Th e l aw s o f F aith and c u s t o m Will b ar wh at h o no u r and r e ligi o n s ancti o n H im it s
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TH E S H A H N A M A
2 76
A nd
OF
PI R DA U S I
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prai s e d t h e M ak e r and t h e J u dg e Th e S ou rc e o fj oy and m ight t h e L o rd o f V e nu s O f S O 1 and M ars o f b e i ng and no t b e ing We all o f u s are s l av e s and G o d is One M ay H e bl e s s S am t h e s o n o f N ar im a n Th e l o rd o f m ac e o f s ci m it ar and h e l m Wh o s e bl ack s t e e d b o u nde t h in t h e d u s t o f fight Wh o glu t t e t h v u ltu r e s wh e n h e m ak e th w ar Who r ais e th t e m p e s t s o n t h e b attl e fi eld Wh o s h e dd e th g o u t s o f bl o o d fr o m m u rky cl ou d s Wh o h andl e th go ld e n b e l t s and di ad e m s A nd s e tt e th ki ngs u p o n th e ir thr o ne s o f go ld H is br av e ry ach ie v e t h fe at o n fe at A nd th e y e x alt h is nam e The re liv e th no t N o r e v e r will a c av ali e r s o br av e H is thr all am I and l o v e h im h e art and s ou l H e s aw h o w I w as b o r n and ill s h av e c o m e S i nc e th e n u p o n m e fr o m t h e r o lli ng s k y My fath e r w o r e l u x u ri o u s fu rs and s ilk s ; M e t h e S im u rgh b ar e t o a m o u n t in I nd F ain w as I th at t h e bird s h o u ld bri ng m e pr e y A nd nu m b e r m e am o ng it s littl e o nes My s ki n w as s c o rch e d by bl as t m ine e y e s w e r e s t o pp e d With d us t Th e y u s e d t o c all m e s o n o f S am Th ou gh h e was o n a thro ne I in a n e s t S i nc e G o d o rd ai ne d and m ad e this w ay fo r m e N o ne s c ape t h H is o rd ai nm e nt t h o u gh o ne fly A m o ng t h e cl o u d s gnaw s p e arh e ad s r e nd t h e hid e s O f li o ns with his s h o u ti ng y e a alth ou gh H is t e e th are anvil s h e is s till G o d s s l av e A thing h ath h app e ne d which I c anno t t e ll To e v e ry o ne and I am br o k e n h e art e d H o wb e it a s ir e th o u gh fi e rc e and dr ag o n lik e S h o u ld h e arke n t o t h e s e cr e t s o f h is child My t e ar s are fo r t h e d au ght e r o f Mihrab firs t
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M I N IJ OH I H R
if c o ns u med in r agi ng fi re Th e s t ar s are m y c o m p ani o ns in t h e night My br e as t is lik e a s e a I l o s e m y wit s S o th at my p e o pl e w e e p y e t th o u gh s o r e tr o u bl e d I will no t dr aw a br e at h b u t at thy w o rd V Wh at d o th t h e chi e f o f p al adins c o mm and 7 Oh fr e e my m i nd fr o m thi s di s tre ss and gri e f Th e archi m ag e s h av e advi s e d m e t h u Le t no t t h e chi e ft ain k e e p h is J e w e l hidd e n Bu t ac t with l o y alty My s ir e p e rch anc e Will s e c o nd m e h e r e in th at I m ay m ak e Th e d au ghte r o f Mihrab my l awfu l wife My fath e r will r e m e m b e r th at wh e n G o d R e s t o r e d m e t o h im o u t o f M o u nt Albu r z H e pl e dg e d his w o rd in pr e s e nc e o f h is m e n I will no t fr u s tr at e o ne wis h o f thy h e art N o w thi s it is wh e re o n m y h e art is s e t A h o r s e m an l e ft Kab u l at lightni ng s p e e d To go t o S am and t o o k a s e c o nd h o r s e Fo r zal dire cte d : S h o u ld o ne r o ads t e r fo u nd e r S t ay no t t o bre ath e b u t lightly m o u nt t h e o th e r A n d h u rry o n t o S am Th e m e s s e nge r W e nt like t h e wi nd u p o n a s t e e d o f s t e e l Wh e n h e w as dr awing ne ar t h e Kargas ars S am w h o w as h u nti ng o n a r ang e o f hill s B e h e ld h im fro m afar and t o ld h is c o m r ad e s Th e r e c o m e th fr o m Kab u l a m e s s e nge r Up o n a whit e s te e d o f z ab u lis tan S e nt d o u btl e ss ly by zal s o le t u s l e ar n H is ne w s Th e m an appr o achi ng kis s e d t h e gr o u nd With m any th ank s t o G o d S am w e lc o m e d h im A nd t oo k t h e l e tt e r whil e t h e m an di s ch arg e d S am u ndid and r e ad t h e l e tt e r H is e rr and s I
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1
72
TH E S H A H N A M A
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O F FI R DA U S I
Whil e c o m ing fr o m t he mo u nt ai ns p al e d and h alte d I n w o nd e r no t e xp e cti ng o r c o mm e ndi ng z al s c o n d u ct Ye t h e th o u ght t is nat u r al O ne nu rt u r e d by a bir d w ou ld h ank e r th u s Wh e n h e r e t u rne d h e p o nd e r e d l o ng and d e e ply Thi s is no t w e ll A nd s aid : I f I s h all s ay O pp o s e m e no t i ncline t o wi s d o m s w ays B o th G o d and m an will bl am e m y br e ach o f faith I f I s ay Ye s and Thy d e s ir e is go o d Do as th o u wilt wh at w ill th e ir o ffs pri ng b e Thi s nu r s li ng o f t h e fo wl and th at d iv s child ? H e l aid h im d o w n in gri e f b u t c ou ld no t re s t Th e h ard e r any s e rvan t s t as k t h e m o r e H is h e art is h e avy and h is s u ffe ri ng s o r e Th e gr e at e r p e ac e and c o m fo rt s h all h e k no w Withi n wh e n G o d Al m ighty will e th s o ,
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wh e n h e w o k e as k e d t h e as tr o l o ge r s H o w will thi s e nd fo r t h e s e t w o e l e m e nt s L ike fi re and w at e r are o pp o s e d c o m pl e t e ly ? S u ch s u r e ly o n t h e J u dg m e nt Day w ill b e Th e w arfar e o f Z ahh ak and Faridii n C o ns u lt t h e s t ar s v o u ch s afe m e y o u r advic e A nd pu t y o u r pe n p o in t t o a l u cky s ign Th e y s p e nt t h e day in s e archi ng and th e n c am e To s am with s m il e s fo r o pp o s it e s c o m bine d I n h is b e h alf and an as t r o l o g e r H e r o o f t h e g o ld e n b e lt w e brin g S aid : G o o d ne w s ab o u t t h e d au ght e r o f Mihrab A nd zal for th e y will b e a gl o ri o u s p air Wh o s e s o n will pr o v e a mighty El e ph ant ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A O F
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P I R DA U S I
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d o f dru m s and cl ari o ns Ab o u t t h e e ntr an c e o f t he t e n t e ncl os u r e A nd S am m arch e d t o fra n by Dah is t an Th e m e s s e ng e r r e t u r ne d t o zal in tri u m ph “l it h o m e ns o f s u cc e s s Wh e n h e arrive d z al w as w e ll c o nt e n t H e t o ld S a m s ans w e r A nd o ffe r e d pr ai s e s t o Al m ighty G o d Fo r thi s gr e at m e rcy and h is bli s s fu l fat e H e l avi s h e d o n t h e p o o r dr ach m s and d inars A n d s h o w e d e s p e ci al ki nd ne s s t o his kindr e d I nv o ki ng bl e s s ings o n t h e chi e ft ain S am Fo r h avi ng s e nt a g e ntl e ans w e r b ack H e c o u ld no t r e s t by day o r s l e e p by nigh t H e dr ank n o wine d e s ir e d no m i ns tr e l s y ; H is h e art w as alw ay s y e arni ng fo r h is brid e ; H e c o u ld n o t t alk o f any o ne b e s id e t oo the
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A d am e o f h o ni e d s p e e ch w as go b e tw e e n A nd bo r e t h e l o v e r s gr e e t i ngs t o and fro Zal c all e d thi s w o m an t o ld ab ou t h is s ir e S ay G o t o Radab a A n d s aid t o h e r : e 0 B e au ty kind and y o u ng ! wh e n m at t e r s c o m To gri e v o u s s tr ait s w e qu ickly fi nd a k e y N o w t h e m e s s e ng e r Fo r th e ir e nl arg e m e nt H ath c o m e fr o m S am r ej o ici ng with g o o d ne w s S am hu mm e d an d h aw e d b u t in t h e e nd c o ns e n t e d z al s e nt his fath e r s l e tt e r by t h e w o m an Wh o hu rri e d with t h e go o d ne w s t o Rudab a -
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M I N (IOH I H R
281
Th at fay fac e d d ams e l s h owe r e d dr ach m s u p o n h e r Pl ac e d h e r u p o na g o ld e m br o ide r e d s e at A nd fo r h e r ne w s g av e h e r a ch ang e o f r ai m e n t ; Th e n br o u ght an I ndi an t u rb an w o v e n s o fi ne ly Th at w arp and w o o f w e r e no t dis ting u i s h abl e With p att e rn s wr ou ght th e r e o n in g o ld and ru bi e s S o th at t h e g o ld w as hidd e n by t h e g e m s Thi s and a c os tly fi nge r ri ng t o m atch A s bright as J u pit e r s h e s e n t t o zal With m any gr e e ti ngs m any m e s s ag e s S indu k h t o b s e rve d t h e w o m an in t h e h all A nd cri e d : Wh e nc e art th o u ? S p e ak ! Di s s embl e -
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Th o u p ass e s t in and ou t fro m ti m e t o ti m e With o u t r e g ard t o m e I mu ch s u s p e c t th e e Wilt th o u no t s ay if th o u art s tri ng o r b o w ? With fac e lik e s and ar ac s h e ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd A nd ans w e r e d th u s : A ne e dy w o m an I Wh o h av e t o ge t my living as I c an ; I vi s it h o u s e s o f t h e g e ntl e fo lk Wh o p u rch as e cl o th e s o f m e and j e w e lry R adaha wis h e d t o b u y rich ge m s and tri nke t s ; I br o u ght t o h e r a g o ld ad o r ne d ti ar a A nd h o o p o f r oy al g e m s S indu kh t s aid : S h o w th e m A nd q u e nch m y wr ath I l e ft th e m with Rii dab a The w o m an ans w e r e d and am fe tchi ng m o r e S h o w m e t h e p u rch as e m on e y s aid S indu k h t A nd s e t m y h e art at r e s t Th e w o m an ans w e r e d Th e m o o n fac e d l ady t o ld m e s h e w o u ld pay To m o rr o w Wait u ntil I h ave t h e mo ne y P e rc e iving th at s h e li e d S indu kh t u s e d fo rc e S e arch e d u p h e r s l e e ve s and fou nd h e r k nav e ry .
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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O F FI R DA U S I
S indu kh t dis co v e ring R11 dab a s ’
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ring A nd c o s tly s tu ffs w as v e ry wr o th a nd c atchi ng Th e w o m an by t h e tr e s s e s fl u ng h e r d o w n Up o n h e r fac e and in a b u r s t o f r ag e H al e d h e r in s h am e fu l plight al o ng t h e gr o u nd Th e n le t h e r fall and b o u nd and s pu r ne d and s m o t e h e r Th e q u e e n r e t u r ne d in d u dg e o n t o t h e p al ac e O e rwh e lm e d with di s app o int m e nt p ai n and gri e f S hu t h e r s e lf in and w as as o ne b e m u s e d S h e s e nt t o c all h e r d au ght e r and t h e whil e K e pt b u ffe ting h e r fac e and fr o m h e r e ye s Th o s e w e t narcis s i— b ath e d h e r b u r ni ng ch e e k s ; Th e n t o Radab a : O th o u no bl e M o o n ! Why ch o os e s t th o u t h e ditch and no t th e thr o ne ? I n wh at r es p e ct c an I h av e fail e d t o t e ach th e e Pr o pri e ty in p u blic and in privat e My pr e tty ! wh e r e fo r e h as t th o u wr onge d m e s o ? T e ll m o th e r all thy s e cr e t s —wh o d e s p atch e d Thi s d am e t o th e e and why Wh at is all thi s Wh o is t h e m an fo r wh o m thi s s pl e ndid t u rb an A nd fi nge r ri ng are m e ant ? I n th at gr e at tr e as u r e Th e Ar abi an cr o w n—m u ch g o o d and ill w as l e ft u s Wilt fli ng it t o t h e wind s ? I t h ad a nam e M ay m o th e r ne v e r b e ar a child lik e m ine Budab a l o o ke d aw ay and h u ng h e r h e ad I n o v e rwh e l m in g s h am e b e fo r e h e r m o th e r A nd t e ar s o f l o v e d e s c e ndi ng gr ac e d h e r ch e e k s 0 m o s t wi s e m o th e r ! th u s s h e m ad e r e ply L o v e h u nt e th d o w n my s o u l b u t I h ad wr o u ght N o g o o d o r ill h ad s t th o u no t b o rne m e firs t Th e chi e ft ain o f Z éb u l is at Kab u l A nd l o v e o f h im s o fi re t h m e and thi ng s H av e c o m e t o s u ch a p as s withi n my h e art Th at if in o th e r s pr e s e nc e or al o ne I w e e p and o nl y liv e t o s e e h is fac e ,
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TH E S H A H N A
PI RDA U s r '
MA O F
16
H o w M ihrab w as made A ware
f
o
his Daught e r s Cas e ’
Mihrab m u ch gr atifi e d by z srs atte nti o ns R e t u r ni ng fo u nd S indu k h t u p o n h e r c o u ch P al e and di s tr e s s e d ; h e as k e d h er : Wh at h ath h app e ne d S p e ak ! Wh e r e fo r e are thy r o s y lip s th u s fad e d S h e s aid : I h av e b e e n m u s ing fo r a whil e Ab o u t th e s e g o o dly tr e as u r e s and thi s w e alth Th e s e Ar ab s t e e d s c ap ari s o ne d t hi s p al ac e S o no bl e and it s pl e as u r e gr o u nd s t h e fri e nd s Wh o ch e e r o u r h e art s th e s e s e rvant s o f my l o rd O u r fav o u r and o u r s t at u r e cypr e s s t all O u r fam e o u r k no wl e dg e and o u r p o licy I n ti m e ou r prid e and gl o ry m u s t ab at e ; We yi e ld th e m t o t h e fo e ; o u r t o il is wind ; A narr o w bi e r is o u r s at l as t We pl ant A tr e e wh o s e antid o t e is b ane t o u s We w at e r it l ab o ri o u s ly and h ang Th e r e o n o u r cr o wn and w e alth b u t wh e n it m o u nte th S u nw ard and giv e th s h ad e it s l u s ty h e ad D e s c e nd e th t o t h e d u s t Wi t h thi s b e fo r e u s I kno w no t wh e r e w e e v e r s h all fi nd r e s t Mihrab r e pli e d : Th o u t e ll e s t an o ld t al e I t is t h e fas hi o n o f thi s W ay s id e I n O ne is ab as e d ano th e r flo u ris h e t h O ne c o m e th in ano th e r g o e th o u t C ans t th ou s e e o ne wh o m h e ave n h u nt e th no t ? Fr e t as w e will o u r Woe s r e m ai n ; w e c anno t C o nt e nd ag ains t t h e All j u s t J udg e S h e ans w e r e d Th e wi s e w o u ld t ak e a v e r y di ffe r e nt vi e w ,
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M I N IIOH I H R
2 85
id N o w c an I hid e fr o m th e e A s e cr e t s u ch as thi s and th e s e grav e d o i ngs ? A bl e s s ed wi s e arch m age o nc e t o ld h is child Th e p ar abl e o f t h e tr e e which I ad o pt e d I n h o p e m y l o rd w o u ld u nd e r s t and t h e m e aning S h e h u ng h e r h e ad and b e nt h e r cypr e s s fo r m H e r e y e s dr o pp e d de w u p o n he r r os y ch ee k s O fu ll o f wi s d o m s h e w e n t o n t o s ay Th e s k y mu s t no t r e vo lve ab o v e u s th u s Kno w th at t h e s o n o f S am h ath s triv e n t o s nar e Rii dab a and m i s l e d h e r ard e nt h e art N o w t is fo r u s t o fi nd a r e m e dy I h av e e xh o rt e d h e r with o u t av ail H e r h e art I s ee is tr o u bl e d h e r fac e w an Th e r e at Mihrab s pr ang u p and s e i z e d h is s w o rd H is ch e e k gr e w livid and h is b o dy s h o o k With r ag e ; h is h e art w as fu ll h e gr o ane d and cri e d H e r bl o o d s h all fl o w fo r thi s S induk h t s pr ang t o o Cl as p e d him ab o u t t h e w ai s t and cri e d : N o w h e ar Thy h and m aid s p e ak o ne w o rd th e n do wh at h e art A nd wi s d o m c o u ns e l th e e H e s h oo k h er o ff A nd b e ll o w e d lik e a m add e ne d e l e ph ant I s h o u ld h av e c u t h e r h e ad o ff at h e r birth I l e ft h e r gr and s ir e s w ay and le t h e r liv e ; N o w s h e h ath wr o u ght o n m e thi s d e vilry Th e s o n w h o w alk e th no t his fath e r s p ath I s b u t a b as t ard in a br av e m an s e y e s Thu s s aid t h e l e o p ard gr o w n k e e n cl aw e d for s trife I gl o ry in t h e c o nflict and I w is My s ir e i nh e rit e d t h e t as t e fr o m h is L ife m u s t b e ri s k e d wh e n h o nou r is in s ight Why s t riv e s t th o u t o s t ay m e fr o m t h e fight ? I f S am and M inii chihr s h all ge t a h andl e O f wh at I
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TH E S H A H N A M A
‘
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O F F I R DA U S I
Ag ains t u s s m o k e will go u p fr o m Kab u l S e e dti m e and h arv e s t c e as e thr o u gh o u t t h e l and S h e s aid : O m archlo rd ! do no t s p e ak s o wildly S am kno w e th all : b e no t s o gr e atly m o v e d H e l e ft t h e Kargas ars fo r thi s : all k n o w it Mihrab r e pli e d : F air d am e ! d e c e iv e m e no t C ou ld o ne i m agine wind o b e yi ng d u s t I c ar e no t I s o th o u c ans t k e e p u s s c athl e s s A b e tt e r s o n in law th an no bl e zal Th e r e c anno t b e as all k no w gr e at and s m all Wh o is th e r e fr o m Ahwa z t o K and ahar Th at w is h e t h no t t o b e affi ne d t o S am ? Gr e at pri nc e ! ne e r m ay I b e e nfo rc e d S h e s aid : To u s e d e c e it with th e e ; thy h ar m is m i ne ; I s h ar e thy s o rr o w s Wh at I s aid is tr u e I h ad at fir s t A nd it w as o n my m i nd My s e lf t h e s am e m i s givi ng which is why Th o u s aw s t m e lyi ng d o wn ab s o rb e d in gri e f ; Bu t if thi s is t o be t is n o t s o s tr ang e A s t o o cc as i o n thi s anxi e ty S arv o f Y am an pl e as e d F ar idun ; pri nc e z sl I s no t u nm i ndfu l o f th at pr e c e d e n t By m i ngling fi re with w at e r air with e arth E arth s d ark fac e is m ad e bright S h e br o u ght S a m s ans w e r R ej o ic e ! Th o u h as t thy wi s h Wh e n A nd s aid : s tr ang e r s Affi ne with th e e thy fo e s gr o w bl ack o f fac e Th o u gh v e ng e fu l s till and gr e atly mo ve d Mihrab G av e e ar th e n b ade h e r : R ou s e and bring Rudab a S indu k h t in t e rr o r l e s t th at li o n m an S h o u ld lay h e r d au ght e r d e ad u p o n t h e du s t R e plie d : Fir s t pr o m i s e t o re s t o re h e r t o m e U ns c ath e d and th at Kab u lis t an s h all s till P os s e s s thi s R o s ary l ik e P ar adi s e ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
PI RDA U S I
‘
OF
17
H o w M inuchihr heard
f
o
the Cas e
f
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Z cil
and
Buddha
of th e
fri e nd s hip o f Mihrab and zal A nd o f th at no bl e ill m atch e d p air o f l o v e r s R e ach e d M inii ch ihr Th e m att er w as dis c u s s e d B e fo r e h im by t h e arch m age s S aid t h e S hah A di s m al ti me will c o m e o n u s h e r e by Did F aridun p u rg e thi s w o rld o f Z ahh ak Th at at Kab u l Mihrab—h is s e e d—m ight fl o u ri s h Thi s l o v e o f za rs mu s t no t thr o u gh o u r ne gl e ct R e s t o r e t h e dr o o ping pl ant t o it s o ld vig o u r I f fr o m t h e d au ght e r o f Mihrab and z ai Th e s o n o f S am a s h arp S w o rd s h ou ld b e dr awn O n o n e s id e h e will b e an ali e n A nd h o w s h all antid o t e agr e e with b ane ? Whil e if h e fav o u r e th t h e m o th e r s s id e H is h e ad will b e p o s s e s s e d by e vil pr oj e ct s H e will fu lfil Ira n with s trife and tr av ail I n h o p e t o w in t h e cr o w n and tr e as u r e b ack Wh at is y o u r r e d e ? S triv e t o advis e m e w e ll Th e n all t h e archim ag e s bl e s s e d t h e S hah Th e y h ail e d h im as t h e ki ng o f t h e P u r e Fal t h Th o u art m o r e wi s e th an w e and h as t A nd s aid : M o r e p o w e r t o ac t Le t wi s d o m b e thy g u id e A nd wi s d o m s qu arry is t h e Dr ag o n s h e art Th e S hah d e s ir ou s t o c o n cl u d e t h e m att e r S e nt for N and ar with li e ge s and gr e at m e n A nd b ad e h im : Go t o S am t h e c av ali e r A s k : Wh at h ath b e e n thy fo rt u ne in t h e w ar ? A nd h avi ng s e e n him s ay : C o m e hith e r fir s t A nd j ou r ne y h o m e fr o m u s N au d ar s e t fo rth A nd v ali ant s sm i nfo r m e d o f h is appr o ach N e ws
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M I N tI OH I H R
2 89
W e nt with t h e p al adi ns t o w e lc o m e h im With m ighty e l e ph ant s and k e ttl e dru m s Ano n th e y m e t and i nt e rch ange d th e ir gr e e ti ngs Th e h e r o S am r ej o ic e d t o s e e t h e pri nc e Who gave his fath e r s m e s s age S am r e pli e d I will o b e y and j o y t o l o o k o n him Fo r th at day th e y r e m ai ne d t h e g u e s t s o f S am Th e s ight o f wh o m r ej o ic e d t h e c o m p any ; Th e y s pre ad t h e b o ard th e y t o o k t h e c u p in h and A nd fir s t th e y dr ank t h e h e alth o f M iniic hih r The n o f N and ar and th e n o f S am and all Th e chi e ft ains no t fo rg e tti ng any pr o vi nc e Th e liv e l o ng night w as s p e nt in r e v e lry Bu t with t h e s u nri s e r o s e t h e din o f ty m b al s ; 1 Th e s p e e dy dr o m e d ari e s s pr e ad th e ir wing s A nd t o w ard t h e p al ac e o f S hah M inii c h ih r Th ey w e nt as bidd e n Wh e n h e h e ard th e r e o f H e h ad t h e p al ac e o f t h e S hah s pr e p ar e d The n fr o m S ari and fr o m A m u l r o s e din A s wh e n a fi e rc e s e a h e av e t h fo r t h e s p e ar m e n M arch e d in th e ir m ail with h e avy d art s a h o s t Th at r e ach e d fr o m r ang e t o r ang e with s hi e ld o n s hi e ld Wh o s e re d and ye ll o w bl e nt with tym b al s pip e s G o ngs Ar ab h o r s e s e l e ph an t s and t re as u r e s O n s u ch a fas hi o n m arch e d th at ar m am e n t With fl ag s and k e ttl e dr u m s o n w e lc o me b e nt .
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1
H o w 8 am
8
me to M inuchihr
ca
S am
r each e d t h e c ou rt alit and w as r e c e iv e d In au di e nc e by t h e S h ah at s ight o f wh o m H e ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd and th e n appr o ach e d pr e s e nc e ; M t ph oric all y of c r e ,
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TH E S H A H N A MA
6
29
OF
P I RDA
'
US I
Whil e M inri chih r e nc ro wne d with s p arkli ng ge ms R o s e fr o m his iv o ry thr o ne and m ad e S am s it B e s id e h im s h o we d t h e chi e ft ai n all o b s e rv anc e A nd q u e s ti o ne d h im at l arg e and anxi o u s ly Ab ou t t h e Kargas ars abo u t h is tr o o p s Ab ou t t h e fi e rc e d ivs o f Ma z and ara n L iv e h appy eve r Th e chi e f t o ld all and s aid : 0 S hah I N e e r m ay fo e s m alic e t ou ch thy life I m arch e d u p o n th at l and o f v ali an t d ivs A nd s u ch d iv s t o o lik e li o ns in t h e fight M o r e s wift th an Ar ab h o rs e s and o u t d aring Th e w arri o rs o f Ira n ! Th e fi e rc e S ags ars P ard s in t h e fr ay— c o nc e r ne d at m i ne appr o ach S e nt u p t h e b attl e cry withi n th e ir citi e s A n d all t u r ne d o u t t o fi gh t — a m ighty h o s t Fr o m m o u nt ain u nt o m o u nt ain nau ght b u t m e n S o th at t h e bright day v ani s h e d in t h e d u s t All e ag e r fo r t h e fr ay th e y c am e u p o n m e C am e with a r e ckl e s s r u s h ! A p anic fe ll Up o n m y tr o o p s H o w s h all I b e ar I th o u ght Thi s ang u i s h ? and I s aw no t ; fo r t h e br u nt I r o ar e d ag ai ns t th e m H ad fall e n th e n o n m e 1 whirl d a a c th a t w igh e d hr e h u n dr d m a n t m e e e e s I e I c am e am o ng th e m A nd u rg e d m i ne ir o n s t ee d A nd br aine d th e m till t h e fo e w as p anic s trick e n Th e gr and s o n o f t h e v ali ant w o rldlo rd S al m A s tw e r e a w o lf w as fo r e m o s t o f th e m all Th e y o u th w as nam e d K ark w i a l o ft y Cypr e s s D es c e nd e d thr o u gh h is m o th e r fr o m Z ah h ak Th e h e ad s o f no bl e s w e r e b u t d u s t t o h im H is ar m y thr o ng e d lik e l o c u s ts o r lik e ant s Wh e n t h e d u s t A nd hid d al e pl ai n and m o u nt ai n R o s e fr o m th at gr e at h os t and my tr o o p s t u rne d p al e I r e ar e d t h e m ac e wh e r e o f o ne bl o w s u ffi ce t h ,
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A Pe
ri
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of
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tly in diff r nt l c liti
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o a
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'
292
P I RDA U S I
'
TH E S H A H N A M A
OF
w o rld fr e e d fr o m h is foe s Th e night p as s e d qu ickly I n r e v e lry and pr ai s e s o f t h e chi e ft ai n At d aw n t h e S hah h e ld au di e nc e s am dr e w ne ar A nd h avi ng d o n e o b e i s anc e s ou ght t o s p e ak Ab o u t Mihrab and z al b u t w as pr e v e nt e d By M iniich ih r w h o s aid with angry l o o k s D e p art with ch o s e n chi e fs b u r n H indii s t an Th e p al ac e o f Mihrab and all Kab u l Le t no t Mihrab e s c ap e ; h e is a r e m nant L e ft o f t h e Dr ag o n s s e e d and fi lle t h e arth With t u rm o il A s fo r h is alli e s and ki ndr e d S m it e o ff th e ir h e ad s and p u rify t h e w o rld Of all t h e kith and ki ndr e d o f Zah h ak S am d ar e d no t s p e ak s o wr athfu l w as t h e S hah Bu t ki s s e d t h e thr o ne th e n g e n tly pr e s s e d h is fac e Ag ai ns t t h e fam o u s s igne t and r e pli e d My c o nd u ct s h all acqu it t h e S hah o f v e nge anc e Th e n with h is h o s t h e s ou ght his o w n ab o d e O n s t e e d s th at w e nt lik e wi nd al o ng t h e r o ad Th e
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19
H o w S am w ent t o
War
aga ins t
M ihrab
Mihrab and z si b ad ne w s o f wh at h ad p as s e d B e tw e e n t h e S hah and s am Kab u l w as m o v e d A nd cri e s r o s e fr o m t h e p al ac e o f M ihrab N o w wh e n S indu k h t Mihrab and e e n Rii dab a D e s p air e d o f s avi ng e ith e r life o r g o o d s z enl e ft Kab u l e xcl ai mi ng as h e w e n t With dr o o pi ng m i e n y e t r e s o l u t e with al Th e Dr ag o n gri m wh o s e br e ath w o u ld bu r n t h e w o rld M u s t t ak e m y h e ad o ff e re h e t ou ch Kabu l I n gr e at c o nc e r n h e h as t e d o n h is j o u rne y With mu ch t o t hink ab o u t and m u ch t o s ay ,
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M IN
UCH I H R '
29 3
N e ws r e ach e d br av e 8 am : Th e Li o n s Wh e lp h ath c o me Th e tr o o p s b e s tirr e d th e m s e lv es and go t in r e adi ne s s Th e y b e at t h e t y m b als Th e fl ag o f F aridi m A nd chi e f and h o s t w e nt ou t t o w e lc o m e z si Wi t h e l e ph ant s wh o s e b ack s w e r e drap e d with b anne r s zal o n s e e i ng O f y e ll o w re d and vi o l e t H is fath e r s fac e alight e d and appr o ach e d Afo o t as did t h e chi e fs o f b o th t h e h o s t s S am s p e nt a w hil e A nd br av e z sl ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd I n c o nv e r s e with h is s o n w h o th e n r e m o unt e d H is ch e s t nu t Ar ab lik e a hill o f g o ld While all t h e chi e fs appro ach e d him in c o n c e r n Thy fath e r is di s pl e as e d with th e e th e y t o ld h im ; M ak e thi ne e x c u s e and b e no t o b s ti nat e I fe ar no t fo r m an s e nd is d u s t H e s aid : My s ir e if s ane will no t u ns ay h is w o rd s A nd if at fir s t h e s p e ak e th angrily Will aft e r w e e p fo r s h am e Th e y r e ach e d S a m s c o u rt With m u ch g o o d ch e e r H e light e d and g ave au di e nc e To z al w h o ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd b e fo r e h is s ir e 1 With ru ffl e d fe ath e rs o ffe ring pr ai s e whil e t e ar s F e ll fr o m h is e y e s and w as h e d his r o s y ch e e k s Gl ad b e t h e p al adin s s hr e wd h e art h e s aid A nd m ay his s pirit b e t h e s l av e o fj u s tic e Thy falchi on s c o rc h e t h ad am an t e arth w e e p e th Wh e n th o u art fighti ng Wh e r e thy ch arg e r pranc e t h Th e l aggi ng s o ldi e rs h as t e and v e rily Wh e r e h e ave n h ath fe lt t h e s t o r m bl as t o f thy m ac e I t dare t h no t arr ay it s h o s t Al l e arth I s ve rd ant with thy j u s tic e and t h e S pirit O f wi s d o m is a s e e dli ng o f thy s t o ck All j oy in thy j u s t d e ali ng ; e arth and ti me Z nis re gard d m e taph oricall y a ha lf b i d Cf pp 3 0 2 3 0 4 ’
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TH E S H A H N A M A
2 94
R e c e iv e it
PI RDA U S I
’
OF
thy h and s S o do no t I ; I h av e n o s h ar e th o u gh thi ne ack no wl e dg e d kin s m an I am t h e d u s t fe d nu r s li ng o f a bird A nd k no w no fe u d with any and no fau lt To gi v e o cc as i o n t o an e ne m y S av e thi s th at S am t h e h e r o is m y s ir e A nd m ine acc o m pli s h m e n t b e ne at h s u ch birth O r e v e r I w as b o rn th o u did s t e xp o s e m e Up o n t h e m o u nt ai ns h arr o wi ng my m o th e r A nd givi ng t o t h e fl am e s a thri v ing child I s aw no cr adl e and no br e as t o f m ilk I h ad no m e m o ry o f any kin dr e d Fo r th o u dids t c as t m e o u t d e priv e m y h e art Of p e ac e and t e nd e r ne s s and s triv e agains t Th e M ak e r for w h o m ak e th whit e and bl ack ? N o w s inc e t h e M ak e r h ath pr o vid e d fo r m e A nd l o o k e d u p o n m e with a M as t e r s e y e S kill m anh o o d and a h e r o s s w o rd are m i ne A nd o ne fri e n d t o o hi m s e lf t h e cr o wn o f chi e fs Th e br av e wi se pr u d e n t m o narch o f Kabu l I s oj o u r n e d at Kab u l by thy c o mm an d A nd m i n dfu l o f t h y c o u ns e l and thy pl e dg e Th o u s aid s t : I ne e r will v e x th e e b u t will bri ng Th e tr e e th at th o u h as t pl an t e d i nt o fr u it Ye t bri ng e s t thi s gift fr o m Ma zand ara n A n d h as t e s t fr o m t h e K argas ars t o fu rth e r Th e r u i n o f my h o m e : s u ch is thy j u s tic e ! B e h o ld I s t and b e fo r e th e e and e xp o s e My b o dy t o thy wrath S aw m e as u nd e r Bu t u tt e r no t a w o rd ag ai ns t Kab u l Do as th o u wilt ; t h e p o w e r is all thi ne o wn Bu t m i s chi e f t o Kab u l is d o ne t o m e Th e chi e f att e nd e d t o z al s w o r ds th e n b o w e d Tis all tru e and I H is h e ad and ans w e r e d H av e d e al t with th e e u nj u s tly fr o m t h e fir s t at
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1 93
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TH E S H AH N A M A
2 96
PI RDA U S I
’
OF
Whil e thy p u r e h e art and s t ai nl e s s F aith c o ns tr ain B o th w o lf and s h e e p t o w at e r at thy ci s t e rn A s l av e am I wh o s e r ac e is ru n a s l av e Wh o h ath att aine d t o s ixty y e ar s twic e t o ld My h e ad is s tr e wn with c am ph o r du s t—a cr o w n Th at s u n and m o o n h av e giv e n m e I girt My w arri o r l o ins and s l av e d I fo u ght t h e w arl o ck s 1 N o ne e e r s aw h o r s e m an r e in his s t e e d fe ll chi e fs My m ighty m ac e O r wi e ld a m ac e lik e m e E clip s e d t h e w arri o r s o f Ma z and ara n Did nau ght b e s id e e x al t m e o v e r all Th e r e w as a dr ag o n h au nti ng t h e K as h af I t r e ach e d fr o m city A n d m aki ng e arth afo am To city and fr o m hill t o hill t h e h e art s O f all w e r e fill e d with p anic : m e n k e pt w atch B o th night and day Th at dr ag o n cl e ar e d t h e sk y O f flyin g fo wl and e arth o f b e as t o f pr e y I t s c o rch e d t h e v u ltu r e s fe ath e r s with it s bl as t S e t e arth a bl az i ng wh e r e it s v e no m fe ll Dr agg e d fr o m t h e w at e r gr u e s o m e cr o c o dil es A nd s wiftly flyi ng e agl e s fr o m t h e air fo o t e d b e as t s c e as e d fr o m t h e l and M e n and fou r — S o s e e i ng th at no ne Th e wh o l e w o rld g av e it r o o m D ar e d t o lay h and u p on it in Go d s s tr e ngth I b ani s h e d t e rr o r fr o m m y h e art girt u p My l o ins in H is e x alt e d nam e and r o d e Mi ne e l e ph anti ne s t e e d My s addl e b o r e Mine c x h e ad m ac e u p o n m ine arm I c arri e d My b o w and at m y ne ck my s hi e ld I w e nt F o rth lik e a s av age cr o c o dil e My h and Was k e e n k e e n t o o t h e dr ag o n s br e ath and all F ar e w e ll e d m e wh e n th e y s aw m e wi e ld my m ac e Th e dr ag o n s e e m e d a l o fty m ou nt ain I c am e A nd tr ail e d u p o n t h e gr o u nd it s h airs lik e l as s o s .
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1
i g with C
R ead n
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M I N tI OH I H R
2 97
t ong u e w as lik e a tr e e tru nk ch arr e d it s j aw s We r e o p e n and w e r e lying in my p ath I t s e y e s w e r e like t w o ci s t e r ns fu ll o f bl o o d I t b e ll o w e d wh e n it s aw m e and c ame o n I n fu ry s e e m i ng all afi re O S hah ! Withi n Th e w o rld gan s wi m b e fo re m ine e y e s A bl ack r e e k w e nt u p t o t h e m u rky cl o u d s E arth s s u rfac e s h o o k b e ne ath t h e b e ll o wi ng Th e v e no m s e e m e d t o b e a s e a o f Ch in The n like a g all ant w arri o r I r o ar e d Ag ains t th at dr ago n as a li on r o ar e th A nd t arri e d no t b u t fitt e d t o m y b o w A p o pl ar arr o w tipp e d w ith ad am an t A nd s h o t it at t h e dr ag o n s j aw s t o pin Th e t o ng u e ag ai ns t t h e thr o at ; t h e t o ngu e l o ll e d pinne d ; Ag ai n I s h o t Th e dr ag on w as as t o u nd Again I pi e rc e d t h e m ou th ; t h e cr e at u r e writh e d I s h o t a third s h aft right ad o w n it s j aw s ; I t s h e art s bl o o d s p o u t e d s e e t hi ng Wh e n it cl o s e d A n d pr e s s e d m e h ard I t o o k m i ne o x h e ad m ac e A nd in t h e s tr e ngth o f G o d t h e L o rd o f all Urg e d o n m i ne e l e ph anti ne s t e e d and s m o t e The dr ag o n s h e ad : th o u w ou ld s t h av e s aid th at h e av e n R aine d m ou nt ains d o wn th e r e on I s m as h e d t h e s ku ll A s it h ad b e e n a m ighty e l e ph an t s A nd v e no m p o u r e d fo rth lik e t h e riv e r Nil e S o s tr u ck I th at t h e dr ag o n r o s e n o m o r e W hil e e arth w as l e v e ll e d t o t h e hill s with brains K as h af w as fl o wi ng lik e a s tr e am o f g all A nd all w as p e ac e Th e m ou nt ai n t o p s w e r e thr o ng e d With fo lk w h o c all e d d o wn bl e s s i ng s o n my h e ad B e c au s e th at dr ag o n w as a fe arfu l b ane O n thi s acc ou n t m e n c all e d m e O ne bl o w S am A nd all thr e w j e w e l s o e r m e I d e p art e d With all my s hi ning b o dy b ar e o f mail ; Its
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TH E S H A H N A M A O E
298
F I RDA US I
’
My ch arg er s ar m ou r dr o pp e d fr o m h im in pi e c e s ; I s ick e ne d with t h e v e no m m any d ay s The r e w as no h arv e s t in th o s e p arts fo r y e ar s N or au ght e xc e pt t h e as he s o f bu r n t th o rns To t e ll m y c o nflic t with t h e divs w o uld m ak e Th e l e tt e r t e di o u s b u t in th at and e l s e wh e r e I tr am pl e d u nd e rfo o t t h e h e ad s o f chi e ft ai ns A nd wh e r e s o e e r I r o d e m y wi nd fo o t ch arg e r I cl e ar e d th at r e gi o n o f t h e r e ndi ng li o n A nd n o w thi s m any a y e ar m y s addl e s b ack H ath b e e n m y thr o ne my ch arg e r b e e n m i ne e arth My m as s iv e m ac e h ath br o u ght b e ne ath thy s w ay M a zand ara n and all t h e Kargas ars ; I ne e r h av e as k e d for fi e ld o r fe ll b u t s ou ght To m ak e th e e b o t h vict o ri ou s and h appy My ne ck and m ac e bl o w s are no t wh at th e y w e r e My br e as t and l o i ns are b e nt ; I u s e d t o thr ow A l as s o s ixty c u bit s l o ng b u t now A m b e nt by ti m e and h av e r e s ig ne d m y d u ti e s To z enas w o rthy o f m y m ac e and girdl e L ik e m e h e will d e s tr o y thy fo e s and m ake My h e art gl ad with h is pr o w e s s H e h ath c o m e To as k t h e S hah t o gr ant h is s e cr e t l o nging O ne e xc e ll e nt in G o d s s ight ap art fr o m Wh om Th e r e is no e xc e ll e nc e We h av e no t m o v e d Th e r e i n as y e t b u t w ait t h e gr e at king s will My l o rd t h e S hah Fo r s l av e s mu s t no t pr e s u m e Th e gu ardi an of t h e w o rld h ath s u r ely h e ard H o w o nc e and p u blicly I pr o mi s e d z al Wh e n I w as bri nging him fr o m M ou nt Al b u r z N o t t o r e fu s e h im au ght and h e h ath c o m e B e s me ar e d with bl o o d and d u s t and b o ne s in bit s Tw e r e b e tt e r far With his r e q u e s t He s aid 1 To h ang A mu l th an fall u p o n Kab u l ’
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M infi c hih r s ’
c pit l a
a
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30 0
TH E S H A H N A M A
P I RDA U S I
’
OF
Is t o
t ak e th e e with thy p o ll u t e d child A nd s l ay y o u s h am e fu lly and p u blicly Th e r e at p e rch anc e t h e S hah will b e app e as e d A nd e arth gr o w p e ac e fu l Wh o withi n Kabu l W o u ld d ar e t o s trive with S am or fe e l h is m ac e S indu k h t s ank d o w n b e fo r e him and c o ns id e r e d Th e n h avi ng hit on an e xp e di e nt Fo r s h e w as s hr e wd and s u btl e c am e b e fo r e Th e s u nlike ki ng with fo ld e d ar m s and s aid H e ar b u t o ne w o rd fr o m m e th e n do thy will I f th o u h as t w e alth t o p u rch as e life b e s t o w it A nd k no w th o u th at thi s night is big with fat e Y e t th o u gh night s e e m e th l o ng twill p as s and e ar t h Be lik e a s igne t ri ng o f B ad akh s ha n Mihrab r e pli e d : N 0 o ld wiv e s t al e s t o w arri o r s S ay wh at th o u k no w s t and u s e all m e ans fo r life O r e l s e arr ay th e e in t h e r o b e o f bl o o d Th e r e is no ne e d o f th at gr e at ki ng ! S h e s aid Bu t I m u s t go t o S am t o dr aw thi s s w o rd A nd t o app e al t o h im in fitti ng t e r ms Fo r wi s d o m is t h e c o o k wh e n s p e e ch is raw To l ab o u r fo r o u r liv e s is m y p art thi ne To fi nd t h e pr e s e nt s and e ntr u s t t o m e Thy h o ard e d w e alth H e r e is t h e k ey h e s aid O ne m u s t no t alw ay s gri e v e at s p e ndi ng tr e as u r e Pr e p ar e s l av e s h o r s e s thr o ne s and c as qu e s t o go We y e t m ay s av e o u r c o u n try fr o m t h e fl am e s To s hi ne th o u gh fad e d no w S indu k h t r e pli e d I f th o u d e s ir e s t life h o ld tr e as u r e ch e ap While I av e r t t h e d ang e r th o u m u s t u s e My gr e at e s t c ar e N o h ar s h ne s s t o w ard m y chil d H e r e is h e r life ; giv e m e a pl e dge fo r th at .
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M I N IIOH I H R
30
c ar e no t fo r mys e lf ; all my c o nc e rn A nd tr av ail are fo r h e r S h e t o o k h is pl e dg e Th e n b o ldly fac e d t h e d ang e r cl ad h e r s e lf All in br o c ad e o f go ld with p e arl s and j e w e l s Ab o u t h e r h e ad and fr o m t h e t r e as u ry t o o k Thr e e h u ndre d th o u s and pi e c e s as a l arg e s s Th e y br o u ght fo rth thirty s t e e d s o f Arab s t o ck O r P e rs i an with th e ir s ilv e r n e qu ip ag e A nd s ixty s l av e s with g o ld e n t o rqu e s e ach b e ari ng A g o ld e n g o bl e t bri m m e d with c am ph o r mu s k Go ld tu rqu o i s e s and j e w e l s o f all kind s ; O ne h u ndr e d fe m al e c am e l s with re d h air O ne h u n dr e d b agg ag e m u l e s ; a cr o w n o f j e w e l s Fit fo r a ki ng with arm l e t s t o rqu e s and e arri ngs A thr o ne o f g o ld lik e h e av e n all inl aid With dive r s s o rt s o f g e m s t h e width th e re o f Was twe nty r o y al c u bit s and t h e h e ight Th e s t at u r e o f a no bl e h o r s e m an ; l as tly F ou r m igh ty I ndi an e l e ph ant s t o brin g B al e s fu ll o f w e ari ng s t u ffs and c arp e ti ng I
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H o w S am
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mfort e d S ind u kht
tr e as u r e s h avi ng b e e n d e s p atch e d s h e m o u nt e d I n w arri o r g u i s e s wift as a light ni ng fl as h As s u m e d a R11 m an h e l m and r o d e a s t e e d A s s wift as wind appr o ach e d S a m s c o u rt u nk no wn A nd b ad e t h e o ffic e r s annou nc e h e r th u s A n e nv o y fr o m Kab u l h ath c o m e t o s e e k Th e m ighty chi e f t h e h e r o o f zab u l
Th e
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TH E S H A HN A M A '
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O F F I R DA U S I
Ch arg e d with a m e s s ag e fr o m Mihrab t o s am Th e wi nne r o f t h e w o rld The ch am b e rl ai n We nt t o t e ll S am w h o gr ant e d au di e nc e S indu k h t di s m o u nt e d h as t e d t o t h e chi e f A nd ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd wi t h pr ai s e s o f t h e S hah A nd o f t h e chi e f o f p al adi ns Th e l arg e s s Th e s l av e s t h e h o r s e s and t h e e l e ph ant s S tr e tch e d fr o m t h e g at e t w o m il e s S h e o ffe r e d all To s am w h o s at th e r e d az e d like o ne b e m u s e d With fo ld e d ar ms and dr oo ping h e ad H e th o u ght C o m e fe m al e e nv oy s fr o m s o rich a c o u ntry I f I acc e pt t h e S hah will b e di s pl e as e d I f I d e cline t h e n z ai w ill b e ch agrine d A nd fl ap h is wi ngs ab ou t lik e t h e S imu rgh H e r ai s e d h is h e ad and s aid : A s fo r t h e s e g o o d s Th e s e s l av e s and e l e ph ant s c ap ari s o ne d G o give th e m t o z srs tr e as u r e r as pr e s e nt s S e nt by t h e B e au ty o f Kab u lis t an Th e n fairy fac e d S indu k h t e s s ay e d t o s p e ak R ej o icing th at h e r o ffe ri ng s w e r e acc e pt e d Thr e e o f h e r h and m aid s A nd all h ad e nd e d w e ll With id o l fac e s t all as cypr e s s e s A nd fair as j as m ine b e ari ng e ach a g o bl e t Which bri m m e d with p e arls and r u bi e s p o u r e d th e m ,
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pr o m i s c u ou s s h o w e r b e fo r e t h e chi e ft ai n Thi s d o ne and s tr ang e rs go ne s h e s aid t o S am Thy c o u ns e l m ak e th o ld fo lk y o u ng Th o u t e ach e s t Th e m ighty wi s do m w h o thr o u gh th e e ill u m e Th ou h as t s e al e d u p t h e h and o f ill Th e w o rld A nd o p e ne d with thy m ac e t h e w ay o f Go d Mihrab if any w as t o bl am e and h e Wh at h ave o u r p e o pl e d o ne I s w e e pi ng bl o o d Th at th o u mu s t r az e Kabu l ? Th e y o nly live In
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TH E S H A H N A M A
39 4
Bu t
as
B u rn
fo r
all
PI RDA U S I
g u iltl e s s o f Kab u l th e ir h e art s no r tu rn th e ir d ay s
no t
ne s s
OF
‘
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to
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Th e
p al adin o n h e ar ing s aw in h e r A w o m an o f c o u ns e l and o f ard e nt s o u l With ch e e ks lik e s pring in h e ight a cypr e s s tr e e With r e e d lik e wai s t and ph e as ant s g ai t H e s al d My pl e dg e s h all h o ld alth o u gh it c o s t my life Live s afe ly and r ej o ici ng at Kab u l With all thy ki ndr e d I as s e nt th at zal S h all w e d Rii dab a Th o u gh o u r r ac e is o th e r Th an y o u r s y e t y e d e s e rv e t h e cr o w n and thr o ne ; Th e w o rld s o w agge t h and no s h ame t o u s ; We c anno t s trive ag ai ns t t h e A l m ighty M ak e r Wh o d o th wh at e e r H e will e th in s u ch wi s e Th at w e are e v e r crying o u t : Ah m e O ne is e x alt e d and ano th e r h u m bl e d A nd whil e o ne fare th w e ll ano th e r qu ak e t h Th e h e art o f o ne is fu r ni s h e d by h is i ncr e as e Ano th e r s m ini s h e d by his p o v e rty Bu t aft e r all t h e e nd o f b o th is d u s t Th e e l e m e nt th at s l ay e th e v e ry r ac e I will e x e rt m ys e lf o n thy b e h alf B e c au s e o f thine app e al and bitt e r cry A nd h av e alr e ady writt e n t o t h e S hah A l e tt e r with t h e pl aint o f o ne in p ain H ath g one nay r ath e r A nd z sl h ath g o ne with it H ath fl o wn ! H e s aw no s addl e wh e n h e m ou nt e d A nd th e n h is r o ad s t e r s h o o fs s aw no t t h e gr o u n d Th e S hah will s m il e and giv e a gr aci o u s ans w e r Fo r thi s bird s fo s t e rli ng is o u t o f h e art ; H e s t and e th in t h e m ire m ad e by h is t e ar s A n d if h is s w e e th e art is as fo n d as h e is Th e ir s kins will ne v e r h o ld th e m Prith e e no w Le t m e b e h o ld t h e Dr agon s child j u s t o nc e ,
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T M IN U CH I H R
On
thi ne
t e rms
o wn
Th e
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30 5
ight may w e igh with
me
l o ok s and l o ck s c o m m e nd th e m s e lve s S h e ans w e r e d : If t h e p al adi n will gl add e n H is s l av e le t h im v o u ch s afe t o vi s it h e r I f t o K ab u l H e r h e ad will r e ach high h e av e n We bring a king like th e e w e will pr e s e nt O u r liv e s as o ffe ri ng s S h e s aw h is s mil e s A nd th at all h at e w as r o o t e d fr o m h is h e art A s h e r e pli e d : Be no t c o n c e r ne d ; thi s m att e r “f ill s h o rtly t u r n o u t t o thy wi s h I f b o th h e r
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S indu k h t
Th e n as k ing l e av e withdr e w and w e nt aw ay I n fu ll c o nt e nt h e r ch e e ks lik e g e m s fo r j o y S h e s e nt a l u s ty c o u ri e r lik e wind To t e ll Mihrab : Be e as y in thy m i nd R ej o ic e and m ak e th e e r e ady fo r a gu e s t I fo ll o w qu ickly N e x t day wh e n t h e s u n S h o t u p and h e ad s aw o k e fr o m dr o w s i ne s s S al u t e d as t h e M o o n o f n o bl e d am e s S indu k h t pr o c e e d e d t o t h e c o u rt o f S am Did h im o b e is anc e s p ak e with him at l arg e A nd as k e d p e r m i s s i o n t o go h o m e r ej o ici ng To t e ll Mihrab ab ou t t h e ne w m ad e l e ag u e A nd ge t all r e ady t o r e c e i v e th e ir g u e s t D e p art and t e ll h im e ve rything S am s aid Th ey ch o s e ch o ic e gifts fo r h e r and fo r Mihrab A nd fo r Budab a t o o —th at l o ve s o m e m aid s am g ave S indu kh t with al all th at w as h is Withi n Kabu l o f p al ac e s and g ard e ns Of til th m ilch c attl e c arp e t s and app ar e l Th e n t o o k h e r h and re s w o r e h is o ath and s aid Be h appy at Kab u l and fe ar no fo e ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A '
OF
P I RDA vs f
With favo u ri ng s t ar s t h e p al e M o on s fac e ag ain Gre w bright and s h e w e nt h o m e w ard with h e r tr ai n ’
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5 H o w Z dl
23
me t o M imi chz hr '
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with S a im
Le t ter
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h e ark e n h o w z al far e d with M inach ihr Th at fav ou rit e o f fo rt u ne N e w s arriv e d zal s o n o f S am t h e c av ali e r h ath c o m e Th e no bl e s w e n t t o w e lc o m e h im O n r e achi ng Th e c o u rt h e h ad an au di e nc e and did h o m ag e R e m aining with his fac e u p o n t h e gr o u nd Th e ki nd S hah s h e art w as w o n ; h e b ad e t o p u rg e z al s fac e o f d u s t and s pri nkl e h im with m u s k A nd wh e n t h e w e ll b e l o v e d appr o ach e d t h e thr o ne I nq u ir e d : H o w did s t th ou far e m id wi nd and d u s t O n thy h ard j o u r ne y child o f p al adins zal ans w e r e d : Thr o u gh thy Gr ac e tw as m o r e th an w e ll Th ou t u rne s t e ve ry tr o u bl e t o d e light Th e S hah th e n t o o k S a m s l e tt e r r e ad and s m il e d Th o u h as t i ncr e as e d an an ci e nt gri e f o f m i ne e t fo r thy fath e r s t ou chi ng l e t t e r H e s aid y Which anci e n t S am h ath writt e n in h is tr o u bl e Alth o u gh t h e m att e r h ath m u ch gri e v e d m y h e art I am r e s o lv e d t o thi nk o f it n o m o r e A nd will p e rfo r m and c arry o u t thy wi s h S i n c e th at is all t o th e e ; b u t t arry h e r e Whil e I de lib e r at e o n thi ne affair s Th e c o o k s br o u ght in a s e rvic e all o f g o ld Wh e r e at t h e ki ng o f king s s at d o wn with zal A nd o rd e r e d all t h e chi e ft ai ns t o p art ak e Th e e ati ng d o ne th e y s e rv e d t h e wi ne Th e fe as t Within ano th e r thr o ne r o o m and th at o v e r N ow
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TH E S H A H N A M A
PI RDA U S I
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OF
H o w the A rch znages ques tio ned Z cil
c all e d zal t o pr o v e h im by h ard qu e s ti o ns Th e s hr e wd arch m age s and t h e m e n o f l o r e S at in fu ll c o ncl av e and e x ami ne d h im O n m any m att e rs v e il e d in m y s t e ry O ne as k e d th at m an o f i ns ight wit and k no wl e dg e Wh at are t h e d o z e n cypr e s s e s e r e ct I n all th e ir br av e ry and l o v e line s s E ach o ne o f th e m with thirty b o u gh s b e d e ckt I n P e r s i a ne v e r m o r e and ne ve r l e s s ? Th e s e c o nd s aid : O n o bl e y o u th e xpl ai n Wh at are th o s e t w o s t e e d s mo ving r apidly A s cry s t al bright is thi s o ne o f t h e tw ai n A nd th at o ne s abl e as a pitchy s e a ; Th e y g all o p at t he ir u t m o s t s p e e d and s tr ai n E ach o ne t o c atch t h e o th e r b u t in v ain Wh at are t h e th irty m e n Th e third s aid th u s Wh o rid e b e fo r e th e ir king in o rd e r m e e t A nd s e e m b u t tw e n ty nin e t o th e e b u t wh e n Th o u c ou nt e s t th e m th e ir nu mb e r is c o m pl e t e Wh at is t h e m e ad o w l and Th e fo u rth in qu ir e d : Wh e r e s tr e am s ab ou nd and h e rb ag e gr o w e th s t ro ng To which a fi e rc e m an c o m e th in wh o s e h and Th e r e is a s cy t h e a s h arp o ne and a l o ng H e c u tt e th all t h e gr as s b o th gr e e n and dry A nd if th o u cri e s t h e ar e th no t thy cry ? Wh at are th o s e cypr e s s e s —a l o fty p air L ik e r e e d s ab o ve a s e a wh o s e w at e rs h e av e Ano th e r as k e d and wh at bird me s t e th th e r e O n thi s at m o r ni ng and o n th at at e v e ? Th e bird de p art e th and t h e l e av e s t u rn p al e Th e bird arriv e t h and th e y m u s k e xh al e Th e S hah
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M I N lYC H I H R
30 9
I n all
th e ir v e rd u r e b o th are ne ve r s e e n T o g e th e r b u t o ne s e r e t h e o th e r Th e s ixth s aid : O n a m o u nt ai n I de g cri e d A city th at w as s tr o ngly fo rti fi e d Th e citi z e ns th o s e m e n e xc e e ding wi s e Pr e fe rr e d th e r e t o a t h o rnb rak e o n t h e w as t e ; A nd th e r e as m o narch s o r as s u bj e ct s pl ac e d A t o wn wi t h b u ildi ngs lift e d t o t h e s ki e s Th e m e m o ry o f t h e city no w h ath g o ne Tis no t acc ou nt e d o f by an y o ne ; Bu t s o m e day s u dd e nly t h e e arth will qu ak e Th e c o u ntry v ani s h fr o m t h e s ight o f m e n R e m e m brance o f t h e city will aw ak e A nd l o ng r e gr e t p os s e s s t h e citi z e n N o w l oo k b e hi nd t h e v e il e xpl o r e t h e w o rd s A nd if th o u c ans t t h e s e cr e t s e nse u nfo ld D e cl ar e it h e re in pre s e nc e o f t h e l o rds A nd m ake t h e p u r e s t mu s k fr o m gri m y m o u ld ,
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H o w Zal
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zal for a whil e r e m aine d ab s o rb e d in th o u ght Th e n s h o o k his pl u m ag e s pre ad h is wi ng s and ans w e r e d Fir s t as t o th o s e tw e lv e cypr e s s e s which r e ar Th e ms e lv e s with thirty b o u gh s u p o n e ach tr e e Th e y are t h e tw e lv e ne w m o o ns o f e v e ry y e ar Lik e ne w m ad e m o narch s thr o ne d in m aj e s ty Up o n t h e thirti e th day it s c ou r s e is d o ne Fo r e ach ; th u s o u r r e v o lvi ng p e ri o d s ru n Th o u s p e ak e s t o f t w o charg e r s bl ack and whit e Which lik e A z argas h as p go fl as hi ng by Th e s e t o o are p e ri o d s and in th e ir fligh t P u r s u e e ach o th e r u nr e m itti ngly ,
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PI RDA U S i
TH E S H A H N A M A O F
Th e t wo
th at p as s alo ng are night and day Th e p u l s e s o f t h e s k y are r e ck o ne d s o ; Th e y ne ve r c at ch e ach o th e r as th e y go Bu t fo ll o w as a h o u nd p u r s u e th pr e y Ag ain th o u as k e s t o f t h e thirty m e n Th at rid e b e fo re th e ir k ing in o rd e r m e e t A nd s e e m t o th e e as tw e n ty n i ne b u t wh e n Th o u c ou nt e s t th e m t h e ir nu m b e r is c o m pl e t e Th e y are t h e ph as e s o f t h e m o o n ; o ne night A ph as e fr o m ti me t o ti m e e lu de t h s ight Uns h e ath e w e now t h e hidd e n s e ns e e xpr e s s e d By t w o t all cypr e s s e s abird and ne s t Th e d ark e r li m b o f h e av e n is o p p os e d With Ari e s t o Libr a in t h e h e ight ; Th e nc e til l t h e r e ign o f Pi s c e s h ath b e e n cl o s e d Th e as c e nd ant li m b is th at o f gl o o m and night E ach l o fty cypr e s s tr e e de no t e t h o ne O f th e s e t w o li m b s which c au se o u r s m il e s and t e ars Th e bird which flie t h twixt t he m is t h e s u n 1 O cc as i o n t o t h e w o rld o f h o pe s and fe ar s Ag ai n t h e city b u ilt u p o n t h e m o u nt I s o u r l o ng ho m e t h e s c e ne o f o u racc o u n t Thi s W ay s id e I nn is m e ant by Th o rnb rak e t o w n At o nc e o u r pl e as u r e tr e as u r e p ai n and w o e I t r e ck o ne th e ach br e ath dr aw n h e r e b e l o w A nd b o th e x alt e th u s and c as t e th d o w n ,
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m m tti ng i d m d n tr n mic l n ti n t h i d wh t f ll w t h k y r pr nt d b y t h S ig n f t h Z di c i di i d d i nt light r nd d rk r p rti n li mb t h light r S pri ng nd S mm r b i g r p t d by t h S ign fr m A i t V irg ; nd t h d rk r A t mn nd Wi nt r by th fr m Libr t Pi c li mb lt rn t l y m r l in i d c whil Th th n i c nti lly j r y i ng fr m n li m b t t h th r Th d bl l t rn ti n f light nd d rk n i th cc nt d f ; th t f t h light r nd d rk r m nt f n f t h y r by t h m th n ky nd th t f d y nd night by t h m m nt f t h Th f m r r l m n d ti ny t h l tt r chi fly infl nc h i d il y lif '
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TH E S H A H N A M A
3 12
’
O F F I R DA U S I
tw e r e t he m o o n at fu ll and th e r e th e y qu affe d Wi ne till t h e night fe ll and t h e r e v e ll e r s h e ad s B e c am e b e m u s e d Th e n at t h e p o rt al r o s e S h o u t s fo r t h e s t e eds and gl o ri o u s i n th e ir c u p s Th e w arri o r s gr as p e d h and s and w e nt th e ir w ay s N o w wh e n t h e s u ns hi ne s tr u ck t h e m o u n t ai n t o p s A nd wh e n t h e c hi e fs aw o k e zal r e ady girt A nd li o n lik e appr o ach e d t h e r o y al pr e s e n c e For l e av e t o h ie h im h o m e and thu s h e s aid My gr aci o u s l o rd ! I l o ng t o se e S a m s fac e S i nc e I h av e ki s s e d t h e fo o ti ngs o f t hy thr o ne O f iv o ry thy Gr ac e and cr o wn ill u m e My h e art Th e S hah s aid : Y o u thfu l w arri o r ! Th o u m u s t b e s to w u p o n u s s till o ne day Th o u y e arne s t for t h e d au ght e r o f Mihra b A
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A nd n o t for S am
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b ad e t o c arry g o ng s Wi t h I ndi an b e ll s and cl ari o ns t o t h e gro u nd A n d all t h e w arri o r s w e nt fo rth r ej o icing With l an c e s m ac e s and artill e ry Th e y t o o k th e ir b o w s and p o pl ar s h aft s and le t A m ark s t and fo r t h e fo e Th e y wh e e l e d and s h o w e d Th e ir h o r s e m ans hip with m ac e s w o rd s h aft and l anc e Whil e fr o m a h e ight t h e S hah s e e n o r u ns ee n By th e m o b s e rve d th e ir s kill b u t ne v e r s aw Th e r e s t o od O r h e ard o f h o r s e m ans hip lik e z al s Up on t h e gr o u nd an an ci e nt tr e e zal t o o k H is b o w u rge d o n h is s t e e d and r ai s e d h is nam e By s triki ng th at t all tr e e and pi e rci ng it F u ll in t h e c e ntr e with t h e r o y al s h aft Th e n c e rt ai n o f t h e j av e li n m e n t o o k b u ckl e rs A nd e x e rci s e d with d o u bl e h e ad e d d art s z a l b ad e h is T u rk m an s l av e bri ng s hi e ld s o f hid e Dre w hi m s e lf u p and u rg e d his s t ee d al o ng He
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Th e n dr o pp e d his b o w t o o k h is o w n j ave lin A nd m ad e ne w s p o rt H e s tr u ck and pi e rc e d thr e e s hi e ld s A nd fl u ng th e m t o o ne s id e in high di s d ain Wh at m ighty m an Th e S hah s aid t o t h e chi e fs : Will ch all e ng e h im t o pr o v e his w e ight in c o m b at ? H e h ath k no ck e d d u s t o u t o f t wo h e ad e d d art s A nd arr o w s Th e n t h e w arri o r s d o nn e d th e ir m ail With wr athfu l h e art s and c u r s e s o n th e ir t o ngu e s The y prick e d fo rth t o t h e c o m b at b e aring s p e ar s With h e ad s o f t e mp e r e d s t e e l zal u rg e d h is s t e e d M ade t h e d u s t fly and wh e n t h e b attl e j o ine d S e l e ct e d fr o m t h e r e s t a c av ali e r Of fam e and high e s t at e at wh o m h e ch arg e d z al l e o p ard lik e Th e w arri o r t u rne d and fl e d E m e rgi ng fr o m t h e d u s t s e i z e d o n his b e lt A nd t o o k him fr o m h is s addl e with s u ch c as e Th at b o th t h e S hah and ar m y w e r e as t o u nd N o ne will s e e h is p e e r Th e chi e fs e xcl ai m i ng : M ay h e e ve r b e th u s ard e nt Th e S hah s aid : Th e m o th e r o f t h e m an th at dare t h him To b attl e will w e ar m o u rni ng fo r h e r s o n Th e li o n es s e s b e ar no t o ne s o br av e h e m u s t b e cl as s e d with cr o c o dil e s ! S o br av e A nd S am is bl e s s e d i nd e e d t o l e av e t h e w o rld S u ch a m e m o ri al H e pr ai s e d t h e y o u th A s did t h e fam o u s w arri o r s Th e n th e y w e nt With gird e d l o i ns and c as qu e s u p o n th e ir h e ad s T o w ard t h e p al ac e wh e r e t h e S hah pr e p ar e d A r o b e o f h o no u r th at as t o ni s h e d all Th e chi e ft ai ns with a pr e ci o u s cr o wn and thr o ne O f g o ld with ar m l e t s t o rqu e s and g old e n girdl e s R ich ro b e s s l av e s s t e e d s and o th e r things o f w o rth A nd g av e t h e wh o l e t o zal wh o ki s s e d t h e e arth ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
M inwchihr s A ’
'
O F FI R DA U S I '
S ai nt
ns wer t o
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Th e S hah
th e n wr o t e a v e ry gr aci o u s l e tt e r To S am : R e no w ne d and v ali an t p al adin I n all e m pri s e vict o ri o u s lik e a li o n A nd p e e rl e s s in t h e s ight o f t u r ni ng h e av e n Fo r fe as t fo r fight fo r c o u ns e l and fo r fav ou r ! Th at gl o ri ou s s o n o f thine —br av e zal—at w h o m Th e li o n is agh as t in b attl e tid e The br av e acc o m pli s h e d w arri o r and h o r s e m an O f l as ting fam e h ath c o m e and I o n l e arning Thy wi s h e s and h is l o ngi ng s grant e d him All h is d e s ir e s and c o u nt u p o n his h avi ng A l o ng and gl o ri o u s life S h o u ld l e o p ard hu nt e rs H av e o th e r i s s u e th an t h e s t ro ng cl aw e d li o n ? E x alt e d o e r t h e r e s t and in high fav o u r I l e ft t h e S hah zal s e nt t o S am t o With all th at I c o u ld wi s h — a r o y al r o b e O f h o no u r cr o w ns t o rq u e s ar m l e t s and a thr o ne O f ivo ry and am c o m i ng with all s p e e d My l o vi ng gl o ri ou s s ir e 1 S am gl add e ne d s o Th at his h o ar h e ad gr e w y o u ng H e hu rri e d o ff A h o r s e man t o K ab u l t o t e ll Mihrab Th e ki nd ne s s o f t h e S hah which h ad pr o d u c e d Aft e r z al s r e t u rn S u ch j o y and add e d : We will s e t o u t t o pay th e e o u r r e s p e ct s Mihrab o n h e ari ng Th e m e s s e ng e r s p e d fo rth S o j o y e d t o m ak e Kab u l s S u n h is affi ne Th at thr ou gh his j oy th e d e ad r e t u r ne d t o life A nd ag ed h e ad s gr e w y o u ng Th e y s u mm o ne d mins t re l s A nd o ne h ad s aid t h at all p o u r e d o u t th e ir s ou l s “
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TH E S H A H N A M A
316
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O F FI RDA U S I ‘
Withi n th at ch ambe r ar ab e s qu e d with g o ld 1 Kab u lis t an w as dight in fe s t al t ri m All c o l o u r s c e nt and w e al t h Th e y h o u s e d t h e b ack s O f t h e e l e ph ant s wit h rich br o c ad e o f Rum A nd s e at e d o n th e m m ins tr e l s w e ari ng cr o w ns All w as pr e p ar e d fo r w e lc o m ing t h e g u e s ts A nd all t h e s l av e s w e r e s u mm o n e d t o s tr e w m us k A nd S pic e ry t o pu t d o wn fu r s and s i lks To fli ng d o w n g o ld and mu s k and s pri nkl e r o u nd Wine and r o s e w at e r o n t h e d u s ty gr o u nd ’
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H o w Z ci l
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zal s p e d lik e bird o n wi ng o r s hip at s e a A nd all th at h e ard o f his appr o ach w e nt o u t The p al ac e r ang To w e lc o m e h im with j o y With s h o u t s : z ai h ath s u cc e e d e d and r e t u rne d S am m e t him j o yfu lly and h e ld him cl o s e E mbr ac e d Wh e n zal h ad di s e ng ag e d hi ms e lf H e ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd and t o ld h is ne w s Ano n S am s e at e d o n h is s pl e ndid thr o ne with zal Blith e h e art e d and in gr e at c o nt e nt b e g an To t e ll ab o u t t h e m att e r o f S indu k h t A w o m an nam e d A nd k e pt his c o u nt e nanc e : S indu kh t br o u ght m e a m e s s ag e fr o m Kabu l A nd m ad e m e pr o m i s e no t t o b e h e r fo e I gr ant e d all th at s h e w as pl e as e d t o as k Fir s t th at t h e fu t u r e m o narch o f zab u l S h all h av e t h e B e au ty o f Kab u l t o wife A n d ne xt th at w e will go and b e h e r g u e s t s To h e al all s o r e s N o w s h e h ath s e n t t o s ay .
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M IN
UC H I H R
All thi ngs are r e ady s c e nte d and ad o rne d Wh at ans w er s h all w e s e nd high b o rn Mihrab ? Th e n zal bl u s he d ru by re d fro m h e ad t o fo o t With s u dd e n j o y and s aid : O p al adi n ! I f it s e e m go o d t o th e e s e n d o n t h e tr o o p s ” A nd le t u s fo ll o w and di s c u s s t h e m att e r S am s m il e d at zal aw ar e o f h is d e s ire Fo r h e c o u ld t alk o f no thi ng b u t R adaha A nd go t no s l e e p at night s fo r thi nki ng o f h e r s am b ad e t o s o u nd t h e g o ng s and In di an b e ll s A nd h av e pr e p ar e d t h e r o y al t e nt e ncl o s u r e H e s e nt a c am e l e e r a v ali ant m an To adv e rti s e t h e li o n lik e Mihrab Th e chi e ft ai n is u p o n his w ay with zal A nd e l e ph ant s and tr 0 0 p s e s c o rti ng th e m H e w e n t with s p e e d and to ld Mihrab wh o j o y e d ; H is c h e e k s gr e w r u ddy as t h e c e rcis bl o o m H e s o u nd e d tr u m p e t s m o u nt e d k e ttl e dr u m s A nd fu rn i s h e d fo rth his ar m y lik e t h e e y e Of ch anticl e e r H u g e e l e ph ant s and m ins tr e l s M ad e e arth a P aradis e fr o m e nd t o e nd Wh at wi t h t h e m any fl ag s o f p aint e d s ilk O f div e r s c o l ou rs s ou nd o f pip e s and h arp s Th e bl as t o f tr u m p e ts and t h e din o f g o ngs I t is a fe s ti val O ne w o u ld h av e s aid : Th e R e s u rr e cti o n o r t h e L as t Gr e at Day Th u s w e n t Mihrab till h e e nc o u nt e r e d S am H e th e n di s m o u nt e d and appr o ach e d o n fo o t Th at p al adin o f p al adi ns e m br ac e d him A nd as k e d if all w e r e w e ll M ihrab b e g an To c o m pl im e n t b o th s am and zal th e nlik e Th e ne w m o on ri s i ng o e r t h e m ou nt ain t o p s H e m o u nt e d h is fl e e t s te e d and s e t a cr o w n O f g o ld and j e w e l s o n t h e h e ad o f zal C o nv e rs ing o f t h e p as t th e y r e ach e d Ka bu l ’
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21
8
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TH E S H A H N A M A
OF
PI R DA
'
US I
Wh at with t h e cl ang o f I ndi an b e ll s t h e s o u nd s O f lyr e and h arp and pip e o ne w o u ld h av e s aid Th e r o o fs and d o o r s m ak e m u s ic Ti m e s are ch ang e d Th e h o r s e s m ane s and fo r e l o ck s ran with s affr o n Th e n with thr e e h u ndr e d fe m al e s l av e s A nd m u s k With gird e d l o ins e ach with a c u p o f g o ld Which bri mm e d with mu s k and g e m s S indu k h t ap ,
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p A nd all
bl e s s e d S am and s h o w e r e d fo rth t h e j e w e l s E ach p e r s on pr e s e nt o n th at h appy day S am s m il e d and as k e d H ad tr e as u r e t o t h e fu ll H o w l o ng wilt th o u c o nc e al Budab a th u s ? I f th o u w ou ld s t s e e t h e S u n S indu k h t r e pli e d : Wh at is my fe e S am ans w e r e d : Wh at th ou wil t My tr e as u r e s cr o w n thr o ne c o u ntry— all are thine Th e y s o u ght t h e ch amb e r ar ab e s qu e d with g o ld Wh e r e all w as j o cu nd S pring and s am e nt r anc e d S tr u ck d u m b and d azz l e d vi e w e d t h e m o o n fac e d m aid At l as t h e s aid t o z al : Th ou l u cky y o u th G o d gr e atly h e lp e d th e e wh e n thi s gl o ri o u s S u n Thy Ch o ic e S e t h e r affe cti o ns o n th y fac e I s ch o ic e i nd e e d By S a m s d e s ir e Mihrab Appr o ach e d t o e x e cu t e t h e l e g al c o ntr act Th e y pl ac e d t h e h appy c o u pl e o n o ne thr one A nd s c att e r e d e m e r ald s and c ar ne li ans H e r c oro ne t w as wr ou ght o f g o ld and h is Mihrab pr o d u c e d and r e ad O f r oy al g e m s Th e i nv e nt o ry o f h is d au ght e r s do wry Tis m o r e th an e ar c an h e ar Till o ne h ad cri e d s am w as c o nfou nd e d wh e n h e r e ali s e d Th e tr e as u r e s and i nv o k e d t h e nam e o f Go d Th e n h all and city r e v e ll e d for a w e e k Th e p al ac e w as a P ar adi s e in rapt u r e s .
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29
The S tory
f
o
r
t he Bi th
f
o
R u s t am
E re
l o ng t h e no bl e Cypr e s s w as in b e ari ng D e light s o m e S pri ng gr e w s e r e h e r h e art w as s ad S h e w e pt bl o o d fo r t h e b u rd e n th at s h e b o re G one w as h e r c e rcis bl o om h e r che e ks w e r e s affro n S indu k h t s aid u nt o h e r : L ife o f thy m o th e r ! Why h as t th o u gr o wn s o w an ? Rudab a ans w e r e d By night and day I cry fo r h e lp I lie S l e e pl e s s and with e r e d lik e a living c o rp s e My ti me h ath c o me b u t no t d e live r anc e U n t il th at c am e s h e l ack e d b o th r e s t and s l e e p O ne w ou ld h av e s aid : H e r s kin is s t u ffe d with s t o ne s O r ir o n N o w o ne day s h e s w o o ne d and s hri e ks R os e fr om t h e h all s o f zal S indu kh t b e w ail e d Pl u ck e d o u t h e r r av e n tr es s e s m u s k p e rfu me d A nd t o r e h e r fac e Th e n o ne anno u nc e d t o zal Th e l e av e s h av e with e r e d o n thy l o ft y Cypr e s s A nd h e with t e arfu l ch e e ks and s trick e n h e art Appr o ach e d t h e c ou ch wh e reo n R11 dab a lay Th e fe m al e s l ave s w e r e t e ari ng o u t th e ir h air U nv e il e d with t e arfu l fac e s Th e n o cc u rre d A th o u ght t o z al which e as e d h im o f hi s ang u i s h 1 H e s m iling t o ld Th e pl u m e o f t h e S imu rgh S indu k h t th e n br o u ght a c e ns e r kin dl e d fi re Th e air gr e w d ark A nd b u r nt s o m e o f t h e pl u m e A nd th at i m p e ri ou s bird s w o o p e d d o w n—a Cl ou d Wh o s e dr o p s w e r e p e arl s p e arl s s ay I r ath e r p e ac e zal did o b e i s anc e l o ng and prai s e d h e r mu ch Wh e r e fo r e is this gri e f S h e th u s addr e s s e d h im : Thi s m o is tu r e in t h e mighty L i o n s e y e ? ,
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M I N ( ICH I H R
32 1
Fr o m thi s mo o n fac e d and s ilv e r b o s o m e d Cypre s s Will c o m e a no bl e b ab e Th e m ighty li o n Will ki s s t h e d u s t u p o n h is fe e t N o cl o u d Will d ar e t o p as s ab o ve him Wh e n h e s h o u t e th The p ard will s plit it s s ki n and g naw it s p aw s The w arri o r s th at s e e his whi zz i ng m ac e H is ch e s t h is ar ms and ne ck will h e ar h is v o ic e With qu aki ng h e art s s t e e l e at e r s th o u gh th e y b e A nd g all an t fight e r s ; fo r thi s child will pr o v e I n c o u n s e l s and in r e d e a w e ighty S am I n h e ight a cypr e s s tr e e in wr ath a li o n I n s tr e ngth an e l e ph an t and fi llip brick s Tw o m il e s H is birth will no t b e nat u r al S o will e th H e w h o giv e th g o o d Bring th o u A bl u e s t e e l d agg e r s e e k a c u nni ng m an B e mu s e t h e l ady firs t with wi ne t o e as e H e r p ai n and fe ar th e n le t h im ply his cr aft A nd t ak e t h e Li o n fr o m it s l air by pi e rci ng H e r w ai s t whil e all u nc o ns ci o u s th u s i m br u i ng H e r s id e in bl o o d and th e n s titch u p t h e g as h Pu t tr o u bl e c ar e and fe ar as id e and br u i s e Wi t h m ilk and mu s k a h e rb th at I will s h o w th e e A nd dry th e m in t h e s h ad e Dr e s s and ano i nt Rudab a s w o u nd and w atch h e r c o m e t o life Ru b o e r t h e w o u nd m y pl u m e it s gr aci ou s s h ad e Will pr o v e a bl e s s i ng Le t thi s gl add e n th e e Th e n go b e fo r e t he L o rd wh o h ath b e s t o w e d Thi s r o y al Tr e e which e v e r b lo s s o m e t h G o o d fo rtu ne Be no t tr o u bl e d fo r thi s m att e r B e c au s e t hy fe rtil e B o u gh will yi e ld th e e fr u it S h e s p ak e and pl u cking fr o m h e r wing a pl u me Dro pp e d it and fl e w al o ft z al pick e d it u p A nd did O m ar v e l as t h e bird h ad s aid Whil e e v e ry o ne l o o k e d o n am az e dly With w ou nd e d s pirit and with bl o o d s h o t e y e s -
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TH E S H A H N A M A
322
P I R DA U S I
'
OF
S indu k h t
w e pt t e ars o f bl o o d in t o rre nt s as king H o w s h all t h e i nfan t c o m e fo rth thr o u gh t h e s id e ? Th e r e c am e an archi m ag e o ne d e ft o f h and Wh o m ad e t h e m o o n fac e d d am e b e mu s e d wi th wine Th e n pi e rc e d h e r s id e whil e s h e w as all u nc o ns ci o u s A nd h aving t u rne d t h e i nfan t s h e ad aright D e liv e r e d h e r u ni nj u r e d N o ne h ad s e e n A thi ng s o s tr ang e Th e b ab e w as l ik e a li o n A h e r o t all and fair t o l o o k u p o n B o th m e n and w o m e n w o nd e r e d at h im no ne H ad h e ard o f s u ch an e l e ph anti ne child A day and night t h e m o th e r lay as l e e p B e mu s e d u nc o ns ci ou s Th e y t h e whil e s e w e d u p Th e w o u n d and e as e d t h e ang u i s h with t h e dr e s s i ng Wh e n s h e aw o k e and whi s p e r e d t o S indu k h t Th e y s h o w e r e d g o ld and j e we l s o v e r h e r A nd pr ai s e d t h e Al m ighty Th e n th e y br ou ght t h e b abe To h e r e xt o lli ng h im as h e av e nly Th e fir s t day th o u h ad s t c all e d h im tw e lv e m onth s old A v e ry h e ap o f li li e s m ix e d with t u lip s Th e l o fty Cypr e s s s m il e d u p o n t h e b ab e P e rc e iv e d in h im t h e Gr ac e o f ki ng o f ki ng s A nd I am m agnifi e d s h e s aid and gri e f I s o ve r S o th e y nam e d t h e in fant R u s t am Th e y m ad e o f s ilk a h e role t t h e s i ze O f th at u ns u ckl e d Li o n s t u fli ng it With s abl e s h air and li mni ng S 0 1 and Ve nu s Up o n t h e ch e e k s with dr ag ons o n t h e ar ms B e ne ath A nd o n t h e h and s a li o n s cl aw s Th e arm th e r e w as a s p e ar m ac e in o ne h and Th e y s e t t h e p u pp e t A nd bridl e in t h e o th e r Up o n a ch e s t nu t h o r s e with gr e at att e nd anc e ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
324
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O F F I R DA U S I '
N ow
th at t h e b ack s o f b o th o f u s are s tr aight e ne d We o nly nee d t o pr ay th at w e m ay liv e C am e lik e a r u s hi ng wi nd t he m e s s e ng e r To zal o f ard e n t and e x u lti ng h e art T o ld h im o f S a m s d e light and g av e t h e l e tt e r A s s o o n as zal h ad h e ard th o s e pl e as an t w o rd s Which c au s e d t h e cl e ar brai ne d h e r o add e d j oy H e r ai s e d h is ne ck t o t o u ch t h e az u r e s k y Th u s w e nt t h e w o rld with z al and s h o w e d it s p u rp o s e Te n nu r s e s s u ckl e d R u s t am fo r fr o m m ilk B e i ng w e ane d A re s tr e ngth and c o ns titu ti o n H e liv e d o n br e ad and fl e s h H e at e as m u ch A s fi v e and p e o pl e t u r ne d fr o m s u ch r e p as t s 1 Wh e n R u s t am h ad att aine d t h e h e ight o f e ight A nd gr o w n a no bl e Cypr e s s o r bright S t ar A S t ar wh e r e at t h e w o rld w as all ag az e Th o u w ou ld s t h ave s aid : Tis v ali ant S am ind e e d I n s t at u r e wi s d o m c o u nt e nanc e and r e d e ”
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h e ard : Th e s o n o f z al is lik e a li o n N one e v e r s aw a child s o fi e rc e and s t alw art H is h e art w as s tirr e d in h im and h e r e s o lv e d Hi m s e lf t o s e e t h e b o y H e l e ft in ch arg e Th e c apt ai n o f t h e h o s t and w e nt with e s c o rt Dr aw n by h is l o ve t o w ard z ab u lis t an Th e n e arth gr e w e b o n fo r 2 51 1 h e ard t h e ne w s B o u nd o n t h e d r u ms and w e nt with br ave Mihrab Wh e n zal h ad dr o pp e d t h e b all To w e lc o m e S am S h o u t s o f de p art u r e r o s e o n e v e ry s id e :
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UCH I H R
325
tr e tch e d ou t fr o m hill t o hill With bu ckl e r aft e r b u ckl e r re d and y e ll o w Th e n tru m p e t e d t h e e l e ph ant and ne igh e d Th e Ar ab s t e e d fi v e mil e s th at din r e s ou nd e d Th e y h ad o ne m ighty e l e ph an t c ap ari s o ne d A nd fu r ni s h e d with a go ld e n thr o ne wh e r e o n Th e s o n o f z al s at with h is cypr e s s fo r m A nd wh at a n e ck and s h o u ld e r s I cr o wne d and girt With b o w and s h aft s in h and and s hi e ld b e fo r e him S am s aw and r ank e d h is tr o o p s u p on e ach s id e Mihrab and S am dis m o u nt e d and t h e e ld e r s F e ll pr os tr at e c alli ng bl e s s ings d o w n o n S am Wh o s e fac e bl o o m e d lik e a r o s e With gl add e ne d h e art H e s m il e d t o s e e t h e child s o s tr o ngly b u ilt A li o n s W h e lp u p o n an e l e ph an t H e h ad th e m br o u ght j u s t as th e y w e r e s u rv e y e d Th e b oy th u s cr o w ne d and thr o ne d and bl e s s e d h im s ayi ng : Liv e l ong and h appily th o u m atchl e s s L i o n Th e n R u s t am ki s s e d S am s thr o ne and w o nd e rfu l To t e ll ! s al u t e d h im in thi s ne w fas hi o n Gr e at p al adi n ! r ej o ic e I am thi ne o ffs h o o t Be t h o u m y r o o t Th e s l av e o f S am am I Bu t am n o t o ne fo r b anqu e t dr e am and e ase I w o u ld h av e s t e e d and s addl e m ail an d h e l m D e s p atch m y c o m pli m e nt s by b o lt and arr o w A nd by G o d s biddi ng tr am pl e o n fo e s h e ad s My fac e is lik e t o t hi ne s o b e m y c o u r ag e s am t h e chi e ft ai n gr as p e d h is h and H e light e d M e anwhil e t h e ty m b al s A nd ki s s e d his h e ad and e y e s Th e n fu ll o f gl e e A n d e l e ph ant s w e r e s till A nd t al k th e y all b e t o o k th e m t o t h e p al ac e A nd r e v e ll e d m e rrily o n g o ld e n s e at s Thu s r e s ting fo r a m o nth with h arp and s ong Up o n t h e thr o ne th e r e s at vict o ri ou s S am of
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TH E S H A H N A M A
3 26
PI RDA
OF
US I
gl e s fe at h e r dr o o ping fr o m h is cr o wn F lank e d by his s o n and R u s t am m ac e in h and O n wh o m t h e gr and s ir e g az e d am az e dly I nv o k e d o e r h im t h e nam e o f G o d and th o u ght With s u ch a nc ck and ar m s s u ch th e w s and s h ou ld e r s S u ch r e e d lik e w ai s t s u ch am pl e ch e s t and br e as t S u ch thigh s lik e th o s e o f m ighty dr o m e d ari e s S u ch li o n s h e art and li o n tig e r m ight S u ch g o o dly fe at u r e s ne ck and Gr ac e h e h ath N o p e e r o n e arth th e n s aid t o zal : Alth o u gh Th o u qu e s ti o n b ack a h u ndr e d g e ne r ati o ns N o o ne w o u ld kno w o f b ab e d e liv e r e d th u s H o w c o u ld th e y do t h e thi ng s u cc e s s fu lly ? A th o u s an d ti m e s m ay th at S im u rgh b e bl e s t To wh o m G o d s h o w e d t h e w ay N o w le t u s r e v e l A nd pu t t o flight with wi ne t h e s o u l o f c ar e Fo r thi s w o rld i s a c ar av ans e r ai O ld g u e s t s d e p art and n e w o ne s t ak e th e ir pl ac e s Th e y pu t t h e wi ne ab o u t and gr e w b e mu s e d Th e y dr ank t h e chi e ft ai n s h e alth th e n th at o f z en Mihrab k e pt qu afling till h e t h o u ght hi m s e lf Th e o ne m an o f t h e w o rld I do no t c ar e Fo r zal o r S am h e s aid S hah cr o w n o r Gr ac e I R u s t am and m y s t e e d S h ab di z and s w o rd N o cl o u d w ill d ar e t o o v e r s h ad o w u s I will r e viv e t h e c u s t o m s o f Zah h ak A nd m ak e t h e d u s t b e ne ath my fe e t p u r e m u s k A nd no w t o fi nd h im ar m s H e s p ak e in j e s t A nd zal and S am w e r e m e rry at h is w o rd s S am wh e n t h e m o nth w as o e r o ne day at d awn R e t u r ne d t o h is o wn thr o ne H e s aid t o zal My s o n b e j u s t and l o y al t o t h e S hah s Pr e fe rri ng wi s d o m o ve r w e alth r e fr aining Thy h and s fr o m e vil all thy y e ar s and s e e king An
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TH E S H A H N A M A
PI RDA U S I
'
OF
S ho u ts
r o s e o u t s id e h is d o o r Th e chi e f s whit e e l e ph an t H ath br o k e n l o o s e and fo lk are in its d ange r ! H e h e ard an d u rge d by h ardih o o d ran fo rth S natch e d u p S a m s m ac e and m ad e t o w ard t h e s tr e e t Th e k e e p e r s o f t h e g at e o pp os e d him s ayi ng We fe ar t h e chi e ft ai n t is a d ark s o m e night Th e e l e ph ant is l o o s e ! Wh o c an appr o v e Thy g o i ng fo rth Wr o th at t h e s p e ak e r s w o rd s Th e m atchl e s s R u s t am s m o t e h im o n t h e nap e H is h e ad r o ll e d fr o m h im R u s t am t u r ne d t o w ard Th e o th e r s b u t th e y fl e d t h e p al adi n Who b o ldly w e n t u p t o t h e g at e and s m as h e d Th e ch ai ns and b o lt s with bl o w s t h at w e ll b e fi t t e d O ne o f s u ch n o bl e n am e w e n t fo rth lik e wi nd With s h o u ld e r e d m ac e e xcit e dly appr o ach e d Th e m ighty b e as t and r o ar e d o u t lik e t h e s e a H e l o o k e d and s aw a M o u nt ai n b e ll o wi ng Th e gr o u nd b e ne ath it lik e a b o ili ng po t S aw h is o wn no bl e s fl e e i ng in di s m ay L ik e s h e e p th at s py a w o lf r o ar e d lik e a li o n A nd w e nt c o u r ag e ou s ly ag ai ns t t h e b e as t Which s e e i ng h im ch arg e d at h im lik e a m o u n t ai n A nd r e ar e d it s tr u nk t o s trik e b u t R u s t am d e alt it A m ac e bl o w o n t h e h e ad ; t h e m ou nt ai n fo r m S t o o p e d ; M o u n t B1 s t 11n s h o o k t o it s c o r e and t u m bl e d At o ne bl o w vil e and s tr e ngthl e s s Thu s it fe ll Th at b e ll o wi ng e l e ph ant whil e m atchl e s s R u s t am W e nt lightly t o h is pl ac e ag ai n and s l e pt N o w wh e n t h e s u n as c e nd e d fr o m t h e e as t Bright as t h e ch e e k s o f t h o s e w h o r avi s h h e art s z al h e ard o f R u s t am s d e e d s h o w h e h ad k no ck e d Th e d u s t o u t o f t h e r o ari ng e l e ph ant H ad with a s i ngl e m ac e bl o w br o k e n it s ne ck ’
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M I N U CH I H R
b o dy t o t h e gr o u nd H e cri e d Wo e fo r th at m ighty e l e ph an t which u s e d To b e ll o w lik e t h e d ark bl u e s e a ! H o w o ft e n H ath th at s tr o ng b e as t ch arg e d and o e rt h ro w n Ye t c o nqu e r h o w s oe er it m ight in b attl e My s o n h ath b e s t e d it m o ne d R u s t am H e s um Ki s s e d h im u p o n his h e ad and h and s and ne ck A nd s a id : O lio n s Wh e lp ! thy cl aws h av e gr o w n Y o u t h as th o u art A nd th o u art br av e i nd e e d Th o u h as t no p e e r in s t at u r e Gr ac e and v al o u r S o e re thy s p re adi ng fam e s h all thw art t hi ne acti o n T ak e v e nge anc e fo r t h e bl o o d o f N ar iman S p e e d fo rth t o M o u n t S ipand wh e r e t h o u wilt s e e A cl o u d c apt s tr o ngh o ld fo u r l e ag u e s s q u ar e wh e re o ve r Tis fu ll o f h e rb ag e Th e eagl e h ath n o t s o ar e d A nd w at e r g o ld and m o ne y m e n and b e as t s B o th tr e e s and h u s b and m e n ab ou nd th e r e ; no ne H ath s e e n a pl ac e lik e th at Th e All Pr o vid e r H ath fu rni s h e d w o rkm e n o f all s o rt s and fru it tr e e s Th e r e is b u t o ne appr o ach ; t is thr o u gh a g at e A s high as h e av e n and N ar im a n w h o b o r e The b all fr o m all t h e chi e fs appr o ach e d t h e s tr o ngh o ld By o r de r o fS hah F aridu n and h e ld Th e r o ad Th e s i e g e w e nt o n b o th n ight and day With s tr at ag e m s and s p e ll s ab o v e a y e ar Un til t h e fo e hu rl e d d o w n a r o ck and e arth P o s s e s s e d t h e p al adin no m o r e Th e h o s t R e tr e at e d t o t h e S hah Wh e n S am w as t o ld Th e v ali ant Li o n h ath h ad fight e no u gh H e w ail e d with gr o wi ng gri e f and h avi ng m o u rne d A w e e k in angu i s h c all e d t h e h o s t t o g e th e r H e m arch e d ag ai ns t th at h o ld with tr 0 0 p s th at c o v e r e d Th e w as t e and d e s e rt and fo r m o nth s and y e ar s Be l e agu e r e d it in v ai n N o ne i s s u e d fo rth A nd
c as t
it s
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TH E S H A H N A M A
A nd no ne
P IR DA U S I
’
OF
th ou gh t h e g at e w as s h u t S o l o ng t h e fo e l ack e d no t a s t alk o f h ay A nd S am fo r e w e nt his v e ng e an c e in d e s p air N o w is t h e ti me my s o n ! fo r artific e G o with a c ar av an in m e rry pin S o th at t h e w atch m e n m ay no t fi nd th e e ou t A nd wh e n th o u o c c u pie s t M o u nt S ipand D e s tr o y th os e e vil do e r s ro o t and s t e m S i nc e th o u art y e t u nk no w n th o u m ay s t s u cc e e d Th e n R u s t am ans w e r e d : I w ill do thy bidding A nd s o o n pr o vid e a ph y s io fo r t h e ach e S aid zal t o h im : My pr u d e nt s o n ! giv e e ar Do n c am e l driv e r s cl o th e s and fr o m t h e pl ai n Fe tch c am e l s t o m ak e u p a c arav an Di s g u i s e thys e lf and c arry nau ght b u t s al t Fo r th at is pr e ci o u s th e r e Th e fo lk k no w n o thi ng Th ou gh t h e c as tl e t o w e re th O f gr e at e r v al u e Ab o v e it s g at e th e y h av e no s alt t o e at S o all will ru n t o gr e e t th e e wh e n th e y s e e L o ad s o f it c o m ing u ne xp e ct e dly w e nt
in b u t ,
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H ow R u s tam went to M o unt S ipand
Th e n R u s t am m ad e h im r e ady fo r t h e fr ay C o nc e ale d h is m ac e within a l o ad o f s alt A nd t o o k s o m e wi s e and v ali ant m e n with al H e hid t h e ar m s withi n t h e c am e l s l o ad s A nd m e rry a t t h e artific e s p e d o n Wh e n h e arriv e d t h e w atch m an To M ou n t S ipand S aw h im and h as t e ne d t o t h e c as t e ll an A c ar av an h e s aid with m any drive r s H ath c o m e and if m y l o rd d o th as k th e ir bu s i ne s s To m e it s e e m e th th at th e y c arry s alt ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A O F FI R DA U S I
’
3 32
p e e rl e s s R u s t am with his l as s o m ac e A nd s w o rd d e s tr o y e d t h e g all an t fo e ; and wh e n Th e s u n u nv e il e d it s e lf and h e ld t h e w o rld Fr o m e arth t o Pl e i ad e s o f all t h e g arri s o n N o t o ne r e m ai ne d aliv e th at w as n o t w o u nd e d The br av e Ira ni ans e n t e r e d e v e ry no o k Th e m atchl e s s R u s t am A nd s l au ght e r e d all th e y fo u nd S aw in t h e cit ad e l wh e r e r o o m w as s c an t A b u ilding o f h ard s t o ne with ir o n d o o rs A nd h avi ng with his m ac e bl o w s s h att e r e d th e m H e e nt e r e d and b e h e ld a l o fty v au lt F u ll o f d inars A s t o ni e d at t h e s ight H e bit his lip ; th e n t o h is chi e fs h e s aid Wh o e ve r w o u ld h av e th o u ght o f s u ch a thi ng ? G o o d s o o th no g o ld r e m ain e th in t h e min e s O r any p e arl o r j e we l in t h e s e a Th e y lie o u t s pr e ad withi n thi s tr e as u ry Th e
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H o w Rus tam wrote
Le tte r
a
anno u ncing
Vic to ry to 2 6 !
his
Th e n R u s t am wr o t e h is s ir e a fu ll r e p o rt Fir s t bl e s s i ng b e o n H im O f wh at h ad p as s e d : Wh o is t h e L o rd o f s e rp e nt ant and s u n O f V e nu s M ar s and S o l and h e ave n ab o v e M ay H e bl e s s z al t h e h e r o o f zab u l Th e p e e rl e s s p al adi n t h e w arri o r s s h e lt e r Th e Ira ni ans s t ay w h o s e tt e th u p o n high Th e fl ag o f Kaw a w h o e nt h ro ne t h S hah s Wh o t ak e th thr o ne s h im wh o s e c o m m and m e nt r e ach e th “
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To
s u n and
m o on
.
c ame t o M o u n t S ipand By thy b e h e s t and wh at a m o u nt w as th e r e ! Tw as lik e t h e s ky Wh e n I h ad r e ach e d it s fo o t I
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'
M I N U CH I H R
333
Th e re c ame a gre e ting fr o m t h e c as t e ll an A nd th ou gh I did acc o rdi ng t o his bi ddi ng All thi ng s t u r ne d o u t as I w o u ld h av e th e m b e At night ti m e with my famo u s m e n o f w ar I g av e s c ant r e s pit e t o t h e g arri s o n Wh o h av e b e e n s l ai n o r m ai m e d o r h av e e s c ap e d By thr o wi ng all th e ir fi gh t ing g e ar aw ay Th e r e are in s o o th fi v e h u ndr e d th o u s and l o ad s O f s ilv e r i ng o t s a nd o f s t an d ard g o ld O f r ai m e n t t ap e s tri e s and m o v abl e s N o o ne c o u ld t e ll t h e t o t al th o u gh h e c o u nt e d For d ay s and m o nth s Wh at w o u ld t h e p al adi n M ay h is s t e p s pr o s p e r m ay h is m i nd b e bright Th e m e s s e ng e r c am e lik e a bl as t and g av e Th at chi e ft ain Th e l e t t e r t o t h e p al adi n R e ad and e xcl ai m e d : Pr ais e t o th o s e no bl e o ne s Th o u w ou ld s t h av e s aid : Th e ne w s will m ake h im yo u ng H e wr o t e a fu ll r e ply fir s t pr ai s i ng G o d A nd th e n pr o c e e di ng th u s : I h av e p e r u s e d Th at t al e o f tri u m ph and p o u re d o u t m y s ou l I n j oy S u ch fight s b e c o m e th e e w e ll m y s o n Wh o th o u gh a b oy h as t pl ay e d t h e m an illu me d Th e s ou l o f N arim a n and bu r ne d h is fo es To c arry o ff t h e s p o il I h av e s e nt c am e l s By th ou s and s H aving r e ad thi s m o u nt with s p ee d ; Thi ne ab s e nc e gri e ve th m e P ack all t h e b es t The n fi re t h e h o ld in v e ng e an c e R u s t am r e ad Th e l e tt e r w e ll c ont e nt th e n ch o s e t h e ch o ic e s t Am o ng t h e s igne t rings s w o rd s c as qu e s and b e lt s A s w e ll as p e arl s and j e w e l s fit fo r ki ng s A nd fig u r e d pi e c e s o f br o c ad e o f Chin A nd s e n t th e m t o h is s ir e Th e c ar av an S e t fo rth whil e h e s e t fi re t o M o u nt S ipand ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
334
OF
PI RDA vs i
Wh o s e r e e k r o s e S ky w ard th e n h e t u rne d aw ay Light h e art e d and w e nt h o m e lik e r u s hing wi nd W h e n zal h ad h e ard : Th e w o rld ill u m i ng chi e ft ai n H ath c o m e t h e fo lk pr e p ar e d t o w e lc o m e him A nd d e c o r at e d all t h e s tr e e t s and q u art e r s Ar o s e t h e din o f br az e n cl ari o ns O f cy m b al s tr u mp e t s and o f I ndi an b e ll s A s e ag e r R u s t am far e d t o w ard z al s p al ac e A nd c o m ing b o w e d t o e arth b e fo r e h is m o th e r Wh o bl e s s e d h is fac e and ki s s e d h is ch e s t and s h o u ld e r s Whil e zal t h e chi e f e m br ac e d his s on and bad e A s c att e ri ng o f l arg e s s t o b e m ad e ,
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34 The
Le tt er of
Z al t o s am
fam ou s chi e f s e nt t h e g o o d ne w s t o S am With m any gift s t o him and e v e ry o ne Wh e nas t h e l e tt e r c am e t o S am h is ch e e k s Bl o o m e d lik e a r o s e in h is e xc e e di ng j o y H e m ad e a fe as t lik e j o c u nd s pri ng b e s t o w e d Up o n t h e m e s s e ng e r a r o b e and s t e e d H e wr o t e t o zal A nd t alk e d o f R u s t am m u ch I t is no t w o nd e rfu l th at li o ns wh e lp s Pr o v e br av e A cl e ve r archi m ag e m ay t ak e O ne e re it s u ck and bri ng it u p with m e n Y e t will h e fe ar it wh e n it s t e e th h av e gr o wn Fo r th o u gh it ne v e r s aw it s m o th e r s d u gs Twill thr o w b ack t o t h e i ns ti nct s o f it s s ir e N o w o nd e r th e n th at R u s t am s h o u ld i nh e rit z al s pr o w e s s and th at Li o ns s e e k h is aid I n ti m e s o f e nt e rpri s e H e s e al e d t h e l e tt e r A nd g av e it t o t h e m e s s e nge r w h o w e nt
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TH E S H A H N A M A
3 36
P I RDA U S I
’
OF
cl e ans e d t h e w o rld o f it s i ni qu iti e s A nd b u ilt m e m any a city m any a fo rtr e s s Y e t th o u might s t s ay th at I h ad ne v e r s e e n Th e w o rld s u ch am I ! and m y t al e o f y e ar s I s bl ank A tr e e wh o s e l e av e s and fr u it are bitt e r S h ou ld it no t r ath e r die th an s till liv e o n N o w aft er I h av e b o r ne s u ch p ai n and tr av ail I l e av e t h e thr o ne o f ki ng s hip and t h e tr e as u r e To th e e A s Faridi i n o n c e g av e t o m e S o giv e I th e e t h e cr o wn w o r n by t h e S hah s H ard are t h e e nt e rpri s e s th at c o nfr ont th e e Th o u mu s t h e s o m e ti me s w o lf and s o m e ti m e s s h e e p Th e o ffs pri ng o f P as h ang will b e thy b ane A nd fr o m T aran will b e thy s tr ait e ni ng Wh e n any qu e s ti o n s h all ari s e my s o n ! S e e k aid fr o m z al and S am and thi s ne w Tr e e N o w b u rg e o nin g s pr u ng fr o m t h e r oo t o f z al H e will tr e ad d o w n T ara n and t ak e u p o n h im To av e ng e th e e Whil e h e s p ak e h e w e pt N au dar B e w ail e d him bitt e rly and th u s t h e S hah Fr e e fro m di s e as e u nv e x e d by any p ai ns Cl o s e d wit h a l as t c o ld s igh his e y e s and fad e d S o p as s e d th at fam o u s S hah w e ll gr ac e d in all Wh o s e t al e is l e ft as h is me mo ri al I
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P I RDA U S I t h p r t g ni t f t h T a ani n r c nd t h rch n my f Iran thr gh t h r ig n f cc i S hah H i t h c nd in t h t r i nity f il pirit which cc rdi ng t Z r t ri n b li f w c r t d by A hri m n t t h Iran i n r t h fi r t b i ng Z hh ak n d t h thi rd pp r ntly A l x n d r t h G r t In t h p r t f t h xt nt Z nd t k n wn Z my ad Y t th which h b n t rm d n bri dg d S h ah nam A f ra iyab h i th r c ll d i d cri b d m ki ng F ng y n r l tt m pt t i t h ki ngly Gl ry Gr c which w i n f t h S h ah nd which Z hh ak hi m lf t h p c li r p ght in i n A fra iyab h w r i r c rd d t h b n m ight cc f l n t n pp n th cc i n in nc pr nt r ig n b t in th t f K i K au wh n t h l tt r th w t k n pri n r by t h ki ng f H ama an I n t h B nd hi h rigi n lly lik Z hhak w fi nd i ndic ti n th t A fra iy ab w w t r t li n g fi nd ; b t h c nn t b t r c d f r th r b ck th n t h Z nd t nd hi d pr d ti n c nfi n d t t li ng w y t h ri r f Iran I t i r c g ni d in t h Z nd t th t th r g d m n in ll c n t ri in th f th ld r f hi n d R um — w ll in th t n f F ri dun—T uran y ng t b r n I m W h n i n t nc f thi in t h —t h b r th r f A fra iy ab —w h b i ng rigi n lly c f I gh i g d pirit d m i g d i n t r lly pp d t f r th nd i I rani n wn c n t rym n h ld p t t h c t f hi r t f m r tyr in t h p m I n t h Z nd t t h m rd r n nc f t h m ti f I gh i i l k d p n f ng b whil in t h B nd hi h w r d Wh n F a iy a n A f ra i y a with t h I rani n c pti in t h m n t i n m d M anu ih r ng f P d hk h a nd c tt r d r i n nd w nt m ng th m f r f G d nd h bt i n d t h b n fit A gh é d b gg d d th t t h rm y nd ch mpi n f t h Irani n w r by him f r m th t di t r F a iy a l w A gh é d f th t f lt t ry in t h S hahnam i t l d n t f M in hih Th th th f d Th m n t i n r ng i th t t b t f N t h C pi n TH E S H A H N A M A
338
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34
TH E S H A H N A M A
0
A ll matt e r s
OF
PI R DA U S I
’
cl o s e o r o p e n M inrich ih r B e fo r e h e cl o s e d h is e y e s s p ak e m u ch o f S am A nd I t o o h av e a w ar m s u pp o rt e r in h im Wh o — p al ad in and fav o u rit e —w atch e d o v e r My fath e r s r e al m illu m i ng thr o ne and cr o w n N o w thi ng s h av e r e ach e d thi s p as s th at s av e t ho u t ak e s t Thy v e ng e fu l m ac e t h e thr o ne will b e ab oli s he d Wh e nas t h e l e tt e r c am e S am s igh e d At c o ckcr o w Th e s o u n d o f ty m b al s r o s e wi t hi n t h e c o u rt A nd fr o m t h e K argas ars h e m arch e d a h o s t S u ch th at t h e gr e e n s e a h ad b e e n l es t th e r e in Th e m ag nat e s in Ira n w e n t o u t t o m e e t Th e appr o achi ng tr o o p s di s mo u nt e d wh e n ne ar S am A nd s p ak e with h im at l arg e o f all t h e acti o ns D o ne by N au dar and h o w h e w as u nj u s t A nd l e ft h is fath e r s fo o t s t e p s r e ckl e s s ly ” H e h ath m ad e e arth a d e s e rt th e y pr o t e s t e d H is fo r t u ne th at w as w ak e fu l is as l e e p H e w alk e th no t in wi s d o m s w ay t h e Gr ac e H o w w o u ld it b e if S am O f G o d h ath l e ft h im With his s hr e wd m i nd w e r e s e at e d o n t h e thr o ne H is fo rt u ne w ou ld r e g e ne r at e t h e w o rld Th e c o u ntry and it s thr o ne w o u ld b o th b e h is We all w o u ld s e rv e him and w o u ld pl e dg e o u r liv e s Fo r fe alty t o h im Bu t s am r e pli e d W ou ld G o d appr o v e N au d ar h ath r oy al bl o o d A nd s itt e th b e lt e d o n t h e r o y al s e at C o u ld I lay h and s u p o n t h e r e al m and cr o wn I m p o s s ibl e ! On e s h ou ld no t h e ar s u ch w o rd s W o u ld any chi e f d ar e s ay thi s p u blicly I f b u t a d au ght e r o f S hah M imich ih r S at cr o w ne d u p o n t h e g o ld e n thr o ne t h e d u s t Wo u ld b e m y c ou ch wh e nc e I s h o u ld j oy t o g az e .
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NA
U DA R
34
1
Up o n h e r If N au d ar h ath l e ft t h e w ay Tr o d by his s ire it h ath no t b e e n fo r l o ng Th e ir o n is no t s o r u s t e at e n y e t A s t o b e h ard t o fu rbi s h I wil l bring The Gr ac e b ack and m ak e all d e s ir e h is l o ve Th e d u s t o f Mimich ih r s h all b e my thr o ne The pri nt o f h is s o n s h o r s e s h o e b e my cr o w n We will s p e ak m u c h with h im and by ou r c ou ns e l Bri ng h im g o o d fo rt u ne Y e ! r e p e nt y o u rs e lve s Of wh at h ath p as s e d and t e n d e r fr e s h all e gianc e Unl e ss Al m ighty G o d and S hah N au dar S h all p ard o n y o u t he S hah s wr ath is y o u r p o rti o n O n e arth and fi re y o u r dw e lli ng pl ac e h e r e aft e r The chi e fs r e p e nt e d and m ade fe alty Afr e s h th at pr o s pe ro u s fo o t e d p al adi n M ad e earth gro w y o u ng thr o u ghou t Wh e n S am h ad r e ach e d Th e pr e s e nc e o f t h e S hah h e ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd Th e S hah d e s c e nd e d fr o m t h e thr one e m br ac e d H is c apt ai n s e ati ng h im u p o n t h e thr o ne Wi t h gr e e ti ng s and u nb o u nde d c o m pli m e nt s The y fe as t e d fo r a w e e k with h arp and wine All o ffe r e d th e ir e xc u s e s t o N au dar Fr o m e ach pr ovi nc e A n d b ar e th e m s e lve s as s u bj e ct s C am e t ax and trib u t e o u t o f fe ar o f S am Th e s wift o f wr ath N au dar s at o n t h e thr o ne I n s pl e nd o u r and in u ndi s t u rb e d r e p os e Till in t h e pr e s e nc e t h e chi e f p al adin Ar o s e and as k e d p e r m i s s i o n t o de p art Thr e w wid e t h e d o o r o f c o u ns e l t o t h e S hah A nd t o ld ag ai n t h e g o o dly hi s t o ri e s Of gl o ri o u s Faridri n and S hah Hu s h ang A nd M inuc h ih r t h e l u s tr e o f t h e thr o ne A nd h o w th e y r u l e d e arth j u s tly and g av e al ms A nd w o u ld no t c ou nt e nan c e i niqu ity .
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TH E S H A H N A M A
s am
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O F PI R DA U S I
w ayw ard h e art t o r e as o n War m e d t h e chi e fs h e art s t o w ard him r e nd e ring All j u s tic e and inj u s tic e at his h and s Acc e pt abl e and h aving s aid his s ay B o th t o t h e no bl e s and th e ir s o v e r e ign W e nt with a r o b e o f h o no u r fr o m N au dar With cr o w n and thr o ne and s igne t ri ng and s l av e s With s t e e d s wh o s e fu rn it u r e was wr o u ght o f g o ld A nd t w o g o ld g o bl e t s all a bri m with r u b i e s S o m att e r s s t ay e d awhil e b u t h e av e n ab o v e R e v olv e d no t o e r N au dar in pe ac e and l o v e s
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§ H o w Pas hang he ard
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N e w s o f S hah M ini i ch ih r s d e c e as e and h o w Thing s far e d ill with N au d ar c am e t o T ara n Wh os e folk h e l d c o m mu ne with t h e m alc o nt e nt s P as h ang t h e T u rk m an r u l e r als o h e ard H e s p ak e at l arg e A nd c o nt e m pl at e d w ar Ab ou t h is s ir e z ads h am t alk e d big o f Tar Th e thr o ne o f M inac hih r h is tr 0 0 p s his w arri o r s H is prin c e s and h is r e al m th e n s u mm o ne d all Th e c apt ai ns and gr and e e s as I gh rfras Bar m a n and G ars iw az th at r agi ng L io n Ku lb ad and g e ne r al s lik e s kilfu l VVi s a H e al s o c all e d Th e l e ad e r o f t h e h o s t H is s o n Afra s iyab wh o c am e in h as t e To wh o m h e s aid c o nc e r ni ng S al m and T11 r We m ay no t hid e r e v e nge b e ne ath o u r s kirt Fo r all wh os e br ai ns are l e v e l in th e ir h e ads Kno wh o w t h e Irani ans h av e e ntr e at e d u s A nd alw ay s gird e d u p th e ir l o i ns fo r ill N o w is t h e ti m e fo r acti o n and r e v e nge '
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14 32
TH E S H A H N A M A
PI RDA 0 s t
OF
N ar i ma n is g e ne r al ; Th e r e are b e s id e s Kis hw ad t h e br av e Kar an A n d o th e r m e n o f n am e am ong t h e fo lk Th ou k no w s t wh at S al m and v ali ant Tli r e ndu r e d Thr ou gh th at o ld w o lf and s w o rd e r M inac hihr A nd y e t z ads h am m y gr and s ir e and o u r ki ng Wh o s e h e l m e t t o u ch e d t h e circl e o f t h e m o on N e e r s p ak e a w o rd o f s u ch a w ar Or r e ad Th e b o o k o f v e ng e anc e in t h e ti m e o f p e ac e Tis b e tt e r fo r u s t o r e s tr ain o u rs e lv e s B e c au s e thi s m ad ne s s will confo u nd t h e r e al m P as h ang s aid : Th at br av e cr o c o dil e Afra s iyab I s as a li o n o n a h u nti ng day A n e l e ph ant o f w ar in b at t l e tid e C all him a b as t ard th at w ou ld no t av e ng e D e p art fo rthwith and co u ns e l H is gr an d s ir e s wr o ngs Afra s iyab in m att e rs gr e at and s m all S o wh e n t h e cr um pl e s kirt e d cl o u d s are g o ne Wh e n r ai ns h av e dr e nch e d t h e w as t e s wh e n hill and pl ai n Giv e p as t u r e fo r t h e s t e e d s wh e n h e rb ag e ri s e th Ab o v e o u r w arri o r s ne ck s and all t h e w o rld I s gr e e n with c o rn th e n c ampu po n t h e pl ai n ; Mid s t r o s e and v e rd u r e b e ar a gl ad s o m e h e art A nd l e ad t h e wh o l e h o s t o nw ard t o A m u l ; Tr e ad Dah is t an b e ne ath t h e h o r s e s h o o fs S p e e d and i nc ar n adi ne t h e s tr e am s with bl o o d Th e nc e M inach ih r d e p art e d t o t h e w ar To t ak e r e v e ng e o n Tar th e n c e did h is p o w e r s Advanc e agai ns t u s lik e a m u rky cl o u d A nd by th at t o k e n it is y o u r t u r n no w To s e nd t h e d u s t u p fr o m th e ir no bl e s h e ads Th e r e fu g e o f t h e ar m y o f Ira n Was M inachih r and h e ad o r ne d t he thro ne Why fe ar t h e Ira ni ans no w th at h e is g o ne S am
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pinch o f d u s t I fe ar no t N au dar wh o is b u t y o u ng and raw Kar an Will b e you r fo e and o ne m o r e w arri or Gars h as p M ay y e s o tr e at th e m o n t h e fi e ld A s t o r ej o ic e o u r fath e r s s o u l s and b u r n ” O u r fo e me n s h e ar t s The pri nc e s aid : Bl o o d s h all Al o ng in s tr e am s e re my r e v e nge is d o ne Th e y
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Land of Tran
Wh e n h e rb ag e m ad e th e pl ai n lik e p aint e d s ilk Th e w arri o r s o f Ti i ran girt u p th e ir l o i ns ; A n ar m y m arch e d fo rth fro m T11 ran and Ch in With m ac e m e n fr o m t h e W e s t e rn l and s —a h o s t With o u t a m id dl e o r an e nd with al Th e fo rt u ne o f N au dar w as y o u ng no l o nge r A s th e s e appr o ach e d J 1 h 11 n h e h e ard t h e ne w s A nd dr e w fo rth t o t h e pl ain t o w ard Dah is t an Karan wh o l o ve d t h e fr ay w as ge ne r al B e hind h im c am e N au dar t h e king o f king s A nd all t h e w o rld w as fill e d with br u it o f w arfar e Th e h o s t appr o achi ng Dah is t an c o nc e al e d Th e s u n in d u s t Th e y pitch e d t h e c am p e ncl o s u r e O f S hah N au d ar b e fo r e t h e h o ld Bri e f r e s pit e Was th e ir s b e c au s e Afra s iyab w h o th e n Was in I rm a n s e nt thirty tho u s and w arri o r s With S h am as as and Khaz arwan as l e ad e r s T o w ard zab u l t o t ak e r e v e ng e o n zal Fo r S am th e y h e ard is d e ad and zal is b u s i e d Ab ou t t h e o b s e qu i e s Afra s iyab Was pl e as e d p e rc e iv e d th at fo rt u ne w as awak e M arch e d fo rth t o Dah is t an and pitch e d agai ns t it '
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TH E S H A H N A M A
34 6
Wh o
PI R DA U S I
'
OF
k no w e th h o w t o
r e ck o n u p h is h o s t ? G o c o u nt a th o u s and o e r fo u r h u ndr e d ti m e s Th o u w o u ld s t h ave s aid : Th e s and s and u pl and s s e e th e Th e wild e r ne s s is n au ght b u t ant s and l o c u s t s Wi t h S hah N and ar w e r e s e v e n s c o r e th o u s and m e n A nd c e rt es th e y w e r e w arlik e c av ali e r s Afra s iyab s u rv e y e d th e m and d e s p atch e d By night a c ame l e e r t o b e ar P as h ang A l e tt e r Th e e xp e ct e d g o o d h ath c o m e N au dar s wh o l e h o s t is as a qu arry t o u s A nd S am is d e ad I fe ar e d no ne in Ira n Bu t him H is d e ath all o w e th o u r r e ve ng e z al is e ngage d u po n t h e o b s e qu i e s A n d h ath no t fo o t o r fe ath e r fo r t h e fight By thi s ti m e S h amas as is in N i mri1 z En thr o ne d and cr o w ne d Pr o m p t acti o n w e ll advi s e d I s b e s t fo r u s ; o cc as i o ns will no t w ait Th e c amel s pr e ad it s wi ng s and w e n t ap ac e T o ward P as h ang t h at king o f s u nlight gr ac e ’
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§ H o w Bar man
4
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pp e ar e d in fro nt o f Dah is t an Th e ar m i e s c am p e d A s m o rn r o s e o e r t h e hill s A T u rkm an Tw o l e agu e s ap art in w arlik e p o m p By nam e Bar m an—o ne w h o b ad e s l e e p e r s w ak e Appr o ach e d s pie d o u t t h e wh o l e Ira ni an h o s t A nd vi e w e d t h e c am p e n cl o s u r e o f N au dar R e t u r ne d r e p o rt e d t o h is chi e f and s aid H o w l o ng mu s t all o u r pro w e s s b e c o nc e al e d 7 Th e
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TH E S H A H N A M A
P I RDA U S i
OF
My h e art h ath b e e n in ang u is h fr o m t h e ti m e O f bl e s s ed M imic hihr u ntil thi s day N o m o r t al p as s e th i nt o h e av e n aliv e M an is d e ath s qu arry ; o ne t h e s ci m it ar D e s tro y e th mid t h e m e ll ay and t h e v u ltu r e A n d li o n t e ar his c o rp s e ; ano th e r s life I s e nde d o n his b e d B e y o n d all qu e s ti o n We m u s t d e p art and if I qu it t h e w o rld My t all and l u s ty br o th e r is s till s afe M ak e m e a r o y al ch ar ne l in y o u r l o v e Give m u s k r o s e w at e r c am ph o r fo r my h e ad My b o dy t o t h e pl ac e o f e ndl e s s s l e e p Thi s do liv e p e ac e fu ll y and tr u s t in G o d Thi s s aid h e gras p e d h is s p e ar and s alli e d fo rth L ike s o m e fi e rc e e l e ph ant Barm an e xcl ai m e d N o w h ath fat e pu t thy h e ad withi n m y r e ach We ll h ad s t th o u h e ld al o o f fo r ti m e it s e lf Wou ld h av e thy life Th e s k y Ku bad r e pli e d G av e m e my s h ar e l ong s inc e and h e wh o s e h o u r H ath c o m e will h av e t o die wh e r e e r h e b e Th at ti m e is no t ill ti m e d at any ti m e H e s p ak e and u rg e d h is s abl e s t e e d d e nyi ng Th e t w o c o nt e nd e d H is ard e nt h e art all r e s t Fr o m d aw n til l s h ado w s l e ngth e ne d I n t h e e nd Th e vict o ry w as Bar m a n s w h o as h e r o d e H u rl e d at K u bad a d art which s tr u ck h is hip Th at anci e nt li o n h e art A nd pi e rc e d h is b e lt F e ll h e adl o ng and s o p as s e d Th e n with ch e e k s flushe d With prid e and s ati s factio n c am e Barm a n B e fo r e Afra s iyab wh o g av e h im gift s U npr e c e d e nt e d as fro m king t o lie g e Kar an t h e b attl e l o ve r wh e n Ku bad Was s l ai n dr e w o u t his ar my and at t ack e d .
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NA
U DA R
h o st s s e e me d as tw e r e t w o s e as o f Ch in Tho u w o u ld s t h av e s aid : Earth s h ak e th Th e n Kar an Th e w arri o r r u s h e d fo rth and G ars iw az H u g e as an e l e ph ant c o nfro nt e d h im Th e ch arg e r s ne igh e d t h e s u n and s hining m o on W e re hidd e n by t h e du s t cl o u d s o f t h e h os t S w o rd s di am o nd bright and s p e ar h e ad s s t e e p e d in g o r e S h o ne m id t h e d u s t —d u s t lik e a r ai ny cl o u d Wh e r e thr o u gh v e r m ili o n dr o pp e th fr o m t h e s u n A cl ou d wh o s e m arr o w thrill e d with ty m b al din Whil e liqu id cri m s o n dr e nch e d t h e falchi o ns s o u l s Wh e r e e r Kar an u rg e d o n h is s t e e d t h e s t e e l Fl as h e d lik e A z argas h as p and t h ou h ad s t s aid H is Di am o n d s h e dd e th C o r al N ay s h e d s o u l s Afra s iyab b e h e ld and le d his tr o o p s Ag ains t Kar an and with i ns ati at e h e art s Th e y fo u ght till night r o s e o e r t h e hill s and th e n Kar an withdr e w t h e h o s t t o Dahis t an With h e art di s tr act e d by h is br o th e r s d e ath H e c am e t o t h e p avili o n o f N au dar Wh o o n b e h o ldi ng h im le t t e ar s d o w n fall Fr o m w e ary e ye lid s th at h ad s e e n no s l e e p A n d s aid : S i nc e S am t h e h o r s e m an di e d my s o u l H ath no t gri e ve d thu s Live th o u fo r e v e r m o r e A nd s u nlik e b e t h e s pirit o f K u bad A day o fj oy and th e n a day o f gri e f S u ch is t h e w o nt and fas hi o n o f t h e w o rld ! N o fo s t e ri ng will r e s c u e u s fr o m d e ath ; E arth s o nly cr adl e is t h e s e p u lchr e I h av e r e s ig ne d t o d e at h Kar an r e pli e d My d o u ghty b o dy e v e n fr o m my birth Tw as Faridii n th at pu t my h e l m e t o n Th at I m ight tr e ad t h e e arth t o av e ng e Ir aj A nd hith e rt o I h av e no t l o o s e d my girdl e Th e t w o
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TH E S H A H N A M A
3 50
P I R DA U S I
'
OF ‘
l aid as id e t h e s w o rd o f s t e e l My br o th e r Th at s ag e —is d e ad I t o o s h all die in h arne s s ; Bu t b e o f ch e e r Afra s iyab t o day Was s tr ait e ne d and h e c all e d u p h is r e s e rv e s H e s aw m e with mi ne o x h e ad m ac e and e ag e rly Att ack e d m e ; e y e t o e y e I fr ont e d h im H e u s e d s o m e m agic and my k e e n e y e s 10 s t Th e ir vi s i o n night c am e o n and all w as d ark Mi ne arm w as tir e d o f s triki ng Th ou h ad s t s aid Th e s k y w as o v e rc as t Th e E nd h ath c o m e A nd w e w e r e fo rc e d t o qu it t h e b attl e fi e ld B e c au s e t h e tr o o p s w e r e s p e n t and it w as d ark Th e o pp o s i ng h o s t s r e p o s e d a whil e and wh e n Th e m o rr o w d aw ne d b e g an t h e s trife ag ain N or
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dr e w u p fo r b attl e r o y al A nd wh at with th u nd e ri ng dr u m and bl aring tr u m p e t Th o u w o u ld s t h av e s aid : Th e e arth is t o tt e ri ng Afra s iyab wh e n h e b e h e ld arr ay e d H is ar m y o pp o s it e Th e s u n h ath s e t Tho u w o u ld s t h av e s aid e arth w as s o d ark w ith du s t Mid t h e w ar cri e s no ne c o u ld t e ll O f h o rs e m e n A m o u nt ai n fr o m a pl ain h o s t gr appl e d h o s t A nd bl o o d ran lik e a riv e r wh e r e Kar an S ou ght fo r t h e fr ay and wh e r e Afra s iyab T o w e r e d till N au dar appr o ach e d and ch all e ng e d hi m Th e y s tr o v e t o g e th e r s p e ar c o nfu s e d with s p e ar ; N o s e rp e n t s e v e r writh e d t o ge t h e r s o ; H o w c ou ld ki ng s b attl e th u s Th e y fou ght t ill night A nd th e n Afra s iyab w as c o nqu e r o r ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
OF
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6 H o w N au da r
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h o s t r e p o s e d t w o d ays b u t wh e n t h e s u n R os e o n t h e third t h e S hah w as fo rc e d t o fight Th e n lik e a fo am i ng s e a Afras iyab ; D as h e d at t h e ar m y o f N au dar t h e w ar— cry R os e fr o m t h e c am p e ncl o s u r e s m id t h e din O f tr u m p and I ndi an b e ll t h e ty m b al s s ou nd e d B e fo r e t h e S hah s t e nt and t he w arri o r s d o nne d Th e ir ir o n h e l me t s N o ne h ad th ou ght o f s l e e p Withi n t h e c amp o f gre at Afr as iyab ; All night th e y h ad m ad e r e ady s h arp e ni ng Th e s w o rd s and d ou bl e h e ad e d d art s Th e e arth Was fill e d by ar m ou r e d m e n with h e avy m ac e s Kar an w as m ar s h al o f t h e c e ntr al h o s t Wh e r e t o t h e S hah and h e w e re t o w e r s o f s tr e ngt h Th e S hah s l e ft wing t h e h e r o T alim a n Cl aime d fo r hi m s e lf and b o ld S h apii r t h e right Fr o m m o rning till t h e s u n h ad l e ft t h e d o m e Hill s pl ains and w as te s w e r e i ndis ti ngu i s h abl e ; Th o u w o u ld s t h av e s aid : Th e s w o rd s h e art is ,
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wh e n t h e m o narch and Kar an p e rc e iv e d Th e s t ar s av e r s e th e y fl e d b e fo r e t h e fo e To Dahis t an and th e r e m ai nt ain e d th e m s e lve s Night and day C u t o ff fr o m all o u t s id e it Th e y fo u ght in t h e appr o ach e s P as s e d a whil e N o w s i nc e N au dar h ad r e fu g e d in t h e h o ld Wh e r e h o rs e m e n c o u ld no t ac t Afra s iyab M ad e r e ady and d e s p atch e d a fo rc e by n ight B e th ou ght him o f t h e chi e ft ai n Ku ruk h an O f Wis a s r ac e and b ad e h im l e ad th e m fo rth Al o n t h e d e s e rt r o u t e t o Pars fo r th e r e Th e ranians h o m e s w e r e s it u at e and m e n Kar an h e ard this I n tr o u bl e m ak e fo r h o m e A nd m o v e d with j e al o u s y and gri e v e d at h e art We nt in as tw e r e a l e o p ard t o N au d ar B e h o ld h o w b as e Afra s iya b A nd s aid : I s d e ali ng with t h e m o narch o f Ira n ! H e h ath d e s p atch e d a c o u nt l e s s h o s t o f tr o o p s Ag ains t o u r w arri o r s wo m e n S h o u ld h e ge t th e m Di s as t e r will b e fall o u r m e n o f nam e A nd w e s h all hid e o u r fac e s in di s gr ac e S o Ku rakh an m u s t b e att ack e d fo rthwith A nd by t h e l e av e o f t h e vict o ri o u s S hah I will p u r s u e with s p e e d T h o u h as t a riv e r Pr o v is i o ns and righ t z e al o u s w arri o r s Th o u c ans t d e fe nd S t ay th o u ; b e no t c o nc e r ne d Thys e lf with c as e s o pl ay t h e li o n s p art Fo r m o narch s s h o u ld b e b r ave N au d ar r e pli e d N o t s o t h e h o s t h at h no ne lik e th e e t o l e ad th e m Tw as fo r o u r h o m e s th at T ris and G u s t aham W e nt fo rth at b e at o f dr u m and th e y will r e ach Th e w o m e n in g o o d ti m e s u ch is th e ir s p e e d ” A n d t ak e t h e ne e d ful s t e p s Th e mighty me n
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261
TH E S H A H N A M A
3 54
PI R DA U S I
’
OF
W e nt t o t h e s l e e pi ng ch am b e r o f t h e S hah Wh e r e pr e s e ntly th e y s at and c all e d fo r wine To p u rg e th e ir h e art s o f s o rr o w fo r a whil e Wh e n S hah N au dar w as w e ll b e m u s e d h e w e n t B e hi nd h is c u rt ains m e dit ati ng v e ng e anc e A nd th o s e br av e ch 1 e fs — t h e Ira ni an c av ali e r s D e p art e d in dis o rd e r fr o m t h e c o u rt To as s e m bl e at t h e q u art e r s o f Kar an With e y e s like wint e r cl ou d s ; with m u ch d e b at e Th e y all agr e e d : We m u s t s e t o u t fo r Par s F o rthwith o r e l s e o u r wiv e s and littl e o ne s Will all b e br o k e n h e art e d s l av e s all c apt u re d With o u t a s tr u ggl e and w h o th e n will wi e ld Th e s p e ar u p o n t h e pl ai n o r r e s t in pe ac e N o w wh e n th e s e thr e e—S h idus h Kis h w ad Kar an H ad t ak e n c o u ns e l fo r t h e wh o l e e m pris e A nd h alf t h e night h ad p as s e d th e y m ad e th e m r e ady To s ally fo rth At d aw n with h e avy h e art s Th e y r e ach e d wh at m e n in th o s e d ay s c alle d White C as tl e 1 Th e r e fo u nd th e y G u z hdah am t h e c as t e ll an T o g e th e r with h is w atchfu l w arri o r s B e l e agu e r e d by B ar m a n w h o h e ld t h e r o ad With tr o o p s and e l e ph ant s and v ali ant chi e fs A nd e r s t h ad wr u ng t h e h e art o f br av e Kar an Wh o e ag e r t o ave ng e h is br o th e r s bl o o d A s s u m e d his m ail pr e p ar e d h is m e n fo r acti o n A nd m ad e fo r Par s Th e b r av e Bar m a n w as w ar e A nd lik e a li o n m e t him o n t h e w ay N o w wh e n Kar an s aw m id t h e d u s t o f figh t Th at m an o f bl o o d h e gr appl e d with h is fo e All li o n lik e no t giving ti m e fo r r u s e Bu t cl o s e d at o nc e i nv o ki ng G o d fo r s u cc o u r A nd pi e rc e d t h e T u rk m an s girdl e with a j av e li n -
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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Alth o u gh thy h e ad m ay t o u ch t h e cl o u d s it m u s t H av e in t h e e nd it s pl ac e am id t h e d u s t Afra s iyab g av e o rd e rs S e arch h e s aid Th e c av e s t h e hill s t h e w at e r s and t h e w as t e Th at fi e rc e Kar an m ay no t e l u d e o u r tr o o ps Bu t h e aring th at Kar an h ad g o ne t o s av e Th e w o m e n h e w as f u ri ou s Le t Bar m a n s p e e d fo rth and li o n lik e p u r s u e H e b ad e Kar an and bri ng h im m e a pri s o ne r Th e y t o ld t h e m o narch h o w Kar an h ad s e rv e d Bar m a n and br o u ght h im fr o m his s t e e d t o d u s t ; Wh e r e at Afra s iyab w as s o r e ly gri e v e d F o o d r e s t and s l e e p w e r e bitt e rne s s t o h im A nd thu s h e s p ak e t o Wfs a : Le t t h e d e ath Of thi s thy s o n s t e e l thi ne o w n h e art fo r wh e n Th e s o n o f Kaw a w arr e th l e o p ard s s hri nk B e fo r e h is s p e ar G o with a v ali ant h o s t 1 W e ll fu rni s h e d and t ak e v e ng e anc e fo r t h e l o s t ,
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Th u s lik e a t o rr e nt Wis a r u s h e d al o ng A nd s h e d c al am ity thr o u gh o u t t h e w o rld H e m arc h e t h o n in triu m ph gl o ri o u s ly S u ch w as t h e ne w s th at r e ach e d Kar an wh o s e n t H is Ar ab h o r s e m e n fo r ward t o N im ru z A nd fo ll o w e d th e m hi m s e lf—t h e S u n o f e arth cl o u d N ow whe n fr o m Par s h e r e ach e d t h e w as t e a d u s t— App e ar e d u p o n h is l e ft and fr o m t h e d u s t Th e s abl e fl ag e m e rg e d whil e fro m t h e v an B o th ar m i e s Th e T urkm an chi e f le d o n h is h o s t A r r ay e d th e ir r ank s ; t h e w arri o r s s o u ght t h e fr ay T h e n fr o m t h e c e ntr e Wis a s ho u t e d s ayi ng : G o ne t o t h e wind s are cro w n and thr o ne o f gre at ne s s All fr o m Kannuj u p t o Kab u lis t an G h az nin t o o and z ab u lis t an are o u r s O u r thr o ne is gr av e n o n th e ir p al ac e s Wh e re wilt th o u r e fu g e s inc e t h e S hah is t ak e n Kar an am I and c as t Th e o th e r s aid : 1 My bl ank e t o n t h e w at e r s N e ith e r fe ar N o r any idl e r u m o u r s e nt m e fo rth I m arch e d t o fight thy s o n and h avi ng t ake n R e v e nge o n h im will t ak e it no w o n th e e A nd s h o w the e h o w br av e w arri o r s fight Th e y u rg e d Th e ir ch arg e r s o n t h e cl ari o ns bl ar e d d u s t r o s e To l e ft and right and m o o n and s k y w ax e d dim M e n gr appl e d e ag e rly and s h o w e r e d bl o o d Kar an and W is a m e t o nc e in t h e m e llay Bu t W is a t u r ne d aw ay and fl e d t h e fi e ld Whe r e m any a chi e f h ad fall e n y e t Kar an P u r s u e d no t VVis a br o k e n by m i s fo rt u ne App e ar e d b e fo r e Afra s iyab in p ain A nd w e e pi ng fo r h is s o n th at h ad b e e n s l ai n ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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P I R DA U S I ’
59 H o w S hamas as
and
K haz ar wan i nv aded Z dbu lis tan
xp e di t i o n fr o m I r man w e nt fo rth Ag ains t zab u l and S h am as as adv an c e d T o ward S is tan in h as t e whil e Kh az arwan With thirty th o u s and fam o u s m e n—go o d s w o rd s me n M arch e d w arily as far as t h e H irmu nd With gl aiv e and mac e and fo rt u ne at it s h e ight N o w zal w as at t h e b u ri al pl ac e e r e cti ng I n p ai n and gri e f a ch arne l fo r h is fath e r Whil e br av e Mihrab wh o s e m i nd was o n t h e al e rt Was in t h e city and d e s p atch e d an e nv o y To S h am as as Wh e n this m an r e ach e d t h e c am p H e g av e h is m as t e r s gr e e ting s s ayi ng th u s Fo r e v e r m ay t h e m o narch o f T ara n C o nti nu e bright o f h e art and w e ar t h e cro w n Z ahh ak t h e Ar ab w as m i ne an c e s t o r A nd littl e do I l o ve m in e o v e rl o rd Bu t by alli anc e h av e I p u rch as e d life B e c au s e I s aw no o th e r c o u r s e At pr e s e n t I dw e ll within t h e p al ac e r u li ng all z ab u lis t an Wh e n w e n t wh e l me d with gri e f To b u ry s am m y h e art r ej o ic e d and I Will ne v e r s e e h is fac e ag ain I as k Th e fam o u s p al adi n fo r ti m e t o s e nd Afra s iyab a pr u d e nt c am e l e e r ; Twill s h o rt e n m att e rs if h e k no w my m ind I will d e s p atch him fitti ng gi ft s b e s id e s Th e trib u t e and if h e s aith C o m e will s t and B e fo r e h is thr o ne r e s ign t o h im my r e al m I will n o t v e x t h e paladm A n d j o y in h im Bu t s e nd him e v e ry ki nd o f h o ard e d w e alth Th e
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Wh e n it w as day t h e s o ldi e r s g ath e r e d r o u nd A nd m ark e d t h e arr o w s s ayi ng Th e y are z al s ! No ne o th e r s h o o t e th with s u ch s h afts as th e s e Cri e d S h am as as : O Kh az arwan th ou Li o n ! H ad s t th o u no t b e e n r e m i s s in fight no t d allie d S o with Mihrab h is ar my and h is tr e as u r e z al h ad no t tr o u bl e d th e e Th e n Kh az arwan H e is b u t o ne no t A hri m an o r ir o n F e ar no t for I will gr appl e h im anon Wh e nas t h e bright s u n cr o s s e d t h e v au lt w e r e h e ard Dr u m s o n th e pl ai n and in t h e city s o u nd s O f ty m b al s cl ari o ns g o ng s and I ndi an b e ll s zal d o nne d h is m ail ap ac e b e s tr o d e his ch arg e r A s s wift as d u s t whil e all his w arri o r s m o u n t e d With v e ng e fu l th o u ght s and fr o wns u p o n th e ir br o w s H e le d t h e ar m y fo rth u p o n t h e pl ai n E q u ipp e d with e l e ph ant s and c am p e ncl o s u r e s Wh e r e h o s t e nc o u nt e r e d h o s t and m ad e t h e w as t e A s tw e r e a d ark s o me m o u nt ai n with t h e d u s t Th e n Kh az arw an with m ac e and b u ckl e r ru s h e d To c o u nt e r z al and s m o t e his glitt e ri ng br e as t A bl o w th at br ak e h is fam e d c u ir as s Wh e n zal Withdr e w t h e w arri o rs o f Kab u lis t an R e tre at e d b u t br av e zal ar me d h im afr e s h H is h e ad w as wr o th h is bl o o d w as u p h e br andi s h e d H is fath e r s m ac e whil e Kh az arw an adv an c e d To ch all e ng e fig h t a r o ari ng L i o n h e B e fo r e t h e h o s t zal h ad no s o o ne r r ai s e d Th e r e e k o f fight th an Kh az arw an w as o n h im A s q u ick as d u s t whil e zal in fu ry ch arg e d H is fo e and br andi s hi ng t h e o x lik e m ac e S m o t e Kh az arw an u p o n t h e h e ad and m ade Th e gr o u nd as tw e r e a l e o p ard s b ack w ith bl o o d ’
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361
Th e n fl u nghim d o wn tro d o n h im p as s e d al o ng A nd le d t h e ar m y fo rw ard t o t h e pl ai n I nviti ng S h am as as t o c o me and fight Bu t S h am as as c am e n o t h is bl o o d w as chill e d z al n e xt d e s cri e d Ku lb ad am id t h e d u s t A nd s h o u ld e r e d h is s t e e l m ac e Th e r e o n Ku lb ad O bs e rvi ng zal with m ac e and s ci m it ar E nd e av o u r e d t o e s c ap e h is fo e man s s ight Bu t zal t h e c av ali e r s tr u ng u p his b o w A n d lightly ai m e d at h im a p o pl ar arr o w S tr u ck full u p o n t h e girdl e o f Ku lb ad A girdl e th at w as wr o u ght o f li nk s o f s t e e l A nd pinne d him t o t h e p u m m e l thr o u gh t h e l o ins H is tr o o p s h e art s b u r ne d fo r him whil e S h am as as D e s p aire d h is fac e p al e d wh e n th o s e chi e fs w e r e s l ai n A nd h e and all h is ar my in fu ll flight Di s p e r s e d like s h e e p u p o n a s t o r my day Pr e s s e d by t h e s o ldi e rs o f z ab u lis t an A nd by Mihrab Th e fi e ld w as s u ch with c o rp s e s Th e tr o o p s are cr amp e d fo r Th at th o u h ad s t s aid room Th e T u rk m ans fl e d t o w ard Afra s iyab Th e ir m ail u nfas t e ne d and t h e ir girdl e s s napp e d Wh e n S h am as as h ad r e ach e d t h e o p e n pl ai n Kar an t h e s o n o f Kaw a c am e in s ight R e tu rni ng fr o m p u r s u i ng VV1 s a s h o s t Wh o s e no bl e s t h e h ad s l ai n s o e as ily Th e ar m i e s m e t t o g e th e r S h am as as M e t with Kar an t h e l o v e r o f t h e fr ay Wh o k no wi ng his ant ago ni s t s and why Th e y w e r e r e tr e ati ng fr o m z ab u lis t an B ad e tr u m p e t s s ou nd and o ccu pi e d t h e r o ad Thu s h o s t e nc o u nt e r e d h o s t Th e p al adi n S aid t o h is tr o o p s Y e m e n o f no bl e nam e A nd ard e nt s o u l ! go b attl e with y o u r s p e ar s ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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With cri e s O f m add e ne d e l e ph ant s th e y s e i z e d th e ir s p e ars Which m ad e a r e e d b e d o f t h e b attl e fi e ld A nd v e il e d t h e s u n and m o o n H e lightly s l e w Th o s e T u rk m an tr 0 0 p s and fl u ng th e m o n t h e tr ack F e ll o n t h e w o u nd e d and t h e pri s o ne r s A nd s e nt th e ir d u s t u p t o t h e s hi ni ng s u n Whil e S h am as as with c e rt ai n m e n o f m ight Fl e d and e s c ap e d t he m u rky d u s t o f fight ,
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N e w s o f t h e d e ath o f th o s e fam e d w arri o r s C ame t o t h e T u rk m an king ; his h e art w as p aine d H is ch e e k s w e r e w e t with his h e art s bl o o d H e s aid N au d ar is in my pri s on y e t my fri e nd s A re vil e ly s l au ght e r e d th u s ! Wh at c an I do Bu t s h e d h is bl o o d and giv e n e w c au s e for fe u d ? Wh e r e is N au dar H e w as e nr ag e d an d cri e d : Fo r Wi s a c all e th for r e v e ng e o n h im 7 Bring him h e t o ld an e x e c u ti one r Th at I m ay t e ach him w ar N au d ar o n h e aring Kne w th at his ti m e w as c o m e A cl am o r ou s thr o ng D e p art e d b ou nd his arm s fi rm as a r o ck A nd h al e d h im b ar e b o th h e ad and fo o t fo rd one I n s h am e fu l plight b e fo r e t h e Cr o c o dil e Fu ll o f i m p ati e nc e gr e at Afra s iya b L o o k e d o u t fo r him and s e e in g h im appr o ach R e mind e d him o f th e ir anc e s tr al fe u d B e g an with S al m and Tar and w as h e d aw ay Fr o m h e art and e y e s t h e r e v e r e nc e du e t o king s ,
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This ne w s r e ach e d G u s t ah am and T ris : Th e Grac e Th e y h av e s tru ck o ff O f ki ngs hip is o b s c u r e d R e m o rs e l e s s ly with tr e nch ant s ci mit ar Th e h e ad th at w o r e t h e cr o w n and all is o v e r M e n t o r e th e ir fac e s and pl u ck e d o u t th e ir h air A cry o f m ou rni ng w e nt u p fr o m Ira n Th e gr e at pu t d u s t and e ar t h u p o n th e ir h e ad s All e y e s w e pt t e ars o f bl o o d all r o b e s w e r e r e nt M e n t u r ne d th e ir fac e s to w ard zab u l ; th e ir t ong u e s S p ak e o f t h e S hah th e ir s o u l s y e arn e d fo r t h e S hah Th e y w e nt t o zal in m o u rni ng and in p ain With bl o o d s t ai ne d ch e e k s and d u s t u p o n th e ir h e ad s Th e y cri e d : O g o o d and v ali ant S hah N au dar ! 0 gr e at j u s t m o narch w e ar e r o f t h e cr o w n Th e gu ardi an o f Ira n t h e pr o p o f no bl e s Th e h e ad o f ki ngs and m o narch o f t h e w o rld Thy h e ad is s e eking fo r a cr o w n fr o m d u s t A nd e arth is s av ou ri ng o f t h e bl o o d o f S hah s Th e gr as s e s o n th e s e fi e ld s and fe ll s are h angi ng Th e ir h e ad s in s h am e b e fo r e t h e s u n whil e w e A s k v e ng ean c e m o u r ni ng as it w e r e a fath e r I n wh o m t h e s t o ck o f F ar id an s u r v i v e d Whil e e arth w as s e rv ant t o h is h o r s e s s h o e N o w h im and all th at fam o u s tr o o p h av e th e y B e h e ad e d s h am e fu lly d e s pit e fully ; Bu t w e will dr aw o u r s w o rd s o f w at e r e d s t e e l Will go t o s e e k r e v e ng e and s l ay t h e fo e : S o arm y e and r e viv e t h e anci e nt fe u d Th e h e av e n is s u r e ly wit h u s in o u r gri e f ; I t s e y e s r ai n t e ar s o f bl o o d fo r v e ry r u th “
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fill y o u r e ye s with t ears lik e th o s e A nd s trip y ou r b o di e s o f th e ir d ai nty dr e s s Fo r in r e v e ng e for ki ngs it is no t we ll Th at e y e s s hou ld s t int th e ir t e ar s o r h e arts th e ir r ag e Th e m o u rnfu l m u ltit u d e w e pt bit t e rly A nd b u r nt as t h o u gh u p o n a r agi ng fi re Whil e zal r e nt all his r ai m e nt and s at d o wn With l am e nt abl e ou tcrie s in t h e d u s t H e s aid My tr e nch ant bl ad e s h all ne e r b e h o ld S h e ath til l t h e R e s u rr e cti o n my whit e ch arg e r S h all b e m y thr o ne a s p e ar m ine o nly tr e e My pl ac e a s tirr u p and a d u s ky h e l m Th e r e is no r e s t Th e cr o w n u p o n my h e ad N o s tr e am c an m atch O r s l u m b e r in thi s fe u d Th e riv e r o f m i ne e y e s O h ! m ay t h e s o u l O f gr e at N and ar s hi ne bright am id t h e m ighty A nd m ay t h e L o rd o f e arth b e s t o w o n y o u A s o u l fo r F aith and du ty All o f u s A re b o r n t o die ; it is o u r lo t wh e r e t o We yi e ld o u r ne cks N o w wh e n t h e c aptive s h e ard Th e Ira ni ans are u p o n t h e m arch fo r v e ng e anc e Th e y s e nd o u t c am e l e e r s o n e ve ry s id e H av e g ath e r e d c o u ntl e s s tr o o p s and h av e r e no u nc e d H o m e and d e light s th e y ne ith e r at e nor s l e pt S u ch w as th e ir t e rr o r o f Afra s iyab A m e s s ag e fr o m th e m c am e t o Ighriras 0 m an o f m ighty p u rp o s e fam ou s chi e f ! We are thy s l av e s in all and by thy w o rd We l iv e z al as tho u kno w e s t is at h o m e A nd acti ng with t h e m o n arch o f Kab u l arri o r M e n lik e B ar z in Kar an t h e W Kh arrad and th at h o s t s h att e r e r Kis h w ad A re m e n o f m ight with h and s th at r e ach afar A n d will no t k e e p th e ir cl u tch e s o ff Ira n Do y e t o o
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wh e n th e s e w arri o r s wh e e l ab o u t u s h e r e A nd br andi s h th e ir s h arp l anc e s in h is s ight Th e gr e at Afra s iy ab will b e e nr ag e d His h e art will b e in fl am e d ag ai ns t his c aptiv e s A nd fo r h is cr o w n s s ak e h e will bri ng t o d u s t Th e h e ad s o f all o u r bl am e l e s s c o m p any I f pru d e n t I gh riras s e e fit t o fr e e u s We will di s p e r s e pr ai s e h im b e fo r e t he gr e at A nd m ak e th ank s givi ng u nt o G o d fo r h im Wis e I gh r1 ras r e pli e d : S u ch s kille t h no t ; Tw e r e a fo e s ac t ; thi s h u m an A hri m an W ou ld b e i nc e ns e d I will no t t ak e o th e r o rd e r S o th at m y b r o th e r m ay no t t u rn u p o n m e I n v e ng e anc e I f no w z al is k e e n fo r w ar A nd will adv anc e t o figh t u s at S ar i I will d e liv e r y o u t o h im m y s e lf E v ac u at e A mu l fo rb e ar t o fight A nd bri ng t o i nfam y my h o no u r e d h e ad At thi s r e ply t h e no bl e s o f Iran B e n t t o t h e gr o u nd and fu ll o f pr ai s e fo r h im D e s p atch e d a c o u ri e r fr o m S ari with s p e e d Th e m e s s ag e ran To zal t h e s on o f S am O u r G o d h ath piti e d u s ; wi s e I gh rl ras Thi s is t h e p act b e tw e e n u s I s no w o u r fri e nd I f o nly t wo Ira ni an w arri o r s S h all c o me and o ffe r fight th at no bl e m an Wh o w alk e th fo rt u ne s p ath will qu it A m u l Fo r Rai and s o s o me o ne o f u s m ay s c ap e Th e Dr ag o n s cl u tch Th e c ou ri e r r e ach e d zab u l A nd m ad e t h e gl ad ne w s k no w n t o 2 21 w h o c all e d My fri e nds Th e no bl e s t o ld th e m all th e n s aid : P ard s o f t h e fr ay and wi nne r s o f r e no w n Wh o is t h e w arrio r o f princ ely h e art All bl ack with c ou r ag e wh o will r ais e his ne ck ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
3 68
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Did I no t bid th e e S l ay th e s e e vil m e n ; I t will b e fo lly t o i m pri s o n th e m ? Th e w arri o r s h e ad is no t c o nc e r ne d with s t at e cr aft H is fame is g aine d u p o n t h e b attl e fi e ld ; N o r s h o u ld t h e s o ldi e r tr e ad t h e p ath o f wis d o m Fo r wi s d o m ne v e r m ingle t h wi t h r e v e ng e T e ar s and c o m p as s i o n are no t wh o lly ne e dl e s s H e ans w e r e d Wh e n th o u h as t t h e p o w e r t o h arm F e ar G o d and do it no t fo r cr o w n and girdl e S e e m any lik e th e e b u t are no m an s o wn Fo r e v e r H e ari ng t his Afra s iyab Was s il e nc e d fo r t h e o ne w as fu ll o f fi re Th e o t h e r wi s e ; and h o w s h o u ld wi s d o m fi t A t h is r e ply t h e chi e ft ai n r agi ng D ivs h e ad s L ik e e l e ph ant g o ne mad dr e w fo rth h is s ci m it ar A nd c u t h is br o th e r d o w n ; th at m an o f wi s d o m zal h e ard and s aid A nd g o o d ne s s p as s e d aw ay N o w s h all t h e fo rt u ne o f Afra s iya b Be d ark e ne d and his thr o ne l aid w as t e H e bl e w Th e tr u m p e t s b o u nd t h e ty m b al s o n arr ay e d Th e ar m y lik e t h e e y e o f c h anticl e e r A nd w e n t t o w ard Par s in ang e r and r e v e ng e With tr o o p s th at s tr e tch e d fr o m s e a t o s e a and d ark e ne d Afra s iyab Th e s u n and m o o n with d u s t O n h e ari ng z al s d e s ig n m arch e d fo rth h l S h o s t T o w ard Khar o f Rai dr e w u p and t o o k h is s t and Th e o u tp o s t s w e r e e ng ag e d b o th day and night ; Th o u w o u ld s t h av e s aid : Th e w o rld h ath b u t o ne h u e B o th h o s t s l o s t m any a g all ant m an o f m ark Tw as th u s u ntil t w o s e nn ight s p as s e d aw ay A nd h o r s e and fo o t w e r e w e ary o f t h e fr ay ’
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My c o u r age p u blicly Th e p al adin H ath s u r e ly h e ard o f t h e fi e rc e e l e ph ant A nd M o u n t S ipan d and I s h al l l o s e m y fam e I f no w I tr e mbl e at Afra s iyab This is t h e ti m e for fight and no t fo r flight Th e o v e rthr o w o f Li o ns t h e p u r s u it O f w ar r e no w n and b attl e fas hi o n h e r o e s ; Bu t t is no t s o with w o m e n ; th e ir c o nc e r n I s fo o d and s l e e p z al s aid : O g all an t y o u th Th e chi e f o f princ e s and t h e w arri o r s s t ay My h e art r ej o ic e th wh e n I h e ar th e e s p e ak O f th at whit e e l e ph an t an d M o u nt S ipand Fo r t ru ly s i nc e th at fi ght w as w o n with e as e Why fe ar I fo r th e e no w ? A fra s iyab A nd h is de s igns d e priv e m e o f m y s l e e p Y e t c an I s e n d th e e t o c o nt e nd with o ne Wh o is a g all an t king and l o ve t h b attl e ? N o w is thy t im e fo r fe as t s and tw anging h arp s Fo r qu affi ng wi ne and t al e s o f w arlike d e e d s ; Tis n o t t h y ti m e for w arfar e fam e an d s trife O r s e ndi ng u p t h e e arth s du s t t o t h e m o o n H e s aid : I am no t o ne fo r e as e and r e v e l Tw e r e b as e t o p am p e r in l u x u ri o u s ne s s S u ch ar m s as th e s e and th e s e l o ng h and s o f m i ne Wh at th o u gh t h e b attl e fi e ld and fight b e h ard G o d and vict o ri o u s fo rt u ne are m i ne aid s I n b attl e th o u s h alt m ark m e h o w I go Up o n m y r u ddy ch arg e r thr o u gh t h e bl o o d 1 A nd I will c arry in m y h and a cl o u d Th at is o f w ate r e d h u e b u t raine t h g o r e Whil e fr o m t h e s u b s t an c e o f it fl as h e t h fi re : I t s h e ad s h all br u i s e t h e br ai ns o f e l e ph ant s My qu iv e r wh e n I cl o th e my s e lf in m ail .
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fighting h u m ou r s h e will r e nd Th e h e art s o f li o ns and t h e hid e s o f p ard s Th e o ld m an s s ayi ng s o p e ne d R u s t am s e y e s H e c as t h is r o y al l as s o and e nt angl e d Th e pi eb ald s h e ad Th e nlik e a fu ri ou s e l e ph an t Th e dam adv anc e d as s h e w o u ld t e ar o ff Ru s t am s Wh o r o ar e d as s av ag e li ons r o ar and s c ar e d h e r Th e n with o ne b u ffe t o n t h e with e r s s e nt h e r All tr e m bli ng t o t h e gr o u nd S h e r o s e s pr ang b ack Th e n t u r ne d and j o ine d t h e h e rd whil e m ighty R u s t am S t o o d fi rm and dr e w t h e l as s o tigh t e r s till A nd l aid his h and u p on t h e b ay c o lt s b ack Which g av e no t ; th o u h ad s t s aid : I t is no t fe lt Th e h e r o th o u gh t : Thi s is t h e m o u n t fo r m e I s in t h e
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Th e r e w as a nOis e o f dru m s and cl ari o ns O f m ighty e l e ph ant s and I ndi an g o ngs ; Tw as R e s u rr e c t i o n in z ab u lis t an Ari s e ! A nd e arth c all e d l o u dly t o t h e d e ad A h o s t de p art e d fr o m zabu l lik e li o ns ; All h and s w e re b ath e d in bl o o d I n fr o nt c am e R u s t am A s p al adi n th e n v e t e r an w arri o r s Th e tr o o p s s o s pr ead o e r p as s e s pl ai ns and d al e s Th at r av e ns h ad no t r o o m t o fly whil e tym b als B e at e ve rywh e r e and t u m u lt fill e d t h e w o rld A s at th at ti m e o f r o s e s zal le d fo rth Th e ar m y fr o m zab u l Afra s iyab Th e r e at ar o s e fro m b anqu e t r e s t and s l u m b e r A n d m arch e d t o w ard Khar o f R ai al o ng t h e m e ad o w s Am o ng th e ir s tr e am s and r e e d s Th e Irani an h os t F ar e d o e r t h e d e s e rt t o t h e s c e ne o f w ar A nd wh e n t h e ar m i e s w e r e t w o l e ag u e s ap art zal c all e d t h e v e t e r ans and thu s h ar ang u e d th e m Y e m e n o f wi s d o m w e ll appro v e n w arri o r s ! We h av e arr ay e d u s h e r e an am pl e h o s t A nd with adv ant ag e s ; y e t with no S hah U p o n t h e thr o ne o u r pl ant s w ant r e d e o u r t o il s L ack p u rp o s e and o u r tr o o p s a h e ad Wh e n Zav Was o n t h e thr o ne ne w gl o ry e ve r c am e A nd no w w e ne e d a S hah o f r o y al s e e d ,
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gird h im th e r e A n arch im ag e h ath t o ld m e O f v ali ant Kai K u bad of r o y al s t at ur e A fu t u r e S hah o f Faridri n s o w n li ne I n wh o m Gr ac e h e ight and l awfu l cl ai m s c o m bi ne To
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Th e n gl o ri o u s zal s p ak e u nt o R u s tam s aying B e s tir thy s e lf t ak e u p thy m ac e s e l e ct Th e e s c o rt go with s p e e d t o m o u n t Albu r z Do h o m age u nt o K ai K u ba d b u t s t ay no t With h im b e b ack within t wo s e nnight s s l e e p no t Bu t l at e and e arly h u rry o n and t e ll h im Th e s o ldi e r s l o ng and d e ck t h e thr o ne fo r th e e We s e e no ne fitt e d fo r t h e r o y al cr o w n O m o nar ch o u r d e fe nd e r ! b u t thy s e lf Wh e n z al h ad s p o k e n m atchl e s s R u s t am s w e pt Th e gr o u nd with his e y e l as h e s j o yfu lly G o t o n t h e b ack o f R akh s h and pr o u dly r o d e A T u rk m an o u tp o s t I n q u e s t o f K ai K u bad H e ld t he r o ad s tr o ngly b u t h e ch arg e d t h e fo e A s ch am pi o n o f t h e h o s t with h is br av e tr o o p s H e br andi s h e d it A r m e d with t h e o x h e ad m ac e A nd t o w e ri ng in h is wr ath s tr u ck o u t and r ais e d Th e Tu rk m ans h e art s all fail e d H is b attl e cry H is arm l aid many lo w Th e y s tr o v e with him Bu t h ad t o fl e e t h e b attl e in t h e e nd With br o k e n h e art s and t e arfu l e y e s th e y t u r ne d B ack t o Afra s iyab and t o ld h im all H e s o rr o w e d at th e ir c as e c all e d o ne K u lri n A g all ant T u rk m an w arri o r full o f craft Cho o s e ho r s e m e n fr o m t h e h o s t A nd s aid t o h im ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
3 514
Fr o m th at bl e s t l and A nd m ak e fri e nd s o n
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h u s r e pli e d Th e S ha h is th e r e a h o ly m an and no bl e H is nam e is Kai K u bad s pr u ng fr o m t h e s e e d O f Faridrin t h e j u s t and pr o s p e r o u s Dir e ct m e t o h im if ye w o t o f him Th e l e ad e r s aid I w o t o f Kai Ku bad I f th o u wilt e nt e r and d e light o u r h e art s I will dir e c t th e e and d e s crib e t h e m an Th e p e e rl e s s R u s t am h e ari ng thi s di s m ou nt e d Lik e wind and h u rri e d t o t h e w at e r s e dg e To wh e r e t h e fo lk w e r e s e at e d in t h e s h ad e Th e y o u th sat d o w n u p o n t h e thr o ne o f g o ld A nd t aking Ru s t am s h and withi n h is o w n Fill e d u p and dr ai ne d a g o bl e t To t h e Fr e e ! Th e n h and e d it t o R u s t am s ayi ng th u s Th o u as k e s t m e O fam o u s w arri o r ! Ab o u t Ku bad wh e nc e k no w e s t th o u h is nam e S aid R u s t am : Fr o m t h e p al adi n I c o m e With j o yfu l ne w s Th e chi e fs h av e d e ck e d t h e thr o ne A nd c all e d o n Kai K u bad t o b e t h e S hah My s ir e t h e chi e f wh o m m e n c all zal s aid th u s G o with an e s c o rt u n t o m o u nt Alb u r z Fi nd v ali an t Kai K u bad and h o m ag e h im Y e t t arry n o t b u t s ay : Th e w arri o r s c all th e e I f th o u h as t tidi ng s A nd h av e pr e p ar e d t h e thr o ne Giv e th e m and s p e e d him t o t h e s o v e r e ign p o w e r I Th e g all an t s tripli ng s m ili ng ans w e r e d : A m Kai Ku bad and s pr u ng fr o m Faridrin I kno w m y li ne ag e fr o m s ir e t o s ir e Wh e n R u s t am h e ard h e b o w e d r o s e fr o m h is s e at O f g o ld t o do o b e i s anc e and th u s s p ak O r u l e r o f t h e r u l e r s o f t h e w o rld Th e s h e lt e r o f t h e br av e and s t ay o f chi e fs ! t
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GA R S H A S P
385
N o w le t Ira n s thr o ne w ait up on thy will Gr e at e l e ph ant s b e t ak e n in thy t o il s Thy right s e at is t h e thr o ne o f ki ng o f ki ng s ; M ay Gr ac e and gl o ry b e t hi n I bri ng e own ! A gr e e ti ng fo r t h e king o f e arth fr o m zal Th e chi e ft ai n and t h e v ali ant p al adi n If n o w t h e S hah s h all bid h is s l av e t o s p e ak I will acqu it m e o f t h e chi e ft ai n s m e s s ag e Br av e Kai K u bad r o s e fr o m h is s e at i nt e nt Up o n t h e s p e ak e r s w o rd s whil e p e e rl e s s Ru s t am Di s c harg e d h is e m b as s ag e With thr o bbi ng h e art Th e y o u ng pri n c e s aid : Br ing m e a c u p o f wi ne A nd dr ank t o R u s t am s he alth wh o lik e wi s e dr ai ne d A g o bl e t t o t h e m o n arch s life and s aid : Th o u m i n d e s t m e o f gl o ri o u s F aridrin F r R u s t am w as r ej o ic e d at s e e i ng h im o ( ) N o t fo r an i ns t ant m ay t h e w o rld l ack th e e Th e thr o ne o f ki ng s hip o r t h e r o y al cr o w n Th e i ns tr u m e nt s s tr u ck u p gr e at w as t h e j o y Th e gri e f w as s m all t h e r u ddy wi n e w e nt r o u nd A n d fl u s h e d t h e y o u thfu l S hah wh o s aid t o R u s t am Mine ard e nt s ou l in s l e e p s aw t w o whit e h awk s Appr o achin g fr o m Iran and bringin g with th e m A cr o w n bright as t h e s u n Th e y c am e t o m e With d ainty and c ar e s s ing air s and s e t it Up o n my h e ad I w ak e ne d fu ll o f h o p e B e c au s e o f th at bright cr o wn and th o s e whit e h awks A n d m ad e a c o u rt h e r e s u ch as ki ng s w o u ld h o ld A s th o u p e rc e iv e s t by t h e riv e r s id e Lik e th o s e whit e h awk s h ath m atchl e s s R u s t am c o m e With ne ws th at I s h all w e ar t h e w arri o r s cr o w n Wh e n R u s t am h e ard th e r e o f h e s aid : Thy dr e am a d a o u rc e pr o ph e tic s ri u s N o w l e t se H A nd j o u r ne y t o Ira n and t o t h e chi e fs Th e n Kai Ku bad r o s e s wift as fi re and mo u nt e d ’
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TH E S H A H N A M A
3 86
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t d whil e R u s t am girt his l o i ns lik e wind A nd j o u r ne y e d pr o u dly with him Night and day H e tr av e ll e d till h e r e ach e d t h e T u rk m an o u tp o s t s Wh e n b o ld Ku lrin w ar e o f h is c o m i ng m arch e d To m e e t and fight with h im Th e S hah th e r e at Was fai n t o pu t his b attl e in arr ay Bu t m ighty R u s t am s aid t o h im : O S hah ! Tis no t a fight fo r th e e th e y will no t s t and Ag ai ns t my b attl e ax and b ard e d R akh s h ; My h e art and arm and m ac e are h e lp e nou gh ; I as k b u t G o d s pr o t e cti o n With a h an d Like min e and r u ddy R akh s h t o c arry me Wh o will c o nfr o nt my m ac e and s ci m it ar ? H e s p ak e s p u rr e d o n and with a s i ngl e bl o w Thr e w o ne and h u rl e d ano th e r at a third Wh o s e br ai ns ran d o w n his no s tril s Th o s e s tr o ng h and s U nh o r s e d t h e fo e and d as h e d th e m t o t h e gro u nd A nd in th e ir fall br ak e h e ad s and ne ck s and b ack s Ku lrin b e h e ld thi s div e s c ap e d fr o m b o nd s With m ac e in h and and l as s o at h is s addl e Charg e d him lik e wi nd and thr u s ti ng with h is s p e ar Br ak e thr o u gh s o m e fas t e nings o f his m ail b u t R u s tam Wh at wh il e h is fo e w as l o s t in w o nd e r m e nt S e i z e d o n t h e s p e ar and wr e nch e d it fr o m Ku lri n Th e n r o ar e d lik e thu nd e r fr o m t h e m o u nt ain t o p s S p e ar e d h im and h avi ng r ai s e d h im fr o m h is s e at 1 Ku lrin Pu t d o w n t h e s p e ar s b u tt t o t h e gr ou nd Was like a s pitt e d bird in s ight o f all Th e vict o r ro d e R akh s h o v e r h im and tr o d h im Th e T u rk m an h o r s e m e n t u r ne d t o fl e e To d e ath H is
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PR E F A C E i nt e re s t with w h ic h I u s ed t o loo k fo rw ard t o t h e p u blic ati o n o f thi s wo rk t h e pr e p ar at i o n o f which i nnu me rabl e h appy ho u rs h as b e e n affo rd e d us s a dd e ne d fo r m e o f l at e by t he d e ath o f my e ld e r br o th e r and s e ni o r p art ne r in t h e u nd e rt aki ng I t w as b e g u n s o m e tw e n ty y e ar s ago wh e n h e w as t he I nc u m b e nt o f S t M ary s T o thill Fie ld s W e s t m ins t e r I t w as c o nti nu e d and and h ad b u t s c anty l e i s u r e c arri e d far t o w ard c o m pl e ti o n in mo r e fav o u r abl e c irc u m s t an c e s aft e r h is pre s e n ta ti o n by t h e Gr o c e r s C o m p any t o t h e livi ng o f S t M ary le Bo w Ch e ap s id e TH E
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Fr o m ea rly d ays my br o the r w as d e vo t e d t o t h e s t u dy of H is pr o ficie ncy in O ri e n t al l angu ag e s H e br e w w o n h im at O xfo rd t h e P u s e y and E ll e rt o n S ch o l ars hip in 1 8 6 2 and t h e K e nnic o tt in 1 8 6 3 H e w as al s o a g o o d Ar abic and S yri ac s ch o l ar D u ring his twe nty o ne l ab o ri ou s y e ar s fir s t as C u r at e and th e n I nc u m b e n t at We s t m i ns t e r h e ne v e r I thi nk fo r e w e nt fo r l o ng his fav o u rit e br anch o f s t u dy and I m a y add th at w e w e r e e ng ag e d in r e vi s i ng a pas s age in o u r j o i nt tr ans l atio n al m o s t t o within an h o u r o f his s u dd e n d e ath fro m a wh o lly u ns u s pect e d h e art affe cti o n in April 1 9 0 3 H e is I think fo ndly r e m e m b e r e d by m any S u ch .
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v
iii
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m e mo ri e s
in t h e
P R E PA
CE
na u e o f
t r thi ngs b u t fl e e ti ng ; b u t t h e writt e n w o rd r e m ai ns and I am fai n t o h o p e th at by t h e p u blic atio n o f thi s w o rk I m ay b e r ai s i ng t o him an in c o ns pic u ou s p e rh ap s b u t l as t ing m o nu m e nt To t h e v as t m aj o rity o f E ngli s h r e ad e r s t h e S hah na m a s e e m s h ardly t o b e k no w n e v e n by nam e —a fact n o t t o b e w o nd e r e d at c o ns id e ri ng h o w fe w r e fe r e n c e s are m ad e t o it in c urr e nt lit e r atu r e and th at thi s is act u ally t h e fir s t att e m pt t o giv e t h e s u bj e ct m att e r o f t h e gr e at P e r s i an E pic at l arg e in Engli s h I t h as th e r e fo r e s e e m e d d e s ir abl e th at t h e tr ans l ati o n s h o u ld b e acc o m p ani e d by e xpl anat o ry m att e r in t h e fo r m s o f I ntr o d u cti o n N o t e and Argu m e nt To pr e p ar e th e s e h as fall e n t o m y lo t and I am a cc o rdi ngly r e s p o ns ibl e fo r t h e m any fau lt s o f c o m m i s s i o n and o mi s s i o n th at will b e o nly t o o t o t h e e y e s o f s ch o l ar s and e xp e rt s in thi s o bvi o u s br anch o f t h e s u bj e ct I am al s o r e s p o ns ibl e with my br o th e r fo r t h e tr ans l ati o n ge ne r ally and fo r it s fi nal fo r m thr o u gh o u t H is s h ar e h ad h e liv e d wo uld h av e b e e n l arg e r and m o r e i m p o rt ant th an m i ne b u t h is u nti m e ly d e ath will t e nd t o e q u ali s e o u r l ab ou rs On r e vi e wi ng o u r w o rk as a who l e I ve ntu r e t o h o p e th at t h e Engli s h r e ad e r will g ai n fr o m it a v e ry fairly c o rr e ct id e a o f t h e s u bj e ct matt e r o f Firdau s i s gr e at e s t achi e v e m e nt and will at l e as t l e ar n fr o m t h e Intr o d u cti o n and I ntr o d u ct o ry N o t e s wh e r e t o t u r nfo r m o r e s ch o l arly and au th o rit ativ e i nfo r m a ti on o n t h e s u bj e ct I t ak e thi s o pp o rt u nity o f th anking t h e D e l e g at e s o f t h e Cl ar e nd o n P r e s s fo r th e ir ki nd p e r m i s s i o n t o are
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PR E PA m ake
ix
CE
ch ill u s tr ativ e e xtr act s as I ne e d e d fr o m tho s e v o l u m e s o f t h e S acr e d B o o k s o f t h e Eas t S e ri es which c o nt ai n t h e tr ans lati o ns o f t h e Zandav as t a and P ahl avi T e xts by t h e l at e Pr o fe s s o r Darm e s t e t e r and t h e l at e Dr E W W e s t r e s p e ctiv e ly Th e s e t rans la tio ns with th e ir i ntr o d u cti o ns and no t e s are m o s t val u abl e t o t h e s tu d e nt o f t h e S h ah nam a I h ave als o t o th ank my s i s t e r C ar o li ne W ar ne r and m y ne ph e w G e o rg e R e ds t o n W ar ne r fo r o cc as i o nal h e lp I h o p e t o p u bli s h o u r tr an s l ati o n a v o l u m e at a ti me as cir c u ms t anc e s p e rmit su
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E DM O N D WA R N E R E LT H
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Fe bru a ry
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C O N TE N TS
I N TR O DU C TI O N PE O PLE I I : PO ET A N D POEM I I I : TE XT A N D TR A N S LA T IO N I
.
LA N D
:
A ND
.
.
LIS T A
REV IO U S PER SI A N
N S L TO R S C A LE N DA R
TR A
P
OF
N C I E NT
G E N E A LO G I O A L TA B LE
A
S
RE V I A T IO N S N O T E O N PR O N U N O I A TI O N A
BB
SHAHNAM A
TH E TH E
PRE LU DE I nv o
c ti a
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N A S TY
re atnes s A h r i man
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re atne s and F ll o f J ams hid Th e S to ry o f Zahh ak and h is Fath e r H o w I bli s t u rne d C o k H o w t h e Fo r tu ne s o f J amebi d w nt t o Wrack Th e G
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H o w Faridiin q u e s one d h is M o e a o u h is O k and K a a t h e S m o f Zah ha 5 Th e S o a d n e n t o Ba e t Zahh ak 6 H ow
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C O N TE N TS FA R I DON '
3 4
xiii
(continued)
i ng
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H o w t he K
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H o w t h e S o ns
Yaman
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r r r by S orce ry ri u Tr i l 7 H o w Far i dun di v i de d t h e W rl d among h is S o n 8 H o w S al m gre w nv i o us o f Iraj 9 H o w S al m and Tur s e nt a M e ag e t Faridun e r t o hi S o ns H o w Far i dunmade A ns w 10 I I H o w Iraj we nt t o h i Br th rs H w Iraj w a s l ai n by h is Bro th e rs 12 I 3 H w Fa idim r e c e i e d Ti di ng o f t h e M u rde r H o w S a v p o v e d t h e S o ns o f Fa idu n 5 a o f h is S o ns 6 H O W Fa d n m ade .
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ght r w
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C O N TE N TS
iv
M I N fI C H I H R
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33 34
Th e
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Th e
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.
Cas e
H o w S am
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27
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I N TR O D U C T I O N CH A PTE R I LA N D
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IR A N t h e chi e f s c e ne o f Firdau s i s S hah nam a is b o u nd e d o n t h e no rth by t h e S te pp e s t h e C as pi an S e a and t h e Kur and R i o n riv e r s o n t h e s o u th by t h e I ndi an O c e an o n t h e e as t by t h e v all e y o f t h e I nd u s and o n t h e w e s t by th at o f t h e Tigri s and At pr es e n t it E u phr at e s and by t h e P e r s i an Gu lf i ncl u d e s P e r s i a A fgh ani s tan B al u chi s tan and s mall p o rti o ns o f R u s s i a and T u rk e y I t is a l o fty and for t h e m o s t p art a r ai nl e s s t abl e l and tr ave r s e d by nu m e r ou s m o u nt ai n r ang e s divid e d fr o m e ach o th e r b y fl at pl ai ns and falli ng aw ay t o w ard t h e c e ntr e which is a d e s e rt whit e with s alt s c u rf Th e m o u nt ai ns are du n with p o wd e ry d u s t or high e s t r o u nd t h e e dg e s o f t h e t abl e l and and i nt e rc e pt S o m e m o i s t u r e h o w e v e r fi nd s m o s t o f t h e r ai nfall it s w ay e ve n i nt o t h e r ainl e s s r e gi o n wh e r e it g ath e r s d u ring wi nt e r o n t h e h igh e r h ill s in t h e fo r m o f s no w This s no w w at e r is c ar e fu lly h u s b and e d and di s trib u t e d by m e ans o f u nd e rgro u nd w at e r c o u r s e s Th e int e ri o r is h o w e v e r drying u p and city vill ag e and c u ltiv at e d fi e ld are b e i ng gr ad u ally o ve rwh e l m e d in d u s t and s hifti ng s and s P os s ibly as l at e as e arly his t o ric al ti m e s v e ry ’
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I N T R O D UC TIO N
4
diffe r e nt c o nditi o ns pr e v ail e d Th e l o w e r pl ains and d e pr e s s i o ns o nc e fo r m e d a s e ri es o f l ak e s th at s u gg e s t e d t h e app e ar an c e o f an in l an d s e a and s u ch n am e s as i s l an d p o rt lighth o u s e & c are s aid t o s till s u rviv e in pl ac e s as a r e lic and i ndic ati o n o f t h e o ld 1 whil e a c o ns id e r abl e b o dy o f w at e r s t at e o f thi ng s is s till t o b e fo u nd in t h e e as t e r n h alf o f t h e c e ntr al de pr e s s i o n o n t h e fr o nti e r b e tw e e n P ers i a and Afgh ani s Thi s r e gi o n is no w k no wn as S is ta n b u t in anci e nt t an ti m e s w as c all e d Drangiana o r t h e l ak e c o u ntry a n am e which s u rviv e d mu ch l at e r in it s fo r m e r c apit al Z ar ang and as Zirih is s till u s e d in c o nne cti on with it s l ak e Fr o m April till l at e in t h e au t u m n t h e s ky s av e fo r an o cc as i on al th u nd e rs t o r m am o ng t h e m o u n t ai ns is an u n cl o u d e d az u r e in wi nt e r a g o o d d e al o f s no w fall s and in s pring t h e th u nd e r s t o r m s are h e avy and fr e qu e n t Th e air is as a r u l e r e m ark ably h e althy b u t o n t h e b o rd e r s o f t h e d e s e r t s t h e i nh abit ant s h av e s o m e ti m e s t o live s hu t u p fo r w e e k s t o g e th e r t o 2 av o id t h e p e s til e n ti al bl as t s Th e favo u r e d r e gi o ns are th os e th at fr on t w e s t and Th e y are s pl e n didly w o o d e d and no rth r e s p e ctiv e ly all t h e o rdinary fl o w e r s and fr u it s e xtr e m e ly fe rtil e o f E u r o p e do w e ll whil e in t h e di s trict b e tw e e n t h e Alb u r z M o u nt ai ns and t h e C as pi an and k no wn as Ma z and aran t h e cli m at e is s e m itr o pic al an d t h e v e ge t ati o n m os t l u xu ri ant H e r e ric e t h e s u g ar c ane 3 t h e vi ne t h e o r ang e and t h e o liv e fl o u ris h In th e fe w w at e r e d v all e ys of t h e l o ng s ou th e rn c o as t t h e cli m at e is tr o pic al in ch ar act e r Th e t am aris k and m i mo s a are l arg e ly r e pr e s e nt e d and h e r e and th e r e are gr o v e s o f d at e p al m s .
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I N TR O D UC T IO N Th e im m e di at e
5
ighb ou rh o o d o f t h e s alt d e s e rt s is t h e h au n t o f t h e wild as s o r o nag e r and o f t h e ant e l o p e t h e s l o p e o f t h e m o u n t ain r ang e s o f t h e wild s h e e p o r arg ali an d th e ir s u m m it o f t h e wild g o at o r ib e x Th e t r act s artifici ally r e cl ai m e d and w at e r e d are t h e fav o u rit e h o m e o f t h e s andgr o u s e and t h e highl and s t h e v u lt u r e t h e falc o n t h e r av e n t h e o f t h e e agl e and t h e nighti ng al e —t h e b u lbu l o f t h e p o e t s c re w Th e ac o r ns o f t h e w e s t e r n s l o p e s attr ac t t h e wild s wi ne which in t u r n t e m pt t h e li o n fr o m t h e r e e d b e ds 1 o f t h e Tigri s and t h e c o v e r o f it s trib u t ari e s S win e t o o ab o u nd in Maz an d ara n and affo rd fo o d fo r t h e tig e r which fl o u ris h e s th e r e t h e d e ns e u nd e rgr o wth af fo rdi ng it as go o d and v e g e t ati o n o f th at r e gi o n 2 an I n di an j u ngl e H e r e t o o are fou nd s h e lt e r as d e e r b u ffal o s w an w at e rfo wl w o o dc o ck and ph e as ant S p e aki ng o f t h e c o u ntry m o r e g e ne r ally w e m ay add t o thi s li s t l e o p ard s W ildc at s w o lv e s b e ar s hy aenas fo x e s s nak e s s c o rpi o ns v ip e r s li z ard s t he p artri dge Th e chi e f d o m e s tic ani m al s are t h e o x and t h e l ark t h e s h e e p e s p e ci ally t h e fat t ail e d v ari e ty th e h o r s e t h e c am e l and t h e m u l e Iran is a l and o f s h arp c o ntr as t s o f i nt e ns e h e at and c old o f s u dd e n and ab no r m al ch ang e s o f t e m p e r atu r e o f de ad l e v e l and s t e e p as c e n t o f s pl e ndid fe r t ility h ard by life l e s s d e s o l ati o n o f irrig ati o n and d u s t Its n at u r al ch ar act e ri s tic s fi nd e xpr e s s i o n in t h e anci e n t We are t o ld th at U rmu z d c o s m o go ny o f it s p e o pl e — n G d Pri cipl cr e at e d e arth as a l o v e ly pl ain o e the o b ath e d in a m ild p e rpe t u al r adi anc e fanne d by s o ft t e m p e r at e air s b o u nt e o u s ly pr o vid e d with fr e s h s w e e t w at e r s and cl ad in a s m o o th and h ar m l e s s v e g e t ati o n H e r e t h e Fir s t M an and t h e Fir s t O x dw e lt i n p e ac e Ahri m an—t h e Evil Pri ncipl e —br o k e and h appi ne s s i nt o thi s fair s c e ne and all w as ch ang e d Gl o o m m i ng e d wi t h light t h e s e as o ns di ffe r e nc e b e g an t h e ne
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I N TR O D UC T IO N
6
t u rne d s alt t h e s tr e ams dwi ndl e d t h e v e g e t ati on gre w r o u gh and th o r ny dr o ught c am e and d u s t and d e s e rt ; m ou nt ai n r ang e s S pr ang u p fr o m t he pl ain and t h e m an and e x w e r e s trick e n with di s e as e and di e d ; b u t fr o m t h e b o dy o f t h e fo r m e r s prang t h e fir s t h u m an p air fr o m wh o m all t h e e arth w as o v e r s pr e ad and fr o m t h e b o dy o f t h e l att e r all o th e r h ar m l e s s u s e fu l and b e au tifu l ani m al s whil e A hri m an in o pp o s iti on t o th e s e cr e at e d all no i s o m e and hid e o u s i ns e ct s r e ptil e s and cr e atu r e s s h arp o f fang o r cl aw Le t u s n o w t u r n fr o m t h e l and t o t h e p e o pl e Fo r us th e r e is no o cc as i o n t o dis cu s s qu e s ti o ns o f rac e fr o m any v e ry m o d e r n s t andp o int Fo r u s it is r at h e r wh at e thnic al vi e ws o bt aine d in anci e nt I ra n and m o u ld e d it s tr aditi o ns A s t o th e s e th e r e is h appily littl e r o o m fo r d o u bt D ari u s H y s t aspis t h e fo u nd e r o f t h e P e r s i an e m pir e am s t o f it s hi s t o ric S hah s h av i ng d e cid e d t h e m att e r fo r u s On t he r o ck o f Bihis t un h e r e c o rd e d h is gr e at achi e v e m e nts in a trili ng u al in s cripti o n t h e l ang u ag e s e m pl o y e d b e i ng anci e nt P e r s i an B abyl o ni an and S cythi an Th e o bvi o u s e xpl anat i o n o f h is pr o c e e ding is th at h e r e c o g nis e d in t h e p o p u l ati o n o f h is v as t e m pire thr e e dis ti nct r ac e s o f manki nd and r e g ardi ng l ang u ag e as di s t i nctiv e o f r ac e u s e d it t o e m ph as i s e th at gr e at p o litic al fact I n t h u s dis ti ng u i s hi ng h e fo ll o w e d a tr u e phil o l o gic al ins ti nct and his dis tincti ons s till l arg e ly o bt ai n at t h e pr e s e nt day E ach o f his thr e e l ang u ag e s r e pr e s e nt s a gr e at divi s i on o f h u m an s p e e ch H is vi e w as w e s h all s ee agr e e s with t h e tr aditi o ns and l e g e nd s o f his r ac e an d if s o m e m o d e r n S hah w e r e t o r e s t o r e t h e e m pir e o f D ari u s an d wi s h e d t o i m it at e t h e e x am pl e o f h is gr e at pr e d e c e s s o r h e w o u ld s till h av e t o ch o o s e l ang u ag e s typic al o f t h e s am e thr e e divi s i o ns I n wh at fo ll o w s th e r e fo r e l ang u ag e is m ad e t h e b as i s o f cl as s ific ati o n and t h e divi s i o n s th u s cl as s ifi e d are c o mm only c all e d t h e I nd o Eu r o p e an t h e S e m itic and s e as
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I N TR O D UC TIO N
8
r e gard e d as t h e r ai n s t e al e r Th e g o o d s pirit s h as t e ne d t o t h e r e s c u e t h e light ning — fl as h cl o v e t h e cl o u d and t h e d e m o ns dr o pp e d th e ir b o o ty Th e s e rp e nt fi e nd h ad t o b e c o m b at e d fo r o th e r r e as o ns t o o fo r h is b it e br o u ght fe v e r di s e as e and d e ath Acc o rd ingly t h e divi n e phy s ici an app e ar e d s id e by s id e with t h e divi ne h e r o Trita with Trait ana an d b e c am e as w e s h all s e e l at e r o n m e rg e d i n t o a s i ngl e p e r s o nality in Ira ni an l e g e nd S acrific e s w e r e o ffe r e d and t h e dri nk O ffe ri ng o f t h e j u ic e o f t h e S o m a o r H o m a pl ant w as p o u r e d fo rth Th e pl an t is u s u ally id e ntifi e d as b e i ng t h e A s clepi as a cida o r S ar cos t emm a o i m in ale ‘ Th e A ry ans al s o w o r s hipp e d t h e s pirit s o f th e ir an c e s t o r s and w e r e b e li e v e r s in wh at is c all e d s m y p ath e tic m agi c Th e y th o u ght th at i nj u ry d o ne t o anythi ng in t h e r e m o t e s t w a c o nne ct e d with th e ir y o wn p e r s o ns w o u ld affe c t th e m s e lv e s i nj u ri o u s ly Even t h e kn o wl e dg e o f th e ir nam e m igh t b e t u rne d t o th e ir h u rt and w e s h all fi nd i ns t anc e s in t h e p o e m o f childr e n b e i ng br o u ght u p u nnam e d t o av o id th at c o nti ng e ncy At a p e ri o d which c anno t b e pu t at l e s s th an fo u r th o u s and y e ar s ago t h e Ary ans t he m s e lve s div id e d and whil e a p o rti o n d e s c e nd e d t o t h e I ndu s and b e c am e t h e d o m i nant r ac e in I ndi a t h e r e s t r e m ai ne d and gr ad u ally t o o k p o s s e s s i o n o f all th at w as h abit abl e in t h e v as t r e gi o n th at c o ns e q u e ntly b e c am e k no w n as t h e l and o f Th e A r ans th u s b e c am e s e p ar at e d t h e Ary ans o r I ran i nt o t w o br anch e s — an Eas t e r n and a We s t e r n With t h e fo r m e r w e are b u t littl e c o n c e r ne d ; t h e l e g e nd ary h nam a s t o ry o f t h e l at t e r is t h e th e m e o f t h e S h a O f th e s e W e s t e r n Ary ans t h e t wo m o s t fam o u s p e o pl e s h av e e ve r b e e n t h e M e d e s and P e r s i ans b t S m k nd nd B lkh in t h Th pl n t gr w in t h r gi n th Th h t w r p nd d in a n rth and in Ki r man i n t h gr ni h li q i d w a pr d c d which m ortar nd w t r b i ng dd d ha i ng b n tr i n d w mix d w ith milk nd b arl y w ild ric nd ll w d t f rm nt Th pr d ct w i nt xic ti ng S G H P i 3 6 w as pe rv e r s e ly
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I N T RO D UC TIO N
9
M e d e s wh o s e m o d e r n r e pr e s e nt ative s if any s e e m t o b e t h e Kurd s app e ar in anci e nt ti m e s t o h av e b e e n a l o o s e c onfe d e rati o n O f ki ndre d trib e s br o k e n u p i nt o nu m e r ou s s e ttl e m e nt s e ach u nd e r it s l o c al h e ad 1 m an o r chi e f Th e y s e e m t o h ave h ad no s u pr e m e p o litic al h e ad o r ki ng t o u nit e t h e r ac e u nd e r o ne c e ntr al au th o rity Th e ir c o m mo n b o nd if any w as a r e ligi o u s o ne u nd e r th e ir pri e s t s t h e M agi Acc o rdi ng t o th e ir o w n tr aditi o ns t h e o rigi nal s e at o f t h e r ac e w as Iran v ej i e Irani an s e e d and thi s has b e e n w e ll id e ntifi e d with t h e di s trict o f K ar ab agh t h e anci e n t Arra n t h e Hpi a ma o f t h e Gr e e k s b e tw e e n t h e Kur and t h e Ar as wh e r e t h e Anti C au c as u s fo r m s t h e tr u e no rth w e s t e r n s c arp o f t h e t abl e l and o f Ira n 2 In hi s t o ric al ti m e s h o w e v e r w e firs t fi nd t h e M e d e s in ss ess q of t o giv e it p p i q " i ts anci e n t titl e A t rfi iat e ne Th e P e r si ans o cc u pi e d fro m ti m e i m m e m o ri al t h e c o u ntry o n t h e e as t e r n s h o r e s o f t h e P e r s i an G u lf n o w r e pr es e nt e d by t h e m o d e rn pr o vinc e s o f Fars is t an and Laris t an and w e r e r u l e d by k ings o f t h e h ou s e o f A ch ae m g p g s Th e s e t w o p e o pl e s cl o s e ly c o nne ct e d as t e y w e r e by l ang u ag e and r ac e b e c am e in t h e d ay s o f D ariu s H y s t as pis d o m i nant in Ira n and t o thi s do m i nati o n t h e M e d e s app e ar t o h av e c o ntrib u t e d t h e r e ligi o u s t h e P e r s i ans B e tw e e n t he M ode s and t h e t h e p o litic al e l e m e nt Pe r s i ans lay in anci e nt ti m e s as w e l e ar n fr o m A s s yri an and B abyl o ni an r e c o rd s o th e r ki ndr e d p e o pl e s —t h e ki ngd o m o f El am with it s c apit al at S u s a s o m e tw e nty fi v e m il e s t h e m o d e r n S hu s t e r and t h e ki ngd o m o f E lli i in t h e ne ighb o u rh o o d o f th e m o d e r n H am ada n p Th e Ira ni ans as a wh o l e w e r e b o u nd e d o n t h e w e s t by O n th e S e m itic and o n t h e no rth by Tura ni an p e o pl e s e as t th e y w e r e c o n t e r m ino u s with t h e Ary an s o f I ndi a and u lti m at e ly th e y c am e i nt o c o n t act with t h e W e s t e r n Th e
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IN TR O D UC TIO N
10
I nd o E u r o p eans
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w e ll no t ably with t h e Gr e e k s and R o m ans A s t h e c o s m o go ny and r e ligio n o f t h e Irani ans w e r e l arg e ly d e riv e d fr o m th e ir phy s ic al s o w as th e ir tr aditi o n fr o m th e ir e t h nic al e nvir o nm e nt We are c on c e rne d with all thr e e b u t e s p eci ally with t h e l as t —th e ir tr aditi o n Th e r e m aind e r o f t h e pr e s e n t ch apt e r will th e re fo r e b e d e v o t e d t o a bri e f and n e c e s s arily dry s u m m ary o f th e ir hi s t o ric al r e l ati o ns with t h e S e m it e s as r e pr e s e nt e d by t h e As s yri ans in e arly and t h e Ar ab s in l at e r ti m e s with o th e r I nd o E u r o p e an r ac e s r e pr e s e nt e d by t h e Gr e e k s and R o m ans in t h e w e s t and by t h e Hi nd u s in t h e e as t and with t h e Tura ni ans as r e pr e s e nt e d by t h e Kimm e rians S cy t hians w w W fr an ia ns a n d the S em i tes —I n t h e nu me r o u s c ont e m p o r ary r e c o rd s o f t h e A s s yri ans w e fi nd m any r e fe r e nc e s t o t h e Irani ans The wh o l e o f t h e w e s t e rn fr o nti e r o f Iran fr o m t h e M e d e s in t h e no rth t o t h e P e r s i ans in t h e s o u th s e e m s t o h av e b e e n s u bj e ct e d at o ne p o i nt o r ano th e r t o al m o s t c o ns t ant aggr e s s i o n at fir s t by m e r e r aid s b u t l at e r o n by at t e m pt s at p e rm ane nt c o nqu e s t at t he h and s o f t h e gr e at w arri o r m o narch s o f N ine v e h —S h al m ane s e r I I ( B C 8 58 8 2 R i mm o n nirari III S am as R i mm o n I I ( B C 8 2 3 as
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I N TRO D UC T IO N
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c o nfe d e r acy which incl u d e d t h e M e d e s Pr o b ably no e m pir e w as e v e r l e s s l am e nt e d by t h e w o rld at l arge for w e h ave t h e A s s y ri ans o wn w o rd fo r it th at th e ir w arfar e w as att e n d e d with e v e ry circ u m s tanc e o f cru e lty and h o rr o r Th ey h o ld i nd e e d a b ad re e m i ne nc e in th at r e s p e ct o v e r all t h e o th e r p nati o ns o f an tiq u ity With t h e fall o f Ni ne ve h s e ri o u s S e m itic aggr e s s i on c e as e d s o far as t h e Irani ans w e r e c o nc e r ne d t ill aft e r t h e Chri s ti an e ra h ad b e g u n Ar abi a w as at t h at e p o ch e xtr e m e ly pr os p e r o u s and c arri e d o n a v as t c ar av an t r affic in n ativ e pr o d u c e and i m p o rt s fr o m I ndi a with t h e w e s t and no rth Wh e n h o w e v e r R o m e h ad b e c o me r e c ogni s e d as t h e c e ntr e o f t h e w o rld h e r m e rch ant s s o o n hi t u p o n a l e s s circ u it o u s and c o ns o qu e ntly ch e ap e r r ou t e Th e y s t art e d a dir e ct tr affic b e tw e e n I ndi a and t he R e d S e a wh e r e by m e rch andis e i ns t e ad o f b e i ng l and e d in S o u th e rn Ar abi a and th e nc e c o nv e y e d no rthw ard s by l and w as dis ch arg e d at Ars ino e Cle o pat ris ( S u e z ) and o th e r Egypti an p o rt s A s a r e s u lt S o u th e r n Ar abi a—t h e m o s t fe r t il e and p o pu l o u s r e gi o n o f t h e p e ni ns u l a—w as r u i ne d and in ti m e b o th th e r e and al o ng t h e li ne s o f t h e o ld c ar av an r o u t e s o nly m as s i v e r e m ains o f citi e s c anal s d am s an d aq u e d u ct s w e r e l e ft t o wit ne s s t o a l o s t pr o s p e rity A v as t p o p u l ati o n w as thr o w n o u t o f e m pl o y m e n t and t h e A r ab s b e g an t o e m igr at e no rthw ard as e arly it w o u ld as t h e fir s t c e n t u ry A D s ee m Th e A z dit e s in thi s w ay fo u nde d t h e citi e s o f Hir a and A nb ar o n t h e E u phr at e s and w e r e l o rd s o f D am as c u s t ill t h e d ay s o f t h e Kh al ifa U m ar O th e r trib e s fr o m t h e s o u th s e ttl e d in t h e m o u n t ai ns o f Aj a and S al m a t o the z no rth o f N aj d and Al H aj a Th e s e N o rth e r n Ar ab s w e r e divid e d in th e ir all e gi anc e b e tw e e n t h e R o m an and s as a ni an e m pir e s ; and th e ir q u arr e l s am o ng t h e m s e l v e s th e ir r e s tl e s s ne s s and i nc o ns t ancy m ad e th e m th o rns in t h e s id e s o f b o th and le d t o m any a
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I N TR O D UC TIO N
12
diffic u lti e s Th e d e fe at o f J u li an by S ap o r II is s aid t o h av e b e e n l arg e ly du e t o t h e d e fe cti o n o f t h e Ar ab alli e s o f t h e fo r m e r whil e o n t h e o th e r h an d t h e w e s t e r n fr o nti e r o f Ira n w as alw ay s li abl e t o b e e v e r ru n by th e m as far n o rth as and i n cl u di ng A z arb i a n j Th e h av o c c au s e d w as o ft e n gr e at and t h e r e t ali ati o n o n o cc as i o ns fe r o ci o u s With t h e ri s e o f M u h am m ad t h e Ar ab s b e c am e gr e at r e ligi o u s and p o litic al p o w e r Aft e r h is a d e ath in A D 6 3 2 h e w as s u cc e e d e d in t u rn by Ab u B akr anm arf I n t he c o u rs e o f t h e t e n y e ar s o f t h e l att e r s r u l e Ira n w as c o nqu e r e d by h is ge ne r al s aft e r t h e thr e e gr e at b attl e s o f Kadis iy y a and J alula in A D A dy nas t y o f high o ffici al s 6 3 7 and N ahav and A D 64 1 o f t h e S a s a ni an e m pir e s till h e ld o u t and m ain t ai ne d 1 h n h a s s t e an ci e t faith in t e f t ne s e s o f Ma z and ara n b u t Ira n as a wh o l e w as b o th fr o m a r e ligio u s and a p o litic al p o i nt o f vi e w s u b m e rg e d Th e r e ligi o u s c o nqu e s t pr o v e d t o b e p e r m ane nt b u t aft e r a ti m e nati o n al fe e li ng b e g an t o re as s e rt it s e lf ag ai ns t t h e p o li t ic al as t h e fo ll o wing bri e f s u mm ary o f e v e nt s m ay s e rv e t o s h o w U m ar app o i nt e d a c o mm itt e e o f five t o s e l e ct t h e ne xt Kh al ifa aft e r his d e ath Aft e r l o ng d e b at e th e y ch o s e Uth m a n b u t s u b s e q u e ntly r e p e nti ng o f th e ir ch o ic e thr e e o f t h e fi v e br o u ght ab o u t h is as s as s i n ati o n aft e r a r e ig n o f tw e lv e y e ar s A li as Kh ali fa (A D Uth m an an d no m i n at e d w as o f t h e Um ayy ad fam ily and it s h e ad M u awiy a th e n g o v e rno r o f S yri a t o o k u p ar m s t o av e nge h im N e ith e r h ad any dir e ct cl ai m t o t h e Khilafat b u t A li w as t h e s o n o f M u h am m ad s u ncl e Abu Talib and h ad m arri e d t h e pr o ph e t s d au ght e r Fati m a k no w n as A li M u h am m ad h ad s aid o f him : t h e m aid e n is fo r m e and I am fo r h im ; h e s t and s t o m e in t h e r ank as A ar o n did t o M o s e s ; I am t h e t o wn s ame and h e is t h e g at e i n which all k no wl e dg e is s h u t u p .
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I N TR O D U C TI O N
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it 1 A li c ame t o b e r e g ard e d as as s o ci at e d in a v e ry ith w h e pr o ph e t and w as k no w n as h is t s p e ci al w a y e x e c u t o r o r m and at ary and al s o as t h e L i o n o f Go d o r M u awiy a o n t h e o th e r h and w as s i m ply as t h e Li o n t h e s o n o f o ne o f M u h amm ad s bitt e r e s t o pp o ne nt s and h ad no thi ng b u t h is o w n abiliti e s t o r e c o m m e nd h im I n t h e h e at o f t h e c o nt e s t which e ns u e d s o m e o f Ali s fo ll o w e r s in th e ir z e al fo r h im w e nt t o o far Th e y no t o nly cl ai m e d t h e Khilafat fo r h im by divi ne righ t b u t act u ally de ni e d th at Abu B akr U m ar and Uth m a n h ad any titl e t o b e r e g ard e d as l e giti m at e Kh alifas at This s h o ck e d and dr e w a g o o d m any o f t h e all fai t hfu l i nt o M u aw iy a s c am p and t h e t w o p arti e s b e c ame kno w n as S hi it e s (p arti s ans ) and S u nnit e s m iii m d an ox e Miflia a o rth o d t h v e n t a n e x t r e n I e e ( ) s e ct k no w n as Kh arij it e s ( di s s e nt e r s o s e at which r a ) th at ti m e d e ni e d t h e right s o f b o th c andid at es adv o c at e d t h e b e s t o w al o f t h e Khilafat o n th e bes t and c am e t o t h e c o n cl u s i o n th at t h e tr u e c o u r s e o u t o r e m o v e b o th w o u ld b e t o f t h e difli c u lt A l i s w a y acc o rdi ngly as s as s i nat e d b u t M u awiy a e s c ap e d and b e c am e Khalifa with ou t fu rthe r di s p u t e 2 Th e wr o ngs o f A li h o w e v e r as m any th o u ght th e m h ad t ak e n h o ld o n t h e p o p u l ar m i nd e s p e ci ally in ira n and w e r e i nt e ns ifi e d wh e n h is s o n H u s ai n —t h e gr and s o n o f M u h amm ad hi ms e lf—w as s l ain by M u awiya s s o n and Th e U m ay y ads wh o s e chi e f s u cc e s s o r Yiz id A D 6 8 1 s u pp o rt lay in S yri a h ad ne c e s s arily t o r u l e fr o m D am as c u s and thi s t e nd e d t o s l ack e n th e ir h o ld o v e r th e ir E as t e rn p os s e s s i o ns T aki ng adv ant ag e o f thi s fact and e xpl o iting t h e fe e li ng ab o u t A li t o th e ir o wn adv ant ag e t h e d e s c e nd an t s o f Abba s o ne o f M u h am m ad s u ncl e s gr adu ally un d e r m in e d t h e p os iti o n o f t h e r e ig ni ng h ou s e till at l e ngth in t h e y e ar A D 7 50 with t h e as s i s t anc e o f t h e P e rs i ans th e y s u ppl ant e d t h e U m ay y ads e v e rywh e r e e xc e pt in S p ain Th e ”
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I N T RO D U C TIO N
14
tri u m ph o f t h e Abba s id s w as a h alf tri u mph fo r P e rs i an nati o nality and t he fact w as r e c o g ni s e d by t h e ab and o nm e n t o f D am as c u s as t h e s e at o f e m pir e and a r e tu r n t o t h e o ld s t at e o f thi ngs th at h ad pre v ail e d u nd e r t h e S a s a ni ans by t h e b u ildi ng o f B aghdad and t h e tr ans fe r e nc e t o it o f t h e s e at o f g o v e rn m e n t A no th e r tri u m ph w as w on wh e n aft e r t h e d e ath o f H arunu r R as h id h is s o n Ma m u n wh o s e m o th e r w as a P e r s i an s l av e o v e rc ame with P e r s i an h e lp his br o th e r A m in wh o w as s u pp o rt e d by S yri a Ma m u n w as t he l as t gr e at Abbas id Kh alifa (A D 8 1 3 —8 3 D e cline s o o n fo ll o w e d I n A D 8 6 1 t h e Kh alifa M u t awak k il w as m u rde r e d by h is o wn s o n and t h e Abba s id s b e c am e th e nc e fo rth i ns ig nific ant h avi ng littl e p o w e r o u t s id e t h e w all s o f B aghdad and d e p e nd e nt chi e fly o n t h e fo rb e ar anc e o f th e ir m ay o rs o f t h e p al ac e if t h e e xpr e s appli e d t o E as t e r n hi s t o ry w h o pr e fe rr e d s i on m a b e y t o v e il th e ir o w n s u pr e m acy b e hi nd t h e r e v e r e nc e s till i ns pir e d by t h e K halifas in th e ir r e ligi o u s as p e ct as C o mm and e r s o f t h e F aithfu l I n t h e t e nth c e nt u ry thi s ic e w as h e ld by t h e Dilam ids w h o cl ai me d d e s c e nt o ff fro m t h e an ci e nt P e r s i an ki ng s and w e r e fe rv e n t S h i it e s Th e y r u l e d o v e r W e s t e rn and S ou th e rn Ira n p o s i ng In t h e whil e as t h e Kh ali fas m o s t o b e di e nt s l av e s w h o cl ai m e d t o t h e no rth and e as t t h e S am anide s b e d e s c e nd e d fr o m t h e fam o u s Ira ni an h e r o B ahra m Chu bina b u t w e r e in r e ality o f T u rk m an d e s c e nt w e r e Th e p o litic al s u pr e m acy o f t h e Ar ab s in s u pr e m e Iran w as at an e nd — k Th e h e r e s a n d R o n s m t G e a The I r an i a n s a n d hi s t o ric s trife b e tw e e n P e r s i an and Gr e e k is s o fam ili ar t o u s th at it is hard t o r e ali s e th at t h e o nly po rt io n o f it in Ira ni an l e g e nd th at in any w ay c o i ncid e s with au th e ntic h is t o ry is th at which d e al s with t h e i nv as i o n o f t h e E as t by Al e x and e r t h e Gr e at ; and e v e n thi s is m o s tly b as e d no t o n native b u t Gr e e k tr aditi o n s o m o di fi e d by Irani an p atri o ti s m as t o gl o s s o v e r o r e xpl ain ’
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I N TR O D UC TIO N
6
wh e n a Brah man dynas ty r e pl ac e d t h e B u ddhi s t I t w as pr o b ably no t m u ch b e fo r e t h e e l e v e nth c e nt u ry o f t he Chris ti an e ra th at M u h am m ad ani s m fi nally ‘ m u i tri ph e d n th o s e r e gi o ns To t h e Z o r o as tri an h o w e v e r no l e s s th an t o t h e M u h amm ad an B u ddhis m and Br ah m ani s m w e r e alik e id o l atry and thi s vi e w h as l e ft as w e s h all s e e it s m ark o n Irani an l e ge nd Th e fi e rc e w ar s c arri e d o n agai ns t t h e id o l at e rs o f I ndi a by t h e M u h am m ad ans o f E as t e r n Ira n at t h e e nd o f t h e t e nth and t h e b e ginning o f t h e e l e ve nth c e nt u ry h av e al s o le ft t h e ir m ark The I r an i a n s a n d Tar an i a n s — S av ag e b arb aro u s and u nc o u th t h e nati o ns o f t h e N o rth h av e al way s b e e n n o t o ri o u s fo r t h e dis g u s t and t e rr o r with which th e y h av e i ns pir e d t h e high e r civili s ati o ns o f t h e S o u th Th e T urani ans w e r e littl e b e tte r th an t h e A s s yri ans in th e ir tr e atm e nt o f v anqu i s h e d fo e s and d e cid e dly w o rs e I n t h e m o s t anci e nt ti m e s o f which w e h av e in as p e ct an r e c o rd t h e gr e at highw ay fo r th e s e nati o ns s o u th y w ard l ay b etw e e n t h e C as pi an and Eu xi ne S e as Th e y h ad th e r e fo r e t o cr o s s t h e b arri e r o f t h e C au c as u s which is s aid t o b e o nly p as s abl e s av e by e xp e rt Alpi ne cli m b e rs in thr e e pl ac e s o ne at e ach e nd and o ne ne ar t h e c e n tr e O f th e s e t h e m o s t pr actic abl e fo r l arge b o di e s o f m e n lay al o ng t h e fl at s h o r e s o f t h e C as pi an Th e C au c as u s s t o p s s h o rt o f th at s e a and o nly o ne s p u r r ang e r u nning in a no rth e as t e rly dir e ctio n of t he B e tw e e n thi s s p u r and t h e s e a ne arly appr o ach e s it wh e r e t h e p as s age is narr o w e s t s t and s t h e t o w n o f D arb and H e r e acc o rdi ng t o t h e l e ge nd S ik and ar i e Al e x and e r t h e Gr e at b u ilt a m ighty b arri e r t o r e s tr ain t h e in c u r s i o ns o f G o g and M ag o g i e o f t h e Tura ni ans S u ch a w all e xt e ndi ng acr os s t h e P as s o f D arb an d w as is a nian actu ally b u ilt fo r th a t p u rp o s e by t h e gr e at S a S hah N us h irw an t h e c o nt e m p o r ary o f t h e E m p e r o r J u s tini an and th o s e t w o r u l e r s agr e e d t o s h are t h e .
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xp ens e o f pr e v e nting b arb ari s m fr o m p e ne tr ati ng s o u th 1 C c h a a u s Tw o c e nt u ri e s l at e r wh e n t h e K h az ar s s oft e u a T u rki s h r ac e fr o m wh at is no w S o u th e r n R u s s i a c apt u r e d Tiflis and wr o u ght gr e at h avo c t h e Abbas id Kh alifa M ans ur e r e ct e d de fe ns iv e w o rk s and s e cu r e d t h e wh o l e r e gi o n u p t o t h e gr e at m o u nt ai n b arri e r 2 C o m ing d o w n t o l at e r ti m e s and r e g ardi ng t h e m att e r fr o m t h e o th e r s id e w e m ay m e nti o n th at o ne o f P e t e r t h e Gr e at s fir s t act s aft e r his acc e s s i o n t o t h e thr o ne w as t o m ak e s u r e o f D arb and Th e fir s t hi s t o ric al i nv as i o n by a Turani an r ac e is th at o f t h e Kim me rians o f H o m e r and H e r o d o t u s t h e G o m e r o f t h e Bibl e and t h e G imirra o f t h e A s s yri an i ns cripti o ns w h o app e ar t o h ave dw e lt in e arly ti me s o n t h e D ni e s t e r and t h e S e a o f A z o f wh e n c e th e y w e r e driv e n by t h e pr e s s u r e o f ki ndr e d r ac e s wh o m t h e A s s yri ans c all e d M and a Tr av e r s ing t h e P as s o f Dar b and th e y s e ttl e d fo r a ti m e no rth o f t h e Ar as wh e r e u nd o u bt e dly th e y m u s t h av e c o m e i n t o c o nt act with B e i ng s till pr e s s e d u p o n fr o m t h e no rth t h e M e de s th e y m ad e an u ns u cc e s s fu l att e m pt t o i nv ad e A s s yri a in R C 67 7 and th e n t u r ne d w e s tw ard i nt o A s i a Mi no r ? I n t h e w ak e o f t h e Kimm e rian i nv as i o n c am e t h e c au s e o f it —t h e S ac ae o r S cy thi ans w h o s e e m t o h av e fo rc e d t h e li ne o f t h e Ar as t o h av e o v e rr u n t h e t e rri t o ry o f t h e M e d e s and t h e kingd o m o f E llipi and t o h av e e s t abli s h e d as th e ir c apit al t h e fam o u s ci t y o f E kb at ana t h e m o de r n H am ada n in wh at h as alw ay s b e e n kno w n in anci e nt hi s t o ry as M e di a M ag na I t s e e m s t o h av e b e e n thi s d o m i nati o n o f t h e S ac ae at E k b at ana th at h as b e e n r e c o rd e d fo r u s in hi s t o ry as Th e c o nfu s i o n app e ar s t o t h e E m pir e o f t h e M e d e s thi arr ng m nt i ai d t ha In R S M 3 5 G DF 8 7— 89 b g n in t h r ig n f Y dagi d I I and t h y ng r Th d i Th r d r w ill fi nd pict r f D rb and (D rb nt ) and it w ll in e
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h av e ari s e n fro m t h e S i mil arity b e tw ee n t h e A s s yri an w o rd s fo r M e d e s and no m ad s r e s p e ctiv e ly t h e fo r m e r b ei ng M ada and t h e l att e r M and a c ou pl e d with t h e fact th at t h e M ada and M and a b o th fo r me d p art o f t h e c o nfe d e r ati on which u nd e r t h e l e ad e r s hip o f Kas t arit t h e Ky ax are s o f t h e Gr e e k s o v e r t hr e w Nin e v e h 1 Th e e m pir e o f t h e M and a at E k b at an a—t h e s o c all e d M e di an E m pir e —c o n ti nu e d till t h e m iddl e o f t h e s ixth c e nt u ry I t s h ar e d t h e d o m i ni o n o v e r W e s t e r n A s i a with B abyl on and Lydi a and w as no d o u bt t h e c au s e o f t h e e l ab o r at e d e fe ns iv e w o rk s with which N e b u ch ad ne zz ar m i ndfu l o f t h e fat e o f Ni n e v e h s o u ght t o m ak e h is c apit al i m pr e g nabl e : it h e ld t h e o v e rl o rd s hip o f W e s t e rn Iran I n t h e y e ar R C 550 h o w e v e r Cyru s ki ng o f El am r e b e ll e d ag ains t his o ve rl o rd I s t u v e gu o f Ek b at ana t h e A s t y age s o f t h e Gr e e k s and o v e rthr e w 2 h im in t h e fo ll o wing y e ar Cyru s th e n s u bj u g at e d t h e P e r s i ans e nt e r e d B abyl o n in R C 54 4 c o nqu e r e d A s i a Mino r and all t h e t abl e l and o f Ira n u nit e d it s trib e s fo r t h e fir s t ti m e in hi s t o ry u nd and b e c am e kno w n t o He is s aid t o h av e e xt e nd e d h is c o n qu e s t s t o t h e J ax art e s o n t h e b o rd e r s o f which b e e r e ct e d fo rtr e s s e s t o h o ld 3 h t e n o m ad t rib e s in ch e ck and t h e Gr e e k hi s t o ri ans with t h e e xc e pti o n o f Xe no ph o n r e pr e s e nt h im as p e ri s hi ng I n a w ar with t h e S cythi an/s , Th e l e g e nd o f Cyr u s and Tog y ris t h e qum Th M as s age t ae t o ld 4 Cyr u s s e c ond s u cc e s s o r by H e r o d o tu s is w e ll k no w n D ari u s H y s t as pis t h e fal s e S m e rdis b e i ng l e ft o u t o f t h e q u e s ti o n al s o c arri e d t h e w ar i nt o t h e e ne my s c o u ntry and adv anc e d b e yo nd t h e D anu b e in R C 5 1 3 th o u gh no t v e ry s u cc e s s fu lly t o av e ng e as H e r o d o tu s 5 t e ll s u s t h e S cy t hi an i nv as i o ns which pr e c e d e d t h e fall o f t h e A s s yri an E m pir e I n th e c e nt u ry aft e r t h e d e ath o f Al e x and e r t h e ,
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I NT R O D UC TIO N
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Gr e at t he P arthi ans r e i nfo rc e d by ano th e r Tu rani an trib e k no w n as t h e Dah ae r e b e ll e d ag ains t t h e S e l e u cid s (B O 2 and b e c am e t h e d o m i nan t r ac e in Iran till a s ucc e s s fu l r e v o lt ( A l ac e d t h e n ativ e p S a s a ni an dynas ty o n t h e thi o n o D u ri ng th e ir l o ng d o mi nati on t h e P arthi ans in th e ir t u r n s u ffe r e d fr o m t h e i nc u r s i o ns o f kin dr e d r ac e s fr o m t h e N o rth in m u ch t h e s am e w ay as t h e E ngli s h s e ttl e r s in Brit ai n fe r e d fr o m t h e D ane s Th e s e c o n d c e n tu ry b e fo r e s uf t h e Chri s ti an e ra w as m ark e d by gr e at activity o n t h e p art o f t h e Tura ni ans and t h e w h o l e b o r de r o f Ira n fro m t h e Hind u Ku s h t o t h e C as pi an w as o v e rr u n by t h e m Tw o P arthi an m o narch s in s u cc e s s i o n Ph raat e s I I and A rt ab anu s II — w e r e d e fe at e d and s l ain and t h e P ar t hi an E m pir e w as o nly s av e d fr o m II F o il e d by him t h e o v e rthr o w by Mithrid at e s Tura ni ans t u r ne d t o t h e E as t and p e r m ane ntly s e ttl e d in E as t e r n Ira n in t h e r e gi o n which h as e v e r s i nc e b e e n c all e d aft e r o ne o f t h e ir p e o pl e s S ac ae s t an o r S is ta n t h e s t e ad o r h o m e o f t h e S ac ae ( 0 R C A no th e r Turani an p e o pl e k no wn as t h e Ala ns o r Alani 1 fir t a pp a r i t i s s a id in Chi ne s e annal s w e r e o n who e s t h e V o lg a in t h e fir s t c e nt u ry o f t h e Chri s ti an e ra Pr e s s e d u p o n by t h e H u ns w h o h ad d e fe at e d th e m in a gr e at b attl e th e y o v e rr an M e di a and Ar m e ni a s o m e o f t h e mfi nding th e ir w ay i nt o t h e C au c as u s wh e r e th e ir ? d e s c e nd an t s it is s aid s till e xi s t Th e nc e in A D 1 3 3 at t h e i nvit ati o n o f Ph aras m ane s king o f I b e ri a th e y i nv ad e d A z arb ij an and Ar m e ni a r av ag e d t h e c o u ntry and h ad t o b e b o u ght o ff by V o lo ge s e s II t h e P arthi an m o narch o f t h e ti m e Th e H u ns w h o h ad b e e n in s tr u m e nt al in pr e cipit ating t h e Alani o n Ira n w e r e th e m s e lv e s I n flight b e fo r e o t h e r h o r de s A l arg e c o ntinge n t o f th e m s e i ze d and s e ttl e d u p o n t h e o as i s o f S am ark and o r S u h d H r e e i m g pr o v e d by l o ng s e ttl e m e nt b o th in as p e ct and m anne r s 3 ,
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I N T R O D UC T IO N
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th e y b e c am e k no w n Irani ans w h o c arri e d ,
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L as tly in t h e m iddl e o f t h e s ixth c e nt u ry o f t h e Chri s ti an e ra t h e nam e o f t h e T u rk s b e gins t o app e ar in hi s t o ry S pre adi ng fr o m M o u n t Alt ai o r t h e G o ld e n M o u nt ai n in C e ntral A s i a th e y e xt e nd e d th e m s e l v e s o v e r t h e n o rth e r n h alf o f t h e c o n tine nt s u bj u g ati ng am o ng o th e r nat i o ns t h e H ait a lians Th e e m pir e o f 1 t h e T u rk s o nly l as t e d ab o u t t w o c e n t u ri e s but the trib e s and nati o ns o f which it w as c o m p o s e d w e r e s pr e ad o v e r t h e no rth o f A s i a fr o m China t o t h e O x u s and u nd e r t h e n am e o f T u rk m ans and t h e D anu b e h av e pr o v e d a p e r mane nt m e nac e t o t h e no rth e r n fr o nti e r s o f Ira n Th e Abba s id s s o o n l e ar ne d t o av ail th e ms e lv e s o f t h e s e rvic e s o f T u rk m an chi e fs in t h e ad m i ni s tr a ti o n o f th e ir e m pir e I t w as th u s th at t h e S a m anid s firs t r o s e t o p o w e r u nd e r t h e Kh al ifa Ma m u n o nly as w e h av e s e e n t o m ak e th e m s e lv e s i nd e p e nd e n t u nd e r h is d e g e ne r at e s u cc e s s o r s Ab o u t t h e ye ar A D 9 6 1 a di s p u t e d s u cc e s s i o n o cc u rr e d am o n g t h e S a m a nid s Th e rightfu l h e ir in t h e dir e ct li ne w as a b oy o nly e ight y e ar s o ld and fo r th at r e as o n as t h e t i m e s w e r e tr ou bl o u s a p arty am o ng t h e no bl e s d e cl ar e d in fav o u r his fath e r s br o th e r o f his u n cl e Th e m att e r w as r e fe rr e d fo r s e ttl e m e nt t o t h e s a m a nid g o v e r no r o f Kh u ras an—a m an o f T u rk m an d e s c e nt nam e d A lpt igi n —b u t b e fo r e h is d e ci s i o n arriv e d t h e dis p u t e h ad b e e n s u cc e e d e d t o t h e thr o n e s e ttl e d and M an s ur h ad A lpt igin h ad giv e n h is d e ci s i o n in fav o u r o f t h e u n cl e h e with and b e i ng fe arfu l o f M an s ur s v e ng e an c e dr e w fr o m Khu ras a n and c arve d hi m s e lf o u t a s m all pri ncip ality at Gh azni H e di e d in A D 9 69 and a ft e r t wo s h o rt r e i gns t h e tr o o p s e l e ct e d S u b u k t igin t o b e th e ir chi e f H e w as a Tu rk m an h ad b e e n b r o u ght u p ,
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b s equ e ntly act e d as h is g e ne r al and w as a m an o f gr e at ability and c o u r ag e H e s p e e dily e nl arge d h is d o m i ni o ns and b e g an th o s e r aid s i nt o I ndi a which b e c am e s o fr e qu e nt in t h e d ay s o f his m o r e fam o u s s o n I n t h e m e anti me t h e S a m a nid r u l e r M ans ur h ad di e d and his s o n t h e A m ir N u h II w as driv e n fr o m his c apit al at B u khara by a T u rk m an i nv as i o n i ns tig at e d by t w o o f h is o w n no bl e s w h o s u b s e q u e nt ly h o w e v e r w e r e c o m p e ll e d t o fl e e fo r th e ir liv e s Th e y app e al e d fo r aid t o t h e Dilam ids —t h e ri v al s o f t h e S a m a nid s — and o bt ain e d it O n thi s t h e Am ir N u h I I hi m s e lf app e al e d fo r h e lp t o S u b u k t igin w h o m arch e d t o h is as s i s t anc e A gr e at b attl e w as fo u ght at H arat and S u b u k t igin Th e A m ir in h is gr ati g aine d a d e cis ive vict o ry t u d e b e s t o w e d o n h im t h e titl e o f N as iru d Din of the F aith and o n h is e ld e s t s o n o r D e fe n d e r M ah m ud wh o h ad gr e atly di s ti ngu is h e d hi ms e lf th at o r S w o rd o f t h e S t at e as w e ll as o f S aifu d D au l a This h app e ne d in A D t h e g o v e r no r s hip o f Kh u ra s a n i k i d H a s a u b u t n e Thr y r l t r S i d e e e l e ft thr e e e e 9 94 g s o ns M ah m ud I s m a il and N as r and app o i nt e d I s m a il M ah m ud s e e m s t o h av e b e h av e d w e ll t o s u c c e e d h im b u t aft e r v ai n att e m pt s at c o ncili ati o n and c o m pr o m i s e h e w as c o m p e ll e d t o as s e rt hi ms e lf ag ai ns t h is br o th e r w h o w as S p e e dil y o v e rthr o wn and e nd e d his d ay s in Th e o th e r br o th e r int e rnm e nt as a s t at e pri s o ne r S h o rtly aft e rw ard s t h e N as r s u pp o rte d M ah m ud S a m anid dynas ty flick e r e d o u t aft e r t h e d e ath o f t h e A mir N u h I I and in A D 9 9 9 M ah m ud fo r m ally as s u m e d t h e s o v e r e ig nty an e v e nt which is d u ly no t e d o n his c o ins by t h e pr e fix o f A m ir t o h is o wn titl e s and t h e o m i s s i o n o f t h e name o f t h e S a m a nid o v e rl o rd which pr e vi o u s ly h ad b e e n r e t ai ne d by t h e 1 r u l e r s o f Gh az ni M ah m u d w as th e n tw e n ty e ight y e ar s o ld H is c are e r as a gr e at c onqu e r o r and of
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IN TR O D UC TIO N
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IN TR O D UC TIO N
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I N TR O D UC TIO N
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I N TR O D UC TI O N
29
d fr o m l ack o f p atr onage and e nc o u r age me nt Th e ti m e s w e r e tr o u bl o u s and m e n s m i nd s w e r e o th e r At l e ngth b o th t h e ne e dful m at e ri al s o cc u pi e d and t h e p atr o n w e r e v o u ch s afe d h im Th e fo r m e r w e r e o bt aine d fo r him by a fri e nd and fe llo w t o w ns 1 Th e l att e r h e fo u nd s o m e wh at l at e r in t h e m an p e r s on o f Abu M ans ur b in M u h amm ad pr o b ably a l o c al m agnat e w h o w ar m ly e nc o u r age d h im and tr e at e d h im with th e gr e at e s t kind ne s s and g e ne r o s ity This w e m ay v e nt u r e t o as s u m e w as o ne o f t h e h appi e s t e p o ch s in t h e p o e t s life H e w as in t h e fir s t fl u s h o f a gr e at and e nd u ri ng e nth u s i as m ; t h e m e ans o f gr atifying it w e r e in h is p o s s e s s io n ; h e h e ld t h e fi e ld and his m at e ri al fu t u r e s e e m e d as s u r e d : his p atr on w o u ld s e e t o th at no bl e rich and g e n e r o u s Al as ! th at p atr o n di e d—mu rd e r e d like Dak ik i b u t by wh o m and in wh at circ u ms t anc e s w e k no w no t Th e po e t w as o ve rwh e l m e d fo r a ti m e b u t h e p e r s e v e r e d and k e pt in m i nd h is p at r o n s c ou ns e l th at t h e B o o k o f King s ( S hah nam a) w h e n c o m pl e t e d s h o u ld b e d e di 2 c at e d t o ki ng s I n c ou r s e o f ti m e t h e p o e t fo und o th e r p atr o ns no t ably o ne Ah m ad ib n M u h amm ad o f Ch a lands h an t o wh o m in A D 9 9 9 h e d e dic at e d a c o m pl e t e S h ah nam a Fird au s i w as s t ayi ng w ith Ah m ad wh e n h e h ad t h e e s c ap e fr o m dr o wni ng alr e ady r e fe rr e d t o and h e s e e m s t o h av e b e e n r e s c u e d Thi s e it h e r by Ah m ad hi m s e lf o r by Ah m ad s s o n 3 p as s ag e is no t in o u r pri nt e d t e xt s Th e p o e t h o w e ve r h ad ne v e r fo rgo tt e n t h e advic e o f h is fo r m e r p atr o n t h e b e l o ve d Abu M ans ur and in t h i s s am e y e ar Th e l as t ki ng o f t h e S a m a nid his o pp o rt u nity c am e dynas ty di e d and M ah m ud b e c am e s u pr e m e in E as t e r n Iran H e nc e fo rth it w as t o M ah mud th at t he p o e t l o o k e d fo r p atr o nage and h e app e ar s t o h av e l e ft al s o
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30
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IN T RO D UC TIO N
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l e anings fo r h e ch ange d t h e o ffici al l ang u ag e fo r s t at e d o c u me nt s fr o m Ar abic t o Pe r s i an Aft e r h is fall his s u cc e s s o r Ah m ad H as an M aim andf r e t u r ne d t o t h e o ld ’ arr ang e m e nt At t h e ti me wh e n t h e p o e t wr o t e t h e ab o v e p as s ag e Abu l Abba s F az l m u s t h av e b e e n at t h e h e ight o f h is p o w e r s ay ab o u t A D 1 0 0 6 We are t o ld o n t h e au th o rity o f Al U t b i th at h e w as o ne o f t h e m o s t c e l e br at e d o f b o o k s t u d e nt s and Al U t b i 2 w h o w as M ah m ud s s e cr e t ary o u ght t o h av e k no w n I t is v e ry h ard t o r e s i s t t h e i nfe r e nc e th at Abu l Abba s F az l h ad giv e n t h e p o e t e nc o u r age m e nt and t h at t h e l att e r l oo k e d t o h im t o s e c u r e a fitti ng re T h e c e t io n by M ah m ud o f t h e p o e m wh e n fi ni s h e d p p o e t s id e a s e e m s t o h av e b e e n th at t h e S h ah nama w as t o b e r e g ard e d as M ah m ud s m e m o ri al whil e t h e pr o fit s o f h is gr e at w o rk w e r e t o b e d e vo t e d t o s o me s p e ci al o bj e ct which w as t o b e r e g ard e d as h is o w n m e m o ri al O f all t h e thi ngs th at arn o r monar ch prai e Th e thi ng s o f chi e f e t pr fit in h is day s Thi s w ill b e s t r t o k e e p h i me mory r ife A nd li v e as p art and par c l o f his lif e ,
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36
th at h e th ou ght h e s aw h is o pp o rtu nity in t h e acc e s s i o n o f M ah mud and did his b e s t t o av ail hi m s e lf o f it ; th at h e r e c e ive d s o m e e nc o u r ag e me nt if no t fr o m t h e S u ltan hi ms e lf at l e as t fr o m Abu l Abb as F az l t h e chi e f m ini s t e r and achi e v e d his t as k e arly in A D 1 0 1 0 ; th at fo r s o m e y e ar s b e fo r e th at d at e th e r e h ad b e e n o pp o s iti o n t o h im at C o u rt his w o rk vilifi e d and his ch ar act e r m i s r e pr e s e nt e d ; th at th e s e i n trigu e s u lti m at e ly pr e v ail e d and th at h e ne v e r r e c e iv e d t h e r e w ard fo r h is l abo u r s th at a p e rh aps s o m e wh at t o o fe rvid t e m p e r am e nt h ad le d him t o h o p e fo r o r e xp e ct ; th at fo r y e ar s aft e r t h e c o m pl e ti o n o f t h e p o e m h e s till h o p e d o n w as ne arly e ighty wh e n h e fi nally d e s p air e d b u t t o t h e l as t c o nti nu e d t o pr ais e M ah m ud N o w if we s e e k t o l o o k fu rth e r i nt o t he c au s e s o f Firdau s i s di s app o in t m e nt w e h av e at h and a pl au s ibl e and e v e n pr o b abl e expl anati o n b u t o ne for which w e h av e at pr e s e nt at all e v e nt s no dir e ct e vid e nc e J u s t ab o u t t h e ti m e wh e n t h e S h a h nam a w as c o mpl e t e d M ah m ud s chi e f m i ni s t e r Abu l Abba s F az l fe ll i nt o di s gr ac e H e h ad o nc e b e e n in t h e s e rvic e o f t h e S a m a nid s b u t wh e n M ah m ud b e c am e go v e r no r o f Kh u ras an in A D 9 9 4 his fath e r S u b u k t agin appli e d t o t h e S a m anid pri nc e N u h b in M ans ur fo r t h e Abbas o n b e h alf o f his s o n A c s e rvic e s o f Abu l c o rdin l h e b e c ame t h e s t e w ard o f M ah m ud s h o u s e gy h o ld at N is hapur and aft e r M ah m ud s acc e s s i on chi e f m inis t e r H e is s aid t o h av e mad e u s e o f h is p o s iti o n t o e nrich hi m s e lf and h is ad m i ni s tr ati o n is s t at e d t o h av e b e e n s o o ppr e s s iv e th at Kh u ra s a n w as d e vas t at e d and d e p o p u l at e d b u t thi s o f c o u r s e ne e d Th e S u lta n h o w e v e r no t b e t ak e n t o o lit e r ally b e c am e c o nc e r ne d with r e g ard t o t h e di m inu ti o n o f t h e l e vi e s and t h e falling o ff in t h e r e v e nu e and r e mo ns tr at e d with Abu l Abba s w h o thr e at e ne d t o r e s ig n I n A D 1 0 1 1 aft e r l o ng n e g o ti ati o ns t h e S u lta n e nr ag e d at h is c o nd u ct i m p o s e d a fi ne o f ’
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p o n h im and as h e s till d e fe rr e d p aym e nt h ad h im i m pri s one d and pu t t o t h e t o rtu r e H is e ne m i e s av ail e d th e m s e lv e s o f h is di s gr ac e and o f t h e S u lta n s di s pl e as u r e and ab s e nc e o n o ne o f h is nu m e r o u s c am p aigns t o h av e t h e fall e n mi ni s t e r d o ne t o d e ath in A D 1 0 1 Th e s u gge s ti o n th e n is th at t h e p o e t l o s t h is ch anc e o win g t o t h e tr o u bl e s in which t h e m i ni s t e r b e c ame i nv o lv e d j u s t ab o u t t h e ti m e wh e n t h e S h ah nam a w o u ld b e r e ady fo r pr e s e nt ati o n t o M ahm ud ; and wh e n w e pictu r e t o o u r s e lv e s t h e r e m o r s e l e s s i ntrig u e s intrig u e s s ticking at no atr o city o f an O ri e nt al c o u rt and s hri nking fr o m no m e anne s s —w e c an w e ll i m agine th at if t h e u nfo rtu nat e m i ni s t e r r e ally h ad t ak e n an i nt e r e s t in t h e p o e t s w o rk the r e w ou ld no t b e w anti ng th o s e wh o w o u ld o nly b e t o o willi ng o u t o f m e r e s pit e t o s tr ik e at t h e p atr o n thr o u gh t h e p o e t H o w e ve r thi s m ay be t h e l att e r in dignant at t h e tr e at me nt h e h ad u nd e rg o ne o r s marti ng u nd e r t h e s e ns e o f u nme rit e d ne gl e ct s e t ab o u t writi ng a S atir e i o n S u lta n M ah m ud acc o rd ing t o Ni z a m i — o f which A rudi o nly t h e fo ll o wi ng fi v e c o u pl e t s s u rviv e d in h is d ay s Th e y ru n as fo llo w s d inar s
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IN
TR O D U C T I O N
4 5
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B e fo r e r e s u ming o u r s u m m ary o f N iz ami s acc o u nt we s h o u ld m e nti o n th at l at e r o n t h e i nd o m it abl e p o e t wr o t e h is s e c o nd gr e at p o e m Y ii s u f and Zu lik ha Thi s w o rk is s till e xt ant in MS and a pri nt e d e diti o n is u nd e r s t o o d t o b e in pr e p ar ati o n H e t e ll s u s in his I ntr o d u cti o n th at h e wr o t e it at t h e s u gge s ti o n o f a high o ffici al o f t h e Dilam ids with a vi e w o f d e di c ati ng it t o t h e r u li ng Dilam id pri nc e The p o e t n wh e r e a pr o l o ng e d s e e m s t o h av e q u itt e d Tab aris t a s t ay m ight h av e b e e n no t with o u t ri s k b o th t o hi m s e lf and t o his fri e ndly e nt e rt ai ne r and t o h av e j o u r ne y e d fu rth e r t o t h e w e s t wh e r e b e y o nd t h e r e ach o f M ah mud s wr ath ( if M ah m ud r e ally c o nc e rne d h im s e lf ab o u t t h e m att e r at all) h e wr o t e t h e ab o v e 1 m e ntio ne d w o rk Ulti m at e ly h e r e t u rne d t o his nat iv e city o f T ri s and w e m ay c o ncl ud e thi s acc o u nt o f t h e c al am ity o f an au th o r by s u mm ari s i ng t h e r e s t o f wh at Ni z a m i h as t o t e ll u s H e no d o u bt giv e s u s as h e pr o fe s s e s t o do t h e r e c e ive d tr aditi o n o f t h e ti m e S u lta n M ah m ud i nd u c e d by t h e r e pr e s e nt a ti o ns o f h is chi e f m ini s t e r ( H as an M aim andi ? ) u lti m at e ly r e p e nt e d o f h is tr e at me nt o f t he p o e t He a cc o r di ngly g av e dir e cti o ns th at s ixty th o u s an d d inar s w o rth o f i ndigo s h o u ld b e c arri e d t o Fird au s i at Tus with a s u it abl e ap o l o gy Thi s w as d o ne and t h e i ndigo arrive d s afe ly b u t as t h e c ar av an th at b o r e it e nt e r e d by o ne g at e t h e p o e t s c o rp s e w as b e i ng b o rne o u t t o b u ri al by ano th e r o u t s id e which w as a g ard e n b e l o ngi ng t o him and th e r e h e w as i nt e rr e d b e c au s e in t h e o r t h o d o x vi e w o f a l o c al pr e ach e r h e w as a h e r e tic and th e r e fo r e m u s t no t b e s u ffe r e d t o H e l e ft a d au ght e r lie in t h e M u s u l m an C e me t e ry —a high s pirit e d l ady—wh o r e fus e d t o acc e pt t he S u lta n s gift and t h e m o ne y w as th e r e fo r e s p e nt in r e p airi ng t h e h os t e lry o f Chah a o n t h e r o ad b e tw e e n M arv and N is hapur Th e p o e t s e e ms t o h av e di e d ’
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ry t o t h e pre s e nt writ e r t o e nt e r mo r e fu lly i nt o t h e i nt e r e s ti ng s u bj e ct o f t h e po e t s bi o gr aphy Th e r e ad e r will fi nd am pl e r d e t ail s in Pr o fe s s o r N olde k e s i nv al u abl e I r ani s ch e N a i o nal t e pos and in Pr o fe s s o r Br o w ne s m o s t u s e fu l tr ans l ati o n b o th o f which w o rk s are o bt ainabl e in a o f Ni z a mi c o nv e ni e nt fo r m I t is no t w o rth whil e t o r e pr o d u c e h e r e t h e acc ou n t s o f l at e r bi o gr aph e r s —th o s e me n t io ne d at t h e b e gi nni ng o f t h e pr e s e nt ch apt e r—and o f o th e r writ e r s S o m e o f th e ir ane cd o t e s will h o w e ve r b e i ns e rt e d in appr o pri at e pl ac e s in t h e c o u r s e A w o rd o f w ar ni ng s h o u ld b e o f t hi s tr ans l ati o n add e d Th e pr e s e nt writ e r h as c o nfi ne d hi m s e lf, t o t h e fig u r e s giv e n e xc e pt wh e r e o th e rwi s e s t at e d in t h e t w o t e xt s fr o m which as t o t h e p o e t s age & c S h ahnam a h as b e e n m ad e our tr ans l ati o n o f t h e Th e y s e e m t o b e g e ne r ally c o ns i s t e nt b u t o th e r M S S giv e o th e r figu r e s and if th e ir r e ading s are ad opt e d o th e r c o ncl u s i o ns nat u r ally fo ll o w Th e pr e s e nt writ e r as far as h e is c o nc e rne d w ou ld gl adly t e r mi nat e t h e hi s t o ry o f t h e writi ng and re h m n a a at t h e p o i nt wh e r e t h e p o e t c e t io n o f t h e S ha p hi ms e lf l e ft it in c o ncl u ding th at w o rk ; at all e ve nt s p ains h as b e e n t ak e n t o di s ti ng u i s h Firdau s i s o w n ao c o u nt fr om th at giv e n by o th e r s I t only re m ai ns t o Yu s u f and z ulikh a add t h at l at e in life wh e n writi ng h e affe ct e d t o c o nd e mn h is gr e at e s t achi e v e m e nt as O ld age di s app o i nt m e nt and a p ack o f idl e t al e s circ u ms t anc e s m ay w e ll h av e c o ntribu t e d t o o th e r w arp his j u dg me nt b u t w e c anno t d o u bt th at in his h e art o f h e art s h e w as as c o ns ci o u s o f wh at c o n s tit u t e d h is b e s t titl e t o fam e as wh e n he p e nn e d t h e c oncl u di ng w o r ds o f t h e S h ahnam a I h all li v o n t h e s e d o f wor ds h a e I Fl ng b road c as t and he nc e f or th I s h all no t die no t
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I N TR O D U C I ON
4 8
m o tiv e h e we av e s r ou nd it s u bj e ct m att e r at h is di S o s al p
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t o l e r abl e c o ns i s t e ncy H is w e b is cl o s e ly w ove n and t h e w o rk m ans hip s o e xq u i s it e th at c o m p ar ativ e ly fe w i ndic ati o ns are l e ft t o b e tr ay t he natu r e o f t h e raw m at e ri al Fird au s i o n t he o the r h and t ak e s u s i nto h is c on fi de nc e fr o m t h e fir s t I n dir e ct vi o l ati o n o f t h e H o r ati an pr e c e p t h e b e gins fr o m L e d a s e gg and e arli e r and t h e p e ri o d o f h is acti o n e xt e nd s o ve r th o u s and s o f y e ar s H e u s e s all t h e e pic m at e ri al g o o d b ad and i ndiffe r e nt o n which h e c an lay h and s H is w e b 1 3 o p e n w o rk and it s d e s ig n u ns y m m e tri c al H e m ak e s no s e cr e t o f h is m e th o d b u t t e ll s u s wh at h is m at e ri al s are and h o w h e o bt aine d th e m He s h o w s u s in f act h is l o o m in acti o n and c all s o u r att e nti o n t o t h e bright m any c o l o u r e d thr e ad s o f m yth r o m an c e and hi s t o ry which are b e ing w o v e n th e r e i n I t will b e r e adily u nd e r s t oo d th at t h e m e th o d o f t h e E as t e r n p o e t l e ad s t o in c o ns i s t e nci e s and diffic u lti e s chr o no l o gic al and o th e rwi s e fo r which t h e r e ad e r H e will fi nd for in s t anc e in t h e s h o u ld b e pr e p ar e d m ythic al p o rti o ns o f t he p o e m at l e as t t h e chi e f h e r o e s living o n thr o u gh s u cc e s s iv e ag e s ; d e s crib e d as o ld and e t fighti ng with all t h e vig o u r o f e arly y m anh o o d ; dr o ppi ng o u t o f s ight and app ar e n tly fo rg o tt e n o nly t o r e app e ar in th e ir pris ti ne vig o u r l at e r o n Th e e xpl anati on is two fo ld I n t h e firs t pl ac e s e v e r al o f t h e ch ar act e r s o f t h e p o e m w e r e b e i ng s and th o u gh o rigi nally divin e or s e m i divine i ntr o d u c e d t o u s as h u m an h av e in s o m e c as e s no t wh o lly l o s t th e ir s u p e rh u m an attribu t es A nd in t h e s e c o nd pl ac e t h e p o p u l ar m yth o l o gy w as no t and w as I t t o ld l e g e nd s o f t h e n o t d e s ig ne d t o b e c o ns i s t e n t fe r e nt r e igns age s as s igning th e m t o di f s am e h e r o A We s t e r n p oe t w o u ld h av e t ak e n and l o c aliti e s .
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IN
TR O D U C TI ON
4 9
th e m all and fo rc e d as m u ch as s u it e d h im i nt o t h e m ou ld o f a bri e f actio n ; t h e Eas t e rn p o e t t ak e s th e m at fu ll l e ngth and i ns e rt s th e m wh e r e h e fi nd s th e m wh o lly r e g ardl e s s o f t h e fact th at by s o d o i ng h e e x t e nd s life far b e y o n d t h e s p an o f m o rt al s Th e p o e m is divid e d i n t o r e igns O f th e s e th e r e and th e y with o ne dyn as ty w h ich is are fo rty ni ne r e ck o ne d as a s i ngl e r e ig n m ak e u p t h e fifty h e ad s dis u nd e r which t h e s u bj e ct m att e r o f t h e p o e m is p os e d Th e r e ig ns are th o s e o f t he m ythic o r hi s t o ric S hah s o r ki ng s o f P e r s i a w h o are divid e d int o fo u r dynas ti e s : I The Pis hdadian o f t e n S hah s and l as ting 24 4 1 y e ar s I I Th e K aianian o f t e n S hah s and l as t I II Th e A s hk anian which is r e ck o ne d ing 7 3 2 y e ar s I V Th e S a s ani an o f as o ne r e ign l as ti ng 2 0 0 y e ar s tw e nty ni ne S hahs and l as ting 5 0 1 y e ars Th e s p ac e o f ti m e c o v e r e d is t h e r e fo r e 3 8 7 4 y e ar s Th e p o e m m ay al s o b e divid e d i nt o t wo p e ri o d s Thi s di s ti ncti o n is b as e d no t a m ythic and a h is t o ric s o m u ch o n t h e n at u r e o f t h e s u bj e ct m att e r as o n t h e At a c e rt ai n p o int in nam es o f t h e chi e f ch ar act e r s t h e p o e m th e nam e s c e as e t o b e m ythic and b e c o me hi s t o ric Th e Mythic P e ri o d e xt e nd s fr o m t h e b e ginni ng o f t h e narr ativ e d o w n t o t h e r e igns o f t h e l as t Th e s e and t h e t w o S hah s o f t h e K aia nian dyn as ty r e m aind e r o f t h e p o e m fo r m t he Hi s t o ric P e ri o d Th e S hah s in q u e s ti o n are Dara s o n o f Darab b e tt e r kn o wn as D ari u s C o do m anu s and S ik and ar — Al e x an d e r t h e Gr e at Th e chi e f ch ar act e r s o f t h e p o e m are I Th e p e r s o nifi e d p o w e r s o f go o d and e v il Th e r e ligio n o f t h e an ci e n t P e r s i ans fr o m which th e y b e c am e c o nve rt e d t o M u h amm adanis m w as th at kno w n as Fire w o r s hip D u ali s m o r Z o r o as tri ani s m Th e s e m ay b e t ak e n t o r e pr e s e nt r o u ghly thr e e as p e ct s o f it s gr o wth and d e v e l o p me nt I t w as c all e d F ir e w o r s hip fr o m it s chi e f vi s ibl e o bj e ct o f ad or ati o n— a ve ry anci e nt c u lt ; ,
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D
IN
50
TR O D U C TI ON
D u ali s m fr o m it s chi e f t e ne t — t h e b e li e f th at t h e u n iv e r s e it s e xi s ti ng fo r m t o t h e o pp o s i n g owe d cr e ati o ns and c e as e l e s s c o nflict s o f t w o s u p e rnat u r al 1 b e i ng s a g o o d and an e vil U rm u z d and A hri m an ; and Z o r o as tri ani s m fr o m it s l e g e nd ary pr o ph e t w h o m ay b e t ak e n t o typify it s pri e s tly o r c e r e m o ni al e l e m e nt U rm u z d and Ahri m an p e rv ad e t h e wh o l e p oe m and all th at h app e n s for g o o d o r ill is attrib u t e d e ith e r dir e ctly o r i ndir e ctly t o t h e o ne o r t h e o th e r Th e y are as s u m e d t o b e c o ns t ant ly e ng ag e d in s trife with e ach o th e r and e s p e ci ally o n t h e b attl e fi e ld o f t h e w o rld wh e r e t h e s tr uggl e is c arri e d o n chi e fly by m e ans pri ncip aliti e s and p o we rs which th e y o f t h e fo rc e s h av e c all e d i nt o b e i ng o r wh o s e acti o ns th e y ins pir e I f t h e p o e t h ad c o nfi ne d hi m s e lf t o t h e u s e o f t h e nam e s U rm u z d an d A hri m an this ant ag o ni s m w o u ld h av e b e e n m u ch m o r e m ark e d H e w as pr o b ably pl ac e d h o w e v e r in a v e ry di ffi c u lt p o s itio n no t o nly as a M u h amm ad an hi m s e lf b u t al s o as a p o e t e ag e r fo r r e c o gniti o n at t h e h and s o f a fanatic ally M u h amm ad an H e s e ld om Th e r e s u lt is a c o m pr o m i s e S u lta n u s e s t h e w o rd U rm u z d b u t in it s pl ac e s u ch t e r m s M ak e r o f t h e w o rld Wo rld l o rd t h e All m ighty as t h e right e o u s J u dg e o r s i m ply G o d b u t h ardly e v e r t h e M u h am m ad an All ah O n t h e o th e r h and h e e m pl o y s t h e e xpr e s s i o n A hri m an with gr e at fr e q u e ncy o ft e n s u b s tit u ti ng fo r it h o w e v e r t h e w o rd Div which m ay b e r e nd e r e d Fi e nd and o cc as i o nally t h e nam e o f t h e M u h amm ad an e vil pri ncipl e I bl is Pr actic ally his c o nc e pti o n o f t h e go o d pri ncipl e is M u h am m ad an in all b u t t h e n am e whil e h is e vil prin cipl e is n o l o n ge r t h e fo r m id abl e Z o r o as tri an A hri m an b u t appr o xi m at e s ,
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5:
r ath e r t o t h e M u h am m ad an I bl i s o r t o t h e D e vil o f t h e Bibl e Thi s b e i ng pr e mi s e d h o we ve r it is pro p o s e d t o r e t ain t h e e xpr e s s i o ns U rmu z d and Ahri m an in t h e I ntr o d u cti o n as b e i ng o n t h e wh o l e t h e m o s t and o f c o u r s e in t h e p o e m s u it abl e and c o nv e ni e n t it s e lf wh e r e ve r th e y o cc u r The s e I I Th e S hah s and o th e r ki ng s o r h e r o e s s o far as th e y are hi s t o ric al m ay b e l e ft t o s p e ak fo r th e ms e lv e s b u t th o s e th at are mythic al ne e d a w o rd Th e d u ali s tic c o nc e pti o n o f t h e o f e xpl an ati o n u niv e r s e whil e it t e nd e d t o e x alt U rm u z d and A hri m an did s o at t h e e xp e ns e o f t h e o th e r d e iti e s o ft h e anci e nt nat u r e w o r s hip w h o gr ad u ally b e c am e gr o u p e d in in fe rio r c ap aciti e s acc o rdi ng t o t h e p o p u l ar c o nc e pti o n s o f th e m r o u nd o ne o r o th e r o f t h e t w o gr e at pri n cipl e s t h e b e ne fi c e nt r o u nd U rm u z d and t h e m ale fi c e nt ro u nd Ahri m an In t h e c o u r s e o f ti m e m any o f th e m c am e t o b e r e g ard e d as anci e nt e arthly r u l e r s and h e r o e s and as s u ch the y are r e pr e s e nt e d in t h e p o e m m o s t p art as Ira ni an and t h e t h e g o o d fo r t h e All t h e chi e f m ythic al e vil as th o s e o f o th e r r ac e s ch ar act e r s w e r e o nc e th e m s e lv e s go d s or d e m ig o d s o r w e r e cr e dit e d with s u ch anc e s t o rs in tr aditi o n Dir e ct s u p e rnat u r al ag e ncy is h o w e v e r i n fr e qu e nt in t h e S h ah nam O n o ne s id e w e h av e U rmu z d w h o a s o m e ti m e s i n t e rv e ne s by his m e s s e ng e r and ag e n t t h e ange l S u rii s h and o n t h e o th e r Ahri m an w h o act s by m e ans o f his i ns tr u me nt s t h e d iv s o r his adh e r e nt s W e h av e ins t anc e s o f whit e t h e w arl o ck s and witch e s m agic as we ll as o f bl ack Th e fab u l o u s S imu rgh t o o a bird s o m e wh at r e s e m bli ng t h e ro c o f t h e Ar abi an Night s b u t e nd o w e d with wi s d o m and artic u l at e s p e e ch —pl ays an i m p o rt ant p art Dre ams e s p e ci ally th o s e in which t h e d e ad app e ar are r e g ard e d as v e ridic al and t h e e v il e y e is m u ch dr e ad e d Pre s e nti m e nt s are h e ld t o b e au th e ntic and u s e is m ad e o f am u l e t s e lixir s and divi ni ng c u p s Th e m o s t p o t e nt age nt thr ou gh o u t ’
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52
is
TRO D U C TI ON ’
d e s ti ny which is r e pr e s e nt e d as G o d s p u rp o s e with r e s p e c t t o m an as r e v e al e d in t h e h e av e ns by t h e as p e ct s o f t h e s t ar s and pl ane t s Th e r e is no m o r e i m pr e s s iv e pict u r e in t h e p o e m th an th at which t h e p o e t giv e s u s o f t h e r e m o rs e l e s s pr o c e s s o f t h e s k y wh o s e r e v o l u ti o ns gr adu ally gri nd d o w n t h e s tr o ng e s t an d fill t h e v u lg ar with am az e at wh at th e y t e r m t h e t u r ns o f fo rt u ne To t h e s ag e and r e ad e r o f t h e s t ar s h o w e v e r t h e f u t u r e is s pr e ad o u t lik e a b o o k and t h e as tr o l o g e r with h is pl ani s ph e r e s as tr o l ab e s c alc u l a ti o ns o f nati viti e s and pr e dicti o ns g e ne r ally pl ay s a c o ns id e r abl e p art in t h e p o e m D e s ti ny as re pre s e n t e d t o u s by t h e p o e t is m ad e u o f t w o di s ti nct p e l e m e nt s which h e d o e s no t att e m pt t o r e c o ncil e —t h e M u h amm ad an and t h e Z o r o as tri an Th e fo r m e r m ay b e s u mm e d u p fo r t h e r e ad e r in t w o t e xt s fr o m t h e I Bibl e I am t h e L o rd and th e r e is no ne e l s e fo r m t h e light and cr e at e d ar k ne s s ; I m ak e p e ac e an d cr e at e e vil ; I am t h e L o rd th at d o e th all the s e 1 thi ng s ; and S h all w e r e c e ive g o o d at t h e h and o f 2 G o d and s h all w e n o t r e c e iv e e vil ? Th e Z o r o as tri an c o nc e pti o n is e n tir e ly diffe r e nt U rm u z d and A hri m an are as di s tinct as light fr o m d arkne s s and a h ard and fas t li ne is dr aw n b e tw e e n g o o d and e vil wh e th e r phy s ic al o r m o r al Light i mm o rt ality h e alth and all th at is go o d in t h e w o rld s o f m i nd and m att e r pr o c e e d fr o m U rm u z d ; d ark n e s s d e ath dis e as e and all th at is e vil fr o m A hri m an U rm u z d cr e at e d m an and fas hi o ne d t h e tw e lv e h o u s e s th at th e y m ight p o u r d o wn th e ir o f t h e h e av e ns ki ndly i nfl u e n c e u p o n h im ; A hri m an br o k e i nt o t h e cr e ati o n o f U rmu z d and cr e at e d t h e pl ane t s t o ru n c o u nt e r t o t h e s t ar s and cr o s s th e ir p u rp o s e s D e s ti ny th e r e fo r e fr o m thi s p o int o f vi e w b e ing t h e r e s u lt ant o f t w o o pp o s i ng fo rc e s is an e xtr e m e ly l o gic al de du c t i o n w e ll b o r ne o u t by t h e e v e nt s o f hi s t o ry and t h e ,
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TRO D U C TI O N
53
in cid e nt s o f l ife t o an E as t e r n e y e b u t c o rr e s p o nd s r ath e r t o wh at w e s h o u ld c all fo rt u ne th an t o ab s o l u t e fat e Th e Z o r o as tri an vi e w which is th at o f t h e p o e t s au th o riti e s pr e d o m in at e s o v e r t h e M u h am m ad an which Th e pr actic al r e s u lt is th at in is th at o f h is r e ligi o n t h e p o e m t h e s k y is l o o k e d u p o n as t h e arbit e r o f h u m an affair s and o ft e n as acti ng an d c aprici ou s ly with t h e r u thl e s s ne s s o f a c e l e s ti al Y e t t h e p o e t and h is ch ar act e r s ne v e r J u gg e r nau t fail t o app e al t o d e s tiny pr o p e r o n o cc as i o ns wh e n it s u it s th e m s o t o do h e t o j u s tify t h e w ay s o f G o d t o m an and th e y t o m ak e e xc u s e fo r e v il d o ne o r t h e I t w as s o d e cr e e d d o ing o f it pl e ad s t h e e vil ” d o e r ; A nd s o w as t h e p e nalty r e pli e s t h e av e ng e r At o th e r tim e s ag ain t h e po e t s e e m s t o h o ld th at all is h o p e le s s c o nfu s i o n and th at w e c anno t t e ll h e ad fr o m t ail o r t o p fr o m b o t t o m Th e l e adi ng m o tiv e o f t h e S hah nam a s o far as it c an b e s aid t o h av e o ne is A hri m an s e nv y o f m an —t h e cr e ati o n o f U rmu z d Th e fir s t att e m pt o f t h e e vil pri ncipl e t o d e s tr o y m anki nd o n c e fo r all in t h e p e r s o n o f the ir gr e at pr o g e nit o r h avi ng fail e d h is ne x t is t o s e d u c e th e m fr o m th e ir all e gi anc e t o th e ir Cr e at o r and in thi s h e is l arg e ly s u cc e s s fu l ; r ac e b e c o me s o pp o s e d t o r ac e t h e faithfu l fo ll o w e r s o f U rm u z d are p e r s e c u t e d by t h e p e rv e rt s o f A hri m an and r e c u rri ng act s of pr o v o c atio n o r r e v e ng e fo r m a s e ri e s o f s u b s idi ary mo tiv e s which s e rv e t o k e e p aliv e t h e anci e nt fe u d Th e s e are m o s t pr o mi ne nt in t h e e arli e r p o rti o n o f t h e Mythic p e r io d t o w ard s t h e e nd o f which a ne w m o tiv e is i ntr o d u c e d by t h e adv e nt o f t h e gr e at pr o ph e t o f U rm u z d— Z ardu h s h t o r Z o r o as t e r S id e by s id e with thi s o u tw ard vi s ibl e s tr u ggl e th e r e is t h e i nw ard i nvi s ibl e o ne g o i ng o n in t h e m i nd o f t h e i ndivid u al Thi s is m o r e i ns i s t e d o n in t h e Hi s t o ric p e rio d wh e r e t h e m o r al as p e ct s o f t h e s tr u ggl e are di s c ou r s e d o n at l arg e and t h e d e adly s ins are ,
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54
TR O D U C TI ON
p e rs o nifi e d in acc o rd anc e t o Z o ro as tri an th e o l o gy as d iv s o r fi e nd s in t h e s e rvic e o f Ahri man wh o s trive t o t h t e m as t e ry o v e r t h e s o u l o f m an e g Th e hi s t o ric al r e l ati o ns o f t h e Irani ans with o th e r I nd o Eu r o p e an p e o pl e s wi t h t h e S e m it e s and with nians as s k e tch e d bri e fly in t h e pr e vi o u s ch apt e r t h e T tira are i ndic at e d in t h e p o e m by t h e m ythic al l e g e nd s o f Z ah h ak an d o f t h e thr e e s o ns o f F ar idun and th e ir d e s c e nd ant s Z ah h ak r e pr e s e n t s t h e id o l atro u s e l e m e nt in t h e p o e m and th e r e fo r e t h e S e m it e s in p artic u l ar w h o w e r e t h e m o s t id o l atr o u s r ac e with wh o m t h e Irani ans c ame i nt o c ont act Th e A s s yri ans w e r e no t o ri ou s ly id o l atr o u s and s o w e r e t h e Ar ab s u p t o I n t h e p o e m all id o l t h e d ay s o f M u h am m ad w o r s hipp e r s wh e th e r o f S e m i t ic r ac e o r no t are r e g ard e d as d e s c e nd ant s o f Zahh ak Th e e ld e s t s o n o f Faridim —S al m— r e pr e s e n t s t h e w e s t e r n divi s i o n o f t h e I nd o E u r o p e an r ac e t h e s e c o nd s o n T li r t h e Taranian and t h e y o u ng e s t s o n Ir aj t h e W e s t e r n Ary an o r Irani an Th e l e g e ndary acc o u nt s in t h e p o e m o f Z ah h ak s c o nqu e s t o f Ira n o f his o v e rthr o w by Faridim o f t h e p artiti o n o f t h e w o rld by t h e l att e r b e tw e e n his thr e e s o ns o f t h e m u rd e r o f Ir aj by h is t wo e ld e r br o th e r s and o f t h e gr e at fe u d which th u s r e ally s e t fo rth t h e his t o ric al r e l ati o ns o f o rigi nat e d thr e e o f t h e gr e at r ac e s o f m anki n d as s e e n fr o m t h e p o int o f vi e w o f t h e d e s c e nd ant s o f Ir aj thr o u gh t h e h az e o f m yth an d l e g e nd A s t o t h e c o m par ativ e i m p o rt anc e o f th e s e r e l ati o ns t o t he Irani ans nativ e tr aditi o n h as no h e s it ati o n in as s ig nin g t h e firs t pl ac e t o t h e r e pr e s e nt ativ e s o f TM t h e s e c o nd t o th o s e o f Z ah h ak and t h e third t o th o s e o f S al m ; and acc o rd ingly in t h e p o e m t h e s tr u ggl e s o f t h e Ira ni ans with t h e Tin a nians o cc u py m o r e s p ac e th an th os e with all o th e r r ac e s c o m bi ne d Y e t t h e bitt e r e s t fe u d is with I n o th e r c as e s it is a fam ily q u arr e l b u t Z ah h ak H o we v e r Zahh ak is o f ano th e r s t o ck —a m an fo r b id ,
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T R O D U C TI O N
f r m o s t fo r h avi ng fo ll o w e d h is advic e h as h ardly a w o rd t o s ay ag ains t h im and h e o nly giv e s u p t h e l e ad e r s hip o f t h e h o s t with d e ath I t is a w e ll p aid c o m pli m e nt by t h e p o e t t o t h e T u rk m an r ac e I t w as no d o u bt his o w n c o ntrib u ti o n t o w ard a g o o d u nd e r s t andi ng and h appily h e c o u ld n o t f o r e s e e t h e h o rr o r s which t h e e l e v e nth and s u b s e qu e nt c e nt u ri e s h e ld in s t o r e fo r Ira n at t h e h and s o f t h e n ati o ns o f t h e N o rth Fo r t h e pr e s e rv ati o n o f t h e s u bj e ct m att e r o f t h e S h ahnam a w e are chi e fly i n d e bt e d t o t w o o f t h e cl as s e s i nt o which Fird au s i t e ll s u s anci e n t Irani an s o ci e ty w as divid e d — t h e pri e s tly cl as s and t h e agri c u ltu r al cl as s —in o th e r w o rd s t h e M agi and t he Dihk ans Th e M ag i w e r e t h e pri e s t s o f t h e tr u e M e d e s o r M ada am ong wh o m th e y fo r m e d a c as t e o r trib e O rigi nally fi re pri e s t s as th e ir o w n nam e fo r 1 — — th e m s e lv e s A t hrav ans lit e r ally fi re m e n s hows th e y b e c ame cl o s e ly as s o ci at e d with e v e n if th e y did no t o rigin at e t h e D u ali s m and Z o r o as tri anis m o f l at e r ti m e s A ntiqu ity which lib e r ally cr e dit e d th e m with all t h e attrib u t e s o f anci e nt pri e s th o o d k ne w 2 — th e m as t h e M agi t h e gr e at o r m ighty and l at e r i nd e bt e d t o th e m fo r t h e p o t e nt w o rd s are ag e s m agici an I n th e ir hi s t o ric al s e at m agic and in Atr o p at e ne o r in t h e mo d e r n fo r m o f t h e w o rd A z arb ij an ( wh i ch h as b e e n v ari ou s ly e xpl aine d t o m e an t h e l and o f t h e s e e d o f t h e d e s c e nt o f o r th at g u ard s t h e fi re ) and s till m o r e in th e ir l e g e nd ary h o m e in Kar ab agh th e y dw e lt in t he ne ighb o u rh o o d o f s c e ne s E arthq u ak e s are fr e qu e nt th e r e o f nat u r al m arv e l v o lc ano e s h o t s pri ngs and naphth a w e ll s ab ou nd m u d— Fl am e s i s s u ing fr o m cl e ft s in t h e r o ck s h av e b e e n abl az e fr o m ti m e i m m e m o ri al an d in au t u m n t h e e x h al ati o ns fro m t h e s o il fo r m a ph o s ph o r e s c e nc e th at at night w r ap s wh o l e di s trict s in s h e e t s o f h ar m l e s s fl am e E v e n in p art s o f t h e C as pi an t h e v ap o u r s b u bbl e u p and
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will go o n b u rni ng o v e r s e v e r al S q uar e y ard s o f w at e r till a g u s t o f win d e xti ng u i s h e s th e m The s c e ne fr o m all acc o u nt s is at ti m e s s u ffi c ie nt l i m pr e s s iv e e v e n t o t h e m o d e r n e e a n d w e y y c an e as ily i m agi ne wh at fi re in it s p u r e s t fo r m and high e s t e xpr e s s io n— cl e ar s mo k e l e s s l am b e n t fl am e s b u rni ng o n u nfe d app ar e ntly and s e lf s u s t ai ni ng c e nt u ry aft e r c e nt u ry— mu s t h av e b e e n t o t h e u n r ati o nali s tic g az e o f pri m itiv e antiqu ity In the pr e s e n c e o f th o s e fl am e s all o th e r fir e s m u s t h av e br o k e n light s E l s e wh e r e th e y w e r e seeme d b ut h ard t o kindl e ne e d e d c o ns t ant c ar e and w e r e di m m e d by s m o k e and v ap o u rs b u t h e r e th e y b u r ne d as in t h e B u r ni ng B u s h I t w as no w o nd e r th at t h e pl ac e c am e t o b e lo o k e d u p o n as H o ly Gr o u nd and th at a C u lt o f Fir e gr e w u p th e r e in t h e dim and di s t ant p as t We c an w e ll i m agine t o o h o w fam ou s t h e pri e s th o o d o f s u c h a C u lt w o u ld b e c o m e am id s u ch s u rr o u ndi ng s Th e pri es t o f anci e n t ti m e s w as t h e m an o f l e tt e r s t h e s ag e t h e l e e ch t h e as tr o l o g e r and t h e man o f o cc u lt l o r e and gramm ary e and thi s pri e s th o o d dw e lt in a r e gi o n w hich is no t e v e n no w r o bb e d o f all it s anci e nt gl am ou r by t h e fact th at it is t h e sc e ne o f t h e gr e at e s t p e tr o l e u m i nd u s try in t h e w o rld H e r e Pr o m e th e u s s t o l e t h e fi re fr o m h e av e n and p aid t h e p e n alty in s o m e C au c as i an g o rg e Al o ng it fr o m no rth t o s ou th lay a gr e at highw ay o f t h e nati o ns acr o s s it fr o m e as t t o w e s t ran o ne o f t h e r e at tr ad e r o u t e s a n d g t h e rich e s o f I ndi a w e r e b o rne fr o m Kab u l t o B alkh 1 fr o m B alkh d o w n t h e O x u s t o t h e C as pi an and th e nc e thr o u gh t h e l and o f M e d e a and o f t h e Go ld e n Fl e e c e t o t h e E u xi ne and t h e w e s t I t is o f c o u r s e i m p o s s ibl e t o affir m th at s o wid e s pr e ad a c u lt as Fir e w o r s hip h ad it s o rigin in o ne p artic u l ar l o c ality b u t w e s h all fl w d i nt t h C pi n in t d f i nt Th O x in an ci nt ti m nt t h A ral S a a at p ,
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t ti ng th at h e r e w as a mo s t i m p o rt ant c e ntr e o f it and in cl ai m ing fo r it s pri e s t s a pro l ort io nat e a u s a a W s t t ctity h v lr dy n d s n e a e a e a p s e e n th at Ira n is a l and o f s h arp c o n tr as t s o f phy s ic al g o o d and e vil Th e r e t h e kindly r e tic e nc e s and c o n c e alme nt s o f nat u r e t h e bl u e h az e o f dis t an c e and t h e m e lting o f l ine i nt o li ne are ab s e nt th e r e is no ne u tr al t e rrit o ry no c o mm o n m e e ti ng gr o u nd ; all is cl e ar s h arp w e ll d e fi ne d and r e c o gni s abl e b e yo nd t h e p o s s ibility o f m is t ak e and at a gl anc e as g o o d o r e vil I n t h e r e gi o ns s ou th o f t h e C au c as u s th e s e c ontras t s are a cc e n t u at e d it w o u ld s e e m gr e w u p and th e r e D u ali s m s u gg e s t e d and j u s tifi e d by it s s u rr o u ndings Th e d o ctrines o f t h e M agi which it is b e yo nd o u r s c o p e t o e nt e r i nt o e xc e pt i n cid e n t ally and by w ay o f ill u s tr ati o n app e ar in e arly ti m e s t o h av e b e e n r e s trict e d if no t t o t h e M agi th e ms e lve s at all e v e nt s t o t h e M e d es wh o s e pri e s t s th e y w e r e I t w as no t u ntil ne arly t h e e nd o f t h e s ixth c e nt u ry b e fo r e t h e Chri s ti an e ra and aft e r t h e s u icid e o f C am by s es t h e s o n o f Cyr u s t h e Gr e at th at t h e M agi fir s t b e c am e s u pr e m e in t h e v as t e m pir e which t h e l att e r h ad fo u nd e d fo r no w w e h av e e vid e nc e th at ne ith e r h e nor h is s o n w as t h e e nth u s i as tic pr o s e lyti s e r o f Z o r o as t rianis m th at th e y w e r e b o th fo r m e rly s u pp o s e d t o b e b u t at m o s t t o l e r ate d it al o ng with t h e o th e r 2 faith s o f th e ir w o rld wid e e m pir e Aft e r t h e d e ath o f C am by s e s h o w e v e r t h e M agi r o s e t o p o we r in t h e p e r s o n o f t h e M agu s G au m at a—t h e fal s e S m e rdis o f t h e Gr e e k s —w h o s e i z e d t h e v ac ant thr o ne and b e g an as w e l e ar n fr o m t h e i ns cripti o ns o f D ari u s H y s t as pis his s l ay e r and s u cc e s s o r t o o v e rthr o w t h e t e m pl e s o f be
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A s D ari u s fu rth e r ic o no cl as t z e al i nfo r m s u s th at h e r e s t o r e d th e s e t e m pl e s and al s o at t h e s am e ti m e d e s crib e s hi m s e lf as a w o r s hipp e r 2 o f U rm u z d w e m ay as s u m e th at it w as in t h e c o ur s e r e ig n th at Z o r o as tri ani s m b e c am e t h e s t at e o f h is r e ligio n o f t h e P e r s i an e m pir e H e al s o app e ar s ab o u t RC 5 0 5 t o h av e ad o pt e d t h e Z o r o as tri an c al e n d ar i n t h e pl ac e o f t h e o ld P e r s i an o ne th at h e h ad u s e d u p till th e n and thi s fact go e s t o s u pp o rt t h e as s u m pti o n 3 m ad e ab o v e The M agO ph o nia o r s l au ght e r o f t h e 4 M agi m e ntio ne d by H e r o d o t u s which h as s o m e ti m e s b e e n add u c e d as a pr o o f th at th e y c o u ld no t h av e b e e n s u pr e m e in P e rs ia s o e arly as t h e ti me s o f D ari u s 5 H y s t as pis is no t r e ally o pp o s e d t o thi s vi e w I t is pr e tty e vid e nt that t h e M ago ph o nia w as no t aim e d ag ai n s t t h e M agi in g e ne r al b u t w as m e r e ly an annu al c e l e br ati o n o f t h e o v e r t hr o w o f o ne p artic u l ar M ag u s t h e i m p o s t o r and u s u rp e r G au m at a— and his p e r s o nal 6 fo ll o w e r s Wh e th e r t h e M agi in s pit e o f t h e high p o s iti o n the y h ad g aine d e v e r s u cc e e d e d in m aki ng th e ir d o ctri ne s p o pu l ar with t h e m as s e s o f t h e fir s t P e r s i an w e m pir e m a e ll b e d o u bt e d O n e at l e as t o f t h e y — 1 s u c c e s s o r s o f D ari u s — Art ax e rx e s I I 0 6 4 4 ) 3 s e e m s t o h av e r e l ap s e d i nt o s o m e thi ng v e ry lik e id o l 7 atry and with t h e c o nq u e s t o f P e r s i a by Al e x and e r t h e G re at t h e p o w e r o f t h e M agi w ane d fo r a ti m e R ightly o r wr o ngly Z o r o as tri an tr aditi o n c o u pl e s Al e x ande r with Z ahh ak and Afras iyab as o n e o f t h e 8 thr ee arch e ne m i e s o f t h e faith With t h e i ntro Id xli R P ii 8 9 — WPT 92 R S M 63 6 n t H r d iii 79 the
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d u cti o n o f Gre e k id e as Gr e e k s ci e nc e and Gr e e k p o lyth e i s m th e r e c an b e no d o u bt th at t h e b u lk o f t h e p o p u l ati o n r e l ap s e d i nt o id o l atry if i nd e e d it h ad e v e r e m e rg e d D u ri ng t h e ne xt fi v e c e nt u ri e s t h e M agi m u s t h av e h ad m u ch ado t o k e e p aliv e t h e d o ctrine s rit u al and s acr e d tr aditi o ns o f th e ir faith Th e s e d u cti o ns o f Gr e e k civili s ati o n w e r e fo ll o w e d by t h e br u t aliti e s o f P arthi an b arb ari s m and an m o difi y c atio n o f th e s e w as d u ri ng t h e fir s t c e nt u ri e s at all e v e n t s o f P arthi an r u l e in t h e dir e cti o n o f Gr e e k c u lt u r e Th e P arthi an m onarch s d e s crib e th e m s e lve s as philh e ll e nic o n th e ir c o i ns Th e M agi h o w e v e r w e r e w e ll e q u ipp e d for t h e s tr u ggl e Th e y h ad a gr e at r e p u t ati o n Th e y h e ld a fai t h in m any r e s p e ct s m u ch in adv anc e o f th e ir ti m e s and o ne t o o th at fo u nd it s j u s tific ati o n in t h e s tr ang e nat u r al ph e no m e na and s h arp c o n tr as t s o f phy s ic al g o o d an d e vil th at ch ar act e ri s e Ira n Th e y h ad k e pt aliv e t o o at a ti me wh e n anci e n t P e r s i an w as p as s ing i nt o r apid ph o ne tic d e c ay t h e anci e n t l ang u ag e o f th e ir r ac e t h e M e di an— with it s i nfl e cti o ns and arch ai s m s as will app e ar l at e r o n L as tly th e y w e r e a pri e s th o o d pr acti s i ng t h e p e c u li ar c u s t o m o f Kh v ait iik das o r n e xt o f k in m arri ag e which t h o u h ant g t o t h e s e nti m e nt s o f m anki nd at l arg e m u s t c e rt ai nly h av e t e nde d t o pr e s e rv e th e ir fai t h fr o m t h e d ang e r ou s e xt e r nal and fo r e ig n i nfl u e nc e s which an indis c rim i n at e pr actic e o f m arri ag e w o u ld h av e e nt ail e d Th at t he M agi pr acti s e d Kh v ait ii k das in t h e d ay s o f t h e 1 P arthi an m o narchy w e m ay l e arn fr o m C at u ll u s Th e thr e e prin cip al s e at s o f t h e M agi s e e m t o h av e b e e n at S h iz Rai and B alkh S hiz t h e P e r s i an G az n ,
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l o o k e d fo r at T akht i S u l ai m an ne ar t h e I t c o nt aine d t h e s o u th e r n fr o nti e r o f A z arb ij an fam o u s fi re t e m pl e o f A z arakh s h which app e ar s t o b e Z ardu h s h t o r t h e fi re o f a c o ntr acti o n o f Az ar i — Z ardu h s h t w h o is E app bééata e i ns tit u t e d it To thi s t e m pl e it w as t h e c u s t o m o f t h e S hah s o f P e r s i a in pre M u h amm ad an t im e s t o m ak e pi lgri m ag e s 1 afo o t R ai which w as n e ar Tihran s e e m s t o h av e b e e n t h e c e ntre o f a pri e s tly pri ncip ality o f gr e at an tiq u ity wh o s e pri e s t pri nc e w as kno w n as t h e Z ardu h s h t I t w as fi nally d e s tr o y e d by t h e M u h am 2 m adans B alkh w as t h e s c e ne o f Z ardu hs h t o r Z o r o as t e r s m o s t s u cc e s s fu l m i s s i o nary e ffo rt which le d t o t h e c onv e r s i o n o f S hah G u s h t asp H e re t o o e e n s l am wh e n t h e city t h e pr o ph e t is s aid t o hav e B w as t ak e n by t h e Taranian ki ng Ar a s I nt e r nal — e v1 de n c e s e e m s t o s ho w th at Fu dau s i u s e d tr adif fdhs e m anating fr o m e ach o f t h e ab o v e c e n tr e s m the is
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fe ll i nt o Al e x and e r s h and s and w as tr ans l l at e d by h is c o mmand int o G re e k King Valk as h o rd e r e d a c o ll e cti o n t o b e m ad e o f t h e s cript u r e s which in h is d ays e xi s t e d in Iran in a s c att e r e d s t at e o wi ng t o t h e di s r u pti o n c au s e d by t h e M ac e d o ni an 2 A rds h ir t h e s o n o f Pap ak w h o o v e rthr e w c o nq u e s t t h e P arthi ans and r e s t o r e d t h e Ira ni an m o narchy al s o m ad e a c o ll e cti o n o f t h e s cript u r e s H e e m pl o y e d fo r th at p u rp o s e t h e high pri e s t T au s ar w h o r e pr o du c e d a s i m ilit u d e o f t h e o riginal as it h ad e xi s t e d 3 in t h e tr e as u ry o f S h apigan S h apii r t h e s o n o f A rds h ir m ad e a c o ll e cti o n o f writi ng s o f a no n re ligio u s ch ar act e r d e al ing with m e dici ne as tr o no my and o th e r s ci e ntific s u bj e ct s th at h ad b e e n s c atte r e d am o ng t h e Hi nd u s and R am ans and o rd e r e d th e m t o b e in c o rp o r at e d with wh at h ad alr e ady b e e n br o u ght 4 t o ge th e r which w as d one S h apar t h e s on o f H u rm u z d i ns titu t e d a trib u nal fo r t h e d e t e r minati o n o f all p o i nt s o f di s p u t e d d o ctrine Th e s e p o int s w e r e s e ttl e d by o rd e al and th e nc e fo rth t h e S hah 5 pr o cl ai m e d and ins i s t e d o n u nifo r m ity With re g ard t o thi s acc o u n t l e g e nd pl ac e s t h e birth 6 pl ac e and h o m e o f Z o r o as t e r in Ira n v ej H e re o n t he M o u nt ai n o f t h e H o ly Q u e s ti o ns h e m e t U rm u z d fac e t o fac e and r e c e ive d fr o m h im in a s e ri e s o f dia l o g ne s t h e t e ne t s o f t h e faith H e r e t o o t h e pr o ph e t w as as s ail e d by t h e d e m o n B aiti s e n t by A hri m an and B o th s u b s e q u e ntly t e m pt e d by t h e l att e r in p e r s o n w e r e h o w e v e r w o r s t e d and Z o r o as t e r b e g an h is mi s s i o n 7 ary c ar e e r H is gr e at s u cc e s s s e e m s t o h av e b e e n at B alkh o ne o f t h e chi e f c e ntr e s o f Ary an civili s ati o n Thi s w e m ay i nt e rpr e t as m e aning th at Z o r o as tri ani s m s pr e ad fr o m W e s t t o E as t al o n g t h e li ne o f t h e gr e at tr ad e r ou t e Th e e xt ant p o rti o ns o f t h e Z o r o as tri an ‘
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i nc o rr e ctly kno wn as Z e nd I t s e e m s al mo s t c e rtai n 1 th at r e ally it s h o u ld b e k no w n as M e di an Z e nd ti e M e di an as pr e s e rv e d in it s s criptu r e s and anci e n t P e r s i an as pr e s e rv e d in t h e i ns cripti o ns o f t h e Ach ae me nid s are t w o s i s te r l angu ag e s c o ll at e r ally re " m t 6 S ahs crit H o w and wh e n Z e nd b e c ame e x ti nct wh e th e r it s till s u rvive s in a m o difi e d fo r m in s o m e m o d e rn di al e ct s u ch as t h e K ard d o e s no t s e e m t o h av e b e e n y e t d e t e r mi ne d ; b u t t h e e xi s t en c e o f t h e Z andav as t a indic at e s th at it r e m ai ne d k no w n t o and u s e d by t h e M agi in it s infl e c t io nal fo r m l o ng aft e r it s s i s t e r l angu ag e t h e P e r s i an h ad l o s t m o s t o f it s i nfl e cti o ns and h ad b e c o m e gre atly s i mplifi e d Z e nd m ay th u s b e r e g ard e d as b e i ng d u ri ng t h e fi v e c e n t u rie s and a h alf which e l ap s e d b e tw e e n t h e d e ath and t h e acc e s s i o n o f A rds h ir o f D ari u s C o do m anu s Pap akan t h e s acr e d l ang u age o f t h e M agi— o ne k no w n o nly t o th e m s e lv e s and h o ldi ng with th e m v e ry m u ch t h e s am e p os itio n as S ans crit did am o ng t h e Br ah m ans D u ring this p e ri o d anci e nt P e r s i an w as o f I ndi a 2 it s e lf b e i ng c o nv e rt e d i nt o m iddl e P e r s i an o r P ahl av i P ahl av i it s h o u ld b e e x pl ai ne d is t he s am e w o rd as P arthi an and in thi s c o nne ctio n m e ans no t t h e lan g u ag e s p o k e n by t h e P arthi ans th e m s e l v e s b u t th at th e ir r u l e by th e ir P e r s i an o r Irani an u sed u nd e r .
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T R O D U C TI O N
p e o pl e at l arg e in S a s a ni an ti me s in which t h e ins cripti o ns o f D ari u s H y s t as pis and h is s u cc e s s o r s h ad b e e n writt e n and th at c o mpil e d by o f t h e Z o r o as tri an s cript u r e s T au s ar and o th e r s w e r e alik e u ni nt e lligibl e I t ac c o rdin l b c am e t h e c m ki n g c o pi e s t u s t o m in e a o gy app e nd a P ahl av i v e r s i o n p ar aphr as e o r c o m m e n t o n t h e o riginal t e xt Th e s cript ur e s th e m s e l v e s w e r e kno w n as t h e A v as t a and all c o mm e n t s th e r e o n wh e th e r in t h e o rigi nal l ang u age o r in P ahl av i w e r e k no wn as t h e Z e nd o r Z and Th e chi e f Z an d w as o f c ou r s e t h e P ahl av i v e r s i o n o f t h e A v as t a and t h e t w o c o m bi ne d b e c am e k no wn as t h e A v as t a and Z and 2 or m o r e c o m m only as t he Z andav as t a Lik e t h e Bibl e it pr e s e r v e d in a lit e r ary fo r m all th at s u rviv e d in t h e tr aditi o ns o f a r ac e and th e s e w e r e gr ou p e d r ou nd and t o ld in c o nne cti o n with a line o r line s o f d e m ig o d s o r h e r o e s wh o s e name s s h o w th at th e y w e r e o rigi nally th o s e o f t h e b e ne fi ce nt and m ale fi c e nt i mp e r s o nati o ns o f t h e anci e nt natu r e w o r s hip o f t h e Ary an p e o pl e b e fo r e it br o k e u p i nt o it s I ndi an and Irani an divi s i o ns Th e nam e s r e fe rr e d t o are c o m m o n in a s o m e wh at alt e r e d fo r m b o th t o t h e Z andav as t a and t o t h e anci e nt S ans crit hy m ns o f I n di a— t h e 3 V e d as We m ay r e g ard t h e tr aditi o ns o f t h e Zan dav as t a as e s s e n ti ally M agi an ; th e y w e r e d e s ti ne d h o w e v e r t o u nd e rg o a r e m ark abl e d e v e l o p me nt and e xp ans i o n in o th e r h and s Th e tri u m ph o f Z o r o as tri ani s m t h e tr ans l ati o n o f t he Z andav as t a i nt o P ahl av i vie i nt o t h e v e rn ac u l ar and t h e c o ns e q u e n t diffu s i o n o f t h e tr aditi o ns o f t h e M agi thr o u gh o u t Iran o cc u rr e d at an e p o ch wh e n fi v e — and a h alf c e nt u ri e s o f ali e n r u l e ( B C I A D 2 2 6) 33 To bj e ct s t h e l ang u ag e
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i xii P r i n f ll ti m wn l g g P r i DE I i 3 8 DZA i xxxi n t S f i n t nc DH A ch pt r 1
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IN TR OD U CTI ON
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blit e rat e d all b u t t h e v ag u e s t r e m ini s ce n c e s o f t h e fir s t P e r s i an e m pir e and t h e h o u s e o f Ach ae m e ne s Th e c o ns e qu e n c e w as th at t h e m y t hi t h e Z andav as t a c am e t o b e re ard e d in S a s ani an ti me s m h hi t o ric S hah s o f t h e ra i an r Th as e e s e and g t e s a ; " what was recorded b f t he m i fi fhe Zandav as t a fo rm e d a c o nv e ni e nt e pic fr am e w o rk wh e r e o n t o h ang l e g e nd s o f A s s yri an o ppr e s s i o n Ar ab r ai ds Tura ni an i nv as i o ns w ar s with t h e W e s t t h e d e e d s o f nati o nal o r l o c al h e r o e s and all t h e mi s c e ll ane o u s pr o d u cts o f p o p u l ar tr aditi on and i m aginati on Th e d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e l e g e nd s o f t h e Zandav as t a acc o rdingly w e nt o n ap ac e and t h e chi e f ag e n t s in t h e pr o c e s s w e r e t h e Dih k a ns Thi s w as t h e nam e giv e n t o t he r u r al l and o wne r s o f Iran Fird au s i hi ms e lf s e e m s t o h av e b e e n t h e s o n o f a Dihk a n All t h e w o rld o v e r t h e r u r al po pu la ti o ns are t h e d e p o s it o ri e s o f nati onal tr aditi o n A no t abl e i ns t anc e o cc u rr e d o nly s o l o ng ago as t h e l as t c e nt u ry wh e n Dr Eli as L onnr o t aft e r y e ar s o f w and e r ing am o ng t h e r e m o t e s t di s trict s o f Fi nl an d dw e lling with t h e p e as antry and t aking d o w n fr o m th e ir lip s u lti m at e ly all th at th e y k ne w o f th e ir p o p u l ar s o ngs s u cc e e d e d in c o ll e cti ng ne arly tw e nty thr e e th o u s and v e r s e s which arr ang e d by h im and divid e d i nt o fifty r u ne s no w fo r m t h e nati o nal Firmis h e pic k now n as 1 M u ch t h e s am e pr o c e s s w e nt o n in t h e K al e w al a Tr aditi ons b as e d o n t h e Z and a Iran at an e arli e r d at e v as t a w e r e r e cit e d in t h e h all s o f t h e chi e fs at vill ag e fe s tival s and at s tr e e t c o r ne r s —a c u s t o m s till o bt ai ning in P e r s i a— till in ti m e t h e w o rd Di b ka n c ame t o h av e — n e o n a m a n n r e c o g i s e d s c d ry e i g th at o f pro a w e ll fe s s ion al s t o ry t e ll e r r u s tic b ard o r w and e ri ng m ins tr e l I n t h e c ou r s e o f t h e s a s a ni an dy nas ty th e s e tr aditi o ns w e r e c o ll e ct e d and pu t i nt o writi ng Th e r e s u lt w as v ari ou s ly k no w n as t h e Ba s tan Kh u d ai and S hah Na m a with t h e r e s p e ctive m e aning s o f His t o ry o f h ad
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King s In Bais ingh ar Khan s Pr e fac e alr e ady r e fe rr e d t o th e r e is an acc o u nt o f t h e Ba s ta n na m a which m ay th u s S hah N as h irw an c o ll e c t e d t h e tr adi b e s u m m aris e d ti o ns and d e po s it e d t h e M S S in h is libr ary Yaz dagird t h e l as t o f t h e s a s a ni ans e m pl o y e d t h e Di b ka n Danis h war t o c at al o g u e and s u ppl e m e nt th e s e hi s t o ri e s and arr ang e th e m in chr o no l o gic al o rd e r fr o m t h e r e ig n o f G aii i m art t o th at o f Khu s r au P arw iz At t h e ti me o f t h e M u h am m ad an c o nqu e s t o f P e r s i a th e y w e r e s e n t t o Um ar t h e c o m m and e r o f t h e faith fu l w h o h ad th e m tr ans l at e d and o nly p arti ally appr o v e d o f th e ir c o n t e n t s I n t h e g e ne r al divi s i o n o f t h e P e r s i an s p o il t h e b o o k s fe ll i nt o t h e h and s o f t h e Aby s s i ni ans w h o pr e s e nt e d th e m t o Ki ng J as h a w h o h ad th e m tr ans l at e d and highly c o m m e nd e d th e m Th e y b e c am e w e ll k no w n in h is d o m i ni o ns and in Hind wh e nc e th e y w e r e br o u ght by Y a k iib L ai s w h o c o mm and e d Ab li M ans ar s o n o f Abd u r R azz ak t o tr ans crib e i nt o P e r s i an wh at Danis hw ar t h e Di b kan h ad t o ld in P ahl avi and c o m pl e t e t h e his t o ry fro m t h e ti m e o f Kh u s r au P arw iz t o t h e e nd o f t he r e ig n o f Yaz dagird A b ii M ans ar i ns tr u ct e d an o ffic e r o f his fath e r s S u ii d s o n o f M ans ar Al m a m ari in c o nj u nctio n with fo u r o th e r s —Taj s on o f Khu ra s ani o f H arat Y az dandad s o n o f S h apar o f S i s ta n Mahw i s o n o f Kh u r s h id o f N is hapiir and 1 S hadan s o n o f B ar z in u nd e rt ak e the o f T ri s — t o t as k Wh e n t h e h o u s e o f t h e s a m anid s c am e i nt o p o w e r th e y t o o k t h e gr e at e s t i nt e r e s t in t h e w o rk th u s tr ans l at e d and e ntr u s t e d it t o t h e p o e t Dak ik i t o pu t i nt o v e r s e Wh e n h e h ad writt e n o ne o r t w o th o u s and c o u pl e ts h e w as m u rd e r e d by his s l av e and thu s t h e m att e r r e mai ne d till t h e d ays o f M ah m ii d w h o e nc o u r ag e d Fird au s i t o c o m pl e t e t h e w o rk C h S lai man n f N fi in —a mi tak o mi print C f t he
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I N TR O D U C TI O N
68
Kha n s p re fac e d at e s fr o m t h e fir s t qu art e r o f t h e fift e e nth c e nt u ry and c o nt ai ns m u ch th at is o bvi o u s ly r o m antic it is ne e dfu l t o r e c e iv e t h e ab o v e acc o u nt with all c au ti o n E v e n wh e n w e h av e r ej e ct e d t h e s t o ry o f Ki ng J as h a and t h e Abys s i ni an s w e are s till c o n fr o nt e d by a chr o no l o gic al impo s s i b ilit y Y a k iib t h e s o n o f L ai s t h e c o pp e r s m ith di e d in A D 8 7 8 A b ii M ans ar w h o h ad t h e w o rk o f nis h w ar tr ans l at e d w as a br o th e r o f t h e Dihk a n Da M u h am m ad s o n o f Abd u r R azz ak and thi s M u h am m ad w as princ e o f Tas in t h e m iddl e o f t h e t e n th 1 c e nt u ry in t h e d ay s wh e n Fird au s i w as gr o wing and Abu u a an s ar Y k b M w r th r f r a e e e o n t e e o p c o nt e m p o r ari e s Y a k i i b h ad w o rk e d in h is fath e r s s ho p as h e th e n b e c am e a r o bb e r chi e f a y o u th and fi nally fou ght his w ay t o wh at w as pr actic ally t h e l o rd s hip o f Ira n A s a nativ e o f S is tan t h e h o m e o f a r ac e wh o s e w arlik e pr o cliviti e s w e r e s y m b o li s e d in t h e l e g e nd ary e xpl o it s and ch ar act e r o f t h e n ati o nal h e r o o f Ira n R u s t am o r as t h e f o u n d e r o f a n e w dy nas ty for p o litic al r e as o n s h e m ay h av e t ak e n an i nt e r e s t in t h e o ld tr aditi o ns ; b u t h e c o u ld no t h av e c o m m i s s i o ne d A b a M ans ar t o do t h e w o rk fo r h im and it will b e s afe r t o di s m i s s t h e n o ti o n th at h e int e r e s t e d hi m s e lf in t h e c o m pil ati o n o f t h e Di b kan Danis h w ar as highly pr o bl e m atic al O n t h e n s pre t h e s t at e m e nt in Bais ingh ar Kh a o th e r h an d fac e th at Abu M ans ar did h ave a S h ahnam a c o m pil e d is c o nfir m e d by t h e l e ar ne d A b ii B aiha n M u h amm ad b in Ah m ad A lb irii ni ( A D 9 7 3 —1 0 4 8 ) in his Chr o no l o gy 2 Ag ain w e m ay b e s o m e wh at o f An ci e nt N ati o ns nis hw ar s c e ptic al as t o wh e th e r a Di b kan n am e d Da b u t w e m ay c o nc e d e th at t h e anci e n t e v e r e xi s t e d tr aditi o ns w e r e c o ll e ct e d and e dit e d by s o m e l e arne d and i nd e e d by m any s u ch i hk a n d n i s h w r D a a ) ( A
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M ans ar are all P e r s i an in all pr o b ability M agi fo r no ne b u t th e y w o u ld b e lik e ly t o kno w P ahl av i in t h e t e nth c e nt u ry O ne o f t h e fi v e S hada n s o n o f B ar z in is m e nti o ne d by Fir dau s i as h is au th o rity fo r t h e s t o ry o f t h e i ntr o d u cti o n i nt o P e rs i a o f Bidp ai s F abl e s in t h e r e ign o f N as h ir l wan Dak ik i t h e p o e t w h o w as fir s t e ntr u s t e d with t h e t as k o f v e r s i fyi ng t h e S h a h nam a w as a fi re w o r s hipp e r as fo u r li ne s o f his b e ar witne s s : ,
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Fird au s i t e ll s u s in his Pr e l u d e 1 0 th at wh e n o n Dak ik i s m u rd e r h e d e t e r m i ne d t o c arry o n t h e w o rk hi m s e lf h e h ad gr e at di ffic u lty in o bt ai ni ng t h e ne e dfu l m at e ri al s fo r t h e p u rp o s e and w as fo r a wh il e no n pl u s s e d by w ant o f th e m H is s t at e m e nt s e e m s t o r e qu ir e s o m e e xpl anati o n fo r in additi o n t o t h e c on s ide rab le P ahl av i lit e r at u r e th e n e xt ant t h e c o ll e cti o ns m ad e by l e ar ne d Dihk ans h ad b e e n tr ans l at e d int o Ar abic and w e r e o bt ai nabl e in nu m e r o u s hi s t o ri e s in th at l angu ag e A lb irii ni t e ll s u s th at t h e p o e t A b a A li M u h am m ad b in Ah m ad A lb alk h i in his S h ah nam a r e fe r s t o t h e au th o r s o f fi v e s u ch s e p ar at e hi s t o ri e s as 2 h is au th o riti e s I f h o w e v e r w e acc e pt N Olde k e s vi e w th at Firdau s i in s pit e o f his app ar e n t as s e rti o ns t o t h e c o ntr ary kn e w no P ahl av i w as as g o o d as ig no r ant o f Ar abic and u s e d o nly au th o riti e s writt e n 3 in t h e P e r s i an o f his o w n day w e c an u nd e r s t and h is H e c o u ld m ak e no difli cu lt y ab o u t h is m at e ri al s pr o gr e s s till h e h ad o bt ai ne d a c o py o f A b ii M ans ar s S hah nam a p e rh ap s t h e id e ntic al c o py u s e d by Dak ik i Th e p o e t in fact s e e ms t o s p e ak o f his P ahl av i p 10 8 E ng tr n C 1 74 6 N T x iii ,
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TR O D U C TI ON
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th o riti e s as w e m ight s p e ak o f t h e H e br e w S cript u r e s m e aning t h e Old T e s t am e nt th o u gh w e m ay kno w the m o nly in t h e Engli s h v e r s i o n H is chi e f au th o rity w as d o u btl e s s t h e S h a r which as hnam a o f A b a M ansu w e h av e s e e n h ad b e e n t rans e rn P e r s i an dir e ctly fr o m P ahl av i o riginal s H e al s o u s e d as it w o u ld s e e m tr ansl ati o ns int o m o d e rn P e r s i an o f Ar abic hi s t o ri e s th e m s e lve s tr ans l at e d fr o m P ahl av i o rigi nal s C e rt ai n p as s age s in t h e S h ah nam a wh e r e I bli s is s u b s tit u t e d fo r Ahri m an as t h e nam e o f t h e e vil pri n cipl e m ay b e attrib u t e d with c o nfid e nc e t o 1 s u ch s e c o nd ary au th o riti e s P ahl av i o riginal s and Ar abic v e r s i o ns h av e alik e di s app e ar e d and t h e S hah n a m a o f Fird au s i which al o ne s u rviv e s o f all t h e m any S h ah nam as th at o nc e e xi s t e d h as no w b e c o m e t h e pri ncip al s t o r e h ou s e o f Irani an l e g e nd and t h e l e adi ng au th o rity o n t h e s u bj e ct Th e S h ah nam a o f F irdau s i th e n is a tr u e e pic no t a gre at p o e t s i nv e nti o n and t h e pr o o f is t o b e fo u n d in t h e natu r e o f h is s u bj e ct H e e xpr e s s ly di s cl ai m s m att e r and in h is o wn w o rd s all o rigi nality t e lling u s th at t h e t al e h ad all b e e n t o ld b e fo r e and th at all t h e fr u it th at h ad fall e n in t h e g ard e n o f knowl e dg e h ad b e e n alr e ady g arne r e d H is s h ar e w as t o m o u ld i n t o s o ng t h e e p o s o f h is nativ e l and s c o r ning no t al e h o we v e r l o wly and p u tti ng t h e 2 b e s t and p u r e s t i nt e rpr e t ati o n o n all th at h e fo u nd au
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72
TRO D U C TI O N
Th e
po s itio n o f t h e M e d e s o n t h e Ar as e xpl ai ns h o w t h e i n c u r s i o ns i nt o A z arb ij an o f t h e A s s yri ans in e arly and o f t h e Ar ab s in l at e r ti me s c am e t o b e in t h e s t o ry h o w w e c o m e t o h av e t h e e m b o di e d w ar s with t h e Taranians br o u ght s o pr o m i ne ntly b e fo r e u s why t h e arch e ne my Afra s iyab is r e c o rd e d t o h av e b e e n t ak e n pri s o n e r in l ak e U ru m iah and why t h e writ e r o f t h e Ar m e ni an hi s t o ry wh o p as s e s u n d e r t h e nam e o f M o s e s o f Ch o re ne c o u pl e s t h e t wo gr e at e ne mi e s o f t h e M e d e s in h is acc o u n t o f P e r s i an fabl e Q u id au t e m tibi s u nt v o lu pt at i v il e s ac v anae ,
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de By ras pe A s t y age fab u lae ? By ras p o r Biwaras p is t h e P ahl av i t e r m fo r Z ahh ak A s t y age s w as t h e .
gr e at Taranian ki ng o f E k b at ana and s o m e ti m e o v e r l o rd o f Cyr u s Th e v as t s p ac e s and r e gi o ns o f t h e O x u s h av e alw ay s b e e n a di ffic u lty t o t h e s t u d e nt o f h nam a b u t s u b s titu t e t h e c o m p ar ativ e ly narr o w t h e S ha ar e a b e tw e e n t h e C as pi an and t h e Eu xi ne and m u ch ? is e xpl ai ne d Th u s far F irdau s i fo ll o w s t h e o ld Ira ni an c o s mo g ony I n t h e c as e o f t h e h e av e ns h e r ej e ct s it ; and it s fo u r h e av e ns o f t h e S t ar s o f t h e M o o n o f t h e S u n and o f t h e E ndl e s s Light s b e c o m e n ine in t h e p o e m—th o s e o f t h e s e v e n pl ane t s o f t h e ang e l s and o f t h e thr o ne of G od Th e s e h e av e ns w e r e s u pp o s e d t o b e cry s t al li ne s ph e r e s with i nd e p e nd e nt m o ti o ns and fitti ng o ne Th e s e v e n pl ane t s ins id e ano th e r lik e Chine s e b o x e s ar e t h e S u n M o o n M e rc u ry M ar s V e nu s J u pit e r and S at u r n Fird au s i t o o k h is i mag e ry chi e fly fro m t h e anci e nt c o s m og o ny o r fr o m t h e natu r al fe at u r e s o f h is nativ e l and A S hah s d o m ini o n e xt e nd s fr o m t h e M oo n t o Ar m i e s t h e Fi s h o r all t h e S e v e n Cli m e s o b e y him s tr e tch fr o m m o u nt ai n t o m o u nt ain o r fr o m s e a t o s e a Th e Th e w arri o r s h e ad s t o u ch t h e S u n o r S at u rn .
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IN
TRO D U C TI O N
73
th e m s e lv e s are o r are like m o u nt ains li o ns e l e ph ant s l e o p ard s and cr o c o dil e s th e y l e v e l t h e hill s with th e ir b attl e cri e s and pi e rc e w ith th e ir s p e ar s Th e ir p al ac e s and c as tl e s b ar t h e t h e h e ar t s o f fl int s e agl e s flight ri s e ab o v e t h e cl o u d s o r h o ld c o nv e r s e with t h e s t ar s Tr o o p s thr o ng like l o c u s t s and ant s and e v e n gnat s c an fi nd no r o o m t o p as s th e m In b attl e t h e fi e ld o r e v e n t h e wh o l e w o rld is a s e a o r s tr e am o f g o r e A tig e r b e s trid e s an e l e ph ant and br andi s h e s a cr o c o dil e which b e ing in t e rpr e t e d m e ans th at a c av ali e r w ave s his s w o rd S w o rd s t o o are o r are lik e di am o n d s ; whil e s p e ar s t u r n t h e e arth t o a r e e d b e d O ne h o r s e is s o k e e n o f s ight th at it c an s e e an ant s fo o t o n bl ack cl o th at night t w o l e ag u e s aw ay R apid m o tio n is c o m p ar e d t o fire o r t o it s s pirit A z argas h as p w h o is o ft e n an e q u iv al e nt fo r t h e light ning t o wi nd s mo k e o r d u s t t h e l as t b e i ng t h e c o mm o ne s t fig u re in t h e p o e m Th e r e ad e r lik e t h e p o e t will find it u biqu it o u s and will no t fail t o no tic e in t h e acc o u nt s o f m arch e s b attl e fi e ld s and s i ngl e c o m b at s & c th at th e s k y s u n m o o n & c are s aid t o gr o w like i ndig o o r e b o ny o r t o b e c o m e v e il e d or t o t u rn d ark To s ay at no o nd ay & c Th e all u s i o n is t o t h e d u s t th at t h e air d ark e ne d is o ft e n m e r e ly ano th e r w ay o f s aying th at t h e d u s t r o s e ; and b o th and ki n dr e d e x pr e s s i o ns are in c o ns t ant u s e t o i ndic at e th at h o s t s o r in divid u al s h av e s e t fo rth o n s o m e e xpe diti o n are appr o achi ng o r e ng agi ng in b attl e & c O pp o s e d t o t h e d u s t —t h e e ne m y is w at e r — t h e fri e n d Wh e r e l and and w at e r are my tr e as u r e is s ays o ne o f t h e S hah s in t h e p o e m and t h e p o e t c o m p ar e s t h e j o y o f h avi ng o ne s w o rk appr o v e d by t h e wi s e t o th at o f s e e i ng pl e n t y o f w at e r in o ne s o wn c anal C o ns e qu e ntly it is no t t h e blu e b u t t h e cl o u dy s k y th at d e light s t h e Pe r s i an e y e and S pri ng with it s cl o u d s th u nd e r s h o w e r s fl o w e r s and v e rd u r e is t h e and fav o u rit e s e as o n Th e h and o f M ah mad s ays t h e warri o r s
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I N TR O D U C TI O N
74
is
lik e a cl o u d in s p ring Pe rp e tu al s pring is t h e P e r s i an s no ti o n o f a p e rfec t cli m at e A king ad o r ns h is r o s e g ard e n lik e s pr ing 1 6 h e s u mm o ns h is gr e at m e n ab o u t h im and h o ld s a c o u rt all Th e P e r s i an y e ar b e g an with t h e s pri ng and t h e b e g inni ng o f t h e N e w Y e ar was a s e as o n o f rej o ici ng Th e c h e ck in j o y o r h e alth is lik e t h e r o s e t u lip p o m e gr anat e o r J u d as tr e e bl o s s o ms in fe ar o r p as s i o n lik e tho s e o f j as m i ne o r fe nu gre e k o r as c o l ou rl e s s as s and ar ach t he tr ans p ar e n t gu m o f t h e Ca llitris I n p as s i o n Q uadr im lois o f w hich p o u nc e is m ad e t o o o r fe ar t h e b o dy s h ak e s lik e a will o w tr e e t h e h e art and l1v e r b e c o m e fu ll o f bl o o d t h e v e i ns thr o b and t h e bl o o d it s e lf b o il s Th e narci s s u s b e d e w s t h e r o s e wh e n b e au ty w e e p s S t at u r e is lik e t h e cypr e ss which is al s o t h e tr e e o f t h e bu ri al gr o u nd t h e tr ee o f p o s th u m o u s fam e t e ak I n o ld age o r lik e t h e A yo u th o f t h e s tr aight s t e mm e d cypr e s s s t o o p s pr o m i s e is a s apli ng b e ari ng it s fir s t fr u it s To t ak e any i m p o rt ant s t e p is t o pl an t a tr e e it m ay b e o f r e v e ng e o r o f s o m e pr u d e nt ac t o f p o licy and t h e fr u it o f t h e tr e e will acc o rdi ng t o circ u m Th e s t an c e s t u r n o u t t o b e e ith e r g e m s o r c o l o cyn th p o e t is fo nd o f m o r ali s i ng o n life it s tr ans i e n t natu r e H is fav o u rit e fig u r e fo r t h e fo r m e r is and vici s s it u d e s t h e w ay s id e c ar av ans e r ai o r inn wh e r e as pilgri m s o r tr av e ll e r s w e s oj o u rn fo r a bri e f s p ac e and th e n d e p arti ng yi e ld o u r r o o m t o o th e r s ; fo r t h e l att e r h e t he app e al s t o t h e c o nfig u r ati o n o f h is nativ e l an d — a pp ar e ntly e ndl e s s al t e rnati o n o f as c e nt and d e s c e n t with which all w h o h av e s oj o u r ne d in th o s e p art s are w e ll acq u ai nt e d —o r by a h o lde r flight de s c rib e s h o w a m an is r ai s e d t o S at u r n o r t h e Pl e i ad e s o nly t o b e fl u ng int o t h e ditch o r t o t h e Fi s h— t h e myth o l o gic al o ne r e fe rr e d t o ab o v e L ik e o th e r p o e t s Fird au s i s uffe r e d fr o m t h e c o n Wh e n fo r i ns t anc e we find B alkh s tr ai nt o f rhy m e p oe t
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IN e nd
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75
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c ou pl e t t alkh is pre tty c e rt ain t o b e at t h e e nd o f t h e o th e r and as ” t alkh m e ans bitt e r t h e s e ns e o f s u ch p as s age s is a t t o b e s tr ai ne d S i m il arly t h e ch ang e s are r u ng with p gr e at fr e qu e ncy o n t h e w o rd s nil ( indig o o r t h e Nil e ) m m il a il e) and i l an e l e ph an t ) as v ers e ( p ( Th e fir s t o f th e s e thr e e w o rd s is o ne o f t h e e nding s tr ans l at o r s th o r ns in t h e fl e s h t h e p o e t u s ing it in s o m any diffe r e nt c o nne cti ons th at it is i m p o s s ibl e t o fi nd a fo r m u l a o f e xpl anati o n th at will c o v e r th e m all R e lie f fr o m an Englis h p o i n t o f vi e w is s om e tim e s o b t aine d by s u b s tit u ti ng with M o hl bl u e s e a fo r R ive r ” Nil e b u t t h e b e s t antido t e as Firdau s i w ou ld s ay fo r t h e b ane o f t h e w o rd is B u tl e r s c o u pl e t at
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rhy m t h e ru dde r is o f e r es With which lik e s hip s th e y te r th e i r c o rs e Fo r
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CHAPT E R TE XT
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TR A N S
LA TI O N
b e gi nning o f l as t c e ntu ry t he S h ahnam a e xi s t e d in M S o nly S in c e th e n fi v e m o r e o r l e s s c o m pl e t e e diti o ns h ave app e ar e d in prin t i I n 1 8 0 8 Dr L u m s d e n u nd e rto o k t o s u p e ri nt e nd an e diti o n o f t h e p o e m o ne v o l u m e o f which w as p u bli s h e d at C alc u tt a in 1 8 1 1 b u t t h e p u blic ati o n w e nt no fu rth e r This e diti o n will b e r e fe rr e d t o U P to
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ii I n 1 8 2 9 T u r ne r M ac an w h o m u s t alw ay s h o ld t h e pl ac e o f h o no u r am o ng t h e e dit o r s o f t he p o e m aft e r d e v o t e d l ab o u r in c o ll ati o n o f M S S p u bli s h e d at C alc u tt a in fo u r vo l u m e s t h e fir s t and t h e e arli e r po rti o n o f t h e t e xt o nly c o m pl e t e e diti o n b e i ng b as e d o n th at o f L Thi s e ditio n will b e r e fe rr e d t o as C iii I n 1 8 3 8 J u l e s M o hl p u bli s h e d t h e fir s t vo l u m e o f his m o s t s u m pt u o u s e diti o n at t h e e xp e ns e o f t h e Fr e nch g o v e r nm e nt S ix v o l u m e s h av e app e ar e d ; b u t t h e w o rk w as ne v e r fi ni s h e d o win g t o t h e d e ath o f Thi s e diti on is b as e d o n an i nd e p e nd e nt t h e e dit o r c oll atio n o f M S S and i ncl u d e s a Fr e nch pro s e t rans la 1 tio n as w e ll as t h e P e r s i an t e xt Thi s e di t i o n will b e r e fe rr e d t o as P iv I n 1 8 5 0 a c o m pl e t e lith o gr aph e d e diti on in o ne v o l u m e fo li o e dit e d by M u hamm ad M ahdi a nativ e o f .
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h l d b dd d th t t h Fr nch tr n l ti h b n c mpl t d by M B b i r d M y n rd fr m t h t xt f C nd t h wh l t n l ti n h b n p b li h d p r t l y by t h l t M d m M hl 1
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IN
TR O D U C TI ON
77
p u bli s h e d at Tihran Th e t e xt is a re pr int o f th at o f C with o cc as io nal v ariat io ns s o m e o f which are o f v al u e Thi s e diti o n will b e r e fe rr e d t o as T v I n 1 8 77 J A V u lle rs p u bli s h e d t h e fir s t v o l u m e o f h is e diti o n v o l u m e s h av e s i nc e and t w o o th e r Th e p u blic ati o n o f t h e third v o l u m e app e ar e d w as i nt e rr u pt e d by t h e l am e nt e d d e ath o f t h e e dit o r b u t h as s in c e b e e n c o m pl e t e d fr o m t h e m at e ri al s l e ft by h im by S amu e l Li nd au e r Ev e n thu s t h e e diti o n c o n t ai ns o nly ab o u t t h e fir s t h alf o f t h e e ntir e p o e m Thi s e diti o n is b as e d o n t h e c o ll ati o n o f t h e t e x t s o f C and P with o cc as i o nal r e adi ngs fr o m L and T and o th e r s o u rc e s Thi s e diti o n will b e r e fe rr e d t o as V Th e o nly c o m pl e t e Eu r o p e an tr ans l ati o n s o f t h e S h ah nam a hith e rt o p u bli s h e d are t h e Fr e nch o ne m e nti o ne d and an I t ali an o ne in v e r s e by ab o v e Tr ans l ati o ns and s u mm ari e s of p o rti o ns S igno r Pi zz i o f t h e p o e m h av e app e ar e d in E ngli s h and G e r m an Th e i nd u lg e nc e b o th o f t h e P e r s i an s ch o l ar and o f t h e E ngli s h r e ad e r is as k e d o n b e h alf o f thi s t h e fir s t Engli s h tr ans l ati o n o f t h e p o e m as a wh o l e in vi e w o f t h e m ag nit u d e and diffic u lty o f t h e u n d e rt aki ng O u r pri m e o bj e ct h as b e e n t o pr o d u c e a cl e ar and i nt e lligibl e r e nd e ring and with thi s e nd in v i e w w e h av e fo u nd it ne e dfu l t o di s p e ns e with c e rt ai n re du ndanc e s in t h e o rigi nal All th e s e pr o b ably m ay b e gr o u p e d u nd e r t h e fo ll o wi ng h e ad s —v ari an t c o rr u pt and s p u ri o u s p as s ag e s ; r e p e titi o ns t au t o l o gi e s and pl atitu d e s ; and idi o m atic and gr ammatic al c o ns tr u e ti o ns th at pr o v e d i ntr act abl e Th o s e wh o are ao t r e adily d r t d u aint e d with h e o rig inal will n u e n s a q wh at th e s e e m is s io ns am ou nt t o ; th o s e u nacqu ai nt e d with it m ay e as ily fi nd o u t by c o m p ari ng o u r ve r s i o n with th at o f M M o hl B o th will w e think ad m it th at w e h av e l e ft t h e fabl e ab s ol u t e ly i nt act th at I s p ahan w as
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IN
78
TR O D U C TI ON
h ave s cr u pu l ou s ly avo id e d c u tti ng t o t h e q u ick and h av e d on e no thing t o fo rfe it o u r cl ai m t o c all thi s t h e firs t c o mpl e t e Engli s h tr ans l ati o n o f t h e
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v e r s i o n is m e tric al p artly rhy me d and p artly Th e rhy m e d p o rti on c ons i s t s o f pr e l u d e s u nrhy m e d t e r m i nal c ou p ap o l o gu e s s ayi ng s o f wi s e m e n s o ng s l e t s p as s ag e s in which t h e p o e t S p e ak s in h is o wn p e r s o n and s o me o th e r s th at s e e m e d t o l e nd th e m s e lv e s t o s u ch tr e at m e n t Th e s e fo r m a v e ry s m all p art o f t h e wh o l e and are g e ne r ally li ne for line with t h e o rigi nal th ou gh c o u pl e t s o r h e m i s tich s m ay b e s o m e ti m e s i nv e rt e d fo r c o nv e ni e n c e in r e nd e ri ng We h av e ch ang e d t h e m e tr e o cc as i o nally p artly fo r t h e s ak e o f v ari e ty p artly t o s u it t h e ch ar act e r o f di f fe r e nt p as s ag e s and p artly fo r o u r o wn r e fr e s h m e nt and Th e r e ad e r s h ou ld h o we v e r cl e arly am u s e me n t u nd e r s t and t h at a ch ang e o f m e tr e s i m pli e s no c o r r e s p o nding ch ang e ih t h e o riginal o f which t h e m e tr e is t h e s am e thr o u gh ou t Th e u nrhy m e d p o rti o n which fo r m s t h e b u lk o f t h e tr ans l ati o n and d o e s no t as pir e t o t h e dig nity o f b e ing c all e d bl ank v e r s e is m o r e c o nd e ns e d th an t h e rhy me d th o u gh t h e pr o p o rti on o f Engli s h t o P e r s i an is c o ns t antly v aryi ng ; s o m e ti m e s a wh o l e c o u pl e t in t h e o rigi nal is b e s t e xpr e ss e d by a s i ngl e lin e in t h e tr ans l ati o n ; s o m e ti m e s a li ne and a h alf t w o line s o r m o r e in t h e tr ans l ati o n go t o t h e c o u pl e t in t h e Th e av e r ag e m ay b e r o u ghly s t at e d as thr e e o rigi nal Th e r e s u lt o f Engli s h line s t o t w o P e r s i an c o u pl e t s th e s e vari o u s e c o no mics is th at o u r tr ans l ati o n is s o m e tw e nty fi v e pe r c e nt s h ort e r th an o th e rwi s e it w ou ld h ave b e e n We h ave foll o w e d t h e t e xt o f V as far as it g o e s it all t h e ch ang e s and s il e ntly in c o rp o r atin g w ith by t h e e dit o r hi m s e lf in his no t e s additi o ns m ad e and in h is App arat u s Critic u s at t h e e nd o f his fir s t O ur
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I N TR O D U C TI O N
80
c o u r s e thi s in vo lve s a c e rt ai n am o u nt o f i nt e rpr e t a ti o n and diffe r e n c e s o f O pi ni o n in s o m e c as e s le git ig m at e ly m ay e xi s t as t o w h o o r wh at t h e p e r s o n o r thi ng r e fe rr e d t o m ay b e O n t h e o th e r h and w e o ft e n fi nd a n o u n wh e r e in E ngli s h w e s h o u ld u s e a pr o no u n and w e h av e c o ns t antly m ad e t h e s u b s t it u ti o n in p as s ag e s wh e r e no d ou bt c an ari s e in t h e r e ad e r s m i nd Ag ai n t h e c o u pl e t fo r m in which t h e p o e m is wri tt e n h as a t e nd e ncy t o br e ak it u p i nt o a s u cc e s s i o n o f s h o rt s e n t e nc e s and thi s ad de d t o t h e ab o v e m e nti o ne d u s e o f t h e no u n wh e r e w e s h o u ld nat u r ally u s e t h e pr o nou n and t o t he p au city o f c o n me e ti ng p articl e s fr e q u e ntly m ak e s t h e tr ans i t i o n fr o m s e nt e n c e t o s e nt e nc e s o m e wh at abr u pt and t h e li ne o f th o u ght diffic u lt t o fo ll o w O ft e n w e h av e c arri e d o n s e nt e n c e s by t h e additi o n o f c o nne cti ng p articl e s which are no t in t h e o riginal o a e a m e e nati o ns wi t h W d ir k xpl s e t o m e s e 4 r e g ard t o c e rt ai n i m p o rt ant w o rd s in t h e o rigi nal n a n Z a mz am By th s t e r m s i s k w n o d e e a i c e rt ai n pr actic e o f Z o r o as tri ans which m ay b e p ar a phr as e d in E ngli s h as t aki ng pr aye r i nw ardly B e fo r e e ating w as hin g & c it is c u s t o m ary t o m u tt e r t h e b e gi nni ng o f s o m e s acr e d fo r m u l a t o c arry thr o u gh t h e o p e r ati o n in c o m pl e t e s il e nc e and th e n t o u tt e r 1 We h av e e m pl o y e d t h e r e s t o f t h e fo r m u l a al ou d m u tt e ri ng o r m u tt e r e d pr ay e r s u ch e xpr e s s i o ns as I t is s o m e ti m e s u s e d as t o d e s crib e t h e pr actic e privat e c on a pr e t e xt fo r o bt ai ning a fe w m o m e nt s v e r s ati o n Thi s w as fo r m e rly a b u ndl e o f twig s b u t Bars a m no w o f m e t al wir e s v aryi ng in nu m b e r acc o rdi ng t o circ u m s t anc e s h e ld in t h e h and d u ri ng t h e p e rfo r m ? rit e s o f t h e Z o r o as tri ans an c e o f c e rt ai n r e ligi o u s Th e pr actic e is cl e arly r e fe rr e d t o in E z e ki e l viii 1 6 ” 1 7 We tr ans l at e Bars am by t h e s acr e d twigs ,
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T R O D U C TI O N
81
Fir daus i d o e s no t u s e thi s w o rd in it s pro p e r s e ns e —th at in whi ch it is s till u s e d by t h e P ar s is at t h e pr e s e nt day — b u t in th at o f m au s o l e u m 1 ch ar ne l or ch arne l ho us e and w e h av e s o tr ans l at e d it Dihkan : Th e ge ne r al s e ns e o f thi s w o rd is th at o f c o u ntrym an as di s ti ngu i s h e d fro m t o wns m an O wi ng h o w e v e r t o t h e fact th at t h e r u r al clas s in Ira n as e l s e wh e r e w e r e t h e chi e f r e p o s it o ri e s o f t h e tr aditi o ns and fo lkl or e o f th e ir nativ e l and which w e r e h and e d d o wn o r ally and r e cit e d at l o c al g ath e ri ngs by t h e s e b e s t q u alifi e d fo r t h e t as k t h e w o rd c am e t o h ave t h e s e c o nd ary m e an i ng o f h ard o r m ins tr e l and w e h av e r e nd e r e d it acc o rdi ng t o it s fir s t o r s e co nd ary m e aning as t h e s e ns e o f t h e p as s ag e r e q u ir e d Di nar and Diram O f th es e t h e dinar w as a g o ld and t h e dir am a s ilve r c o in Th e Attic dr ach m a w as m ad e t h e b as i s o f h is m o ne t ary s ys t e m by Al e x and e r t h e Gr e at and P e r s i a p o s s es s e d no n ativ e go ld c o inag e till m o r e th an fi v e c e ntu ri e s l at e r I t th e n o bt ai ne d o ne by a ccid e nt By t h e t e r m s o f pe ac e b e tw e e n A rdaw an ( A rt ab anu s ) t h e l as t P arthi an m o narch and t h e Em p e r o r M acrinu s aft e r t h e gr e at b attl e o f Ni s ibi s in A D 2 1 7 t h e l att e r agr e e d t o pay t o t h e fo r m e r an i nd e m nity o f m o r e th an a m illi o n and a h alf o f o u r m o ne y Th e s u m s e e m s t o h av e b e e n chi e fly p aid in au re i C o ns e qu e ntly wh e n A rds h ir Pap akan ( Art ax e rx e s ) b e c am e t h e fir s t S hah o f t h e ne w nativ e P e r si an ( s asani an) dyn as ty in A D 2 2 6 h e fo u nd t h e c o u ntry fl oo d e d with t wo di s tinct c oin ag e s with no r e c o gni s e d r e l ati o n b e twe e n the m e xc e pt t h e r o u gh H e s e e m s t o h av e and r e ady o ne o f c o m m e rc e l e ft matt e r s t o s e ttl e th e mse lv e s and in h is o w n c oi nag e fo ll o w e d t h e type o f t h e au r e u s fo r h is go ld 2 c o ins and th at o f t h e dr ach ma fo r h is s ilve r Th e .
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TRO D U C TI O N ”
xpr e s s i o n dinar s and dir am s is one fre qu e ntl y m e t with in t h e p o e m and as it is r ath e r an in c o nv e ni e nt o ne m e tric ally w e h av e s u b s titu t e d t h e o ld e r fo r m dr ach m fo r dir am pa We r e t ain this w o rd as in th e o riginal Wh e n s p e lt with a c apit al it is t o b e r e g arde d as e qu iv a l e n t t o A hri m an or I bl is e xc e pt in t h e c oll o c ati ons ” Bl ack Div and Whit e Div Wh e n s p e lt with a a s m all l e tt e r it m a d m an e ith e r m on o r e a e y 1 me m b e r o f s o me s av ag e o r o u tl andi s h trib e Th e farr w as r e g ard e d as t h e s p e ci al F a rr divi ne e nd o w me nt o f t h e Irani an r ac e — t h e favo u r e d p e o pl e o f U rmu z d— and as an o bj e ct o f e nvy o r am bi ti o n t o t h e ne ighb o u ri ng p e o pl e s I t w as r e g ard e d in t h e Z andav as t a as s o m e thi ng m at e ri al th at c ou ld b e f and e v e n in t h e S h ah nama s o u ght s e i z e d and c arri e d o f w e fi nd a fe w o cc as i o ns wh e n it as s u me s a vi s ibl e fo r m E ach o f t h e thr e e prim itiv e c as t e s i nt o which t h e Ira ni ans w e r e divid e d h ad it s o w n s p e ci al farr whil e t h e S hah u nit e d all thr e e in his o wn pe r s o n and t h e p o s s e s s i o n o f t h e thr e e fo ld farr c o ns titu t e d h is titl e t o t h e thr o ne Th e r e is an i ns t an c e in t h e pr e s e n t v o l u m e wh e r e aft e r t h e d e ath o f a S hah hi s t w o s ons are b o th p as s e d o v e r in t h e s u cc e s s i o n as no t ” b e ing p o s s e s s e d o f t h e farr Fir d au s i it s h o u ld b e no t e d giv e s hi m s e lf gr e at l atit u d e in t h e u s e o f this and m any o th e r e xpr e s s i o ns b u t wh e r e v e r t h e w o rd app e ar s t o b e u s e d in it s c orr e ct s e ns e w e r e nd e r it by Gr ac e o r Gl o ry Fars ang Th e far s ang is a m e asu r e o f l e ngth and w e h av e alw ay s tr ans l at e d it as l e agu e alth o u gh it is ab o u t thr e e qu art e r s o f a m il e l o ng e r th an o u r Engli s h l e ag u e Khil at Th e w o rd pr o pe rly m e ans a r o b e b e s t o w e d by a r u l e r fr o m h is o w n w ardr o b e o n s o me o ne as a s ig n o f s p e ci al favo u r A s it w as acc o mp ani e d by C f t h C hin xpr i n f r ign d il “
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I N TRO D U C I ON
84
h o w e v e r o u r fairy and fay are t h e ne ar e s t E ngl is h e q u iv al e nt s and w e h av e s o r e nd e r e d t h e w o rd We tr ans l at e t h is w o rd by c am p e n S ar apa rda Th e s arap ard a w as a s cr e e n o f c anv as o r cl o s u r e o th e r m at e ri al e n circl ing an e nc am p m e n t 5 S o me o f t h e chi e f ch ar act e r s in t h e p o e m are kno w n in t h e o riginal by s e v e r al titl e s Zal t h e fath e r o f R u s t am is al s o c all e d Zal i Z ar D as tan i Z and D as tan i S am o r s i m ply D as tan ; R u s t am him s e lf is fr e q u e n tly r e fe rr e d t o as t h e s o n o f z a l t he E l e ph ant b o di e d t h e M atchl e s s & c and th e r e are o f d u plic at e n ame s o th e r i ns t anc e s To fo ll o w t h e o rigi nal in thi s r e s pe ct w o u ld i n v olve t h e Engli s h r e ad e r in h o p e l e s s c onfu s io n and w e h av e th e r e fo r e in s u ch c as e s s e l e ct e d o ne nam e fo r a ch ar act e r and k e pt t o it o r if w e e m pl o y a d u plic at e w e o nly do it in s u ch a c o nt e xt th at no d ou bt is p o s s ibl e as t o t h e id e n tity o f t h e p e r s o n r e fe rr e d t o Ag ain t h e p o e t u s e s t h e w o rd S hah in a v e ry wid e c o nne cti o n b u t w e e m pl o y it o nly wh e n o ne o f t h e fo rty nine r u l e r s o f Ira n o r t h e S u lta n M ah m ud is r e fe rr e d Wh e r e t h e w o rd is appli e d t o o th e r s th an t h e to &c ab o v e w e tr ans l at e it by ki ng or m o narch we h av e c arri e d o u t t h e s am e principl e in o th e r c as e s wh e r e it s e e me d t o u s th at o b s c u rity might ari s e Th e ab o v e are m e r e ly giv e n as i ns t anc e s 6 With r e g ard t o t h e s p e lling o f pr o p e r nam e s w e h av e fo ll o w e d t h e o riginal with a fe w e xc e pti o ns We h av e k e pt C ae s ar i ns t e ad o f K ai s ar R u m an i ns t e ad o f R u m i I ndi an ins t e ad o f Hindi and th e r e m ay b e a l fe w m o r e i ns t an c e s Fo r Khaka n w e i nv ari ably s u b s titu t e t h e s h o rt e r fo r m Khan as t h e e xpr e s s i o n t h e Khakan o f Ch in is i nc o nv e ni e nt m e tric ally “
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TN TR O D U C TI ON
85
In th e P e r s ian t h e l e tt e r k in t h e w o rd Kab u l fo r i ns tan c e is a diffe r e nt l e tt e r fr o m th at b e ginni ng t h e nam e o f t h e h e r o Kar an whi c h in acc o rd t o pr e s e nt '
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g s h ou ld b e S p e lt Q ar an S i m il arly t h e z in t he Word zabu l is a diffe r e nt l e tt e r fr o m th at in A z argas h as p b u t w e th o u ght th at o n t h e wh o l e it w as b e tt e r no t t o m ak e s u ch di s t incti o ns 7 I n c as e s in which it s e e m e d t o u s th at am bigu ity m ight ari s e w e h av e s p e lt w o rd s u s e d m e t aph o ric ally with a c apit al l e tt e r 8 Th o s e w h o d e s ir e t o c o m p ar e o ur tr ans l atio n with t h e o riginal will fi nd o n t h e p age s o f t h e fo r m e r r e fe r e nc e s t o t h e c o rre s p o ndi ng p ag e s o f t h e l att e r Fo r ins t anc e V 2 3 3 ag ai ns t a line in dic at e s t h e b e ginning o f th at p age in Vu lle rs e ditio n o f t h e t e xt 9 A no t e o n pr o nu nci ati o n will b e fo u nd im m e di at e ly pr e c e ding t h e tr ans l ati o n in e ach v o lu me Th e h e ading s o f t h e r e igns p art s and s e cti o ns 1 0 are r e pri nt e d at t h e e nd o f t h e vo l u m e t o s e rv e as a T able o f C onte nt s A lis t o f s o me pr e vi ous tr ans l ati o ns t h e o ld 1 1 Pe r s i an c al e nd ar s o m e ge ne al o gic al t abl e s and a no t e o n abbr e vi ati o ns are app e nd e d Finally w e h av e t o ask o u r r e ad e rs no t t o 1 2 j u dg e and in all pr o b ability c o nd e m n thi s w o rk o n t h e s tr e ngth o f it s fir s t fe w p ag e s Th e Pr e l u de and t h e initi al re ign s are m o s t di ffi c u lt t o m ak e anything o f in Thi s is no t wh o lly o u r o wn a tr ans l ati o n fau lt Th e p o e t hi ms e lf as r e ad e rs o f t h e o rigin al will b ear witne s s l ab o u r s h e avily e m b arr as s e d p e rh ap s Th e p o e m by t h e ch ar act e r o f his s u bj e ct m att e r s ay s Pr o fe s s o r N Olde k e d o e s no t o bt ai n r e al l ife till 1 t h e r e ign o f J am s h id I n s pit e o f t h e h e r o ic t al e o f Kaw a t he s m ith and t h e p ath e tic m i s adve nt u r e o f Ir aj and mu ch e l s e th at is b o th c u ri ou s and in t e r e s t usa e
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Th o u gh night b e d ark th e r e is a light as s u r e d : S e e th at th o u u s e it no t u nw o rthily Tw o d ays and night s it s fe at u r e s are o b s c u r e d W o r n s o o thly by r e v o lving ; pr e s e n tly " l is s e e n ag ai n b u t p allid thin and b ack e d Lik e o ne w h o by t h e p ang s o f l o v e is r ack e d .
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5
10
TH E S H A H N A M A
6
O F PI RDA 0 5 1
Th e n if t h e g az e r far aw ay s e cu r e A gli m p s e th e r e o f t is qu ickly l o s t t o S igh t ; Bu t o n t h e fo ll o wi ng e v e it s e e m e th m o r e A nd yi e ld e th u nt o th e e a l arg e r light I n fo u rt e e n d ay s it w ax e th fu ll and bright I n fo u rt e en w ane t h till it s c o u r s e is ru n Di m ini s hing as night s u c c e e de t h night A nd dr awi ng n e ar e r t o t h e bl az i ng s u n S u ch w as t h e natu r e g i ve n by G o d s d e cr e e A nd will b e whil e t h e m o on it s e lf s h all b e ’
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§ The Prais e
Th e
F aith
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7
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his Compa nions
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kno wl e dg e tru s ty g u id e s are th e y A nd t is for th e e t o s e e k S alv ati o n s w ay ; I f th o u w ou ld s t h av e thy h e art no t s ad no t s e e Thy s pirit wr e tch e d thr o u gh e t e rnity To t ak e t h e Pr o ph e t s t e achi ng b e thy p art Th e r e w as h aw ay t h e d arkne s s o f thy h e art Wh at w as it th at H e s aid t h e i ns pir ed L o rd O f biddi ng and fo rbidding—H e av e n s o wn w o rd ? I am t h e City o f t h e D o ctri ne h e Th at is t h e g at e w ay t o it is A li I wit ne s s th at H is h e art is in th at w o rd A S th o u gh as t h o u m ay s t s ay H is v o ic e I h e ard R e g ard th e n e ach c o m p ani o n and A li A S th o s e th at g av e t h e F aith s t ability ; Th e s e are t h e m o o ns t h e Pr o ph e t is t h e s u n ; With th e m in u ni o n is t h e w ay to ru n S l av e o f t h e Pr o ph e t s S l av e s with pr ai s e I gr e e t Th e d u s t u p o n h is m and at ary s fe e t Wh at o th e r s s ay t o m e is no c onc e r n This is m y w ay fr o m thi s I ne v e r tu r n ,
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10
TH E S H A H N A M A
8
On the Co mp ilation
OF
f
o
P I RDA 0 5 1
t he S hahnama
A ll
h av e go ne s w e e pi ng in t h e g arth o f l o r e A nd wh at I t e ll h ath all b e e n t old b e fo r e Bu t th o u gh u p o n a fr u it tr e e I O bt ai n N O pl ac e and p u rp o s e no t t o cli m b s till h e Th at s h e lt e re t h b e ne ath a l o fty tre e Will fr o m it s S h ad o w s o m e pr o t e ctio n g ai n ; A fo o ting o n t h e b o u gh s t o o I m ay fi nd Of y o nd e r s h ady cypr e s s aft e r all Fo r h avi ng l e ft thi s hi s to ry b e hi n d Of fam o u s ki ngs as m y m e m o ri al D e e m n o t th e s e l e g e nd s lyi ng fant as y A S if t h e w o rld w e r e alw ay s in o ne s t ay Fo r m o s t acc o rd wi t h s e ns e o r anyw ay C o n t ain a m o r al I n t h e d ay s g o ne by Th e r e w as an E pic Cycl e s pr e ad br o adc as t A m o ng t h e l e ar ne d arc h m age s and at l as t A c e rt ain p al adi n o f r u s tic birth A m an o f c ou r ag e wi s d o m r ank and w o rth A n antiqu ary o ne w h o r ans acke d e arth Fo r any l e g e nd s o f th e ag e s p as t I nt e nt o n l e ar ni ng wh at m igh t y e t b e k no w n C all e d h o ar arch m age s o u t o f e ve ry cli m e To as k ab o u t t h e annal s o f t h e thr o ne Th e fam e d s u cc e s s fu l h e r o e s o f o ld ti m e Wh at m e n w e r e d o i ng in th o s e d ay s t h at w e I nh e rit s u ch a w o rld o f m i s e ry A nd h o w e ach day b e ne ath au s pici o u s S ki e s Th e y c arri e d o u t s o m e d ari ng e nt e rpri s e Th e arch m age s t o ld th e ir l e g e nd ary s t o r e H O W thi s w o rld far e d and wh at ki ng s u nd e rt o o k ,
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TH E
PR EL UD E
lis t e ne d t o t h e m e n o f l o r e H e l aid t h e b as i s o f t h e fam ou s b o o k Which no w r e m aine th his m e mo ri al A mid t h e pl au dits b o th o f gr e at and s m all A nd
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9
Of the poe t B a k ik i
wh e n th e r e ad e r s o f t h e b o o k h ad br o u gh t Th e s t o ri e s i nt o v o gu e all h e arts w e r e c au ght At l e as t am o ng t h e m e n o f p art s and th o ught A b rilli ant you th w e ll S kill e d in p o e try Ar o s e o f ard e nt m i nd and e l o qu e nt I will r e t e ll th e s e t al e s in v e r s e s aid h e A nd e v e ry o n e r ej o ic e d at h is i nt e nt Bu t vici o u s h abit s w e r e his fri e nd s th o u gh w e S h ou ld h o ld all vic e s fe e s th at w e S h o u ld dr e ad A nd d e ath appr o aching u ne xp e ct e dly I m p o s e d it s gl o o m y h e l m e t o n h is h e ad H e g av e h is life t o vic e and e arth ne e r g av e H im tr u e e nj o y m e nt fo r a S ingl e day Whil e fo rt u ne qu ickly t u rne d it s fac e aw ay H e p e ri s h e d by t h e h and o f h is o w n s l av e D e p arti ng thu s h e l e ft th os e t al e s o f yo r e Unt o ld ; th e ir w ak e ne d fo rt u ne S l e pt o nc e m o re 0 G o d I fo rgiv e h is fau lt s and in Thy gr ac e A s s ign him at t h e l as t an h o no u r e d pl ac e N ow
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H ow the pres ent B ook was begun
Mine ard e nt h e art t u rne d wh e n Dak ik i fe ll S p o n t ane o u s ly t o w ard t h e Ira ni an thr o ne ; I f I c an ge t t h e b o o k I will r e t e ll I s aid t h e t al e s in l ang u ag e o f m i ne o wn ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
OF
PI R DA U S I
p e rs o ns m o r e than I c an s ay Fo r I w as fe arfu l a s ti me p as s e d aw ay Th at life w o u ld no t s u ffic e b u t th at I t o o S h o u ld l e av e t h e w o rk fo r o th e r h and s t o do Th e r e w as b e s id e s a d e arth o f p atr o nage Fo r s u ch a w o rk ; th e r e w as no p u rch as e r I t w as a ti m e o f w ar a s tr ait e ne d age Fo r th o s e wh o h ad p e titi o ns t o pr e fe r M u ch ti me e l ap s e d I s till c o nc e al e d fr o m all My s e cr e t p u rp o s e fo r I c ou ld no t s e e O ne w h o w as w o rthy t o p art ak e with m e Thi s e nt e rpri s e Wh at in thi s w o rld c an b e M o r e e xc e ll e nt th an no bl e w o rd s ? M e n c all D o w n bl e s s ing s o n th e m m e n b o th gr e at and s m all G o o d w o rd s h ad G o d v ou ch s afe d no t t o pr o vid e H o w h ad t h e Pr o ph e t e v e r b e e n o u r g u id e I h ad a d e ar fri e n d in t h e city th o u H ad s t s aid : Th e y tw ai n h av e b u t o ne s kin O ne day H e s aid : I lik e thy s ch e m e ; p u r s u e thy w ay ; Thy fe e t are in t h e right dir e cti o n no w I u n d e rt ak e fo r m y p ar t t o pr o c u r e Thi s anci e nt P e rs i an b o o k ; b u t b e no t S l ack O f y o u th and e l o qu e n c e th o u h as t a s t o r e Thy s p e e ch p o s s e s s e th t o o t h e anci e nt s m ack Th e s t o ri e s o f o u r ki ng s afr e s h r e l at e A nd r ais e thy r e p u t ati o n with t h e gr e at H e br o u ght t h e v o l u m e t o m e and ano n Th e d arkne s s o f m y gl o o m y s o u l w as ge ne I
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I n Pr ais e
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A bu M ans ur, S o n
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bt aine d t h e v ol u m e a gr and e e O f no bl e li ne ag e and c o ns pic u o u s w o rth S till in h is y o u th a p al adi n by birth
Wh e n
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TH E S H A H N A M A
The Prais e
PI RDA U S I
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f S ultan M ahmud
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N e e r s inc e t h e m aki ng o f t h e w o rld w as d o ne H ath s u ch a ki ng b e e n s e e n by h u m an e y e ; Th e cr o w n ab o v e h is thr o ne is lik e t h e s u n A nd m ak e th e arth as bright as iv o ry H o w c ans t th o u s ay : I t is t h e s u n i nd e e d Fr o m h im by far m o r e gl o ri o u s r ays pr o c e e d Abu l Ka s i m ! thi s all vict o ri o u s o ne H ath s e t his thr o ne y e t high e r th an t h e s u n ! H is are t h e r ay s which ill u s tr at e t h e S k y H is is t h e Gr ac e which O p e ne th afar Y o n m i ne s o f g o ld Aw o k e my s l u mb e ring s t ar I d e as p o u r e d thr ou gh m y br ai n t u m u lt u o u s ly M e th ou ght : Th e ti m e fo r s p e aki ng in g o o d s o o th H ath c o m e t h e o u tw o r n age regaine t h y o u th By th o u ght s o f this gr e at m o narch o cc u pi e d I fe ll as l e e p o ne night with lip s all pr ai s e Whil e my fr e e h e art alth o u gh my lip s w e r e ti e d Th e n I b e h e ld in s l e e p S h o ne in t h e d ark A daz z h ng l u s tr e ris i ng fr o m t h e d e e p A nd m aki ng by t h e bright ne s s o f it s r ay s Th e w as t e Th e gl o o m o f e art h like glitt e ri ng g e m s Gr e w lik e br o c ad e b e ne ath th at r adi ant ligh t A nd in t h e m id s t a t u rqu o i s e thr o ne w as pl ac e d Up o n t h e thr o ne th e r e s at a m o o n lik e ki ng With o n h is h e ad a cr o wn fo r c o v e ring To l e ft th e r e w e r e H is ar m y s tr e tch e d t w o m il e s S e v e n hu ndr e d e l e ph ant s in all th e ir m ight B e fo r e h im s too d a tr u s ty m i nis t e r To gu id e h im t o t h e F aith and t o do right ’
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TH E
PRE L UDE
1 1
By th at S hah s Grac e by all th o s e tr o o p s ou t s pr e ad A nd m ighty el e ph ant s my h e ad w as d az e d A n d as u p o n h is r o y al fac e I g az e d To th at ill u s tri ou s c o mp any I s aid I S thi s t h e s k y and m o o n o r thr o ne and cr o w n A re th e s e h is s oldi e r s o r t h e s t ar s c o m e d o w n ? O ne ans w e r e d : Tis t h e ki ng o f Rum and I nd King fr o m Kannuj e e n t o t h e riv e r S ind Whil e in Tura n and in Ira n m e n gi v e A s s l av e s o b e di e nc e t o h is will and live The r e by With j u s tic e d e ck e d h e e arth and no w Th at d o ne h ath s e t t h e cr o wn u p on h is br o w M ah m ud t h e w o rldlo rd t h e gr e at S hah d o th bring T o g e th e r S h e e p and w o lf fo r w at e ri ng Th e m o narch s fr o m K as h m ir d o w n t o t h e s e a O f Ch in are i ns t an t in h is e u l o gy A nd childr e n y e t withi n th e ir c o t s pr o cl ai m With lip s u nw e ane d as th e ir fir s t w o rd h is nam e Do th o u t o o t e ll h is pr ai s e fo r th o u c ans t s p e ak A nd thr o u gh h im e v e rl as t i ng gl o ry s e e k All do his biddi ng and k e e p fe alty Wh e n I aw ak e ne d t o my fe e t I s pr ang Oh wh at a whil e th at night h is pr ai s e I s ang ! N o dr ach m s h ad I b u t p o u r e d my s o u l an d cri e d My dre am is j u s tifi e d To m i ne o wn h e art : Fo r his r e no w n is p at e nt far and wid e Th e n pr ai s e t o him w h o pr ais e th t h e Mo s t High Fo r s l e e pl e s s fo rt u ne cr o w n and S ig ne t rin g H is gl o ry m ak e th e arth lik e g arth s in S pri ng With fl o w e r p ai nt e d s o il and cl ou dy S k y A s k y wh e n c e in th e ir s e as on S h o w e r s c o m e A nd m ak e t h e w o rld a g ard e n o f I r am Wh at g oo d is in Iran h is j u s tic e giv e th H is n am e al o ne is h e ard wh e r e any liv e t h ’
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3
TH E S H A H N A M A '
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OF PI R DA U S I
A b o u nt e o u s H e av e n at b anqu e t s th o u wilt fi nd A s h arp cl aw e d Dr ag o n in t h e fr ay m e anwhil e ; ,
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l ph ant h ath G abri e l s m i nd H and s lik e a wi nt e r cl o u d h e art lik e t h e Nil e Wh e n h e is wr o th o pp o s i ng fo rt u ne s m ight I s as d inar s are w o rthl e s s in h is s ight ; To b o as t o f cr o wn and h o ard is no t h is p art A nd w ar and tr av ail d ark e n no t his h e art All th o s e w h o are am o ng h is fo s t e rlings Fr e e b o rn o r o th e rwi s e b u t no bl e s till D e v o t e d li e g e s o f t h e ki ng o f king s With l o i ns girt r e ady t o p e rfo r m his wil l H av e e ach a pr o vi nc e u nd e r th e ir c o ntr ol E ach h ath his nam e i ns crib e d o n e v e ry r o ll Th e fo r e m o s t is h is br o th e r w h o in y e ars I s y o u ng e r b u t in c ou r ag e h ath no p e e r s ; Th e y w h o are c o u rti e r s o f h is Gr ac e acqu ir e J o y in t h e s h ad o w o f t h e ag e s ki ng For h e w h o h ath N as iru d Di n fo r s ir e H at h r o u nd h is thr o ne t h e Pl e i ad s in a ring A nd is t h e l o rd o f pr o w e s s r e d e and m ight I n wh o m t h e n o bl e s o ne and all d e light N e xt is t h e prin c e o f Tus a v ali ant l o rd Wh o m o ck e th li o ns in t h e b attl e tid e A nd lav is h e t h wh at fo rt u ne m ay acc o rd To h im d e s iri ng h o no u r nau ght b e s id e H e l e ad e th m e n t o G o d ; his pr ay e r is s till Th at t h e S hah s h e ad m ay b e pr e s e rve d fr o m ill M ay e arth ne e r s e e th at r o y al h e ad go d o wn A n d m ay t h e S hah r ej o ic e fo r e v e r thu s P o s s e s s i ng h e alth o f b o dy thr o ne and cr o wn Unp ai ne d u ntr o u bl e d and vict o ri o u s H e is
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cc nt f G ium t mit m ch Z r tri n l r I n t h B n d hi h U m d i r pr nt d fir t cr ti ng nd f th t w b i ng —t h r pr n t ti f m nki n d ni m l nd pl n t r p cti ly Th w r G ium t nd t h Pri m l F th r th nd y r th y li d h ppily nd nm l t d O in t h w rl d f U m d A t t h xpi r ti n f thi p ri d A hr i m n il d t h c r ti n f U m d nd l w b th t h O t ; b t t h l tt r r i d t h f rm r by thi r ty y r nd G ium which b c m t h d r ti n f t h r ig n f t h fir t S hah in t h p m Th O in dyi ng g rigi n t t h pl nt nd ni m l n d G ium pl — M a hy nd M a hy oi t t t h fir t h m n c wh in t rn p r d c d fi p ing m ng which w S iy am k w h i r pr n f G ium t in t h S h ahnam nt d In t h th p m t t h tt ck n G ium t i m d i ndir ctly by m ns in t h B nd hi h f t h B l ck Di n t di r ctly by A h ri m n r d r m y b r mi n d d th t t h B nd hi h i P hl i Th r i n f t h l t b k f t h Z nd t k n wn t h Damdad r c pr d c d L m n DZA i l iii Th e
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TH E S H A H N A M A '
It
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t i n M nt i n in ld ti b i ng n r r h n U m d r l t h Z nd t t Z r t r n t h m nt i n f t h h ly Q ti n I n t h di i i n f m n ki nd i n t c t in t h r ig n f J m hid t h m nt i n p ci lly t p r t f t h p ri t Th m th r f F idfi n with h i nf n t n t k r f g with h ly h rmit wh dw ll n M nt A l b r nd th r K i K b ad t h t f nd r f t h K iani n Dyn ty r c i t h n w f hi l cti n t t h th r n u
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§ The Greatnes s
1
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Wh at s aith t h e r u s tic bard ? Wh o fir s t d e s igne d To g ai n t h e cr o wn o f p o w e r am o ng m ankind Wh o pl ac e d t h e di ad e m u p o n h is br o w Th e r e c o rd o f th o s e d ay s h ath p e ri s h e d no w U nle s s o ne h avi ng b o rne in m e m o ry T al e s t o ld by s ir e t o s o n d e cl ar e t o th e e Wh o w as t h e fir s t t o u s e t h e r o y al s tyl e A nd s t o o d t h e h e ad o f all t h e m ighty fi le H e w h o c o m pil e d t h e anci e n t l e g e nd ary A nd t al e s o f p al adi ns s aith G aium art I nv e n t e d cr o w n and thr o ne and w as a S hah Thi s o rd e r Gr ac e and l u s tr e c am e t o e arth Wh e n S ol w as d o m inant in Ari e s A nd s h o ne s o brightly th at t h e w o rld gr e w y o u ng I t s l o rd w as G aium art w h o dw e l t at fir s t Up o n a m o u nt ain ; th e nc e his thr o ne and fo rtu ne R o s e H e and all h is tr o o p w o r e l e o p ard s kin s A nd u nd e r him t h e arts o f life b e g an Fo r fo o d and dr e s s w e r e in th e ir infan cy ,
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62
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TH E S H A H N A M A
OF
PI RDA U s f
H o w S iy dmdk was S lain by the H and
f the D iv
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th at fo u l d iv s act s r e ach e d S iy am ak Wh o li s t e ne d e ag e rly ; h is h e art s e e th e d u p With r ag e H e g ath e r e d tr o o p s arr ay e d hi m s e lf I n l e o p ard s ki n fo r m ail w as y e t u nw o r n A nd w e n t t o fight Wh e n h o s t m e t h o s t h e c am e I n fr o nt u nar m e d t o gr appl e with t h e s o n O f A hri m an Th at h o rribl e Bl ack Div Clu tch e d at b e nt d o w n t h at pri nc e o f l o fty s t at u r e A n d r e n t him o p e n Th u s di e d S iy arnak By th at fo u l h and and l e ft t h e ar m y c h ie fl e s s Wh e n G aium art h e ard thi s t h e w o rld t u rne d bl ack To him h e l e ft h is thr o ne h e w ail e d al o u d A n d t o r e h is fac e and b o dy with h is n ai ls H is ch e e k s w e r e s mirch e d with bl o o d h is h e ar t w as br o k e n All t h e s o ldi e r s w e pt A nd life gr e w s o m br e C o ns u m e d u p o n t h e fl am e s o f w o e and w ail e d A s cl ad in t u rq u o i s e c o l o u r e d g arb th e y s t o o d B e fo r e t h e p o rt al o f t h e S hah All ch e e k s W e re wi ne re d fo r all e y e s s h e d t e ar s of bl o o d Bird s ti m id b e as t s and fi e rc e fl o ck e d t o t h e m o u nt ai n With d o l e fu l cri e s in angu i s h and d u s t r o s e B e fo r e t h e c o u rt g at e o f t h e m ighty S hah Wh e n o ne y e ar h ad p as s e d th u s t h e bl e s t S u rus h Was s e nt by G o d h e gr e e t e d G aifi m art L am e nt no m o r e c o ntr o l thy s e lf A nd s aid : Do as I bid c o ll e ct thy tr o o p s and t u r n Thy fo e m e n i nt o d u s t r e li e v e e arth s s u rfac e O f th at vil e div and thi ne o w n h e art o f v e ng e anc e N e ws
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G A I UM A R T
fam ou s S hah l o o k e d u p and c u r s e d Th e n c alli ng by t h e high e s t o f all nam e s Up o n h is G o d h e wip e d h is t e ar s aw ay A nd pr o s e c u t e d ve ng e anc e night and day
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Gaiz imart went t o Fight t he Blac k D iv
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—a nam e i m plyi ng s e ns e and wi s d o m I t w as t h e l o s t r e s t o r e d and fo ndly ch e ri s h e d A nd th e r e fo r e b e i ng s e t o n w ar t h e S hah S e n t fo r t h e pri nc e and fr ank ly t o ld h im all I m e an t o g ath e r tr o o p s and r ai s e t h e w ar cry Bu t th o u b e i ng y o u ng s h alt l e ad fo r I am s p e nt H e r ai s e d a h o s t o f fairi e s li o ns p ard s A nd r av e ne r s as w o lv e s and fe arl e s s t ig e r s Bu t t o o k t h e r e ar h is gr and s on le d t h e h o s t Th e Bl ack Div th o u gh in t e rr o r r ai s e d t h e d u s t To h e av e n b u t his cl aw s w e r e h angi ng s l ack Fr ay e d by t h e r o ari ng b e as t s Hu s h ang s aw t hi s A nd p u t t i ng fo rth h is h and s lik e li o n s p aw s M ad e e arth t o o narr o w fo r t h e l u s ty div Th e n fl ay e d h im l o ppi ng o ff h is m o ns tr ou s h e ad A nd tr am pl e d h im in s c o r n th u s fl ay e d and s h e nt Th e d ay s o f G ai u m art h ad r e ach e d th e ir cl o s e Wh e n h e achi e ve d thi s v e ng e anc e o n his fo e s ; H e p as s e d aw ay t h e w o rl d w as fo r his h e ir Bu t s e e w h o h ath h ad gl o ry t o c o m p ar e With h is H e o w ne d thi s tricky w o rld and m ad e Th e p ath o f g ai n his p ath and y e t h e s t ay e d N o t t o e nj o y fo r lik e a s t o ry d o ne I s thi s w o rld : g o o d and ill abid e with no ne H ds h ang
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H US H A N G RE I G N E D FO RTY
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cc d gr t c lt r h r i rrig ti n gric lt r ni m l nd di c r th f t fS d H fi s hang
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NO E H fi s hang— t h e H ao s hy an gh a t he
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gr nd n n t t h n f S iy am k S iy am k nd hi wi f N hak pr d c d p ir n m d F ak nd F ak in w h ni n pr d c d in th ir t rn fift n p ir O f th p ir p d d n t h b ck f t h k thr gh t h c n —t h S ch in f r i r l k rr ndi ng t h c nt r l nd g lf clim in t h ld c m g ny—t t h th r i clim nd t y d th r whil t h th r i p ir f wh m H h ng nd hi wif n r m i n d t p pl t h c n t r l cli m withi n Gu h k w r which I ran i it t d an d
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Hu s h ang a j u s t and pr u d e nt s o v e r e ig n A s s u m e d h is gr ands ir e s cr o w n Fo r fo rty ye ar s H e av e n t u rne d ab o v e him H e w as j u s t and wi s e ,
,
’
.
.
1
WPT
,
i
.
58
.
.
12
TH E S H A H N A M A
4
OF
PI RDA
vs i
Th at night h e m ad e a mighty bl az e h e s to o d Ar ou nd it with h is m e n and h e ld t h e fe as t C all e d S ad a ; th at bright fe s tiv al r e m ai ne th A s h is m e m o ri al and m ay e arth s e e M o r e r o yal b e ne fact o r s lik e t o h im By Gr ac e and ki ngly p o w e r d o m e s tic ating O x as s and s h e e p h e t u rne d th e m t o go o d u s e P air th e m h e s aid u s e th e m for t o il e nj o y The ir pr o d u c e and pro vid e the r e with y o u r t ax e s H e s l e w t h e fu rry ro v e r s fo r th e ir s kins S u ch as t h e s qu irr e l e r m i ne fo x and s abl e S o s l e e k o f h air ; t h e r o v e r s cl o th e d t h e t alk e r s H e gav e s p e nt fr e e ly an d e nj o y e d t h e fr u it Th e n p as s i ng t o o k nau ght with h im b u t r e p u t e I n life no littl e s h ar e o f t o il h ad h e I n m u s i ng s p as t all c o u nt and gram m ary e A nd wh e n a b e tt e r life w as h is e l s e wh e r e H e l e ft t h e thr o ne o f gr e at ne s s t o h is h e ir Th e ti m e th at fo rt u ne g av e h im did n o t l as t Fo r l o ng H 11 s h ang t h e wi s e an d pr u d e n t p as s e d To th e e t o o thi s w o rld will no t giv e it s l o v e N o r will it fr o m it s fac e t h e v e il r e m o v e ,
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III TA H M U R A S TA H M L JRA S , ’
BI N DE R
TH E
OF
RE IG N E D T H IRTY
TH E
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T c nti n
his
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a s,
A R GU M EN
f th r w rk c lt r h r in t h d m tic ti n f nim l t h i n nti n f w i n g & c nq r nd n l A h ri m n nd d f t t h li h p r n c nditi n th t th y h ll t ch di wh f writi ng h im t h t Tahm liras , t he u e
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1 26
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Tahm aras
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fir s t wr o u ght ar m s and o p e d for w arri o rs Th e d o o r o f fam e H is Gr ac e m ad e ir o n yi e ld ; H e fas hi o ne d it t o h e l m e ts h au b e rk s br e as tpl at e s A nd c o ats o f ar m o u r b o th fo r m an and h o r s e H is ard e nt m i n d achi e v e d t he w o rk and m ad e Go o d s t o r e in fifty y e ar s A no th e r fifty H e s p e nt o n r ai m e n t fit fo r fight o r fe as t ; A nd m ad e o f s p u n an d fl o s s s ilk h air and c o tt o n Fine fabric s cl o th o f h air and rich br o c ad e H e t au ght t o s pi n and w e av e and wh e n t h e s t u ffs W e r e m ad e h e s h o w e d m e n h o w t o fu ll and s e w th e m Th e n t o t h e j o y o f all h e fo u nd e d c as t e s Fo r e v e ry cr aft it t o o k h im fifty y e ar s Di s ting u i s hing o ne c as t e as s ac e rd o t al To b e e m pl oy e d in s acr e d o ffi c e s H e s e p ar at e d it fr o m o th e r fo lk A nd m ad e it s pl ac e o f s e rvic e o n t h e m o u nt ai ns Th at G o d m ight b e ad o r e d in qu i e t u d e Arr aye d fo r b attl e o n t h e o th e r h and W e r e th o s e w h o fo r m e d t h e m ilit ary c as t e ; The y w e r e t h e li o n m e n i nu r e d t o w ar Th e Light s o f ar m i e s an d o f pr o vi nc e s Wh o s e o ffic e w as t o g u ard t h e r o y al thr o ne A nd v i ndic at e t h e nati o n s n am e fo r v al o u r Th e third c as t e w as t h e agric u lt u r al A ll i nd e p e n d e nt till e r s o f t h e s o il Th e s o w e r s and t h e r e ap e r s m e n wh o m no ne Upbr aid e th wh e n th e y e at Th ou gh cl o th e d in r ag s Th e w e ar e r s are n o t s l av e s and s o u nd s o f chidi ng R e ach no t th e ir e ar s Th e y are fr e e m e n and l ab o u r Up o n t h e s o il s afe fr o m di s p u t e and c o n t e s t Wh at s aid t h e no bl e m an and e l o qu e nt ? Tis idl e ne s s th at m ak e th fr e e m e n s l av e s Th e fo u rth c as t e w as t h e art iz ans Th e y liv e By d o i ng h andiwo rk—a t u rb u l e nt cr e w He
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Wh o b e ing alw ay s b u s i e d with th e ir cr aft giv e n m u ch t o th o ught J ams h id th u s s p e nt A no th e r fifty y e ars and did m u ch go o d Fo r e ach m an l e ar n t his pl ac e and o th e r s t o o H e b ad e t h e fou l d ivs t e m p e r e arth with w at e r A nd t au gh t th e m h o w t o fas hi o n m o u ld s fo r brick s Th e y l aid fo u nd atio ns fir s t with s t o ne s and li m e Th e n r ai s e d th e r e o n by r u l e s o f art s u ch s tr u ct u r e s A s h o t b ath s l o fty h all s and s anct u ari e s H e s e arc h e d am o ng t h e r o ck s fo r s t o ne s wh o s e l u s tr e Attr act e d him and c am e o n m any a j e w e l A s r u bi e s am b e r s il v e r g o ld J a m s h id Unl o cke d th e 1 r d o o r s and br o u ght th e m fo rth by s p e ll s H e i nt r o d u c e d t h e s c e n t s th at m e n e nj o y A s c am ph o r g e nu i ne m u s k gu m B e nj am i n S w e e t al o e am b e rgri s and bright r o s e w at e r N e xt l e e chcr aft and t h e h e aling o f t h e s ick Th e m e ans o f h e alth t h e c o u r s e o f m al adi e s W e re s e cr e t s o p ene d by J am s h id : t h e w o rld H ath s e e n no o th e r s u ch di s c o v e r e r Fo r fifty y e ar s H e cr o s s e d t h e s e a in s hip s H is wi s d o m br o u ght t o light t h e pr o p e rti e s Th e s e w o rk s achi e v e d J am s hid am biti o ne d O f thi ng s R ank l o ftie r s till and by h is r o y al Gra c e M ad e h im a thr o ne with wh at a w e al t h o f ge ms I nl aid ! which wh e n h e will e d t h e d ivs t o o k u p Th e re t h e S hah A nd b ar e fr o m e arth t o h e av e n Wh o s e w o rd w as law s at s u nlik e in m id air Th e w o rld as s e m bl e d r ou n d his thr o ne in w o nd e r At his r e s pl e nd e nt fo rtu ne whil e o n him Th e p e o pl e s c att e r e d j e w e l s and b es t o w e d Up o n t h e day t h e nam e o f N e w Y e ar s Day Th e fir s t o f Farw ardin and o f t h e y e ar Wh e n li m b s r e p o s e fr o m l ab o u r he arts fr o m s trife
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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bl e Chi e ft ai ns h e ld a fe s tival C all e d fo r t h e g o bl e t wi ne and m ins tr e l s y A nd e v e r s i nc e th at ti m e th at gl o ri o u s day R e m aine th t h e m e m o ri al o f th at S hah Th u s thi ng s c o nti nu e d fo r thr e e c e ntu ri e s A nd all t h e whil e m e n n e v e r l o o k e d o n d e ath ; Th e y w o tt e d no t o f trav ail o r o f ill A nd d iv s li k e s l av e s w e r e gir t t o do th e m s e rvic e ; M e n h e ark e ne d t o J am s h id with b o th th e ir e ar s S we e t v o ic e s fill e d t h e w o rld with m e l o dy A nd th u s till m any y e ar s h ad c o m e and g o n e Th e r oy al Gr ac e s h o ne brightly fr o m t h e S hah H is e nd s h ad b e e n at t ai ne d t h e w o rld r e po s e d A nd s till ne w r e v e l ati o ns c am e fr o m G o d M e n s aw b u t g o o d ne s s in th e ir ki ng t h e e arth S erv e d h im h e r e ig ne d— a m o narch with t h e Gr ac e On e day c o nt e m pl ati ng t h e thr o ne o f p o w e r H e kne w G o d H e d e e m e d th at h e w as p e e rl e s s Bu t ac t e d fr o w ar dly and t u r ne d as id e I n h is i ngr atit u d e H e s u m m o ne d all Th e chi e fs and wh at a w e al t h o f w o rd s h e u s e d The w o rld is m i n e I fo u nd it s pr o p e rti e s Th e r o y al thr o ne h ath s e e n n o ki ng like m e Fo r I h av e d e ck e d t h e w o rld wi t h e xc e ll e nc e A nd fas hi o ne d e arth acc o r di ng t o m y will Fr o m m e d e riv e y ou r pr o v and e as e and s l e e p Y o u r r ai m e nt and y o u r pl e as u r e Mine are gr e atne s s Wh o s aith A nd di ad e m and s o v e r e ig nty Th at th e r e is any gr e at ki ng s av e m y s e lf L e e ch cr aft h ath c u r ed t h e w o rld di s e as e and d e ath Th o u gh ki ng s are m any w h o b u t I A re s t ay e d S av e d m e n fr o m d e ath ? Ye o w e m e s e nse and life Th e y w h o ad o r e m e no t are Ahri m ans S o n o w th at y e p e rc e iv e wh at I h av e d o ne All h ail m e as t h e M ak e r o f t h e w o rld no
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TH E S H A H N A M A
36
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p e ri nt e nd e nc e no t in w ar O ne day I bli s appr o ach e d h im as a fri e nd A nd le d his wit s as tr ay Th e y o u th g av e e ar With pl e as u r e and all u ns u s p e ctingly Gave t o I bl is h e ar t r e as on and p u r e s ou l A nd h e ap e d t h e d u s t o n h is o wn h e ad I bl is E x u lt e d s e e i ng th at t h e y o u th w as s nar e d A nd g u ll e d t h e s i m pl e t o n with s p e ci o u s w o rd s Thu s s ayi ng : I c o u ld t e ll th e e m any things K no w n t o m y s e lf al o ne Th e y o u th m ad e ans w e r T e ll m e at o nc e my w o rthy m onit o r I I blis r e pli e d Fir s t pr o m i s e th e n m y s t o ry Th e g u il e l e s s y o u th s w o r e as I bl is dict at e d Thy s e cr e t s h all b e k e pt thy biddi ng d o ne Th e n s aid I blis Gr e at pri nc e ! s h all any r u l e H e r e b u t thy s e lf ? Wh at pro fi t e t h a s ir e With s u ch a s o n N o w h e ark e n t o m y r e d e Th e life ti m e o f thi s anci e n t p o t e nt at e C o nti nu e th th o u art s h e lv e d S e i z e o n h is c o u rt A nd g o o d s H is pl ac e will s u it th e e th ou s h alt b e Ki ng o f t h e w o rld if th o u d u r s t do m y biddi ng Z ah h ak l o o k e d gr av e t o s h e d his s ir e s bl o o d gri e v e d su
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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h av ing s e i z e d t h e thr o ne o f S hah J am s h id S lipp e d o n t h e w o rld as tw e r e a fi nge r ri ng Th u s fe ll J am s h id Pr e s s e d by t h e w o rld s ne w l o r d H e fl e d s u rr e nd e rin g cr o w n thr o ne and tr e as u r e H o s t p o w e r and di ad e m Th e w o rld t u rne d bl ack To h im h e di s app e ar e d and yi e ld e d all H e w as in hidi ng fo r a c e nt u ry Bu t in t h e h u ndr e dth y e ar t h e i m pi o u s S hah App e ar e d o ne day b e s id e t h e s e a o f Chin Z ah h ak cl u tch e d him fo r t hwith g av e h im s m all r e s pit e A nd s awi ng h im as u nd e r fr e e d t h e w o rld Fr o m h im and fr o m t h e fe ar th at h e i ns pir e d L o ng w as h e hidd e n fr o m t h e Dr ag o n s br e ath Bu t th e r e w as n o e s c api ng in t h e e nd Fo r fo rt u ne whirl e d h im lik e a y e ll o w s tr aw A nd b o th h is thr o ne and gr e at ne s s p as s e d aw ay Wh at b e tt e r S hah w as e v e r o n t h e thr o ne A nd y e t wh at pr o fit c ou ld h e c all h is o w n Fr o m all h is t o il s ? H is s e v e n c e n t u ri e s Bro u ght h im gr e at bl e s s i ng s and c al am iti e s Wh at n e e d h as t th o u th e n fo r a l e ngth o f y e ar s ? Th e w o rld w ill k e e p it s s e cr e t s th o u gh fo r fo o d I t giv e th e e s w e e t s and h o ne yc o m b and r u d e U nge ntl e v o ic e s b ani s h fr o m thine e ar s Wilt th o u th e n s ay : I t s l o v e is s p e nt o n m e I n e v e ry l o o k affe cti o n is e xpr e s s e d Wilt th o u c o nfid e th e r e i n c ar e s s i ngly A nd t e ll it all t h e s e cr e t s o f thy br e as t ? " I will pl ay with th e e a pr e tty g am e i nd e e d A no n and c au s e thy wr e tch e d h e art t o bl e e d My h e ar t is w e ary o f thi s W ay s id e I nn O G o d ! r e l e as e m e s o o n fr o m t o il th e r e i n A nd
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TH E S H A H N A M A ’
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14
gr t f t
PI RDA w t
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ci nt Irani n h r G h a p I n t h h m n b i ng —t h f ct t m h i r pr nt d S h ah nam f h d ill t i n t r l ti n hip f Z hh ak Th t w t g th t xi t b tw n I ndi n nd I rani n myt h l gy b tw n t h V d nd t h Z nd t nd f t h g n i f t h l g nd f t he
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TH E S H A H N A M A
OF
i t r J ams h id th e ir s e x s cr o w n W e r e br o u ght o u t tr e m bling lik e a will o w l e af O f th o s e t w o l adi e s vi s ag e d lik e t h e m o o n Th e n am e s w e r e S h ah rinaz an d A rnaw az k M e n b o r e th e m t o t h e p al ac e o f Z ah h a A nd g av e th e m o v e r t o t h e dr ag o n ki ng Wh o e d u c at e d th e m in e vil w ay s A nd t au ght th e m s o rc e ry and ne cr o m ancy Th e o nly t e aching th at h e k ne w w as b ad To m as s acr e t o pill ag e and t o b u r n E ach night t w o y o u th s o f high o r l o wly birth W e r e t ak e n t o t h e p al ac e by t h e c o o k Wh o h aving s l au ght e re d th e m t o o k o u t th e ir br ains To fe e d t h e s nak e s and e as e t h e m o narch s ang u i s h N o w in t h e r e al m w e r e t w o g o o d hig h b o r n P e r s i ans Th e pi ou s I rm ail and K ar ma il T alki ng o f t h e l awl e s s S hah Th e pr e s ci e n t Of h is r e t ai ne r s and th o s e hid e o u s m e al s By c o o k e ry w e m ight appr o ach O ne s aid : Th e S hah and by o u r wit s d e vi s e a s ch e m e To r e s c u e o n e fr o m e ach p air d o o me d t o d e ath Th e y w e n t and l e ar ne d th at ar t Th e cl e v e r tw ai n B e c am e t h e m onarch s c o o k s and j o y e d in s e cr e t Th e ti m e fo r s h e ddi ng bl o o d and t aki ng life C am e ,and s o m e m u rd e r o u s m i ni o ns o f t h e S hah Dr agg e d t o t h e c o o k s with vi o l e nc e t w o y ou th s Th e liv e r s o f t h e c o o k s A nd fl u ng th e m pr o ne A c h e d t h e ir e y e s fill e d with bl o o d th e ir h e art s with wr ath A nd e ach gl anc e d at t h e o th e r as h e th ou ght Th e y s l e w O f s u ch an o u tr ag e by t h e S hah O ne o f t h e y o u th s and th o u ght it b e s t t o m i ngl e H is pr e ci o u s br ai ns with s h e e p s and s p ar e t h e o th e r M ak e s hift t o hid e t h ys e lf To W h o m th e y s aid : Appr o ach no t any dw e lling pl ac e o f man Thi ne are t h e was t e s and h e ights
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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OF
Dragg e d h im b e fo r e t h e cro wd T o w ard M o u nt Dam aw and
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.
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1
tr
S e e In
o d.
p
.
71
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ZA H H A K
bro u ght archim ag e s s hr e wd o f h e art A nd t o ld t o th e m t h e dr e am th at pi e rc e d his liv e r H e s aid : E xp o u nd thi s dr e am with o u t d e l ay A nd m ak e m y s ou l a p athw ay t o w ard t h e light H e as k e d th e m pri v ily ab o u t t h e fu t u r e D e m andi ng : Wh at will b e my l att e r e nd A nd wh o s u cc e e d me ? T e ll o r hid e y o u r h e ad s I n s h am e Th e y t alke d t o g e th e r s ad at h e art With p arch e d lip s and with s all o w c ou nt e nanc e s : Th e y s aid : If w e t e ll tr u ly wh at is fat e d We s h all b e t o rt u r e d h aply l o s e o u r li v e s ; A nd if w e do no t ac t s tr aig h tfo rw ardly A S w e ll w as h h and s o f life N o n e d ar e d t o s p e ak : Th e ir fo rt u ne w as in j e o p ardy thr e e d ays Up o n t h e fo u rth th e S hah w as wr o th e xcl ai m ing : F o r e t e ll t h e fu t u r e o r b e h u ng alive Th e y dr o o p e d th e ir h e ad s th e ir h e art s w e r e r e nt th e ir e y e s W e pt t e ar s o f bl o o d A mo ng th e m w as a m an Wi s e h o ne s t pr e s ci e nt by nam e Zir ak Th e chi e f o i all t h e b and o f archi m ag e s C o nc e r ne d b u t fe arl e s s h e addr e s s e d Zah h ak I nd u lge no v ap ou ri ng fo r n o ne is b o r n Th e r e h ave b e e n ki ng s e re th e e E xc e pt t o die Fit fo r t h e thr o ne o f p o w e r B o th grie fs and j o ys En o u gh th e y r e ck o ne d u p y e t th e ir ti m e c am e an ir o n w all I f th o u w e rt s t andi ng th e r e Yo n h e av e n w o u ld gri nd th e e th ou w o u ld s t no t e nd u r e O ne will h e r e aft e r t ak e thy thr o ne and fli ng Thy fo rtu ne t o t h e gr o u nd H is nam e is F ar idu n A nd h e will b e a r o y al h e av e n t o e arth A s y e t h e is no t b o rn thy ti m e o f w o e H at h no t arrive d b u t wh e n h is h o no u r e d m o th e r H ath b o rne h im h e will b e a fr u itfu l tr e e Zahh ak
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1
TH E S H A H N A M A
50
O F PI R DA U S I
At m an s e s t at e his h e ad will r e ach t h e m o o n A nd h e will s e e k thy b e lt cr o w n thr o ne and c as q u e I n s t atu r e a t all cypr e s s h e will s h o u ld e r A m ac e o f s t e e l will s m it e thy h e ad th e r e with A nd dr ag th e e fr o m t h e p al ac e t o t h e s tr e e t I n b o nd s Why bi nd m e s aid t h e i m pi ou s ki ng I n v e ng e anc e ? Th e n Zir ak : W e rt th ou b u t wi s e Bu t all m ak e pr e t e xt s for inj u ri o u s act s Thy h and will s l ay h is fath e r and th at wr ong Will fill t h e s o n s br ains with r e v e nge fu l th ou ght s B e s id e s t h e nu r s e o f thi s y ou ng ath e ling Th e c o w Birm ay a hight — will p e ri s h t o o By thy h and s o in v e ng e anc e h e will br andi s h A n o x h e ad m ac e Z ah h ak h e ard anxi o u s ly A nd s w o o ne d u p o n h is thr o ne Th e no bl e arc h m age T u r ne d h im and fl e d aw ay in dr e ad o f ill Th e S hah r e c o v e r e d and r e s u m e d h is s e at H e dilig e n tly s o u ght thr o u gh o u t t h e w o rld Fo r tr ac e s fai n t o r cl e ar o f F ar idu n ; N o fo o d no s l u m b e r o r r e p o s e t o o k h e H is d aylight t u r ne d t o l api s l az u li ’
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53 The Bir th
f
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F ar idan
Y e ar s p as s e d aw ay c al amity appr o ach e d ,
dr ag o n ki ng t h e bl e s s ed Faridi m Was b o r n t h e fas hi o n o f t h e w o rld w as ch ang e d O f cypr e s s h e ight h e s h o ne fo rth with t h e Gr ac e O f ki ng s o f ki ng s which e r s t J am s h id p o s s e s s e d ’
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TH E S H A H N A M A
OF
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p ak e th u s t o t h e gu ardi an o f h e r child A pr u d en t th o u ght—a th ou ght ins pir e d by G o d H ath ris e n in my h e art Wh at w e m u s t do I s thi s —th e r e is n o r e m e dy my s o n A nd m y d e ar life are o ne —I m u s t ab and o n Thi s l and o f s o rc e r e r s d e p art u nm ark e d T o Hi ndu s ta n and b e ar h im t o Alb u r z Th e n lik e a ro e o r o ne wh o rid e th p o s t S h e t o o k t h e y o u ng child t o th at l o fty m o u nt ai n Wh e r e dw e lt a d e v o t e e d e ad t o t h e w o rld To wh o m s h e s aid : I am O h o ly o ne ! A w o e fu l w o m an fr o m Ira n Kno w th o u Th at thi s my n o bl e s o n will b e h e r e aft e r Th e l e ad e r o f h is p e o pl e will di s cr o w n Z ahh ak and tr e ad h is girdl e in t h e d u s t T ak e th o u thi s child and fath e r h im with c ar e Th e g o o d m an t o o k h e r child and ne v e r br e ath e d O ne c o ld br e ath o n h im Wh e n t h e r u m o u r r e ach e d Zah h ak ab o u t t h e c o w and fi e ld h e w e nt Lik e s o m e m ad e l e ph ant and s l e w Birmay a With all t h e o th e r c at tl e th at h e s aw Withi n t h e fi e ld and h arri e d all t h e l and H e w e nt ne xt t o t h e h o m e o f Faridim S e arc h e d it b u t all in v ai n fo r no ne w as fo u nd A nd b u rne d t h e l o fty p al ac e t o t h e gr o u nd A
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§
4
H o w F aridan ques tio ned his M o ther
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F aridun wh e n twic e e ight y e ars h ad p as s e d S o u ght o u t h is m o th e r o n t h e pl ain and s aid Di s cl o s e thy s e cr e t s ay wh o is my fath e r
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ZA H H AK
Wh at is my li ne age wh o m s h all I d e cl ar e My s e lf in pu blic ? Le t m e h av e t h e tr u th S h e s aid : I will t e ll all m y no bl e b o y \Vit hin Ira n e r e whil e liv e d o ne Abt in O f r o y al r ac e di s c e rni ng m i nd wi s e br av e A nd i no ffe ns iv e s pr u ng fr o m Tah m uras ; Abtin k ne w all t h e p e digr e e Thy s ir e A nd m y d e ar s p o u s e w as h e my d ays w e r e d ark Wh e n w e w e r e p art e d N o w Z ah h ak t h e w arl o ck S tr e tch e d fr o m Ira n h is h and ag ai ns t thy life Bu t I c o nc e al e d th e e O h wh at w o e fu l d ay s I p as s e d whil e th at br av e y o u th —thy fath e r — fo rfe it e d H is o w n S w e e t life fo r th e e ! N o w o n Z ah hak Th e w arl o ck s s h o u ld e r s gr e w t w o s nak e s which s u ck e d Th e life br e ath o f I ra n and thy S ir e s br ai ns We r e t ak e n fr o m his h e ad t o fe e d th e m I I n c o u r s e o f ti m e c am e o n an o p e n p as t u r e A s y e t u nkno w n t o fam e and th e r e b e h e ld A c o w lik e j c ou nd s pri ng w e ll s h ap e d and c o l o u r e d Fro m h e ad t o fo o t : b e fo r e h e r s at h e r h e rd Up o n his h e e l s as o ne b e fo r e a ki ng I pu t th e e in his ch arg e Fo r l o ng h e nu r s e d th e e Up o n his br e as t t he c o w o f p e ac o ck h u e s S u pplying th ee with m ilk th at m ad e th e e thri v e Lik e s o m e b o ld cr o c o dil e u ntil t h e ti di ngs O f c o w and m e ad o w r e ach e d t h e S hah and th e n I b ar e th e e fr o m t h e p as t u r e in all h as t e A n d fl e d Ira n and h o m e and fam ily H e c am e and s l e w t h e no bl e t e nd e r nu r s e Th at c ou ld no t s p e ak t o th e e th e n s e nt t h e d u s t Up fr o m o u r h o m e and t u r ne d it t o di t ch Th e pri nc e e nr ag e d th e r e at m u s e d o n r e v e ng e A nd s aid with achi ng h e art and k nitt e d br o w s : Th e li o n gr o w e th br av e by v e nt u ri ng ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
A nd
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PI RDA U 5 1
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rc e r e r h ath d o ne h is p art Mi ne is t o t ak e m y s ci m it ar and lay H is p al ac e in t h e d u s t ; s u ch is G o d s w fl l S h e s aid : Thi s is no t w e ll ; th o u c ans t no t s t an d Al o ne again s t t h e w o rld H e b at h t h e cr o wn A n d thr o ne and tr o o p s at his c o m m and w h o c o m e Fr o m all t h e r e al m t o b at tl e wh e n h e will e th A h u ndr e d th o u s an d s tr o ng Vi e w no t t h e w o rld Wi t h b oyi s h e y e s ; t h e l aws o f bl o o d r e ve ng e D e m an d it no t Dru nk with t h e wi ne o f y ou th M e n thi nk th e m s e lv e s t h e o nly o ne s o n e arth A nd v ap ou r b u t b e thy d ay s m irth and j o y Do th o u m y s o n ! b e ar thi s advic e in m i nd Gi v e all w o rd s s av e thy m o th e r s t o t h e wi nd s
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$ Th e S t ory
5 and
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F ar idun u p o n his lip s B o th day and night his l o fty s t at u r e b e nt B e ne ath t h e t e rr o r s o f h is h e art u nt il O ne day wh e n S itti ng o n t h e iv o ry thr o ne A nd w e ari ng o n h is h e ad t h e t u rqu o i s e cr o w n H e c all e d t h e no t abl e s fr o m e v e ry pr o vi nc e To fi rm t h e b as e s o f h is s o v e re ig n ty Go o d wi s e ill u s tri o u s m e n ! A n d s aid t o th e m : I h av e as s ag e s w o t an e ne m y C o nc eal e d and I thr o u gh fe ar o f ill t o c o m e D e s pi s e no t s u ch th o u gh w e ak I th e r e fo r e ne e d A l arge r h o s t— me n d iv s and fairi e s t o o A nd as k y o u r aid for r u m o u r s tr o u bl e m e ; S o sig n m e n o w a s cr o ll t o t hi s e ffe ct O u r m o n arc h s o w e th nau ght b u t s e e d s o f g o o d H e e v e r s p e ak eth tr u th and wr o ng e th no ne
Z ah h ak h ad
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1
56
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TH E S H A H N A M A
O F PI R DA 0 5 1
S inc e
th o u d os t r u l e t h e s e v e n pr o vinc e s Why s h o u ld t h e t o il and h ar ds hip all b e ou r s We h av e acc o u nt s t o s e ttl e — th o u and I A nd all will b e agh as t if th e y s h all S h o w Th at thi s my s o n h ath p e ri s h e d in his tu rn With all t h e r e s t t o fe e d th o s e s nak e s o f thine Th e m o narch lis t e ne d and w as s o r e am az e d Th e y s e t t h e y o u ng m an fre e and s tr o v e t o w in Th e fath e r by fair w o rd s b u t wh e n Z ahh ak B ad e h im s u b s crib e t h e s cr o ll h e r e ad it thr ou gh A nd s h ou t e d t o t h e anci e n t s o f t h e r e al m C onfe d e r at e s o f t h e Div with i m pi o u s h e art s ! Y e s e t y o u r fac e s h e llw ard and h av e yi e ld e d I w ill no t s u b s crib e To th at m an s biddi ng O r e v e r giv e t h e S hah ano th e r th ou ght H e s h o u t e d r o s e in fu ry r e n t t h e s cr o ll A nd tr am pl e d it ; th e n with his no bl e s on I n fr o n t o f h im w e n t r avi ng t o t h e s tr e e t Bu t all t h e c o u rti e r s bl e s s e d t h e S hah and s aid I ll u s tri o u s ki ng o f e arth ! m ay no c o ld bl as t Fr o m h e av e n p as s o e r th e e o n t h e day o f b attl e Wh y w as thi s ins o l e n t Kaw a c o u nte nanc e d A S th o u gh a fri e nd o f thi ne ? H e t o r e t h e s cr o ll R e fu s ing t o o b e y th e e and is g o ne B e nt o n r e v e ng e and l e agu e d as th o u w o u ld s t s ay With Faridlin ! A v il e r d e e d th an this We ne v e r s aw and m arve l s u ch S ho u ld be I will t e ll y o u w o nd e r s H e ans w e r e d q u ickly : Wh e n Kaw a e nt e r e d and I h e ard h is cri e s A m o u n t o f ir o n s e e m e d t o ri s e b e twixt u s A nd wh e n h e b e at h is h e ad a s tr ange s e ns ati o n C o nvu l s e d m e H o w t will e nd I c anno t t e ll ; Th e s e cr e t s o f t h e s k y are kno wn t o no ne Wh e n Kaw a l e ft t h e pr e s e nc e o f t h e S hah A cr o wd as s e mbl ed in t h e m ark e t pl ac e .
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Z A H H fiK
A nd s till h e
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1
57
h o u t e d cryi ng ou t fo r aid A nd u rgi ng all t o s t and u p o n th e ir right s H e t o o k a l e ath e r n apr o n s u ch as s m ith s W e ar t o pr o t e ct th e ir l e g s whil e at t h e fo rg e S tu ck it u p o n a s p e ar s p o i n t and fo rthwith Thr ou gh o u t t h e m ark e t d u s t b e g an t o ri s e H e p as s e d al o ng with s p e ar in h and e xcl ai m i ng Y e m e n o f n am e ! Ye w o r s hipp e r s o f G o d Wh o e e r w o u ld s c ap e t h e fe tt e r s o f Z ahh ak Le t h im r e s o rt with me t o Faridi i n A nd s h ad o w in h is Gr ac e C o m e y e t o h im Th e r u l e r h e r e is A hri m an—G o d s fo e S o th at p o o r l e at h e r w o rthl e s s as it w as Di s crim i nat e d fri e nd s and e ne m i e s H e t o o k t h e l e ad and m any v ali an t m e n R e s o rt e d t o him ; h e r e b e ll e d and w e nt To F ar idu n Wh e n h e arri ve d s h ou t s r o s e H e e nt e r e d t h e ne w pri nc e s c o u rt w h o m ark e d Th e apr o n o n t h e s p e ar and h ail e d t h e o m e n H e d e ck e d t h e apr o n with br o c ad e o f R um O fj e w e ll e d p att e r ns o n a g o ld e n gr o u n d Pl ac e d o n t h e s p e arp o i nt a fu ll m o o n — a toke n — o o P o rt e nding gl ri u s ly and h avi ng dr ap e d it With ye ll o w re d and vi o l e t h e nam e d it Th e nc e fo rth wh e n any S hah Th e Kaw ian fl ag Acc ed ed t d th e thr o ne and d o nne d t h e cr o w n H e h u ng t h e w o rthl e s s apr o n o f t h e s m ith With s till m o r e j e w e l s s u m pt u o u s br o c ad e I t th u s fe ll o u t A nd p ai nt e d s ilk o f Ch in Th at Kaw a s s t and ard gr e w t o b e a s u n Am id t h e gl o o m o f night and ch e e r e d all h e art s : Ti m e p as s e d and s till t h e w o rld mai nt ai ne d it s s e cre t Wh e n F aridun s aw m att e r s th u s and all m e n S u b m i s s t o vil e Z ah h ak h e c am e t o F aranak With gird e d l o ins cr o wne d with a r o y al c as qu e s
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TH E S H A H N A M A
A nd
OF
PI R DA U S I
id : I go t o b attl e b u t do th o u D e v o t e thy s e lf t o pr ay e r The M ak e r r u l e th I n w e al and w oe alik e cl as p h an d s t o H im With t e ar s and bl e e ding h e art s h e cri e d : O G o d ! My tr u s t h ath b e e nin Th e e T u rn fr o m my s o n Th e o ns l au ght s o f t h e wick e d o n h is life A nd rid t h e w o rld o f th e s e i nfatu at e s Th e n Faridim gat r e ady with d e s p atch H e h ad t w o br o th e r s b o th A nd s e cr e cy O f no bl e birth and o ld e r th an hi m s e lf Hight Kaianii s h and pr o s p e r o u s Pu rm ay a H e s aid t o th e m : Live g all ant h e art s ! in j o y R e v o lvi ng h e av e n bring e th nau ght b u t g o o d ; Th e cr o w n o f p o w e r is c o m ing b ack t o u s Pr o vid e me c u nni ng s m ith s and le t th e m m ak e m e A m as s ive mac e Th e y s o u ght t h e s m ith s ba z ar I n h as t e wh e nc e all t h e as piri ng cr aft s m e n w e n t To F ar idu n wh o t aki ng c o m p as s e s S h o w e d t o t h e s m ith s t h e p att e rn tr aci ng it Up o n t h e gr o u nd I t h ad a b u ffal o s h e ad Th e y t o o k t h e w o rk in h and and h avi ng wro u ght A m as s iv e m ac e th e y b o r e it t o t h e h e r o I t s h o ne as brightly as t h e n o o nd ay s u n A nd F ar idu n appr o ving o f t h e w o rk B e s t o w e d u p o n t h e m ak e r s r ai m e nt g o ld A nd s ilv e r h o lding o u t t o th e m b e s id e Bright h o p e s and pr o mi s e o f advanc e m e nt s aying If I S h all lay t h e Dr ag o n in t h e du s t I will no t l e av e t h e d u s t u p on y o u r h e ad s Bu t j u s tify t h e e ntir e w o rld s inc e I H av e H im in m in d wh o j u dg e th right e ou s ly “
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TH E S H A H N A M A
H is
’
O F PI RDA U S I
bro th e r s s e e i ng th at G o d s p e d h is c au s e A nd th at h is fo rtu ne s l u m b e r e d n o t de p art e d With o u t d e l ay t o c o mp as s h is d e s tr u cti o n Th e r e w as ab o v e th e ir h e ad s a l o fty cliff A nd u nd e r ne ath t h e S hah s l e pt p e ac e fu lly H is t w o ab an d o ne d br o th e r s s e ale d t h e h e igh t Th at night u ns e e n and s cr u pli ng at no crim e S e t l o o s e a m ighty cr ag u p o n t h e br o w To fall dir e ctly o n th e ir br o th e r s h e ad A nd kill him in h is s l e e p Th e cr as hi ng cr ag Fo r G o d s o o rd e r e d r o u s e d t h e s l u m b e re r Wh o by his m agic art arr e s t e d it I n m id c ar e e r : it s t o pp e d d e ad F aridi m W e nt o n h is w ay b u t k e pt t h e m att e r s e cr e t I n fr o n t m arch e d Kaw a with t h e Kaw ian s t and ard S o o n t o b e c o m e t h e e ns ig n o f t h e r e al m Thu s Faridim adv anc e d as o ne wh o s o u ght A di ad e m t o w ard t h e A rwand o r c all it A s Ar abs do t h e Dij la if th o u k no w e s t no t Th e an ci e n t t o ngu e H e m arch e d ano t h e r s t ag e A nd c am e u p o n t h e Dij la at B aghdad O n dr awi ng ne ar h e s e nt t o gr e e t t h e g u ard A nd s aid : D e s p atch t o thi s S id e ins t antly Yo u r b o at s and v e s s e l s b e ar m e acro s s with all Mi ne ar m y and le t no ne b e l e ft b e hind Th e riv e r gu ard s e n t no t h is b o at s no r c am e At Faridlm s b e h e s t b u t m ad e r e ply Th e S hah g av e privy o rd e r s : L au nch no b o at With o u t a p as s p o rt u nd e r m ine o w n s e al Th e pri nc e e nr ag e d and fe arl e s s o f t h e s tr e am Girt lik e a king and b e nt u p o n r e ve ng e Pl u ng e d with h is r o s e re d ch arg e r in t h e fl o o d With o ne acc o rd his c om r ad e s gir t th e m s e lv e s T u rne d t o w ard t h e s tr e am and o n th e ir br av e fl e e t s t e e ds ,
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Z A HH A K
Pl u ng e d o v e r s addl e b ack Th e w arri o r s h e ad s R e e l e d whil e th e ir s wift s t e e ds s tr u ggl e d with t h e tid e A nd with th e ir ne ck s e m e rgi ng s e e m e d t o b e Th e w arri o rs Th e ph an t o m c o h o rt o f a dr e am R e ach e d t h e dry l and u n dam p e d in th e ir r e ve ng e A nd s e t th e ir fac e s t o w ard B ait ai M u k addas Thi s m e n c all e d wh e n th e y u s e d t h e anci e nt t o ngu e G ang i Diz h u k h t ; t o day t is k no w n am o ng Th e Ar ab s as The H o ly Pl ac e Th e fair T all p al ac e o f Zahhak w as b u ild e d th e r e Wh e n th e y appr o ach e d t h e city th at th e y s o u ght A nd Faridim b e h e ld it a m il e o ff H e s aw a pil e wh o s e b u ildi ng t o w e r e d o e r S at u rn Twill c atch t h e s t ar s S o th at th o u w o u ld s t h ave s aid : I t s h o ne lik e J u pit e r in h e ave n ; t h e pl ac e App e ar e d all p e ac e and l o v e and h appine s s Th e h e r o r e c o gni s e d th at s e at o f p o w e r A nd S pri nglik e b e au t y as t h e Dr ago n s dw e lli ng A nd s aid : Th e m an wh o r e ar e d a pil e lik e th at Fr o m du s t I fe ar m e c o t t o ne t h with t h e w o rld Bu t s till t is b e tt e r t o pr e s s o n th an t arry Thi s s aid h e gr as p e d his m as s iv e m ac e and g av e H is fl e e t s t e e d r e i n and th ou h ads t s aid : A fl am e S h o t u p b e fo r e t h e gu ard s H e e nt e r e d ridi ng A n i ne xp e ri e n c e d b u t v ali ant y o u th Wh o c all e d u p o n t h e nam e o f G o d—whil e th e y Th at w e r e o n gu ard fl e d fr o m him in dis m ay ’
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Th e n F ar idun o e rt h re w t h e t ali s m an R ai s e d h e ave n high by Z ahh ak b e c au s e h e Th at it w as not o f G o d with mas s ive mace ’
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TH E S H A H N A M A
OF
PI R DA
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L aid lo w t h e s o rc e r e r s within t h e p al ac e All fi e rc e and no t abl e d ivs —and s e t hi ms e lf U p o n t h e e nch ant e r s thr o ne Thi s d o ne h e t o o k P o s s e s s i o n o f t h e r o y al cr o wn and p al ac e Bu t th ou gh h e s e arch e d h e fail e d t o fi nd Z ah h ak Th e n fr o m t h e w o m e n s b o w e r h e br o u ght t w o I d o l s h e h ad th e m b ath e d b e p u rg e d S u n fac e d d ark — ey e d iTh e d ark ne s s o f th e ir m i nd s by t e aching th e m iTh e w ay o f G o d and m ad e th e m wh o lly cl e an ; Fo r id o l w o r s hipp e r s h ad br o u ght th e m u p A nd th e y w e r e d az e d in m i n d lik e dr u nk e n fo lk Th e n whil e t h e t e ar s fr o m the ir bright e y e s b e d e w e d Th e ir r o s y ch e e k s th o s e s i s t e r s o f J am s h id M ay s t th o u b e y o u ng S aid th u s t o F ari dun : Till e arth is o ld ! Wh at s t ar w as this o f thine Wh at tr e e b o r e th e e as fru it O fav o u r e d o ne Wh o v e nt u re s t ins id e t h e L i o n s l air S o h ardily th ou m ighty m an o f v al o u r ? Wh at angu i s h and wh at b al e h av e w e e nd u r e d All thr ou gh this dr ag o n s h o u ld e r e d A hri m an O h ! wh at a m i s e r abl e w o rld fo r u s Did thi s i nfatu at e d s o rc e r e r m ak e Y e t s aw w e ne v e r h e r e a m an s o h ardy B old and am biti o u s as t o thi nk th at h e C o u ld t ak e t h e thr o ne H e ans w e r e d : Thr o ne and fo rt u ne Abid e with none My s ir e w as fo rt u ne s favou rit e Bu t s till Z ah h ak s e i z e d o n him in Ira n A nd s l e w h im cr u e lly s o I h av e s e t My fac e ag ai ns t Z ah h ak s thr o ne in r e ve ng e H e s l e w t h e c o w Birm ay a t o o — m y nu r s e A v e ry ge m o f b e au ty Wh at c ou ld b e Th at vill ain g ai n by s l au ght e ri ng th at d u m b b e as t ? N o w I am r e ady and I p u rp o s e w ar ; I c am e no t fr o m iran t o bring h im p ard o n ’
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TH E S H A H N A M A
64
OF
PI R DA U S f
Fr o m cli m e t o cli me h e ro v e t h fo r t h e s nak e s Giv e h im no r e s t Tis ti m e fo r h is r e tu r n Bu t pl ac e th e r e is no t S tricke n t o t h e h e art Th at l o v e ly p air r e v e al e d t h e m ys t e ry Th e e x alt e d chi e ft ai n li s t e ne d e ag e r ly ,
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whil e ab s e nt l e ft in ch arg e o f all A m an o f w e alth wh o s e rv e d h im lik e a S l av e S o th at h is m as t e r m arv e ll e d at h is z e al 1 n n a m O e e d Ku ndrav b e c au s e h e u s e d t o li m p B e fo r e t h e u nj u s t ki ng H e c am e in h as t e A n d s aw withi n t h e h all a s tr ang e r cr o wne d R e p os i ng o n t h e thr o ne in p e r s o n lik e A cypr e s s o v e r which t h e fu ll m o o n s hi ne th O n o ne S id e S h ah rinaz t h e cypr e s s s li m Up o n t h e o th e r m o o n fac e d A rnaw az Th e city s w ar m e d with s o ldi e r s and a g u ard S t o o d r e ady ar m e d b e fo r e t h e p al ac e g at e All u ndi s may e d no t as ki ng wh at it m e ant Ku n drav appr o ach e d with l o wly r e v e r e n c e Th e n o ffe r e d h o m ag e s ayi ng : Liv e O ki ng ! Whil e ti m e S h all l as t Bl e s t b e thy s itting h e r e I n Gr ac e fo r th o u de s e rv e s t s o v e r e ignty Th e s e v e n cli me s b e thi ne and b e thy h e ad Ab o v e t h e r ai n cl o u d s B e i ng bid appr o ach H e t o ld t h e S hah t h e s e cr e t s o f h is o ffic e A nd w as c o m m and e d : S e rv e a r o y al fe as t Le t wi ne b e br ou ght c all m i ns tr e ls fit t o h e ar ,
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ch e e r m e at t h e b anqu e t fill t h e g o bl e t S pr e ad o u t t h e b o ard and s u mm o n w o rthy g u e s t s Ku ndrav o b e y e d and br o u ght bright wi ne and m ins tr e l s A nd no bl e gu e s t s wh o s e birth e ntitl e d th e m S o Faridii n q u affe d w i ne and ch o s e t h e l ays A nd h e ld th at night a w o rthy fe s tiv al Ku ndrav at d aw n l e ft t h e ne w princ e in h as t e A nd o n a s wift s t e e d s o u ght Z ahh ak Arriv e d H e t o ld t h e thi ng s th at h e h ad s e e n and h e ard O ki ng o f chi e fs ! t h e t o k e n o f thy fall H ath c o m e thr e e m e n o f no bl e m i e n arriv e d With tr o o p s ; t h e y o u ng e s t o f t h e thr e e in h e ig ht A cypr e s s and a ki ng in fac e is pl ac e d B e tw e e n t h e o th e r t w o and h ath pr e c e d e nc e H is m ac e is lik e a m o u nt ai n cr ag and s hi ne th A m id t h e h o s t H e e nt e r e d thi ne ab o d e O n h o r s e b ack an d t h e o th e r s r o d e with hi m A no bl e p air H e w e nt and s at u p o n Th e r o y al thr o ne and br o k e thy ch ar m s and s p e ll s A s fo r t h e d iv s and w arri o r s in thy p al ac e H e s tr u ck th e ir h e ad s o ff as h e r o d e al o ng A nd m i ngl e d br ai ns and bl o o d Z ah hak r e pli e d Tis w e ll g u e s t s s h o u ld e nj o y th e m s e lv e s To
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TH E S H A H N AM A
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g u e s t o f thi n e y Wh at b u s i ne s s h ath h e in thy w o me n s b o w e r H e s itt e t h with t h e s i s t e r s o f J am s h id Th e w o rldlo rd t aki ng c o u ns e l whil e thi s h and I s t oyi ng with t h e ch e e k o f S h ah rinaz A nd th at with A rnaw az c arne li an lip At night h e d o th s till w o r s e and pillo w e t h H is h e ad o n m u s k ! Wh at m u s k ? Th e l o ck s o f M o o ns Wh o e ve r w e re t h e id o l s o f thy h e art Z ah hak w o lf s av ag e wi s h e d th at h e w e r e d e ad With fo u l ab u s e h e s t e r nly h o ar s e ly thr e at e ne d Th at l u ckl e s s o ne N 0 m o r e s h alt th o u h ave ch arg e O f any h o u s e o f m i ne Ku ndrav r e pli e d H e nc e fo rth O ki ng ! I d e e m thy fo rtu ne s h e nt H o w s h o u ld s t th o u m ak e m e r u l e r in t h e city O r giv e m e e v e n m i ns tr e l s w o rk wh e n th o u H as t l o s t t h e thr o ne o f p o w e r ? For lik e a h air Fr o m d o u gh h as t th o u d e p art e d fr o m t h e thr o ne Thi nk S ir e ! wh at th o u wilt do Of s o v e r e ig n ty H av e thi ne o w n i nt e r e s t s no c onc e r n fo r th e e Th e y ne e r b e fo r e we r e in s u ch j e o p ardy I f thi s gr e at m an b e
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H o w F a ridiin bou nd Z ahhak
R o u s e d by th at t alk Zah h ak r e s o lv e d
k e e n e y e d r o ad s t e r s t o b e s addl e d N o w as h e n e ar e d t h e city by a byw ay With v ali ant div s and w arri o r s and s aw H is p al ac e r o o fs and g at e h e v o w e d r e v e ng e Th e tr 0 0 p s o f F ar idun r e c e iv e d t h e tidi ng s L e api ng fr o m th e ir s t e e d s A nd fl o ck e d t o m e e t him Th e y s tr u ggl e d h and t o h and Th e citi z e ns A nd
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TH E S H A H N
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fe e t no s o o ne r r e s t e d o n t h e gr o u nd Th an F aridun r u s h e d o n h im lik e t h e win d A nd b e at h is h e l m in with t h e o x h e ad m ac e S trik e n o t cri e d bl e s t S u r as h w h o h u rri e d thi t h e r H is ti m e h ath no t y e t c o m e b u t bi nd h im v an -
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Fir m as a r o ck and b e ar h im t o s o m e g o rg e Wh e r e fri e nd s and ki ns m e n will no t c o m e t o h im Wh e n F aridu n h e ard th at h e t arri e d no t Bu t gat a l as s o m ad e o f li on s hid e A nd b o u nd Z ah h ak ar o u nd t h e ar m s an d w ai s t With b onds th at no h u g e e l e ph an t c o u ld s nap Th e n S itti ng o n Zah h ak s o w n g o ld e n thr one D e t e r m ine d all t h e e vil u s age s m ati o n at t h e g at e : A n d m ad e a pr o cl a Y e citi z e ns p o s s e s s e d o f Gr ac e and wi s d o m Di s ar m and fo ll o w b u t o ne p ath t o fam e Fo r citi z e ns and s o ldi e r s m ay no t s e e k A c o m m o n e xc e ll e nc e ; thi s h ath h is cr aft A nd th at h is m ac e th e ir s ph e r e s are e vid e nt A nd if c o nfo u nd e d e arth will b e s o t o o D e p art r ej o icing e ac h o ne t o h is w o rk A nd live and pr o s p e r l o ng b e c au s e t h e fo u l o ne Wh o s e act s br o u ght t e rr o r o n t he w o rld is b ou nd M e n h e ark e ne d t o t h e gr e at r e d o u bt e d S hah Th e n all t h e l e adi ng w e althy citi z e ns Dr e w ne ar with gl ad ne s s bri ngi ng o ffe rings A nd h e artily acc e pt e d F ar idu n Who gr aci o u s ly r e c e iv e d th e m and di s cr e e tly G av e e ach h is r ank s du e c o u ns e ll e d t h e m at l arg e A n d o ffe r e d u p h is pr ay e r s and th ank s t o G o d Th e n s aid : Th e r e al m is m i ne y o u r fo rtu ne s s t ar I s bright fo r m e al o n e did G o d s e nd fo rth Fr o m M o u nt Albu r z by Gr ac e and fo r yo u r s ak e s To s e t t h e w o rld fr e e fr o m t h e Dr ag o n s b ane ,
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ZA H H
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by H im w h o give th g o o d We o u ght t o w alk t o w ard g o o d u p o n H is p ath s A s ki ng I m ay no t t arry in o ne pl ac e E l s e w o u ld I p as s with y o u a l e ngth o f d ay s Th e n o bl e s ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd A no n t h e din O f dr u m s r o s e fr o m t h e g at e wh e r e o n all e y e s W e r e fix e d t h e p e o pl e y e ll e d ag ai ns t t h e m an Wh o s e d ay s w e r e al m os t s p e d : Bri ng fo rth t h e Dr ag o n B ou nd in t h e l as s o s c o il s as h e d e s e rv e th Th e tr o o p s withdr e w no w e althi e r th an th e y c am e A nd t o o k Zahhak b o u nd s h am e fu lly and fl u ng I n wr e tch e d plight u p on a c am e l s b ack O n thi s wi s e t o S h irkhan C all this w o rld o ld 1 O r e v e r th o u s h alt h e ar this s t o ry t o ld Wh at ch ang e s nu m b e rl e s s h av e p as s e d and s till M u s t p as s h e r e aft e r o ve r p lain and b ill Th u s fo rtu ne s favou rite b o re Zahh ak t o ward V S h irkha n and drivi ng h im am o ng t h e m o u nt ai ns Was p u rp o s i ng t o c as t him h e adl o ng d o wn Wh e n c am e t h e bl e s t S u ras h and whis p e r e d th u s C o nve y t h e c apti v e Th e prin c e in fri e ndly wi s e : Th u s t o M o u n t Dam awand with s p e e d and t ak e N o e s c o rt o r b u t wh at thy s afe ty ne e d e th H e b o r e Z ah h ak as o ne th at rid e th p o s t A nd fe tt e r e d h im u p o n M o u n t Dam aw and ; S o wh e n ne w b o n d s w e r e add e d t o t h e o ld A nd fat e h ad no t ano th e r ill in s t o r e Th e gl o ry o f Z ahh ak b e c am e lik e d u s t A nd e arth w as cl e ans e d fr o m his ab o m i nati o ns H e w as r e m o v e d fr o m ki ndr e d and fr o m fri e nd s A nd b o n d s al o ne w e r e l e ft h im in t h e m o u nt ai ns Wh e re F aridu n ch o s e o u t a narr o w g o rg e A ch as m which h e h ad m ark e d o f vi e wl e s s d e pth Bl e s t
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61
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TH E S H A H N A M A
70
P I RDA
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h avi ng s tu dd e d it with h e avy nail s Wh e r e on t h e br ai n m ight ch afe s e c u r e d Z ah h ak B o u n d by t h e h and s u p o n a cr ag th at s o H is ang u i s h m igh t e nd u r e Th u s w as h e l e ft To h ang : his h e art s bl o o d trickl e d t o t h e gr o u nd C o m e le t u s l e s t w e tr e ad t h e w o rld fo r ill Be o n att ai ni ng e ve ry g o o d i n t e nt ; N 0 go o d o r e vil will e nd u r e b u t s till G o o d fu rnis h e t h t h e b e tt e r m o nu m e nt A l o fty p al ac e w e alth o f e v e ry kind Will no t av ail ; thy m o nu m e nt o n e arth Will b e t h e r e p u t ati o n l e ft b e hind A n d th e r e fo r e d e e m it no t o f littl e w o rth N 0 ang e l w as t h e gl o ri o u s F aridu n N o t m u s k and am b e rgri s h e s tr o v e t o w in By j u s tic e and b e ne fi c e nc e t h e b o o n O f gr e at ne s s b e a F aridun th e r e i n By g o dlik e tr av ail u nd e rt ak e n h e Firs t cl e ans e d t h e w o rld fr o m it s i niqu i t y Th e bi ndi ng o f Z ahh ak th at l o athly o ne D e vo id o f j u s tic e w as t h e chi e f d e e d d o ne H e ne xt av e nge d t h e m u rd e r o f Abtin C au s e d all t h e w o rld t o r e c o g ni s e h is s w ay A nd l as tly p u rg e d t h e s u rfac e o f e arth cl e an O f m ad me n and t o o k m i s cr e ant s p o w e r aw ay O w o rld h o w l o v e l e s s and m alig n art t h ou To br e e d t h e q u arry and th e n h u n t it d o w n Lo wh e r e is F aridii n t h e v ali ant no w Wh o t o o k aw ay fr o m o ld Z ahh ak t h e cr o wn ? Up o n thi s e arth fi v e h u ndr e d y e ar s h e r e igne d A nd th e n d e p arti ng l e ft an e m pty thr o ne B e qu e athi ng e art h t o o th e r s h e r e t ai ne d O f all th at h e p o s s e s s e d r e gr e t al o ne S o is it with u s wh e th e r gr e at or s mall A nd s h e e p o r s h e ph e rd t is t h e s am e with all ,
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TH E S H A H N A MA
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A nd
PIRDA U S I
th e r e r e c e iv e d h e r g u e s t s S h e t h e n u nl o ck e d Th e p o rt al o f h e r s e cr e t h o ard s br ou ght fo rth Th e v ari ou s tr e as u r e s th at S h e h ad am as s e d A nd p u rp o s e d t o di s trib u t e all h e r s t o r e I t s e e m e d t h e ti m e t o o pe t h e tr e as u ry Fo r dr ach m s w e r e t rifle s s i nc e h e r s o n w as S hah S h e m ad e n o s ti nt o f r o b e s and r o y al j e w e l s Ar abi an s t e e d s with h e ads t all s wr o u ght o f g o ld H ab e rg e o ns h e l m e t s d o u bl e h e ad e d d art s S w o rd s cr o w ns and b e lt s I nt e n t u p o n h e r s o n S h e pl ac e d h e r w e alth o n c am e l s and d e s p atch e d it With pr ai s e s o n h e r t o ngu e Th e king o f e arth B e h e ld acc e pt e d it and bl e s s e d his m o th e r Th e l e ad e r s o f t h e ar m y wh e n appri s e d S p e d t o t h e m o narch o f t h e w o rld and cr i e d Vict o ri o u s S hah and w o r s hipp e r o f G o d To wh o m b e pr ai s e ! m ay H e giv e pr ais e t o th e e Thu s m ay thy fo rt u ne gr o w fr o m day t o day Th u s m ay t h e fo rt u ne s o f thy fo e s b e s h e nt M ay h e av e n m ak e th e e s till vict o ri o u s A nd m ay s t th o u s till b e gr aci ou s and au g u s t Th e wi s e c am e t o t h e S hah fr o m th e ir r e tr e at s A nd p o u r e d b e fo r e h is thr o ne g o ld m ix e d with ge m s ; Th e no bl e s t o o fr o m all his pr o vi nc e s At th at h o cktid e as s e m bl e d at h is g at e Wh e r e all i nv o k e d G o d s bl e s s i ng o n t h e cr o w n Th e thr o ne t h e di ad e m and S igne t ri ng With h and s u p s tr e tch e d th e y pr ay e d right h e artily M ay s u ch j o y l as t t h e S hah b e ar fru it fo r e v e r A s ti m e w e nt o n h e j o u r ne y e d r o u nd t h e w o rld E x am ini ng it s s ight s and m y s t e ri e s M ark e d e ach i nj u s tic e and all w as t e d l and s B ou nd e vil h ands w it h b o nd s o f k indline s s A p o licy th at w e ll b e s e e me th kings .
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F A RID UN
1
B e d e ck e d t h e w o rld lik e Paradi s e and r ai s e d I ns t e ad o f gr as s t h e cypr e s s and t h e r os e t r e e 1 H e r e ach e d Tamm is h a p as s i ng by A mu l A n d b u il t a s e at th e r e in t h e famo u s ch ac e Kus is t h e m o d e rn t itl e o f t h e pl ac e
77
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§ H o w F aridii n
s ent
N ow
2
J andal to Yaman
fifty ye ar s h ad p as s e d and by g o o d fo rt u ne H e h ad thr e e no bl e s o ns fi t fo r t h e cr o w n O f r o y al birth as t all as cypr e s s e s With ch e e k s lik e s pri ng in all p o i nt s lik e th e ir fath e r Tw o w e r e t h e s t ai nle s s s o ns o f S h ah rinaz Th e y o u ng e s t fair ch e e k e d A rnaw az h ad b o rn e ; A nd th o u gh th e y c o u ld o u tp ac e an e l e ph an t Th e ir fath e r in h is l o v e h ad nam e d th e m no t I n ti m e t h e S hah p e rc e iv e d th e m fit t o r u l e A nd c all e d J and al a n o bl e c o u ns e ll o r I n e v e rything d e v o t e d t o h is l o rd A n d s aid : G o r ou nd t h e w o rld s e l e ct thr e e m aid e ns O f no bl e li ne ag e w o rthy o f m y s o ns I n b e au ty fi t t o b e afli ne d t o m e A nd nam e d no t by th e ir s ir e fo r fe ar o f t alk Thr e e S i s te r s in fu ll bl o o d wi t h fairy fac e s Uns t ain e d o f r oy al r ac e s o mu ch alike I n h e ight an d l o o k s th at fo lk c an s c arc e dis c e r n B e twixt th e m H aving h e ard h e u nd e rt o o k Th e fair e m pri s e for h e w as s hr e wd and u pright O f pl au s ibl e addr e s s and fu ll o f t act H e l e ft Ira n with c e rt ai n o f h is fri e nd s To m ak e in quir i e s and r e c e iv e r e p o rt s ,
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1
r
I n M az anda an
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TH E S H A H N A M A
OF
PI R DA vs f
Th e n wh e n h e h e ard o f any chi e f with d au ght e r s H e s o u ght t o l e ar n ab o u t th e m privily Y e t c o u ld no t fi nd am o ng t h e w e althy th ane s O ne fit t o b e affi n e d t o F ar idu n Thi s s hr e w d and h o ly m an at l e ngth r e ach e d S arv Th e m o narch o f Y am an— with wh o m h e fo u n d Th e o bj e ct o f h is s e arch — th re e m aid e ns s u ch A s F aridu n r e qu ir e d With s t at e ly s t e p A s tw e r e a ph e as ant p aci ng t o w ard a r o s e H e c am e t o S arv and h av i ng ki s s e d t h e gr ou nd E xpl ai ne d h is c o m i ng pr ai s e d t h e ki ng and s aid Fo r e v e r liv e e x alt e d s o v e r e ig n Th o u c e as e l e s s lu s t re o f t h e cr ow n and thr o ne Th e ki ng s aid : Be thy pr ai s e in e v e ry m o u th Wh at is thy m e s s ag e ? Wh at are thy c o m m and s ? Art th ou am b as s ad o r o r pri ncip al ? J and al r e pli e d : M ay e v e ry j o y b e thi ne A nd e v e r far fr o m th e e t h e h and o f ill I c o m e as s o m e p o o r h e ath e n t o c o nv e y A m e s s ag e fr o m Ira n Gr e at Faridim Th o u as k s t my b u s i ne s s S al u t e th th e e by m e I ans w e r : Mighty Faridii n applau de t h th e e A nd gr e at are th e y wh o m h e d e s pi s e th no t H e s aid : S ay t o t h e m o narch o f Y am an S o l o ng as m u s k h ath s c e nt p e rfu m e t h e thr o ne Be thy gri e fs s c att e r e d and thy w e alth am as s e d A nd e v e r ki ng o f Ar ab s m ays t th o u b e S afe g u ard e d by t h e s t ar s fr o m all m i s h ap Wh at thi ng is th e r e m o r e s w e e t th an life and childr e n ? Ye a th ey are s w e e t e r th an all e l s e b e s id e Fo r no ne is d e ar e r th an a child th at b o nd I f any m an I s as no o th e r b o nd H ath thr e e e y e s I p o s s e s s th e m in my s o ns But kno w th at th e y are b e tt e r s till th an e y e s Wh at s aid For th o s e th at l o o k o n th e m giv e th ank s ,
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1
TH E S H A HN A M A
80
OF
PI RDA 11 5 1
A nd Faridim
h ath s e n t an e mb as s ag e To s pre ad a g o o dly s nar e b e fo r e my fe e t ; H e w o u ld d e priv e m e o f th e s e Ey e s o f m i ne A nd I w ou ld fai n c o ns u lt th e r e o n with y o u Th e am b as s ad o r s aith th u s : Thu s s aith t h e S hah I h av e thr e e pri n c e s w h o ad o r n m y thr o ne A nd s e e k fo r fav o u r and affi nity With th e e by m arri ag e wi t h thy virt u o u s d au ght e r s I f I S h all ans w e r Y e s and m e an it no t Twill b e a lie ; t o lie is no t for ki ngs ; If I s h all acqu ie s c e in h is r e q u e s t My h e art will b e o n fi re m y fac e all t e ar s ; A nd if I s h all r e fu s e m y h e art will fe e l H is v e nge anc e — no t a m att e r fo r a j e s t Fr o m o ne wh o is t h e m o narch o f t h e w o rld ; A nd tr av e ll e r s t o o h av e h e ard o f wh at Z ahh ak H ath s u ffe r e d fr o m him N o w advi s e m e w e ll Th e v e t e r an v ali an t chi e fs th u s m ad e r e ply We di s appr o v e o f v e e ring t o e ach gu s t Be F ar idu n h o w e v e r gr e at a ki ng N o e arri nge d S l av e s are w e b u t s ay ou r s ay A nd t ak e t h e c o ns e q u e nc e Tis o u r s t o h andl e Th e bridl e and t h e l anc e w e m ak e t h e e arth A wi ne fat with o u r s w o rd s w e m ak e t h e air A r e e d b e d with o u r s p e ar s I f thy thr e e childr e n A re h e ld s o d e ar u nl o ck thy tr e as u ry A nd s h u t thy lip s ; o r if th o u wilt u s e cr aft Bu t fe ar e s t F aridu n m ak e s u ch d e m and s Th at none s h all e v e r h e ar t h e like ag ain Th e ki ng h e ard whil e t h e C hi e ft ai ns s aid th e ir s ay Bu t fe lt no l e s s u nc e rt ai n o f his w ay ’
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F A R I D ( IN
§ H o w the King
3
Yaman
f
o
‘
a ns we re d
J andal
At l e ngth h e c all e d t h e S hah s am b as s ad o r A nd s p ak e t o h im at l arg e in gr aci o u s w o rd s I am t h e s e rvan t o f thy l o rd ; in all That h e c o mm ande th m e will I o b ey Th u s s ay t o h im : E x alt e d as th o u art S till thy thr e e s ons are pr e ci o u s u nt o th e e ; An d ki ngs e s t e e mt h e ir o w n s o ns v e ry pr e ci o u s Wh e n th e y are s u ch as o rnam e nt t h e thr o ne I gr an t wh at th o u h as t s aid I t o o h av e childr e n A nd j u dg e by th e m ; y e t if t h e m ighty S hah W e r e t o r e q u ir e m i ne e y e s o f m e o r as k Th e ki ngd o m o f Yam an and d e s e rt trib e s I t w e r e o f l e s s e r m o m e n t th an fo r m e To ne v e r l o o k u p o n my childr e n m o r e ; h wis h this I m ay no t w alk S till if t h e S ha S av e as h e bidd e t h m e and my thr e e childre n I f s o h e will s h all c e as e t o b e my kin ; Bu t wh e n s h all I b e h o ld th o s e pri n c e ly s o ns Wh o are t h e l u s tr e o f thy cr o w n and t hr o ne ? Le t th os e bli t h e y o u th s c o m e hith e r and ill u m e My gl o o my s o u l ; t o s e e t h e m will r e jo ic e My h e art and I will c o n te m pl at e th e ir s hre wd ne s s ; Th e n I will giv e t o t he m my thr e e bright Ey e s F urth e r mo re A cc o rdi ng t o o u r c u s t o m s Wh e n I p e rc e ive th at th e y are u prigh t m e n I will j o i n h and in h and in l e ag u e with t h e m A nd wh e ns o e e r t h e S hah w o u ld s e e h is s o ns Th e y s h all r e t u r n J and al t h e s we e t v o ic e d s p e ak e r O n h e aring ki s s e d t h e thr o ne with r e v e r e n c e ’
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TH E S H A H N A M A
O F PI RDA U S I
Th e n u tt e ri ng pr ais e s hi e d h im t o h is l o rd To wh o m h e t o ld wh at h e h ad s aid and h e ard Th e m o narch b ad e h is s o ns att e nd h e s p ak e Ab o u t t h e m i s s i o n o f J and al and s aid Th e m o narch o f Y am an is ki ng o f p e o pl e s S arv is a cypr e s s thr o wi ng l e ngthy s h ad o w s H e h ath thr e e d au ght e r s — p e arls as y e t u npi e rc e d Wh o are h is cr o wn for h e h ath no t a s o n B e fo r e all thr e e o f th e m S u rus h w o u l d ki s s Th e gr o u nd I w e e n if h e m ight h av e s u ch b rid e s Th e s e I d e m and e d o f th e ir s ir e fo r y o u A nd t o o k s u ch o rd e r as b e c o m e th u s Y o u r d u ty no w will b e t o go t o h im Bu t b e dis cr e e t in all t hi ngs s m all and gr e at Be c o m pl ai s an t b u t g uard e d th e r e with al H e e d wh at h e s aith and ans w e r c o u rt e o u s ly I f h e c o ns u lt e th y o u advi s e him w e ll N o w h e ark e n t o m y w o rd s and y e s h all pr o s p e r : A m o ng t h e p e o pl e s no ne c an e qu al S arv Fo r h e is fl u e n t ard e nt s hr e w d an d p u r e All o w h im no t t o fi nd y o u o ff y o u r g u ard Th e fir s t day Fo r wi s e m e n w o rk with s u btilty H e will as s ig n y o u chi e f s e at s at a fe as t Bri ng fo rth t hr e e s u n fac e d m aid s lik e g arth s in s pri ng A l l fu ll o f gr ac e o f c o l o u r and p e rf u m e A nd s e at th e m o n t h e thr o n e th e s e Cypr e s s e s I n h e ight and in app e ar an c e s o alik e Th at no ne c o u ld t e ll th e ir o rd e r as t o age N o w o f th e s e thr e e t h e y o u ng e s t will w alk fi rs t Th e e ld e s t l as t t h e o th e r in t h e m id s t g will pl ac e t h e y o u nge s t m aid b e s id e Th e kin Th e e ld e s t y o u t h b e s id e t h e y o u ng e s t pri n c e Th e e ld e s t m ai d a nd p air t h e m id in age K no w fo r t is w o rth y o u r whil e th at h e will as k H o w r ang e y e in r e s p e ct o f age th e s e d am s e l s ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
S arv
OF
PI RDA o s r
k e d t h e e ld e s t prin c e : Which is t h e y ou ng e s t O f th e s e thr e e S t ar s which is t h e m id in age A nd w hi ch t h e e ld e s t ? Thu s di s ti ng u i s h th e m Th e y ans w e r e d as th e y h ad b e e n t au ght and s o S e w e d u p t h e e y e lid s o f h is cr aft whil e h e A nd all his w arri o r s w e r e l o s t in w o nd e r H e s aw th at his in v e r s i o n nau ght av ail e d Y e a and p air e d t h e p air s aright A nd ans w e r e d Th e i ntr o d u cti o n e nd e d in b e tr o th al Th e thr e e pri n c e s s e s bl u s hi ng fo r th e ir fath e r W e n t fr o m t h e pr e s e n c e o f t h e thr e e y o u ng princ e s I n S w e e t c o nfu s i o n bl u s h e s o n th e ir ch e e k A nd m any a w o rd o f t e nd e rne s s t o s p e ak “
as
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H o w S arv pr oved the S o ns
f F a r i du n
by S o rcery
’
o
Th e n S arv as s e m bl e d b o o n c o m p ani o ns A nd p as s e d t h e day with m ins tr e l s wi ne and t alk Bu t h is thr e e s o ns — in law —t h e s o ns o f F aridun Dr ank no t e xc e pt t o h im Wh e n wi ne pr e vail e d A nd S l e e p and r e s t w e r e ne e d e d S ar v b ad e s e t S o m e c o u ch e s by a fo u nt ai n o f r o s e w at e r A nd th e r e t h e thr e e ill u s tri o u s ath e li ng s S l e pt in a g ard e n in a b o w e r o f r o s e s Which s c att e re d bl o s s o m s o e r th e m b u t m e anwhil e Th e s o rc e r e r king h ad th o u ght o f a d e vic e : H e l e ft t h e ro y al pl e as anc e and pr e p ar e d H is s p e ll s H e br o u ght a fr o s t and m ighty bl as t To s l ay t h e pri n c e s ; o v e r hill and pl ai n I t fr o z e s o s h arply th at t h e cr o w s gr e w nu m b Th e arch e nch an t e r Faridun s thr e e s o ns L e apt fr o m th e ir c ou ch e s at t h e gri e v o u s c o ld ; -
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F A RI D UN
by t he Gr ac e o f G o d and th e ir o w ns kill By kingly m agic and th e ir h ardih o o d O pp o s e d t h e s p e ll and k e pt t h e fr o s t aw ay N o w wh e n t h e s u n s h o ne o e r t h e m o u nt ai n t o p s S arv anxi o u s t o k no w all appr o ach e d in h as t e H is thr e e e x alt e d s o ns in law in h o p e To fi nd th e ir ch e e k s lik e l api s l az u li C o ng e al e d with fr o s t and th e ir e m pri s e d e fe at e d S o th at his d au ght e r s m ight r e m ai n t o h im A s h is m e m o ri al ; s u ch w as h is h o p e Bu t s u n and m o o n w e r e adv e r s e t o his wi s h e s Fo r h e b e h e ld thr e e pri nc e s lik e ne w m o o ns Fr e s h s e at e d o n th e ir r oy al thr o ne s and k ne w Th at s p e lls h ad fail e d h im and h is ti m e w as l o s t H e g av e an au di e n c e ; all t h e chi e fs att e nd e d H e o p e ne d and br o u ght fo rth his an ci e nt tr e as u r e s Di s cl o s ing wh at h ad b e e n s e cr e t e d l o ng A nd br o u ght t o o and c o mm itt e d t o th e ir l o rd s Thr e e m aid s s u n ch e e k e d lik e g arth s o f P ar adi s e ( N o archi m ag e e re pl an t e d pi ne s lik e th e m ) With cr o w ns and tri nk e t s igno r ant o f p ai n Unl e s s it b e a p ai n t o pl ait t h e h air Th e y w e r e thr e e ne w M o ons and thr e e w arri o r A nd
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fau lt is m ine N o t Faridii n s and m ay I ne v e r h e ar O f fe m al e i s s u e fr o m thi s r o y al s t o ck ; H e h ath a l u cky s t ar w h o h ath n o t d au ght e r s Bu t h e wh o h at h th e m h ath no s t ar t o s hi ne Th e n t o t h e as s e m bl e d s age s : Ki ngs m ay w e ll We d M o o ns B e ar wit ne s s all ! t h at I h av e giv e n My thr e e Ey e s t o th e s e m e n in l awfu l m arri age To h o ld t h e m d e ar as th e ir o w n e ye s are d e ar A nd li m n th e m lik e th e ir o w n liv e s o n th e ir h e art s
He
th o u ght with bitt e r ne s s :
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TH E S H A H N A M A
He
O F PI R DA U S I
tt e r e d thi s al o u d and th e n b e b o u nd O n m any vig o r o u s c am e l s l u s ty b ack s Th e b aggage o f t h e brid e s Y am an w as bright Wi t h g e m s Th e dau ght e r s litt e r s m o v e d in file With p ar as o l s and rich e s fi t for ki ng s S arv o rd e r e d e v e ry t hi ng and s aid far e w e ll Thu s did t h e y o u th s s e t o u t u p on th e ir w ay To F aridli n with h e art s al e rt and gay “
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go H o w F ar idii n made Tri al
f his S ons
o
Wh e n tidi ng s th at t he pri nc e s h ad r e t u r ne d R e ach e d F aridun h e w e nt t o m e e t th e m l ongi ng By t ri al o f th e ir ch ar act e rs t o e nd H is b o di ng fe ar s s o ch ange d h im t o a dr ag o n O ne th o u w o u ld s t s ay no li o n c o u ld e s c ap e Which hi s s e d and b e ll o w e d with it s j aw s aflam e A s s o o n as h e p e rc e iv e d h is thr e e s o ns ne ar Lik e s o m br e m o u nt ai ns in a cl o u d o f d u s t H e t o o thr e w d u s t ab ou t and m ade it fly Whil e e arth re e ch o e d with his b e ll o wi ng H e r u s h e d in fu ry t o w ard h is e l de s t s o n Th at pri nc e o f m any v ir t u e s w h o e xcl ai m e d N o m an o f s e ns e and wi s d o m think e th go o d ” To figh t w ith dr ag o n s Th e n h e s h o w e d his b ack A nd fl e d Th e fath e r t u r ne d t o w ard t h e ne xt H is s e c o nd s o n wh o wh e n h e s aw t h e dr ag o n S t r u ng u p h is b o w an d dr e w it s ayi ng th u s Wh e n fight is t o w ar d wh at m att e r if t h e fo e Be r o ari ng li o n o r br av e c av ali e r Bu t wh e n t h e y o u ng e s t s o n c am e u p h e l o o k e d Up o n t h e dr ag o n and cri e d o u t : Avau nt ! Th o u art a l e o p ard : w ar e t h e li o ns p ath ! ,
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TH E S H A H MA M A
OF
PI R DA
'
US I
H im name w e Tar—a
li on br av e no t e v e n A m ighty e l e ph ant c o u ld v an qu i s h him To d ar e is all t h e virt u e s in h is c as e Fo r no fai n t h e art is m as t e r o f a thr o n e Th e y o u nge s t is a m an o f s l e ight and fight O ne th at c an bi de his t i m e an d y e t b e pr o m pt H e ch o s e t h e m iddl e c o u r s e twixt d u s t and fl am e Th e pr u d e nt m an s Br ave yo u ng and s e ns ibl e H e m u s t al o ne b e pr ai s e d Be h e Ir aj A nd m ay his e nd b e all s u pr e m acy B e c au s e at firs t h e w as no t ch o l e ric B u t at t h e ti m e o f s tr e s s h is c o u r ag e gr e w I o p e n n o w m y lip s with j oy t o nam e Th e s e Ar ab d am e s with fairy c o u nt e nance s 1 a h e o f wife H e n me d t S al m Arz 11 t h e wife O f Tur Mah i A z ad a Kh ii ; t h e wife O f b l e s t Ir aj S ah i t o wh o m C ano p u s Was b u t a s l av e in b e au ty Aft e rw ards H e br ou ght a c at al o g u e e m br aci ng all Th e s t ar s withi n t h e circli ng s ph e r e o f h e av e n Wh o s e as p e ct s r e ad e r s o f t he s t ar s h ad t ak e n S pr e ad it b e fo r e h im and o b s e rv e d t h e fo rt u ne s S al m s h o r o s c o p e O f his ill u s tri o u s s o ns Was J u pit e r in S agitt ari u s N e xt c am e t h e h o r o s c o p e o f gl o ri o u s Tar Th e S u n as c e nd ant in t h e Li o n s H o u s e A pr e s ag e br av e b u t wh e n t h e S hah o b s e rv e d Th e h o r o s c o p e o f bl e s t Ir aj h e fo u nd Th e M o o n in C anc e r ; t h u s t h e s t ar s r e v e al e d A d e s tiny o f s trife and w o e Th e S h ah Was s o r e ly tr o u bl e d with a d e e p c o ld S igh P e rc e ive d th at h e av e n l o v e d no t h is bright s o u l e d s o n, A n d as h e m u s e d th e r e o n h e c o u ld n o t b e Bu t fill e d with th o u ght s o f gr av e an xi e ty A r am n D i r M ah i A ad Kh u M o n f nob l n t r ; and .
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cr e t s kno w n t h e S hah di v id e d e arth A nd m ad e thr e e r e al m s h e j o ine d R am with We s t T ara n with Chin Ar abi a wi t h Ira n H e fir s t t o o k th o u ght fo r S al m and g a v e him R um A nd all t h e W e s t c o m m andi ng h im t o l e ad A n ar m y thith e r ; s o S al m t o o k t h e thr o ne A nd all t h e W e s t s al u t e d him as l o rd N e xt F arid un as s igne d T uran t o Tli r To r u l e t h e T u rk m ans and t h e l an d o f Ch in Pr o vidi ng tr oo p s Tli r le d h is ar m y fo rth Arriv e d as s u m e d t h e s e at o f s o v e r e ignty Girt u p his l o i ns and o p e ne d wid e h is h and s Th e no bl e s s h o w e r e d u p o n h im pr e ci ou s s t o ne s A nd all T11 ran h ail e d h im as ki ng Ir aj C am e l as t t h e S i r e s e l e ct e d all Iran Fo r h im Thi s with Ar abi a and t h e thr o ne Of m aj e s ty and cr o w n o f chi e fs h e g av e Pe rc e ivi ng th at Ir aj d e s e rve d t o r u l e H o w all t h e pri nc e s pru de nt wi s e and s hr e w d All h ail e d him as t h e m as t e r o f Ir an ! A s m arc h lo rds th u s th e s e m e n o f no bl e birth Acc e d e d t o th e ir thr o ne s in p e ac e and m irth Th e s e
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M u ch ti m e r o ll e d o n whil e fat e r e s e rve d it s s e cr e t s Till wis e S hah F aridu n w as w o rn with age A nd s tr e w e d with d u s t t h e G ard e n o f h is S pr i ng ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
OF
PI RDA 11 3 1
Thi s is t h e c o m mo n lo t o f all m anki nd M an s s tr e ngth is w e ak ne s s wh e n h e gr o w e th o ld Th e n gl o o m b e g an t o g at h e r in t h e s t ate Th e pri nc e s o f t h e r e al m w ax e d t u rb u l e nt I mm e r s e d in gr e e d S al m ch ang e d in h e art and m i nd H e s at in c o ncl av e fo r h e m u ch m i s lik e d H is s ir e s app o rti o nm e n t which g av e Ir aj Th e thr o ne o f go ld I n r anc o u r and with fr o w ns H e h u rri e d o ff a c am e l p o s t an e nv o y To giv e thi s m e s s ag e t o t h e k ing o f Ch in: Liv e e ve r gl ad and h appy ! K no w gre at ki ng O f T u rk m ans and o f Ch in ! th at o u r s hr e wd h e art s Did ill t o acqu i e s c e wh e n w e w e r e wr o ng e d : Th o u gh w e are cypr e s s t all o u r s ou l s are b as e M ark with dis c e rni ng h e art this t al e o f m ine ; N o ne s u ch h ath r e ache d th e e fr o m t h e d ay s o f ’
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w e r e w e w h o gr ac e d o u r fath e r s thr o ne A nd no w t h e y o u ng e s t h ath t h e chi e fe s t pl ac e 1 S i nc e I am fir s t in wi s d o m and in y e ar s S u ch fo rt u ne d o th b e fi t m y s ig ne t ri ng Whil e if cro w n thr o ne and di ad e m s h o u ld p as s Fr o m m e O ki ng ! s h o u ld th e y no t d e ck thy s e lf ? S h all b o th o f u s c o nti nu e th u s aggri e v e d By th at i nj u s tic e which o u r fath e r did I n givi ng t o Ir aj Ira n Y am an A nd Ar aby t h e W e s t and Rum t o m e To th e e t h e w as t e s o f T u rk e s ta n and Ch in ? Th e yo u ng e s t h ath Ira n I c anno t br o o k Thi s s e ttl e m e nt ; thy fath e r mu s t b e m ad Th e m e s s ag e fill e d T11 r s br ai nl e s s h e ad with wi nd A nd s av ag e as a li o n h e r e pli e d H e e d w e ll m y w o rd s and t e ll th e m t o thy l o rd I t w as wh e n w e w e r e y ou th s 0 m os t j u s t ki ng ! Th at w e w e r e ch e at e d by o ur fath e r thu s Thr e e
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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th o u gh no e xc e ll e nc e app e are d in o ne S o th at t h e o th e r s s h o u ld b o w d o wn t o h im Ye t o ne th o u b las t e ds t with a dr ag o n s br e ath Ano th e r s h e ad th o u rais e ds t t o t h e cl o u d s On o ne thi ne e y e s r e p o s e d with j o y and h e N o w b at h t h e cr o w n and is b e s id e thy c o u ch While w e w h o are as g o o d as h e by birth A re d e e m e d u nw o rthy o f t h e r o yal thr o ne O u pright j u dg e and m o narch o f t h e w o rld M ay j u s tic e s u ch as thi s b e ne v e r bl e s s e d ! I f th e n h is w o rthl e s s h e ad s h all b e di s cr o w ne d E arth r e s c u e d fr o m his s w ay and th o u wilt giv e him S o m e c o r ne r o f t h e w o rld wh e r e h e m ay s it L ike u s in ang u i s h and o blivi on—w e ll E l s e will w e brin g t h e T u rkm an c av ali e r s A nd e ag e r w arri o r s o f Rum and Ch in A n ar my o f t h e wi e ld e r s o f t h e m ac e I n v e ng e anc e o n Ira n and o n Ir aj Th e pri e s t at thi s h ar s h m e s s ag e ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd T he n t u rne d and m o u n t e d s wift as wi nd b o rn e fl am e Wh e n h e appr o ach e d t h e c o u rt o f F aridu n A nd m ark e d t h e cl o u d c apt b u ildi ng s fr o m afar Which s tr e tch e d fr o m r ang e t o r ange whil e at t h e gat e Chi e fs s at and th o s e o f high e s t r ank b e hi nd Th e c u rt ai n o n t h e o ne s id e p ard s and li o ns Ch ai ne d o n t h e o th e r fi e rc e w ar e l e ph ant s Whil e fr om th at no bl e b and o f w arri o r s Th e no i s e th at r o s e w as lik e a li o n s r o ar and no t a c o u rt I t mu s t b e h e av e n h e th o u ght Th e tr o o p s ar o u n d it are a fairy h o s t ! Th e w ary w atch m an w e n t and t o ld t h e S hah A m an o f no bl e m i e n and high e s t at e H ath c o m e as e nv o y t o t h e S hah H e b ad e His s e rv ant s r ai s e t h e c u rt ai n and bring in ,
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v oy wh e n dis m ou nt e d t o t h e c o u rt Wh o wh e n h e s aw t h e fac e o f F aridun S aw h o w t h e S hah e ngr o s s e d all e y e s and h e art s H is s t atu r e cypr e s s lik e his fac e a s u n H is h air lik e c am ph o r and h is r o s e re d ch e e k s H is s m ili ng lip s his m o d e s t c ou nt e nanc e A nd r o y al m ou th which u tt e r e d gr aci ou s w o rd s Did r e v e re nc e and w o r e t h e gr o u nd with ki s s e s Th e S hah c o m m an d e d him t o ri s e and s it Up o n t h e s e at o f h o no u r du e t o h im Th e n as k e d h im firs t ab ou t t h e no bl e p air and n e xt E nj o y th e y h e alth and h appi ne s s ? Ab ou t hi m s e lf : Art w e ary with l o ng tr av e l O e r hill and pl ai n ? H e ans w e r e d : N o bl e S h ah ! M ay no ne b e h o ld t h e w o rld with o u t th e e ! Th os e Of wh o m th o u s p e ak e s t are as th o u w o u ld s t wi s h A nd liv e b u t by thy nam e Thy s lav e am I Alb eit all u nw o rthy and i m p u r e Th e m e s s ag e th at I bri ng t o th e e is h ars h A nd s e nt in ang e r by no fau lt o f m i ne Bu t if my l o rd c o mm and e th I will t e ll Th e m e s s ag e s e n t by t w o i m pr u d e nt y o u th s Th e S hah c o m m and e d h im t o s p e ak and h e ard Th e e m b as s ag e d e liv e r e d w o rd by w o rd Th e
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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PI RDA U S I
T e ll m ine u nh o ly and ab and o ne d s o ns s p air o f A hr im an s wi t h dr e g s o f br ain “ Thi " Tis w e ll th at y e r e v e al y o u r natu r e s thu s A nd s e nd a gr e e ti ng w o rthy o f y o u r s e l v e s ; Fo r if y o u r br ai ns are e m pty o f m y t e aching A nd y e h av e n o id e a wh at wi s d o m is N o t fe ari ng G o d y e c o u ld no t w e ll do o th e r My h air w as o nc e as bl ack as pitch my s t atu re Was cypr e s s t all my fac e w as lik e t h e m o o n Th e s k y which h ath b en t d o w n thi s b ack o f m i ne I s y e t u n fall e n and re v o lv e t h s till S o ti m e will b e nd y o u t o o and e v e n th at Which b e nd e th y o u it s e lf will no t e nd u r e N o w by t h e high e s t nam e o f h o ly G o d By y o n bright s u n and by t h e t e e m i ng gr o u nd By thr o ne by cr o wn by Ve nu s and t h e m o o n I n e v e r c as t an e vil l o o k u p o n y o u I c all e d t h e s ag e s i nt o c o nfe r e nc e Th e archi m ag e s and as tr o l o g e rs ; Ab u nd ant ti m e w as S p e nt th e r e in th at s o We m ight divid e t h e e arth with e qu ity I h ad n o o bj e ct b u t t o d e al with fairne s s ; Th e r e w as no knav e ry fr o m fir s t t o l as t My s e cr e t m o tiv e w as t h e fe ar o f G o d My l o ngi ng t o fu lfil all righte o u s ne s s ; S i nc e e arth w as giv e n t o m e fu ll o f m e n I t w as no wi s h o f m i ne t o s c att e r th e m I s aid : O n e ach o f my thr e e l u cky E y e s Will I b e s t o w a p o pu l o u s d o m i ni o n If A hri m an h at h no w s e d u c e d y o u r h e arts Fr o m m ine advic e t o d ark and c ro o k éd w ays C o ns id e r if t h e O m nip o t e n t will l o o k With appr o b ati o n o n thi s d e e d o f y o u r s O ne pr o v erb will I s p e ak if y e will h e ar Th e cr o p th at y e h av e s o wn th at s h all y e r e ap ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
1 96
PI R DA U S I
OF
H av e s h o wn th e ir r e al int e n t I f th o u wo u lds t fight M ak e r e ady o pe t h e tr e as u ry bind t h e b agg ag e ; S e c u r e t h e c u p whil e th o u art br e aki ng fas t Fo r if no t th e y will s u p o n th e e m y s o n ! Th o u ne e ds t no t e arthly h e lp e rs thi ne alli e s A re tr u th and inno c e n c e Th e go o d Ir aj G az e d o n th at l o v i ng S hah h is gl o ri ou s s ire My l o rd ! c o ns id e r h o w ti m e p as s e th A nd s aid : Lik e win d ab o v e u s Why S h o u ld w is e m e n fr e t I t with e r e th t h e ch e e k o f c e rci s bl o o m I t d ark e ne th t h e r adi an t S pirit s e y e s ; I t is at fi rs t a g ai n and th e n a p ai n A nd wh e n t h e p ai n is d o ne w e p as s aw ay S i n c e th e n o u r c o u ch is d u s t o u r p ill o w brick Why pl ant t o d ay a tr e e wh o s e r o o t s will e v e r Be drin ki ng bl o o d wh o s e fr u it will b e r e v e ng e Th e e arth h ath s e e n and w ill s e e m any l o rd s With s ci mit ar and thr o ne and S igne t ring Lik e u s ; b u t th e y w h o w o r e t h e cr o w n o f o ld M ad e no t a h abit o f r e v e nge I t o o Th e ki ng p e r m itti ng will no t liv e in ill I w ant n o t cr o wn an d thr o ne I will appr o ach My br o th e rs in all h as t e and u natt e nd e d A nd s ay : My l o rd s d e ar as m y s o u l and b o dy ! F o rb e ar y o u r ang e r and ab and o n s trife S trife is u nl o v e ly in r e ligi o u s m en Why s e t y o u r h o p e s s o m u ch u p o n thi s w o rld ? H o w ill it u s e d J am s hid w h o p as s e d aw ay At l as t and l o s t t h e cr o wn an d thr o ne and girdl e A nd y o u and I at l e ngth m u s t s h ar e h is lo t Liv e w e in j oy t o g e th e r and th u s s afe Fr o m fo e s I will c o nv e rt th e ir v e ng e fu l h e art s Wh at b e tt e r v e ng e anc e c an I t ak e th an th at ? .
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F A R ID UN
1 97
r e pli e d : Thy br e thr e n my wi s e s o n ! A re s e t o n figh t whil e th ou w o u ld s t hav e a fe as t I c anno t b u t r e c all thi s s aw t o m i n d I t is no m arve l if t h e m o o n is bright A n ans w e r s u ch as thine b e c o m e th w e ll Thy v irt u ou s s e lf ; th o u art fo r br o th e rh o o d A nd l o v e b u t d o th a pru d e n t m an e xp o s e H is pric e l e s s life and h e ad t o dr ag o n s br e ath S i nc e nau ght b u t bi t i ng v e no m c o m e th th e nc e By nat u r e ? Y e t if s u ch b e thy r e s o lv e T ake o rd e r fo r t h y go i ng and s e t fo rth S e l e ct a r e ti nu e am o ng t h e tr o o p s To go with th e e and I will writ e a l e tt e r With s o rr o w in m y h e art t o th o s e t w o m e n O h ! m ay thy s afe r e t u r n r ej o ic e m y s ight Fo r wh e n I l o o k o n th e e my s ou l is bright Th e S hah
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gr e at S hah wr o t e a l e tt e r t o t h e l o rd O f all t h e W e s t an d t o t h e king o f Ch in Wh e r e i n h e o ffe r e d fir s t his pr ai s e t o G o d Who is and will b e t o e t e r ni t y Thi s l e tt e r o f go o d c o u ns e l A nd t h e n w e nt o n : I s fo r t w o S u ns at th e ir m e ridi an Tw o m e n o f w e igh t and c o u r ag e k i ng s o f e art h O ne m o n arch o f t h e W e s t t h e o th e r o f Ch in Fr o m h im w h o h ath s u r v e y e d t h e w o rld thr o u gh o u t To wh o m m ys t e ri o u s thi ng s h av e b e e n di s cl o s e d Wh o b randis h e t h t h e s w o rd and m as s iv e m ac e Wh o add e th l u s tr e u nt o famo u s cr o wns Wh o t u r ne th i nt o night t h e light o f day Wh o o p e ne th t h e h o ard s o f h o p e and fe ar Th e
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1 98
TH E S H A H N A M A
P I RDA
OF
US I
wh o m all l ab o u r s h ave gro w n e as y o ne " I n wh o m all s ple ndo u r h ath di s pl ay e d its e lf I do no t as k o f y o u y o u r di ade m s Yo u r h o ard e d tr e as u r e s thr o ne s o r p al ac e s My wis h is aft e r all my w e ary t o il s Th at my thr e e s o ns s h o u ld dw e ll in p e ac e and l o ve Th e br o th e r as t o wh o m y o u r h e art s are s o r e ( Th o u gh no ne h ath fe lt a chilli ng br e ath fr o m him ) D o th c o m e in h as t e b e c au s e o f y o u r ch agrin A nd o f h is e ag e rne s s t o s e e y o u b o th H e h ath r e s ig ne d h is kin gs hip fo r y o u r s ak es A n acti o n w o rthy o f t h e no bl e s t m e n A nd t aking t o t h e s addl e fr o m t h e thr o ne H ath girt h is l o ins th at h e m ay do y o u s e r v ic e N o w s i n c e h e is t h e y o u ng e s t o f t h e thr e e H e h at h a righ t t o l o v e and t e nd e r ne s s H o ld him in h o n o u r and r e p e n t y o u r s e lv e s A s I h av e fe d h is b o dy fe e d h is s ou l A nd aft e r h e h ath b e e n with y o u awhil e S e nd m y b e l o v e d o ne b ack t o m e Th e y s e al e d Th e l e tt e r with t h e S i gne t o f t h e S hah Ir aj s e t fo rth with s u ch att e nd ant s o nly B o th y o u ng and o ld as w e r e im p e r at iv e ; A n d S al m and Tur wh e n h e w as dr awi ng nigh Unwitti ng o f th e ir d ark d e s ig n le d fo rth Th e tr o o p s t o m e e t h im as th e ir c u s t o m w as Wh e n th e y b e h e ld th e ir br o th e r s fac e o f l o v e Th e y S h o w e d t o h im an alt e r e d c o u nt e nanc e A nd b e nt o n q u arr e l g av e t h e p e ac e fu l o ne A gr e e ting b u t no t s u ch as h e d e s ir e d Tw o h e ar t s w e r e fu ll o f v e ng e anc e o ne w as c al m Th u s all thr e e br o th e r s s o u ght th e ir r oy al t e nts Th e tr o o p s s aw as th e y l o o k e d u p o n Ir aj Th at h e w as w o rthy o f t h e thr o ne and cr o w n To
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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PI R DA 11 5 1
Th e y w e nt with him i ns id e t h e t e nt Th e t alk R an o n t h e why and wh e r e fo r e o f his c o m ing Tirr s aid t o h im : S i nc e th o u art y o u ng e s t b o rn Why s h ou ld s t th o u t ak e t h e cr o w n o f p o we r ? M u s t th o u P o s s e s s t h e thr o n e o f pri n c e s and Iran Whil e I am b o nd s l ave at t h e T u rk m an s g at e ? Thi ne e ld e s t br o th e r c h afe t h in t h e W e s t Whil e th o u art cr o w ne d and w alke s t o v e r tr e as u r e Fo r th u s did o u r as piri ng s ir e app o rti o n Th e w o rld in fav o u r o f h is y o u ng e s t s o n Ir aj m ad e ans w e r in a h o li e r s tr ai n O m ighty chi e ft ai n l o ve r o f r e no w n S e e k p e ac e if th o u w o u ld s t h av e thy h e art at e as e I do no t w an t t h e r o y al cr o w n o r t hr o ne Th e s tyl e o f m o narch o r t h e Ira ni an h o s t ; I do n o t w an t Ira n t h e W e s t o r Ch in Th e ki ngs hip o r t h e br o ad e xp ans e o f e arth Wh e n m aj e s t y pro du c e t h nau ght b u t s t ri fe O ne n e e d s m u s t w e e p o e r s u ch s u pr e m acy Alth ou gh th o u ride s t o n t h e h e av e n ab o v e A brick will b e thy pill o w in t h e e nd Fo r m y p art th ou gh t h e m as t e r o f Iran I am aw e ary b o th o f cr o w n and thr o ne A nd yi e ld t o y ou t h e di ad e m and S igne t S o h at e m e no t ; th e r e is n o fe u d b e tw e e n u s I will n o t h av e N o h e art ne e d ach e thr o u gh m e Th e w o rld ag ains t y o u r will and th o u gh I dw e ll Far fr o m y o u r k e n I e v e r ac t as y o u ng e r My F aith is nau ght with o u t h u m anity Tli r h e ard t h e w o rd s and littl e h e e d e d th e m Bu t angry th at Ir aj s h o u ld s p e ak and c aring N o j o t fo r p e ac e h e r o s e u p with a cry A nd t h e n adv an cing s u dd e nly and r as pi ng g Th e m as s iv e s e at o f g o ld h e s m o t e I r aj .
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F A R I D UN
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life : H as t th o u n o fe ar O f G o d no r any r e v e r e nc e fo r thy s ir e ? S l ay m e no t I s thi s i nd e e d thy p u rp o s e Fo r in t h e e nd m y bl o o d will b e r e qu ir e d Be no t t h ou r e ck o ne d with t h e m u rd e r e r s A nd h e nc e fo rth th o u s h alt fi nd no tr ac e o f m e C ans t th o u appr o v e and r e c o ncil e th e s e t w ai n To b e a mu rd e r e r and liv e thy s e lf ? O h ! h u rt no t e e n t h e p o o r gr ai n dr aggi ng ant 1 Fo r it h ath life and s w e e t life is a j o y I will ch o o s e s o m e r e tr e at and e ar n m y br e ad Why gird thy l o i ns t o t ak e a br o t h e r s life ? Why s e t o n fi re o u r aged fath e r s h e art ? W o u ld s t h av e t h e w o rld ? T h o u h as t it S h e d bl o o d Pr o v o k e no t G o d t h e R u l e r o f t h e w o rld Tur h e ard h im s p e ak b u t ans w e r e d no t a w o rd H is h e art w as fu ll h is h e ad w as v ap o u ri ng H e dr e w a d agg e r fro m h is b o o t h e r o b e d Ir aj in bl o o d and with t h e k e e n bright bl ad e E ntr e nch e d t h e r o y al br e as t Th e l o fty Cypr e s s F e ll t h e i m p e ri al girdl e s t e ad w as br ok e n Th e bl o o d ran d o w n th at fac e o f c e r c i s bl o o m A nd th u s t h e y o u ng ill u s tri o u s m o narch di e d ! Tur with h is d agge r c u t t h e pri nc e s h e ad Fr o m t h e e l e ph anti ne fo r m and all w as o v e r 0 w o rld ! S i n c e th o u h ad s t nu r s e d him t e nde rlv Y e t did s t no t s p ar e h is life at l as t I w is N o t w h o thy s e cr e t fav o u rit e s m ay b e Bu t n e e d s m u s t w e e p fo r s u ch an ac t as thi s ,
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p t p t h i w n pr t t i nt t h m th f Ir j g in t t h ci t Z r tri c t m f killi g t t ight b i g t h cr ti f A hri m n Th c l b t d high pri t f t h P r i t h l t nt r d th M l Fir lin i t h i P nd N amah w hich m y b t k n b tt r d y f t h wi littl cr t r DZ A i 7 i B k 1
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Th o u t o o 0 man di s tr act e d and di s tr au ght Wh o s e h e art t he w o rld h ath s e ar e d and c au s e d t o bl e e d If as with th e s e r e ve ng e is in thy th ou ght T ak e w arn ing by th e s e p e r s e c u t o rs d e e d Th e y fille d t h e h e ad w ith m u s k and am b e rgri s A nd s e n t it t o t h e agé d w o rld divid e r Wi t h th e s e w o rd s L o o k u p o n thy d arli ng s h e ad Th e i nh e rit o r o f o u r fo r e fath e r s cr o wn A nd giv e it cr o w n o r thr o ne as pl e as e th th e e The r o y al and far s h ad o wi ng Tr e e h ad fall e n A nd th o s e t w o m i s cr e ant s w e n t th e ir w ay in S pl e e n O ne u nt o Ram t h e o th e r u n t o Ch in ,
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bl o o m t h e will o w s and t h e q u in c e s S aw t o o and s tr e w e d d ark d u s t u p o n t h e thr o ne I m p e ri al b u t u n princ e d and l u s tr e l e s s Whil e u p t o S atu r n r o s e t h e s o ldi e r s w ail H e cri e d Al as ! Al as ! pl u ck e d o u t his h air H e p o u r e d d o w n t e ar s h e t o r e his fac e and girt Ar o u nd h is l o in s a r o p e b e s mirch e d with bl o o d H e fir e d t h e h o u s e wh e r e in Ir aj h ad dw e lt D e s tr o y e d t h e r o s e b e d s b u r nt t h e cypr e s s tr ee s A nd cl o s e d u p o n c e fo r all t h e e y e o f j o y H e pl ac e d t h e pri nc e s h e ad u p o n his br e as t A nd s aid with h e ad t u r ne d G o d w ard : R ight e o u s J u dg e ! L o o k do w n u p o n this m u rd e r e d i nno c e nt Wh o s e s e v e r e d h e ad is h e r e b e fo r e m e no w Whil e fo r e ign li o ns h av e d e v o u r e d h is b o dy D o Th o u s o b u r n u p th o s e t w o m i s cr e ant s h e ar t s Th at th e y m ay ne v e r s e e a bright day m o r e S o pi e rc e and s e ar t h e live r s o f th e m b o th Th at e v e n b e as t s o f pr e y s h all pity th e m O h gr ant m e Th o u th at j u dg e s t r igh t e ou s ly ! S o l o ng a r e s pit e fr o m t h e day o f d e ath Th at I m ay s e e d e s c e nd e d fr o m Ir aj O ne b o r n t o fam e and gird e d t o av e ng e Le t him b e h e ad th o s e t w o i nj u ri o u s m e n A s th e y b e h e ad e d h im w h o wr o ng e d th e m no t A nd wh e n I h av e b e h e ld it le t m e go Wh e r e e arth s h all t ak e t h e m e as u r e o f m y h e ight H e w e pt th u s m any d ays and bitt e rly H is pill o w w as t h e d u s t his b e d t h e gr o u nd Until t h e h e rb ag e gr e w ab o u t his br e as t A nd b o t h th o s e l u s tr o u s e y e s o f his w e r e di mm e d H e g av e no au di e nc e b u t with o u t s u rc e as e Cri e d o u t with bitt e r ne s s : O g allant y o u th N o w e ar e r o f a cr o w n h ath e v e r di e d Th e
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F A RI D UN
th o u h as t di e d tho u fam o u s w arri o r ! Tho u wa s t b e he ad e d by vil e A hri m an ; Th e m aw o f li o ns w as thy wi ndi ng s h e e t W ail s s o b s and cri e s r o b b e d e e n t h e b e as t s Whil e m e n and w o m e n g ath e r e d int o cr o wd s I n e ve ry pr o vi nc e w e e ping and h e art br o k e n H o w m any d ays th e y s at in th e ir di s tr e s s A d e ath in life o f u tt e r h o p e l e s s ne s s ! A
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A whil e p as s e d and t h e S hah w e nt in t o v i e w Iraj s b o w e r i ns p e ct e d it and m ark e d Th e m o o n fac e d b e au ti e s w h o r e s id e d th e r e H e s aw a s l av e o f l o v e ly c o u nt e nan c e Wh o s e nam e w as Mah A frid Ir aj h ad l o ve d h e r A nd fat e d e cr e e d th at s h e s h o u ld b e ar h im fr u it Th e S hah r ej o ic e d b e c au s e s h e w as with child Which g av e him h o p e o f v e nge anc e fo r h is s o n Bu t wh e n h e r ti m e w as c o m e s h e b o r e a d au ght e r A nd h o p e d e fe rr e d h u ng h e avy o n t h e S hah H e nu r s e d t h e b ab e with j oy and t e nd e rne s s A nd all t h e fo lk b e gan t o ch e ri s h h e r A s s h e i ncr e as e d in s t at u r e and in ch ar m s Th ou w o u l ds t h av e s ai d t o h e r t h e t u li pch e cke d Th o u art Ir aj hi m s e lf fr o m h e ad t o fo o t Wh e n s h e w as o ld e no u gh t o w e d—a Pl e i ad I n c o u nt e nanc e with h air as bl ack as pitch H e r gr and s ir e ch o s e P as h ang t o b e h e r s p o u s e : P as h ang w as br o th e r s s o n t o F arid an D e s c e nd e d fr o m a no bl e anc e s try A h e r o o f t h e s e e d o f S hah J ams h id M e e t fo r t h e ki ngs hip di ad e m and thro ne A nd in thi s w ay no littl e ti m e p as s e d o n ’
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M ark wh at a w o nd e r y o n bl u e vau l t r e v e al e d Wh e n ni ne m o n th s h ad e l ap s e d ! Th at virt u o u s d am e Bro u ght fo rth a s o n fi t fo r t h e cr o w n and thr o ne Wh o fr o m his t e nd erm o th e r s w o m b w as br o u ght Witho u t d e l ay b e fo r e t h e m ighty S hah Th e b e ar e r s aid : 0 m as t e r o f t h e cr o w n ! Le t all thy h e art b e j oy : b e h o ld Ir aj Th e w o rld di v id e r s lip s w e r e fu ll o f s m il e s ; Th ou w o u ld s t h av e s aid : H is o wn Ir aj d o th liv e H e cl as p e d t h e no bl e child and pr ay e d t h e A l m ighty O h w ou ld th at I m ight h av e m i ne e y e s agai n Th at G o d w o u ld S h o w t o m e thi s i nfant s fac e H e pr ay e d s o e arne s tly th at G o d v o u ch s afe d To giv e h is s ight b ack Wh e n with o p e n e y e s H e g az e d o n th at n e w c o m e r s fac e h e cri e d Be thi s day bl e s t and o u r fo e s h e art s pl u ck e d o u t ! H e br o u ght bright wi ne and S pl e ndid c u p s and c all e d 1 i n Th at b ab e o f o p e n vi s ag e M 11 chihr Fr o m t w o p u r e p ar e nt s th e r e h ath c o m e A nd s aid : A pr o p e r br anch t o fru it H e r e ar e d t h e b ab e S o t e nd e rly th at no t a br e ath p as s e d o e r him The s l av e th at c arri e d h im u po n h e r br e as t Tr o d no t t h e gr ou nd fo r u nd e rne ath h e r fe e t Th e p u r e s t m u s k w as s tr e w n and as s h e w alk e d A s u ns h ad e o f br o c ad e w as o e r h e r h e ad Ye ar s p as s e d no ill b e fe ll h im fr o m t h e s t ar s ; M e anwhil e t h e fam o u s m onarch t au ght t h e child All th o s e acc o m plis h m e nt s th at ki ngs re qu ire .
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Wh e n th o s e t wo m i s cr e ant s S al m and Tar h ad h e ard Th e thr o ne o f ki ng o f king s is brigh t ag ai n Th e y fe are d th e ir s t ar w o u ld s ink and s at t o g e th e r I n anxi o u s th o u ght ; th o s e wr e tch e s day w as d ark e ne d A nd th e y r e s o lve d t o s e n d t o as k fo rgiv e nes s Th e y ch o s e a m an p e r s u as iv e wi s e and m o d e s t To wh o m th e y m ad e a p as s i o nat e app e al A nd fe arfu l o f a d o w n fall O p e ne d wid e Th e tr e as u ry o f t he W e s t Fr o m th at o ld h o ard Th e y ch o s e a cr o w n o f g o ld Th e y h o u s e d t h e e l e ph an t s Wh at w ag o ns did th e y fill with m u s k and am b e rgri s Br o c ad e d inars and pr e ci o u s fu r s and S ilks ! O n high ne ck e d e l e ph an t s t h e e m b as s age W e nt fr o m t h e W e s t in s t at e t o ward Iran Th e c ou rti e r s add e d t o k e ns o f r e g ard A nd wh e n th e r e w as as m u ch as h e art c o u ld wi s h Th e king s Th e e nv o y c am e pr e p ar e d t o s t art G av e h im thi s e m b as s y t o Faridti n I nvo ki ng fir s t o f all t h e nam e o f G o d M ay v ali ant Faridii n fo r e v e r live O n wh o m G o d h ath b e s t o w e d t h e r o y al Gr ac e Be his h e ad fl o u ri s hing h is p e r s o n l o v e d H is g e ni u s high e r th an h e av e n ! I pr e s e nt A c as e c o m m itt e d t o m e by t wo s l av e s At thi s high p o rt al o f t h e king o f kings K no w th at t w o ill dis p o s e d and l awl e ss m e n Who s e e y e s are w e t with s h am e b e fo r e th e ir s ire R e p e nt ant s e ar e d at h e art and mu ch t o bl am e N o w s e e k h o w b e s t th e y m ay e xc u s e th e m s e lv e s ; Till no w th e y h ad no h o p e o f b e i ng h e ard ”
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Wh at do th e y s ay Th e ir w o rd s wi s e S hah ! are th e s e : Le t him th at did t h e e v il b e ar t h e br u nt A nd live in p ai n o f h e art and s e lf r e pr o ach A S w e are d o i ng no w 0 no bl e S hah Th u s w as it writt e n do w n fo r u s by fat e A n d by d e cr e e o f fat e t h e s e qu e l c am e ; E e n w o rld c o ns u m i ng li o ns and fi e rc e dr ag o ns E s c ap e no t fro m t h e n e t o f d e s ti ny Ag ai n— th e fo u l Div b ad e u s pu t as id e All t e rr o r o f t h e Wo rldlord fr o m o u r h e art s H e t o o k p o s s e s s i o n o f t w o wi s e m e n s br ai ns A nd m ightily pr e v ail e d ag ai ns t u s b o th ; A nd n o w o u r h o p e is th at p e rch an c e t h e S hah M ay y e t fo rgiv e u s and i m p u t e t h e wr o ng To ign o r anc e in u s ne xt t o high h e av e n Th at is at o nc e o u r s h e lt e r and o u r s c ath A nd thirdly t o t h e Div th at in o u r m id s t I s gird e d r u nne r like t o w o rk u s ill N o w if t h e gr e at king s h e ad no l o ng e r h arb o u re t h R e ve nge o n u s o u r go o d faith s h all b e e vid ent Le t h im s e nd M innc h ih r and as an e s c o rt A m ighty ar my t o his s u ppli ant s With thi s i nt e nt th at w e m ay s t and as S l av e s B e fo r e h im d u tifu lly ; th u s o u r t e ar s M ay w as h lt h e tr e e th at s pr ing e th o f r e v e ng e O u r o ffe ri ng s h all b e o u r t e ar s and gr o ans A nd wh e n h e gr o w e th u p o u r h o ard s and thr o ne s ,
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Ch arg e d with th e s e w o rd s and d ou bti ng wh at w ou l d fo ll o w Th e e nv o y r e ach e d t h e p o rt al o f t h e S hah With tr e as u r e s o f all ki nd s o n e l e phants ,
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Wh e n Faridim w as t o ld h e g av e c o mm and To s pr e ad br o c ad e o f R11 m u p o n t h e thro ne O f ki ng o f ki ng s and h av e t h e r o yal cr o wn Pr e p ar e d th e n t o o k h is s e at as h e h ad b e e n A n u pright cypr e s s n e at h a fu ll o rb e d m o o n I n fitti ng s t at e with cr o w n and t o rqu e and e ar r i ng s Bl e s t M inachih r s at by h im cr o w ne d t h e no bl e s S t o o d r ank e d in d o u bl e fi le in r o b e s o f g o ld With g o ld e n m ac e and girdl e m aki ng e arth Ano th e r s u n O n o ne S id e p ard s and li o ns W e r e ch ai ne d o n t h e o th e r h u g e w ar e l e ph ant s Th e n fr o m t h e p al ac e i s s u e d b o ld S h apii r To i ntr o d u c e S al m s e nv o y w h o o n s e e i ng Th e p al ac e g at e alight e d and ran fo rw ard A s s o o n as h e dr e w n e ar t o F aridii n A nd s aw t h e di ad e m and l o fty thr o ne H e b e n t u nt il h is vi s ag e t o u ch e d t h e gr o u nd Th e no bl e S hah t h e m o narch o f t h e w o rld B ad e h im b e s e at e d o n a g o ld e n s e at H e did o b e i s anc e t o t h e S hah and s aid O gl o ry o f t h e cr o w n and thr o ne and S igne t Thy thr one s s t e p s m ak e t h e e arth a r o s ary A nd thy fair fo rt u ne b righ t e ne t h t h e age We s e rv e t h e d u s t th at is b e ne ath thy fe e t A nd o nly liv e s i nc e th o u wilt h av e it s o Th e s e pr ai s e s c au s e d t h e S hah s fac e t o r e l ax Wh e r e at t h e e nvo y s p ak e o f cl e m e ncy With gr e at cr aft and t h e S hah gav e e ar t o him Whil e h e r e p e at e d th o s e t w o m u rd e r e r s w o rd s E nd e av o u ri ng t o k e e p t h e tr u th c o nc e al e d A n d m ak e e xc u s e s fo r th e ir wick e d ne s s I nviting M inuch ih r t o vis it th e m Wh e n th e y w o u ld w ait u p o n him as h is s l av e s Give h im t h e cr o w n and thr o ne o f maj e s ty '
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ght r e v e nge fo r h im as y e t B e c au s e I s aw t h e b ack o f fo rt u ne be nt : I t s e e m e d no t g o o d t o m e t o lay m y h and s I n b attl e o n m i ne o w n t w o s o ns ; b u t n o w Fr o m th at s am e Tr e e which e ne m i e s h av e fe ll e d A fr u itfu l O ffs h o o t h ath s pr u ng u p ; fo r lik e A n angry li on M imichih r S h all c o m e With l o ins girt r e ady t o av e ng e his s ir e T o g e th e r with t h e l e ad e r s o f t h e tr o o p s S u ch chi e fs as S am t h e s o n o f N arim an G ars h as p s o n o f J am s h id— and h o s t s t o r e ach Fr o m hill t o hill and tr ampl e d o wn t he w o rld N e xt fo r th e ir pl e adi ng th at t h e S hah m u s t w as h H is h e art fr o m v e ng e an c e and fo rgiv e o u r cri m e B e c au s e t h e s k y s o t u rn e d o e r u s th at wi s d o m Was tr o u bl e d and affe cti o n s s e at o b s c u r e d I h av e h e ard all t h e u nav aili ng pl e a A n d n o w th at p ati e n c e is fo rd o ne I ans w e r N 0 m an th at s o w e th s e e d o f vi o l e nc e S h all s e e go o d d ay s o r j o c u nd P aradi s e h o ly G o d I f y e are p ard o ne d by All — Wh at ne e d y e fe ar ab o u t a br o th e r s bl o o d Th e wi s e e s t e e m t h e s e lf e xc u s e r gu ilty R e ve r e y e no t t h e gl o ri o u s L o rd o f all ? Y o u r h e art s are bl ack y o u r t o ngu e s s p eak gl o z ing w o rd s ; H e will r e qu it e y o u fo r it in b o th w o rld s A nd thirdly s i nc e y e s e nt an iv o ry thr o ne A n d t o rqu o is e cr o w n o n m ighty e l e ph ant s With p u r s e s fu ll o f div e r s c o l o u r e d g e m s A m I t o b alk r e v e ng e t o w as h aw ay Th e bl o o d and s e ll t h e pri nc e s h e ad fo r go ld ? N ay ! p e ri s h fir s t thr o ne di ad e m and Gr ac e ! Wo r s e th an a drag o n s o ffs pring is t h e m an Who t ak e th m o ne y fo r a pric e l e s s h e ad No
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Fo r t is t h e j o c u nd S pri ng o f P ar adis e Whe r e gr o u n d is am b e rgri s and brick s ’
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T o w ard t h e d e s e rt th u s advi s ing h im A y o u th pr e d e s ti ne d t o b e fo rt u nat e M ay h app e n t o e ns n ar e a m o u nt ain s h e e p Whil e h u nt e rs are b e fo r e and p ard s b e hi nd ; Bu t h aving p atie nc e pr u d e n c e s e ns e and wit s H e will t ak e s av ag e li o ns in h is t o ils A nd n o w m y fo e s in th e s e m y cl o s ing d ays I w o u l d ch as ti s e and wi e ld a s w o rd o f fi re Gr e at S hah ! s aid M imich ih r m ay fat e k e e p ill Fo r any fo e th at c o m e th t o att ack th e e ; M ay h e be tr ay hi m s e lf b o th s ou l and b o dy Lo ! I will do n a c o at o f E li m an m ail To l e av e no p art e xp o s e d and th e n in q u e s t O f v e ng e anc e o n t h e b attl e fi e ld will s e nd Th e d u s t o f y o n h os t s u n w ard N o ne o f th e m H o ld I a m an : d ar e th e y c on t e nd with m e ? H e o rd e r e d th at Kar an w h o l o v e d t h e fr ay S h o u ld cr o s s t h e fr o nti e r t o t h e d e s e rt t ak ing Th e c am p e n cl o s u r e and t h e i m pe ri al s t and ard Th e n as tr o o p fo ll o w e d tr o o p t h e hill s and pl ain s H e av e d lik e t h e s e a t h e day w as d ark with d u s t Th e s u n is az u r e dim A n d th o u h ad s t s aid : A cl am o u r r o s e e nou gh t o d e afe n e ar s Th o u gh k ee n t h e ne ighin g o f t h e Arab s t e e d s R o s e high ab o v e t h e ty m b al s din Tw o line s O f m ighty e l e ph ant s s tr e tch e d fr o m t h e c am p Fo r t w o m il e s s ixty c arri e d s e at s o f go ld I nl aid wi t h g e m s thr e e h u ndr e d bo r e t h e b aggage Thr e e hu ndr e d w e r e in iro n p ano ply Th at hid all b u t th e ir e y e s Th e y l e ft Tamm is h a A nd b o r e t h e c am p e n cl o s u r e t o t h e w as t e Kar an t h e av e ng e r w as t h e g e ne ral Th e h o s t thr e e h u ndr e d th o u s and c av ali e r s Th e me n o f nam e m arch e d m ail e d with m as s iv e m ac e ,
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All b o ld as angry li o ns and all gird e d Fo r ve ng e anc e fo r Ir aj t h e ir s t e e l bl u e s w o rd s W e r e in th e ir h and s and Kawa s s t and ard le d th e m 1 T h e n M inuc hih r with h im w h o l o ve d t h e fr ay K ar an w e nt fr o m t h e fo r e s t o f Narw an R e vi e w e d and r ang e d h is h os t o n th o s e br o ad pl ains H e g av e t h e ar m y s l e ft wi ng t o G ars h as p ; Up o n t h e right w as br ave S am with K u bad W h o s e t t h e b attl e in array Th e princ e With S arv w as in t h e c e n tr e wh e nc e h e s h o ne M o o n like o r as t h e s u n o e r s o m e high hill Le d by K ar an with ch am pi o ns s u ch as S alm K u bad w as s c o u t Th e ira ni an ar m y fo ught Th e h e r o e s o f t h e h o u s e o f T al im a n We r e am b u s cad e r s and t h e h o s t w as d e ck e d I n brid al tri m with li o n w arri o r s A nd din o f dr u m s M e n b o r e t h e ne w s in h as t e Th e Ira ni ans ar m e d fo r figh t To Tur and S al m A re m archin g t o w ar d t h e d e s e rt fr o m t h e fo r e s t Th e ir liv e r s bl o o d afo am u p o n th e ir lip s Th at p air o f m u rd e r e r s with a h u g e arr ay S e t fo rth i nt e nt o n v e nge anc e and dr e w u p Th e ir h o s t u p o n t h e pl ai n : th e y m ad e t h e Ala ns K u bad t h e s c o u t ad v anc e d A nd s e a th e ir b as e A nd Tur o n h e ari ng th at c am e fo rth lik e wind R e t u r n t o M inuc hih r A nd s aid t o h im : Th o u b as t ard j u s t m ad e S hah A nd s ay t o h im Wh at th ou gh th e r e w as a d au ght e r t o Ir aj V H as t th o u a right t o S igne t cr o w n and thr o ne Ye a I will t ak e thy m e s s age s aid K u bad I n thine o wn w o rd s and s t yl e b u t th ou wilt qu ak e To thin k h e r e aft e r o f this m o ns tr o u s s p e e ch Twill no t b e s tr ange if e ve n s avag e b e as ts -
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B e w ail y o u day and night fo r fr o m Narw an To Ch in are w arlik e v e ng e fu l c av ali e r s A gli m p s e o f o u r bright s w o rd s and Kaw a s s t and ard Will m ak e y o u r h e art s and br ai ns b u r s t in di s m ay Y e will no t k no w a v all e y fr o m a hill Tur h e ard and t u r ne d aw ay in s il e nt du dg e o n Whil e bl e s t K u bad w e nt b ack t o M inuch ih r A nd t o ld t h e i ns u lting w o rd s Th e y ou ng pri nc e l au gh e d N o ne b u t a fo o l h e s aid w o u ld t alk lik e thi s Bu t pr ai s e t o H im —t h e L o rd o f b o th t h e w o rld s Who kno we th all things s e cr e t o r r e v e al e d 1 H e k no w e th th at m y gr and s ir e w as Ir aj A s bl e s s e d F ar idu n as s u re t h m e Bu t wh e n I s h o w m y p e r s o n in t h e fight My birth and pr o w e s s will appr o v e th e m s e l v e s N o w by t h e Gr ac e o f H im w h o r u l e th s u n A nd m o o n I will no t l e av e Tur p o w e r t o wi nk Bu t s h o w his tr u nkl e s s h e ad t o all t h e h o s t I will av e ng e my bl e s sed s ir e u p o n h im A nd t u r n his ki ngd o m u p s id e d o w n H e c e as e d A nd i s s u e d o rd e r s t o pr e p ar e a fe as t ,
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Th e n M inuchih r wr o t e t o S h ah F ar idun Ab ou t t h e w ar—it s fo rt u ne s g o o d and ill A nd fir s t h e s p ak e o f H im w h o m ad e t h e w o rld Th e L o rd o f g o o d ne s s p u rity and j u s tic e Pr ai s e t o t h e Wo rldlo rd wh o h ath s u cc o u r e d u s M e n fi nd no o th e r h e lp e r in th e ir s tr ait s H e is t h e G u id e h e m ak e th h e a rt s r ej o ic e A nd ch ang e t h no t thr o u gh o u t e t e rnity N e xt pr ai s e s b e t o no bl e F ar idun Th e l o rd o f cr o wn and m ac e p o s s e s s e d o fj u s tic e Th e F aith and Gr ac e cr o wn and i m p e ri al thr o ne H is fo rt u ne is t h e s o u rc e o f right e o u s ne s s H is thr o ne o f b e au ty and o f e xc e ll e nc e ,
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x 14
TH E S H A H N A M A
OF
P I RDA U S i
By virt u e o f t hy Gr ac e I r e ach e d Turan Arr aye d t h e h o s t and fo u ght by day and night Thric e fi e rc e ly in t w o d ay s I h e ard th at Tur D e s ig ne d a night att ack and w anti ng p o w e r R e li e d o n cr aft ; s o I arr ange d an am bu s h A nd l e ft him n o t hi ng b u t t h e wi nd t o cl u tch H e fl e d I fo ll o w e d and o e rt ak ing him Pi e rc e d thr o u gh h is ar m o u r with a j av e li n A nd t o o k h im fr o m h is s addl e like t h e wi nd I fl u ng him as I w o u ld a s e rp e n t d o w n A nd fr o m h is w o rthl e ss b o dy s m o t e t h e h e ad Which lo I s e nd m y gr and s ir e and fo rthwith Will s e t ab o u t a s tr at ag e m fo r S al m S i nc e Tur h ad pl ac e d withi n a g o ld e n c as k e t H is r o y al br o th e r s h e ad in fo u l c o nt e m pt A nd h ad no r u th o r r e v e r e nc e fo r h im G o d Wh o m ad e t h e w o rld d e liv e r e d Tur t o m e A nd I h av e s l ain him as h e s l e w lraj ; A nd will lay w as t e h is r e al m and dw e lli ng pl ac e Th e l e tt e r d o ne h e s e nt a c ame l e e r Wh o s p e d lik e wind with ch e e ks s u ffu s e d with s h ame A nd h o t t e ar s in h is e y e s fo r F ar idu n H o w s h ou ld h e lik e t o b e t h e c arri e r O f Tur s h e ad t o t h e m o narch o f Ira n ? Th o u gh d e ad s o ns w e r e p e rve r s e th e ir fath e rs m o u r n th e m ; Bu t as t h e cri m e w as gr e at and u n pr o v o k e d A nd as t h e av e ng e r w as b o th y ou ng and br av e Th e m e s s e nge r appr o ach e d with c o nfid e nc e A nd l aid t h e h e ad o f Tur b e fo r e t h e S hah W h o pr aye d t o G o d t h e right e ou s J u dg e t o p o u r O n M in uc h ih r h is bl e s s i ngs e v e r mo r e ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
'
O F FI R DA U S I
Di s g u i s e d as e nvo y t o t h e c as t e ll an To s h o w t o h im t h e S ig ne t ri ng o f Tur “Th e n I am in t h e c as tl e I will r ai s e Th e s t and ard and will m ake t h e bl u e s wo rd s gl e am Appr o ach y e th e n t h e h o ld and wh e n I s h o u t M ak e o ns e t and lay o n H e l e ft t h e h o s t H ard by t h e h o ld whil e h e hi m s e lf ad v anc e d A n d wh e n h e r e ach e d t h e c as tl e t o ld h is t al e S h o w e d t o t h e c as t e ll an Tur s S igne t r i ng A nd s aid : I c o m e fr o m Tur w h o b ad e m e no t S t o p t o dr aw br e ath and s aid : G o t o t h e c as t e ll an Be w atchfu l day and night A nd s ay t o h im : S h ar e b o th in w e al and w o e g u ard w e ll t h e c as tl e Be vigil ant and if S hah M inuch ih r S h all s e nd his tr o o p s and s t and ard g ai ns t t h e h o ld A s s is t e ach o th e r and pu t fo rth y o u r s tr e ngth ; A nd m ay y e o v e rthr o w t h e e ne m y Th e c as t e ll an h e ar d thi s and r e c o g ni s e d Th e s ig ne t ri ng ; th e y o p e d t h e c as tl e g at e s H e s aw t h e s e e m i ng b u t h e s aw no m o r e M ark h e r e t h e r u s tic p o e t s m o r ali s i ng N 0 o ne b u t H e al o ne w h o pl ac e d t h e h e art Withi n c an s e e it s s e cr e t s Be o u r p art To l ab ou r at t h e d u ty o f t h e day ; S o b e t h e g o o d and e vi l wh at th e y m ay Mi ne o nly d u t y is t o s ay m y s ay Th e c as t e ll an re e nt e r e d with Kar an Wh o l o v e d t h e fight t he gu il e l e s s with t h e gu il e ful Thi s chi e ftain th o u gh pr e p ar e d fo r s tr at ag e m s S e al e d fri e nd s hip with a s tr ang e r and in fo lly G av e b o th h is h e ad and c as tl e t o t h e wi nd s H e th u s addr e s s e d h is s o n—a w arri o r p ard My s o n wh o art s o s kilfu l and adr o it ! Do no t hing r as hly and in ig no ranc e -
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225
p o nd e r w e ll and m ark fr o m fir s t t o l as t Th e h o ni e d w o rd s o f o ne th at is a s tr ang e r Es p e ci ally in ti m e s o f w ar and s trife S e arch w e ll and liv e in dr e ad o f am b u s c ad e s L o o k d e e ply wh at s o e e r t h e m att e r b e A nd h o w a chi e ft ain s hr e wd o f i nt e ll e ct By l e av ing s o m e s m all d e t ail u ne xpl o r e d A nd no t c o ns id e ri ng t h e fo e me n s cr aft M ay r e nd e r u p h is fo rtr e s s t o t h e wind s At br e ak o f day Kar an w h o l o v e d t h e fight S e t u p a s t and ard lik e t h e m o o n fu ll o rb e d ; H e s h o u t e d and m ad e s ignal s t o S h irw i S h irwi p e rc e ivi ng A nd his e x alt e d chi e fs Th e r o y al s t andard m ad e t o w ard t h e h o ld S e i z e d o n t h e gat e thr e w in h is tr o o p s an d cr o w ne d Th e chi e fs wi th bl o o d H e r e w as Kar an and th e r e S h irw i t h e s w o rd ab o v e t h e s e a b e l o w By no on t h e c as tl e s fo r m and c as t e ll an s H ad v ani s h e d Th o u c ou lds t s e e a cl o u d o f s mo k e Bu t s hip and c as tl e w e r e i nvi s ibl e Fir e bl az e d win d bl e w r o s e h o rs e m e n s s h ou t s and cri e s Fo r h e lp At s u ns e t h o ld and pl ain w e r e l e v e l A nd twic e s ix th o u s and o f t h e fo e w e r e s l ain A pitchy r e e k r o s e o e r a pitchy s h o r e A nd all t h e s u rfac e o f t h e w as t e ran g o r e Bu t
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§
24
H ow K ctkwt, the Gr andso n th e
f Z akhah
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fram ans '
Kar an r e t u rne d and t o ld t h e pri nc e wh o s aid M ay h o r s e and m ac e and s addl e ne e r l ack th e e Wh e n th o u h ads t g o ne ano th e r h o s t appr o ach e d Le d by a you ng and b attl e l o ving chi e f ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
OF
o f Z ah h a k , and
PI RDA U S I
’
c all e d I h e ar K akw i—an i nfi de l—with h au ghty h o r s e m e n A nd m e n o f n am e a h u ndr e d th ou s and s tr o ng A nd s l au ght e r e d m any o f o u r li o n w arri o r s S al m no w is b e nt o n fight s i n c e thi s ally 1 a o m t o H th c e h e lp h im fr o m G ang i Diz hh u kh t Th e y t e ll m e th at h e is a warlik e di v I n b attl e u napp all e d and s tr o ng o f h and I h av e no t r e ach e d h im in t h e c o m b at y e t N o r t a e n hi s m e as u r e with t h e w arri o r s m ac e Bu t wh e n h e c o m e th n e xt t o fight with u s I will e s s ay h im an d will try his w e ight Kar an r e pli e d : O pri nc e ! w h o c an c o nfr o nt th e e I n b attl e ? I f h e w e r e a p ard h is s ki n W o u ld bu r s t u p on h im at t h e th ou ght o f fight Wh o is Kak w i ? Wh at is Kak w i ? Thy fo e s Will ne v e r pl ay t h e m an I will d e vis e A s hr e wd d e vic e in thi s e m e rg e n cy Th at no ne lik e vil e Kak wi m ay e v e r c o m e H e nc e fo rth t o fight u s fr o m Gang i Diz hhu k h t Be n o t c o n c e r ne d Th e n o bl e pri nc e r e pli e d : Th o u art e xh au s t e d wit h thy l at e e xpl o it Thy m archi ng and r e v e ng e it is m y t u rn To do t h e fighti ng : br e ath e awhil e gr e at chi e f Th e din o f tr u m p and pip e ar o s e with o u t Th e ty m b als s ou nd e d and t h e h o rs e m e n s du s t M ad e air pitch bl ack and e arth lik e e b o ny Th o u w o u ld s t h av e s aid : Th e s e Di am o nd s h ave life Th e s e m ac e s and th e s e j av e lins h av e t o ngu e s ! S h o u t s r o s e ar o u nd and arr o w s fl e dge d t h e air L ike v u lt u r e s wi ngs blo o d gr o u t e d h and t o hilt A nd S pu rt e d fr o m t h e m u rk ; th o u w o u ld s t h av e s aid Th e e arth will ri s e in w av e s and wh e l m t h e s k y A gr and s o n
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TH E S H A H N A M A ‘
OF
PI RDA U S I
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gu ilty o f t h e bl ack e s t cri me Wh o mu rde re ds t thy bro th e r fo r his cr o w n H as t th o u o bt ai ne d it ? Whith e r wilt th o u fl e e ? I bri ng th e e no w 0 ki ng a cr o w n and thr o ne Th e r o y al Tr e e h ath c o m e t o b e ari ng fr u it Fly no t t h e thr o ne o f gr e at ne s s ! F aridun H ath go t a ne w t hr o ne r e ady fo r thi ne u s e Th e tr e e which th o u h as t pl an t e d b e ar e th n o w A nd thy br e as t s h all r e c e i ve t h e pr o d u c e o f it I f th o r ns t h e tr e e w as pl an t e d by thy s e lf ; I f p ai nt e d s ilk t h e w e aving w as thi ne o w n A s th u s h e s p ak e h e u rg e d his s t e e d al o ng A nd in ano th e r m o m e nt o v e rt o o k A nd cl av e t h e ki ng asu nd e r fr o m t h e ne ck Th e n b ad e t h e h e ad b e s e t u p o n a s p e ar Whil e all ad m ir e d h is m ight and w arlik e arm S al m s tr o o p s w e r e s c att e r e d lik e a fl o ck by s no w A nd w and e r e d ai m l e s s ly in c o m p ani e s A m id t h e w as t e s t h e c av e rn s and t h e hills Th e y b ad e o ne w ary wi s e and e l o qu e nt To go t o M inuc h ih r fo rthwith and s ay We are thy s u bj e ct s all O n th e ir b e h alf : A nd o nly tr e ad t h e e arth t o do thy will A m o ng u s th e r e are s o m e p o s s e s s e d o f h e rd s To fight A nd s o m e o f tilth and p al ac e s W as no t o u r i nt e r es t b u t o u r ki ng s c o mm and ; We c am e as s o ldi e r s no t t o s e e k r e v e ng e We are t h e S hah s s l av e s no w and b o w o u r h e ads I f h e will e th To do h is will and pl e as u r e R e ve nge and bl o o d s h e d w e c an b u t s u b mit We all are g u iltl e s s and w e all c o m e in S o le t him do as s e e m e th g o o d t o h im Fo r h e is m as t e r o f o u r g u iltl e s s liv e s Thu s s p ak e t h e s ag e t h e chi e f in w o nd e r ans w e r e d I c as t m y p as s i o ns and e x alt m y nam e Th o u
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FA R I D (TN ’
2 29
G o d s is A hri m an s and e vil Be all s u ch b ani s h e d fr o m my s ight and m ay Th e d ivs b e p u ni s h e d fo r th e ir s i ns Y e all A re e ith e r fo e s o r fri e nds and m ine alli e s Bu t inno c e n t and g u ilty b o th are s p ar e d S i nc e G o d h ath giv e n u s vict o ry Tis t h e day O f j u s tic e wr o ng h ath c e as e d t h e l e ad e r s h e ad s A re s afe fr o m falli ng no w S e e k br o th e rh o o d A nd u s e it for a ch ar m pu t o ff fr o m y o u Th e i m pl e m e nt s o f w ar b e wi s e and p u r e I n F aith s e c u r e fr o m ill and b ani s h v e ng e anc e N o w in y o u r dw e lli ng s wh e r e s o e e r th e y b e I n Chin Turan o r in t h e l a nd o f R um Le t all t h e virt u e s fo r m y o u r p e d e s t al A nd b e y o u r h o m e s th o s e o f e nlight e ne d m i nd s Th e gr e at chi e fs pr ai s e d th at no bl e u pright pri nc e A nd pr o cl am ati o n i s s u e d fr o m h is t e nt Y e p al adi ns wh o s e c ou ns e l pr o s p e r e th ! S h e d no m o r e ne e dl e s s bl o o d t h e tyr ant s fo rt u ne s A re o v e rthr o w n Th e n all t h e tr o o p s o f Ch in F e ll pr o s tr at e br o u ght th e ir ar m s and g e ar o f war To M inuch ih r and as th e y p as s e d him pil e d A m o u nt ai n o f h o r s e ar m o u r h e l m s and br e as tpl at e s O f m ac e s and o f I n di an s ci m it ar s Whil e M inuch ih r t he chi e ft ai n gr aci o u s ly E ntr e at e d e ach o ne as h is r an k migh t b e Wh at
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H ow the H ead
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h e r o c all e d a c o u ri e r g av e t o h im Th e h e ad o f S al m t h e m o narch o f t h e W e s t A nd wr o t e t o t e ll his gr and s ir e o f t h e fight A nd s tr at e gy fir s t givi ng G o d t h e pr ai s e
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TH E S H A H N A M A
PI R DA
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US I
th e n t h e S hah : Pr ai s e t o t h e c o nq u e ri ng W o rl d l o rd Fr o m wh o m are virt u e p o w e r and Gr ac e H is I s n o w o n Faridun th at wi s e br av e S hah Wh o h ath r e l e as e d u s fr o m t h e b o nd s o f ill A nd h ath t h e wi s d o m and t h e Gr ac e o f G o d We are av e nge d u p o n t h e c av ali e r s O f C h in We lay in am bu s h fo r th e ir liv e s S tr o ng in t h e S hah with o u r av e ngi ng s c i m i t ar s We s m o t e t h e h e ad s o ff th o s e u nright e o u s m e n Wh o b o th w e r e r e e ki ng with Iraj s bl o o d ; We p u rge d t h e s u rfac e o f t h e e arth with s t e e l Lo I am c o m i ng like t h e wi nd b e hi nd My l e tte r and will t e ll th e e all th at p as s e d H e s e n t S h irw i t h e as piri ng v e t e r an B ack t o t h e h o ld and s aid : Expl o r e t h e b o o ty Act as th o u s e e s t b e s t and t ak e t h e S hah Th e s p o il u p o n high cr e s t e d e l e ph ant s H e b ad e t h e dru m m e r s and t h e pip e r s far e F o rth fr o m t h e r o y al t e nt and fr o m t h at h o ld I n Ch in m arch e d i nl an d b ack t o F ar idun A s h e appr o ach e d Tam m is h a o n h is w ay Th e bl as t H is gr ands ir e l o ng e d t o l o o k at h im O f cl ari o ns as c e nd e d fr o m t h e g at e F ar idun Th e h o s t b e g an t o m arch ou t Th at m an o f w ak e fu l fo rtu ne d e ck e d t h e b ack s O f all t h e e l e ph ant s with t u rqu o i s e thr o ne s A nd g o ld e n litt e r s with br o c ad e and g e m s A w o rld o f b anne r s y e ll o w r e d and bl u e W av e d o ve rh e ad Th e h o s t m arch e d t o w ard S ar i Lik e bl ack cl ou d s fr o m t h e w at e r s o f G ilan With g o ld e n bridl e s and with go ld e n girdl e s With s ilv e r n s tirr u p s and wi t h go ld e n bu ckl e r s With tr e as u r e s e l e ph ant s and pr e ci o u s s t o r e s I n r e adine s s t o w e lc o m e M inuc h ihr
A nd
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TH E S H A H N A M A
232
PI R DA U S I
’
OF
Th o u s aid s t : I am t h e A l mighty t h e j us t J u dg e Th e H e lp o f t h e o ppr e s s e d in th e ir di s tr e s s R ight h as t Th o u d o ne m e Th o u h as t h o lp e n m e A nd giv e n m e b o th cr o w n and S ig ne t ring God Th o u h as t gr ant e d m e m y wh o l e d e s ir e ; N o w t ak e m e t o t h e o th e r w o rld— a b e tt e r Th an this—b e c au s e I w o u ld no t th at m y s ou l S h o u ld t arry l o ng e r in thi s narr o w s ph e r e S h irwi t h e chi e ft ai n with t h e s p o il s appr o ach e d Th e p al ac e o f t h e S hah w h o l avi s h e d all Th e b o o ty o n t h e tr o o p s H e g av e dir e cti o ns Tw o d ay s e re Mihr fo r M imich ih r t o s it H e l m e d o n t h e thr o ne o f g o ld with h is o wn h and s Cro w ne d t h e y ou ng prin c e and g ave h is l as t c o mm and s ‘
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§ The D ea th
27
f
o
Fa rtdzi n
This d o ne t h e gre at ki ng s day and fo rt u ne ch ange d Th e l e afag e with e r e d o n t h e r o y al tr e e ; H e q u itt e d cr o wn and thr o ne and with t he h e ad s O f th o s e thr e e kings b e s id e h im liv e d in t e ar s A nd in au s t e riti e s : h is pl ai nt w as thi s My d ay s are ch ang e d and d ark e ne d by th e s e thr e e Wh o w e r e my h e art s d e light and gri e f with al Th u s s l ai n b e fo r e m e m i s e r ably in h atr e d A nd as m y fo e s w o u ld wi s h S u ch ill s b e fe ll th e m Thr o u gh th e ir p e rve r s ity and e vil d e e d s ; Th e y dis o be y e d m e and t h e w o rld fr o w ne d o n th e m H is h e art w as fu ll h is fac e all t e ar s till d e ath Th o u gh Faridri n is go ne th e r e is h is name S till l e ft thr o u gh all t h e ye ar s th at h ave p as s e d by ; ’
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FA Ri D liN
2 33
H e w as m y s o n ! all e xc e ll e n c e and fam e O ne wh o fo u n d pr o fit in adv e r s ity ,
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N o w S am w as childl e s s and in th at r e g ard I n ne e d o f s ol ac e O ne am o ng h is wiv e s A B e au ty r o s y ch e e k e d with m u s ky h air G ave him t he h o p e o f o ffs pri ng fo r th at M o o n Was s u n fac e d rip e and w as with child by h im A nd gri e v o u s ly s h e s u ffe r e d with h e r b u rd e n Wh e n m any d ay s h ad p as s e d t h e b ab e w as b o r n A B e au ty lik e t h e w o rld illu m i ng s u n A nd lik e it t o o in l o v e li ne s s o f fac e ; Bu t all his h air w as whit e and s i n c e tw as s o Th e y k e pt t h e thi ng fr o m S am fo r o ne wh o l e w e e k Th e w o m e n o f th at fam o u s p al adi n W e pt in t h e pr e s e n c e o f t h e littl e child Bu t no t o n e d ar e d t o t e ll t h e h e r o S am Th at h is fair s p ou s e h ad b o rne a h o ary b ab e A no n t h e i nfant s n u r s e w ith li o n s c o u r ag e C am e u nab as he d b e fo r e t h e p al adi n A s o ne w h o br o u ght g o o d ne w s bl e s s e d h im and s aid : M ay S am t h e h e r o s d ay s b e fo rt u nat e A nd m ay h is fo e m e n s h e art s b e r o o t e d o u t ! G o d h ath b e s t o w e d o n th e e wh at th o u did s t as k Th e v e ry gift wh e r e o n thy s o u l w as s e t B e hi nd thy cu rt ain s e e k e r aft e r gl o ry ! Thy m o o n fac e d s p o u s e h ath b orne a s t ai nl e s s s o n A p al adin a child o f li o n h e art A b oy o f s pirit fas hi o ne d o f p u r e s ilv e r A nd with t w o ch e e k s th at fav o u r P ar adi s e Th ou w ilt no t s e e a fau lty p ar t in him E xc e pt thi s bl e m i s h — th at his h air is whit e S o h e av e n will e d O s e e k e r aft e r gl o ry ! C ont e nt th e e and b e no t m o r o s e and th ankl e s s Th e h o r s e m an s am d e s c e nd e d fr o m h is thr o ne ; H e w e n t b e hi nd t h e c u rt ai n t o Y o u ng S pri ng A nd s aw a g o o dly b oy with h o ary h e ad .
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M IN
t
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a
N o ne h ath b e h e ld o r h e ard o f s u ch h is h air R e s e m bl e d s no w and y e t h is ch e e k s w e r e ru ddy S am at th at s ight d e s p air e d Gr e at w as h is fe ar O f c o m i ng s h am e ; h e l e ft t h e p ath o f wi s d o m Fo r c o u r s e s o f h is o w n l o o k e d u p t o h e av e n A nd pr ay e d t o b e fo rgiv e n his o ffe n c e O Th o u h e s aid ab o v e all h ar m and l o s s ! Go o d e ve r c o m e th o f Thi ne o rdi nanc e I f I h av e s i nne d by any gri e v o u s s in O r yi e ld e d t o t h e faith o f A hri m an Oh ! m ay t h e Al m ighty h e ark e n t o m y pr ay e r A nd in H is s e cr e t c ou ns e ls p ard o n m e My tr o u bl e d m ind is writhing fo r s h e e r s h am e Th e h o t bl o o d is a ti ngl e in m y v e i ns Fo r thi s br at lik e a br at o f A hri m an With d ark e y e s and with h air lik e j e s s amine Wh e n any no bl e s c o m e t o s p e ak with m e A nd s e t th e ir e y e s o n thi s ill o m e ne d c u b Wh at s h all I s ay th at thi s d iv s b an tli ng is A fay o r l e o p ar d with it s s p o t s ? Th e gr e at Will l au gh at m e in p u bli c and in priv at e Till s h am e s h all m ak e m e c u rs e and qu it Iran H e s p ak e in wr ath with fr o wns and r ail e d at fo rt u ne Th e n b ad e s o m e t ak e t h e child and c arry it B e yo nd th o s e fi e ld s and fe ll s and far aw ay Th e r e w as a c e rt ai n m o u nt ai n nam e d Alb u r z Nigh t o t h e s u n and far r e m o ve d fr o m m e n Wh e r e t h e S imu rgh h ad ne s t e d fo r t h e pl ac e Was u ninh abit e d Th e y l e ft t h e child Up o n t h e m ou nt ain and r e tu r ne d Ti m e p as s e d Whil e fo r no fau lt t h e i nfant p al adi n Unabl e t o di s ting u i s h bl ack fr o m white Was o u tc as t fr o m h is fath e r s l o ve ; b u t H e Wh o fo s t e re t h all t o o k u p t h e c as t aw ay .
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TH E S H A H N A M A
’
O F F I RDA U S I
O nc e
wh e n t h e li o ne s s h e r c u b h ad fe d If I s h o u ld giv e th e e m y h e art s bl o o d s h e s aid I s h o u ld no t l o o k fo r th ank s I liv e in th e e ; My h e ar t w o u ld br e ak if th o u s h o u ld s t br e ak with m e Thr ou gh o u t t h e e xp ans e o f e arth t h e b e as t s w e fi nd M o r e t e nd e r t o th e ir yo u ng th an are m ankind Th e b ab e r e m aine d wh e r e thr o wn e xp o s e d b o th day A nd night H e s u ck e d h is fi nge r e nd s and w ail e d N o w wh e n t h e y o u ng S imu rgh s gr e w r av e no u s Th e m o th e r s o arin g o e r h e r n e s t b e h e ld E arth lik e a h e avi ng s e a and w aili ng th e r e A child r o ck cr adl e d with t h e d u s t fo r nu rs e H is b o dy b ar e h is lip s u nw e t with m ilk Th e d ark dr e ar s o il ab o u t h im and ab o v e Th e no o nd ay s u n Wo u ld th at h e h ad h ad p ard s Fo r dam and s ir e h e h ad at l e as t b e e n s h ad e d Th e L o rd g av e l o vi ng i ns ti nct s t o th at fo wl Which th o u ght no t t o d e v o u r t h e child h e r s e lf Bu t s w o o p e d d o wn fr o m t h e cl o u d s and wi t h h e r t al o ns T o o k u p t h e i nfant fr o m t h e h e at e d r o ck s Th e n b ar e h im qu ickly o ff t o M o u n t Alb u r z Wh e r e w e r e h e r ne s t and y o u ng for th e m t o t e ar R e g ardl e s s o f his cri e s ; b u t G o d w h o giv e th All g o o d h ad r u th o n h im h is lo t w as o th e r ; Fo r wh e n t h e fo wl and all h e r br o o d b e h e ld Th at i nfant w h o w as w e e pi ng t e ars o f bl o o d Th e y l avi s h e d l o v e o n him in w o ndr o u s wi s e A s t oni e d at h is g o o dly fac e Th e bird Ch o s e fo r him all t h e t e nd e r e s t pr e y and m ad e H e r littl e g u e s t s u ck bl o o d ins t e ad o f m ilk L o ng w as h e l o s t t o s ight b u t wh e n h e c ame To m an s e s t at e a c ar av an p as s e d by A nd s aw on e lik e a no bl e cypr e s s tr e e H is br e as t a s ilve r m ou nt h is w ai s t a r e e d ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
I ncline t o H im
The
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o f all
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xt day and in s o r e di s tr e s s S am w e nt t o M ou nt Alb u r z and wh e n night c ame S l e pt ill at e as e H e s aw a s t and ard r ai s e d Ab o v e t h e I ndi an m o u nt ai ns and a yo u th O f b e au t e o u s vi s ag e with a m ighty h o s t Up o n h is l e ft an arch m age o n h is righ t A s ag e o f no bl e as p e ct O f th e s e tw ai n O ne c am e t o S am and s aid in chilli ng t o ne s A u d aci ou s m an and i m pi ou s in thine ai ms ! I s th e r e no fe ar o f G o d b e fo r e thi ne e y e s ? I f t o thy m in d a bird is nu r s e e n o u gh Wh at b o o t e t h it t o b e ap al adi n ? I f whit e h air b e a b l e m i s h in a m an Thy b e ard and h e ad h av e gro wn lik e wi ll o w l e aves G o d gav e th e e s u ch and s u ch thing s : why h as t th o u By thi ne i nj u s tic e fr u s tr at e d t h e gift Abh o r t hy M ak e r th e n fo r day by day Thy b o dy ch ang e th h u e Th o u did s t d e s pis e Thy s o n w h o is t h e fo s t e rling o f Go d Th e kindli e s t N u r s e fo r h im A s fo r thy s e lf L o v e is no t in th e e S am r o ar e d o u t in s l e e p A s wh e n a m ighty li o n is e ns n ar e d ; H e fe ar e d th at dr e am p o rt e nd e d ch as tis e m e nt Fr o m d e s ti ny Ar o u s e d h e c all e d t o him The m e n o f l o r e and b ad e t h e chi e fs t o h o r s e H e c am e in h as t e t o w ard t h e mo u nt ain p e ak To s e e k his c as t aw ay and th e r e b e h e ld A h e ight wh 0 s e t o p was m id s t t h e Pl e i ade s I t will o b s tr u ct Th o u w o u lds t h av e s aid : s t ar s U p o n t h e t o p w as b u ilt a l o fty ne s t Wh e r e S at u rn s infl u e nc e c ou ld no t i nj u re it ; So
ne
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M IN
UCH I H R
'
24
3
T all p os t s o f e bo ny and s and al w o o d L ac e d with lign al o e s t ay e d it u nd e rne ath S am g az e d in w o nd e r o n th at s t o ny p e ak O n th at m aj e s tic bird and w e ird ab o d e Th e b u ildi ng r e ach e d t o S pic a and w as r ai s e d With o u t h and lab o u r with no s t o ne s and e arth A y ou th s t o o d th e r e —t h e c o u nt e rp art o f sam Who w atch e d h im as h e w alke d ab o u t t he ne s t Th e n l aid h is che e k s u p o n t h e gr o u nd and g av e Th anks t o t h e M ake r in th at H e h ad m ad e S u ch bird u p o n t h e m o u nt ai n and h ad r ai s e d I t s s t o ny s u m m it t o t h e Pl e i ad e s Ac kno wle dgi ng : H e is a right e o u s J u dg e All p o w e rfu l and high e r th an t h e high H e s o u ght t o fi nd a p ath o r any tr ack Wh e r e by t h e wild b e as t s s c al e d t h e pr e cipic e ; A nd w alk e d ar o u n d t h e mo u nt ain givi ng th ank s Bu t s aw no way to cli m b it H e e xcl ai m e d O Th o u ab o v e all pl ac e o e r s u n and m o on A nd s hi ni ng r ai nb o w ! I pr o s tr ate m y s e lf B e fo r e The e p ou ring o u t my s o u l in aw e I f thi s y o u th s pri ng e th fr o m m y l o i ns i nd e e d N o t fr o m t h e s e e d o f e vil A hri m an A s s is t thy s e r v ant t o as c e nd this h e ight A nd s h o w m e me rcy s i nfu l as I am Thu s pr ay e d h e t o t h e J u s t i h is pr ay e r w as gr ant e d Wh e n t h e S imu rgh l o o k e d fro m t he h e ight an d s aw S am with h is c o m p any s h e kne w th at th e y C am e no t fo r l o ve o f h e r b u t fo r t h e y o u th Th o u wh o h as t s e e n t h e u ne as e To wh o m s h e s aid : I am t h e o nly nu r s e O f nid e and ne s t Th at fo s t e r e d th e e t h e s ou rc e o f all thy w e al A nd g av e t o th e e t he nam e D as ta n 1 Z and 1 B e c au s e thy s ir e d e alt with th e e tr e ach e r o u s ly -
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TH E S H A H N A M A
P I RD A 0 5 1
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C o mm and thy v ali ant g u id e t o c all th e e s o Wh e n th ou re t u rne s t h o m e Thy s ir e is s am Th e h e r o p al adi n o f p al adins A n d m os t e x alt e d o f t h e m ighty m e n H e h ath c o m e hi t h e r s e archi ng fo r h is s o n A nd with him high e s t at e h ath c o m e t o th e e N o w mu s t I t ak e th e e u p and b e ar th e e b ack Uns c athe d t o h im H e li s t e ne d whil e s h e s p ak e H is e y e s w e r e fill e d with t e ar s his h e art w as s ad Th ou gh h e h ad s e e n no m an s till h e h ad l e ar ne d O f h e r t o s p e ak in acc e nt s like h e r o w n With mu ch o f wi s d o m and o f anci e nt l o r e ; Th u s h ad h e l angu ag e wi s d o m and right r e d e A nd l o o k e d t o G o d fo r s u cc ou r N o w o b s e rv e H is ans w e r t o t h e fo wl : H as t th o u in tr u th B e c o m e aw e ary o f m y c o m p any Thy ne s t is u nt o m e a s hining thr o ne Thy pi ni o ns are my gl o ri o u s di ad e m A nd n e xt t o G o d I o w e m y th ank s t o th e e Fo r th o u h as t t u rne d my h ards hip i nt o e as e I f o n c e th o u d o s t b e h o ld Th e bird r e pli e d : Th e cr o w n t h e thr o n e and d o ings o f t h e c o u rt Thi s ne s t will s e e m t o th e e o f s m all acc o u nt M ak e b u t o ne tri al o f t h e w ay s o f fat e I do no t s e nd th e e h e nc e in e nm ity ; I w o u ld fai n I p as s th e e t o a ki ng s hip H av e k e pt th e e h e r e with m e b u t fo r thys e lf B e ar thi s pl u m e o f m ine To go is b e tt e r Ab ou t with the e and s o abid e b e ne ath H e nc e fo rth if m e n Th e s h ad o w o f my Gr ac e S h all h u rt o r right o r wr o ng e xcl ai m ag ai ns t th e e Th e n b u rn t h e fe ath e r and b e h o l d my m ight Fo r I h av e ch e ri s h e d th e e b e ne ath my pl u m e s A nd br o u ght th e e u p am o ng m y littl e o ne s .
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TH E
A H H A A N M s
’
O F PI R DA U S I
Bu t
will fu lfil thy wi s h e s g o o d and b ad H e nc e fo rth thy will s h all b e m y r u l e o f right H e cl o th e d t h e y o u ng m an lik e a p al adi n A n d t u r n e d t o l e av e t h e m o u n t ai n h avi ng r e ach e d Th e pl ain h e ch o s e a ch arg e r fo r his s o n A s w e ll as r o y al r obe s fo r h im t o w e ar l — A nd g av e t o h im t h e n am e o f z al i Z ar Th o u g h t h e S im u rgh c all e d h im at fir s t D as ta n Th e n all t h e tr o o p s with gl ad ne s s in th e ir h e art s S ou ght S am Th e dr u m m e r s le d o n e l e ph ant s A n d d u s t r o s e lik e a m o u n t o f i ndigo Th e r e w as a s o u nd o f dr u m s and cl ari o ns O f g o ld e n g o ngs an d I ndi an b e ll s whil e all Th e h o r s e m e n s h o u t e d Th u s th e y j o u r ne ye d h o m e Until all j o yfu lly th e y p as s e d withi n Th e city gr e at e r by o ne p al adi n .
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§4 H o w M inaehihr t oo k K nowledge
S am
and
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the Cas e
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Z al
h ath r e tu r ne d in tri u m ph fro m Albu r z ! S u ch tidi ng s fr o m z ab u l c am e t o t h e S hah Wh o j o ye d e xc e e di ngly : t h e M ak e r s nam e Was o ft e n o n h is lip s H e h ad t w o s o ns B o th w e ll b e l o v e d o ne hight N au d ar t h e o th e r Z aras p b o th br av e and wi s e and b o th e n d o w e d Wi t h Gr ac e and F aith b o th lik e A z argas h as p Up o n t h e pl ain H e s aid : Le t fam e d N and ar G o wi t h d e s p atch t o S am and l o o k u p o n H is child th at h ath b e e n nu rt u r e d in a ne s t C o ngr atu l at e h im o n t h e S hah s b e h alf Up o n t h e j o y t h at h ath r e v e al e d it s e lf : ld th in ll i n t h i w hit h i r s am
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M IN
UCH IH R
24
9
bid h im c o m e in p e r s o n t o t h e S hah To t e ll h is t al e and aft e rw ard s d e p art H o m e lik e a l o yal li e ge N o w wh e n N au dar R e ach e d s am t h e s o n o f N ar im an h e s aw Th e n e w y o u ng p al adi n Th e n S am t h e h o r s e man A l ight e d and N au dar and h e e m br ac e d s am as k e d ab o u t t h e S hah and chi e fs N au dar D e live r e d all th e ir gr e e ti ngs S am o n h e aring Th e m e s s ag e o f t h e gr e at king ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd A nd h as t e d as c o mm and e d t o t h e c o u rt Wh e n h e dr e w ne ar t h e S hah w e nt o u t t o m e e t h im S am s aw t h e fl ag o f M inuc h ih r di s m o u nt e d A nd w e nt afo o t H e ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd and s aid Fo r e v e r liv e gl ad and o f ard e nt s o u l ! Bu t M imi ch ih r b ad e th at tr u e h e art e d m an Th at w o r s hipp e r o f G o d t o m o u nt agai n Th e y w e nt t o w ard t h e p al ac e M inrich ih r S at d o wn with gr e at r ej o ici ng o n t h e thr o ne A nd pl ac e d t h e r o y al cr o wn u p o n h is h e ad O n this s id e s at Kar an o n th at s id e S am B o th gl ad and w e ll c o nt e nt Th e ch am b e rl ai n Appr o ach e d with s t at e ly s t e p and br o u ght in zal E qu ipp e d with g o ld e n m ac e and go ld e n cr o w n Th e S hah m ark e d with am az e th at l o fty s t at u r e A nd g o o dly fac e , t h e ab o d e as th o u w o u ld s t s ay H e s aid t o S am O f life and l o v e S afe g u ard
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h im Fo r m y s ak e ne v e r giv e h im ne e dl e s s Bu t fi nd thy h appi ne s s in h im al o ne ,
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h ath r oy al Gr ac e and li o n s cl aw s Th e wi s e m an s h e art t h e pr u d e nc e o f t h e o ld T e ach h im o u r c u s t o m s b o t h in w ar and fe as t ; Bird ne s t and h e ight h e k no w e th ; c an he k no w Wh at h o no u r and c0 u rt u s age s de m and ’
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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OF
PI RDA 0 5 1
Th e n S am t o ld all t h e s t o ry t o th e S hah Ab o u t t h e l o fty m ou nt ain and S imu rgh A nd h o w t h e pr e ci o u s o ne w as l o dg e d and nu rt u r e d Wi t hin t h e ne s t till h e c o u ld fe e d hi m s e lf ; T o ld wh e r e fo r e h e h ad c as t t h e child aw ay A nd s aid th u s : H e av e n r e v o lve d ab o v e m y h e ad For m any y e ar s ; t h e w o rld at l e ngth w as fill e d With s tr ang e r e p o rt s o f z al and t h e S im u rgh C o mm and e d by t h e L o rd o f all t h e w o rld I w e n t t o M o u n t Alb u r z —no e as y pl ac e A nd s aw a m o u n t ai n p e ak am o ng t h e cl ou d s ; Th o u w o u ld s t h av e s aid : I t is a d o m e o f flin t Up o n a s e a ! Th e ne s t lik e s o m e t all p al ac e Was th e r e w e ll fe nc e d fro m h ar m o n e v e ry s id e With z al and with t h e y o u ng o f t h e S im u rgh Withi n it : th ou h ad s t s aid Th e y are o ne br o o d H is br e ath e xh al e d t h e v e ry s c e n t o f l ev e A nd e v e ry th o u ght o f h im r ej oi c e d m y h e art Oft ran I r ou nd t h e M ou nt b u t p at h w as no ne A y e ar ning fo r m y l o s t s o n c am e t o m e ; My h e art b u r ne d s o th at life w as w e ll nigh go ne I pr ay e d in s e cr e t t o t h e h o ly J u dg e R e s o u rc e o f m e n wi t h o u t a w an t Thys e lf ! Thy wit ne s s d o th e xt e nd t o e ve ry pl ac e A nd h e av e n t u r ne th o nly at Thy w o rd A s l ave am I wh o s e h e art is fu ll o f s in B e fo r e t h e M as t e r o f t h e s u n and m o o n ; My h o p e is in Thy m e rcy— th at al o ne : I h av e no o th e r gr o u nd o f c o nfid e nc e Thi s s l av e o f Thi ne —t h e fo s t e r e d o f t h e fo wl Br o u ght u p in m i s e ry and wr e tch e d ne s s Wh o b at h b u t s ki ns t o w e ar i ns t e ad o f s ilk A nd s u ck e t h raw fl e s h n o t h is m o th e r s br e as t R e s t o r e t o m e ! Dis cl os e fo r m e a w ay To h im and cu t thi s pr e s e nt tr ou bl e s h o rt ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
2 52
PI R DA U S I
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OF
ci m it ar s with g o ld e n s h e ath s O ffu r s and go ld o f j e w e l s and br o c ad e O f c arp e t s al s o an ab u nd ant s t o r e O f R u m an s lav e b o y s in br o c ad e o f Ram With j e w e ll e d p att e rns o n a go ld e n gr o u nd O f b o wl s o f e m e r ald and t u rqu o i s e c u p s O f o th e r s o f p u r e s ilve r and re d g o ld C o nt aini ng s affr o n m u s k and c am ph o r : th e s e Th e s e rvant s br o u ght with s u it s o f m ail and c as q u e s H o rs e ar m o u r l anc e s m ac e s b o w s and arr o w s A thr o ne o f t u rqu o i s e and a cr o wn o f g o ld A r u by S ig ne t ri ng and g o ld e n girdl e Ano n t h e m o narch h ad a p at e n t dr aw n Lik e P ar adis e —all pr ai s e —inv es ti ng s am With M ai o f Hi nd D anb ar Kab u li s t an All fr o m t h e I nd u s t o t h e s e a o f Chin A nd fr o m Zzi b u l u p t o t h e s tr e am o f B u s t Dr aw n s trictly in acc o rd t o pr e c e d e nt Th e p at e n t writt e n and t h e gift s pr e p ar e d Th e y o rd e r e d o u t t h e ho r s e s fo r th at chi e f O f p al adi ns w h o ri s i ng s p ak e and s aid O ch o s e n l o rd o f j u s tic e and o f right ! Kno w th at b e tw e e n t h e M o o n and Fi s h no S hah Like th e e e e r w o r e t h e cr o w n ; thy g o o d ne s s pr u d e nc e Be ne fi c e nc e and r e d e r ej o ic e t h e age I n th ine e y e s all t h e w o rld s w e alth is d e s pi s e d M ay m e n r e m e m b e r no o ne s n am e b u t thi ne H e th e n adv anc e d and ki s s e d t h e thr o ne Th e y b o u nd The k e ttl e dr u m s u p o n t h e e l e ph ant s Th e t o w ns A nd s t art e d fo r z ab u lis t an A nd vill ag e s t u rne d o u t t o g az e Wh e n S am Appr o ach e d N im ri i z tw as br u i t e d th at t h e prin c e Th e l u s tr e o f t h e w o rld —h ad c o m e with pr e s e nt s A cr o w n o f g o ld gr ant p at e nt and g o ld girdl e O f I ndi an
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M I N rIc H I H R
S is tan w as
d e ck e d thr o u gh ou t lik e P ar adis e ; I t s brick s w e r e g o ld and all it s s o il p u r e m u s k Th e y fl u ng ab o u t d inar s m u s k drachms and s affr o n A nd m ad e a h o lid ay fo r all alik e Th e as piri ng chi e fs fr o m all s id e s w e nt t o S am A nd s aid : M ay this y o u th s s t e p s pr o v e fo rt u nat e Fo r t h e e blith e h e art e d fam o u s p al adi n A nd as th e y bl e s s e d h im s h o w e r e d g e m s o e r Zit l Fo r e ach m an w o rthy w as a gift pr e p ar e d A r o b e o f h ono u r s u it e d t o h is s t ati o n A s b e i ng e m i ne nt in r ank o r l o r e Whil e e m u l ati on c au s e d all h o p e s t o s o ar '
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6
H o w S am gave the K ingdom to Z a l ’
Th e r e aft e r s am s e t fo rth b e fo r e his s o n Th e v ari o u s virt u e s th at ad o r n a kin g A nd h avi ng c all e d t h e fath e r s o f t h e r e al m H ar ang u e d th e m in s e t t e r m s at l arg e and s aid Ye h o ly archi m ag e s wi s e o f h e art O u r m o narch in his wi s d o m o rd e r e th Th at I s h o u ld m arch u p o n M a z and ara n 1 h a n s r a Ag i t t e Ka g s ars I t ak e with m e A m ighty h o s t ; my s o n—m i ne o w n h e art s bl o o d A nd p art ne r o f m y life —abid e th h e r e I in t h e d ay s o f y o u th and arr o g anc e Pr o nou nc e d a m o ns tr o u s s e n t e nc e o n t h e b oy G o d g av e t o m e a s o n : I c as t him o u t I n ig no r anc e no t w o ttin g o f his w o rth H im t h e S im u rgh th at no bl e bird b ar e o ff H im t o o t h e M ak e r p as s e d no t by m s c o r n ,
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54
PI RDA U S I
’
TH E S H A H N A M A
OF
Wh at I d e s pi s e d was pr e ci o u s t o t h e fo wl Which r e ar e d h im till h e s e e me d a l o fty c ypre s s A nd wh e n t h e ti m e for p ard o n c am e t h e L o rd Of all t h e w o rld —G o d—g av e h im b ack t o m e R e g ard him as my r e pr e s e nt ativ e A s m i ne o w n s e lf c o mm itt e d t o y ou r ch arg e ; I l e av e t o y o u t o t e ach him wh at is g o o d A nd ki ndl e e v e ry virtu e in h is br e as t H old h im in h o no u r giv e h im s o u nd advic e I m p art g o o d pri ncipl e s and l o fty ai m s Fo r as t h e S hah c o mm and e th I d e p ar t With o th e r chi e fs ag ai ns t o u r e ne m i e s H e t u r ne d t o z al and s aid : Be p e ac e fu l j u s t A nd lib e r al h o ld z ab ulis t an as h o m e A nd all thi ng s th e r e as s u bj e ct t o thy will Be thi ne t o m ak e t h e h o m e m o r e b e au tifu l A nd fri e nd s m o r e h appy Of m y tr e as u r e h o ard s I l e av e t h e k e y with th e e thy g ai n is w e al Thy l o s s is w o e t o m e I n fe as t and fight DO wh at s o e e r thy bright s o u l h o ld e th go o d z al ans w e r e d : C an I liv e o n h e r e I f o ne Was e v e r b o r n de fe ctive it w as I Pu t m e no t fu rth e r A nd I h av e c au s e t o w ail Th an e v e r fr o m th e e no w th at p e ac e h ath c o m e Whil e I w as ne ath t h e t al o ns o f t h e bird S u ck e d bl o o d and far e d in d u s t dw e lt in a ne s t A nd h ad a fo wl fo r fri e nd I w as e s t e e m e d A fo wl my s e lf ; b u t s h e th at fo s t e r e d m e I s far aw ay S u ch is fat e s fo s t e ri ng ! I h av e no p o rti o n o f t h e r o s e b u t th o rns A nd m u s t s u b m it s am ans w e r e d : Be at e as e Le t thy h e art r e s t ; c o mm and wh at e e r tho u wilt Th e as tr o l o ge r s d e cl ar e a gr aci o u s p u rp o s e C o nc e r ning th e e — th at h e r e s h all b e thy h o me ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
H ow Zcil
O ne day z si
vis it e d
OF
P IRDA U S i
M ihrab of K abu l
fo rth o n a r o y al pr o gr e s s With chi e fs att ach e d t o h im in r e d e and F ait h To V i e w Kab u l D u nb ar M argh M ai and I nd At e ve ry s t age h e s e t h im u p a thr o ne A nd c all e d fo r wi ne and h arp and m ins tr e l s y H e l avi s h e d tr e as u r e and i nd u lg e d in pl e as u r e A s is t h e fas hi o n in thi s W ays id e I nn A nd r e ach e d Kab u l with gl ad ne s s i n h is h e art The r e w as a c e rt ain m o narch hight Mihrab A w e althy and s u cc e s s fu l p o t e nt at e I n s t at u r e lik e a no bl e cypr e s s tre e With ch e e k s lik e s pringtid e and with ph e as ant s H e h ad a s ag e s h e art a ru l e r s br ain A w arri o r s s h ou ld e r s and arc h m age s s e ns e D e s c e nd e d fr o m Z ahh ak h e r u l e d Kabu l Bu t h avi ng no t t h e p o w e r t o fight wi t h S am P aid ye arly tribu t e H e ari ng th at s a m s s o n H ad c o m e h e l e ft Kab u l at d aw n with tr e as u r e With s t e e d s c ap ari s o ne d s l av e b o y s d inar s M u s k r u bi e s s pic e ry br o c ad e o f g o ld S ilk s b e av e r s ki ns a r o y al j e w e ll e d cr o w n A nd g o ld e n t o rqu e with e m e r ald o r name nt s H e t o o k t h e chi e fs and ar my o f Kab u l Tiding s r e ach e d t h e s o n o f S am A s e s c o rt Th e s t at e ly chi e f is c o mi ng in his s t at e z al w e nt t o m e e t and gr e e t h im c ou rt e o u s ly With e v e ry h o nou r du e I n m e rry m o o d Th e y c am e t o g e th e r t o t h e t u rqu o is e thr one ; A t abl e fit fo r p al adin s w as s pr e ad A nd all s at d o w n with gl ad ne s s t o t he fe as t s et
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UOE I H R
M IN
’
Th e r e whil e c u p b e ar e r s h and e d c u p s and wi ne Mihrab o b s e rve d t h e s o n o f s am o n wh o m H e j oy e d t o g az e and wh o m h e l o ng e d t o s e rv e z al s wit and pru d e nc e m ad e Mihrab e xcl ai m H is m o th e r is i mm o rt al 1 Wh e n Mihrab R o s e fr o m t h e b o ard Z eil m ark e d his m i e n and limb s Wh o gird e th him A nd s aid b e fo r e t h e chi e fs : M o r e gr ac e fu lly ? Wh o h ath s u ch m i e n and c arri ag e M e n w ou ld pr o no u nc e h im m atchl e s s in t h e fight O ne o f t h e no bl e chi e ft ai ns s aid t o zal : H e h ath a d au ght e r in h is h o u s e wh o s e fac e I s fair e r th an t h e s u n lik e iv o ry Fr o m h e ad t o fo o t with ch e e ks lik e P aradi s e Two m u s ky ri ngl e t s A nd as a t e ak in h e ight F all o e r h e r s ilve r n ne ck t h e e nd s o f th e m Wo u ld s e rv e fo r ankl e ring s H e r ch e e k s are lik e P o m e gr anat e bl o s s o ms s h e h ath ch e rry lip s H e r s ilv e r n br e as t s b e ar t w o p o m e gr anat e gr ai ns H e r e y e s are twi n n arci s s i in a g ard e n Th e ir l as h e s bl ackne s s r apt fr o m r ave n s plu m e s H e r br o w s are like t wo b o w s m ad e at T ara z Whipp e d with t h e p u r e s t m u s k If th o u w o u ld s t s e e k A m o o n th e r e is h e r fac e ; if th o u w o u ld s t s c e nt Th e m u s k th e r e is h e r h air Fr o m h e ad t o fo o t S h e 1 s as P ar adi s e — all m u s ic ch ar m A nd b e au ty Thi s r ai s e d t u mu lt in t h e h e art Of zal and r e s t and r e as on fl e d fr o m h im ; H e th o u ght Th e r e is no d o u bt th at thi s fair m aid I s lik e t h e s u n and m o o n fo r s i nc e t h e s ir e I s c o m e ly s till h o w fair t h e child m u s t b e Night c am e ; z si s at in s ad and anxio u s th ou ght C onc e r ne d fo r h e r wh o m h e h ad ne v e r s e e n Bu t wh e n t h e s u n s r ays s tr u ck t h e m o u nt ai n t o p s -
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TH E S H A H N A M A O F PI R DA U S I '
2 58
’
A nd m ad e t h e
w o rld whit e cry s t al h e g av e au di e nc e A nd w arri o r s with th e ir g o ld e n s c abb ard s c am e To gr ac e t h e p o rt al o f t h e p al adi n A s th e s e gr e at m e n w e r e c alli ng fo r th e ir s t e e d s Mihrab t h e r u l e r o f Kab u l appr o ach e d Th e t e nt o f z sl t h e r u l e r o f zab u l Wh e n h e arriv e d t h e w o rd w as : Cl e ar t h e w ay Fr e s h in his b e au ty as a l ad e n fr u it tr e e H e c am e t o zal w h o w e lc o m e d h im with j o y G av e h im t h e chi e fe s t r o o m an d s aid : R e qu e s t Wh at e e r th ou wilt thr o ne S ig ne t s w o rd o r cr o w n Mihra b r e pli e d : E x alt e d c o nqu e ring king Bu t o ne d e s ir e h av e I Wh os e w o rd is law A n d th at an e as y o ne fo r th e e t o gr an t Th at th o u b e pl e as e d t o vi s it m e and m ak e My s ou l bright as t h e s u n Z al s aid : N ot so Thy p al ac e is no t o ne th at I m ay v i s it Fo r S am w o u ld n o t appr o v e n o r w o u ld t h e S hah O f u s fo r dri nki ng wi ne and g e tti ng dr u nk With id o l w o r s hipp e r s S av e thi s r e qu e s t We gr ant th e e all and j o y t o s e e thy fac e O n h e ari ng thi s Mihrab did r e v e r e nc e Bu t in his h e art c all e d z zu an infid e l Th e n s t r o d e fo rth bl e s s i ng m u ch t h e s o n o f S am Wh o as h e w e nt pr ai s e d him as h e d e s e rv e d N o w no o ne hith e rt o h ad n o tic e d h im Fo r all h ad th o u ght h im an o u tl andi s h div A n d s inc e h is F aith and m anne r s w e r e n o t th e ir s R e fr aine d fr o m pr ai s ing him b u t wh e n zal s p ak e H is ad m ir ati o n with s u ch w ar m t h t h e c o u rti e r s B e g an t o pr ai s e h im t o o h is m i e n his s tat u r e H is p o lis h e d m anne r s t act and c ou rt e s y Whil e as fo r z si h is h e art w e nt cl e an di s tr au ght H is wi s d o m fle d afar and l o v e w as l o rd .
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TH E S H A H N A M A '
O f all t h e Warri o r
’
O F PI RDA U S I
p al adins o f e arth N o t o ne c an tr e ad h is s t e p s th e r e is no p o rtr ait I ns id e o u r h all s with s u ch a bridl e h and O r s u ch ano th e r c av ali e r o n h o r s e b ack H e is in h e art a li o n and in s tr e ngth A n e l e ph ant : h is h and s are lik e t h e Nil e Wh e n h e is o n t h e thr o ne h e s c atte r e th go ld Wh e n h e is in t h e fr ay h e s c att e r e th h e ad s H is ch e e k is r u ddy as t h e c e rci s bl o o m S hr e wd y o u ng in y e ars and fo rt u ne t o o 1 s h e I n b attl e lik e t h e b al e fu l cr o c o dil e O n h o r s e b ack lik e a dr ag o n with s h arp cl aw s H e l ay e th in t h e fight t h e d u s t with bl o o d A nd b randis h e t h h is f alchi o n o f bl u e s t e e l H e h ath thi s o ne d e fe ct — h is h air is whit e ; F au lt fi nde rs fi nd in h im no o th e r fau lt ; Y e t thi s whit e h air o f his b e c o m e th h im A nd th ou w o u ld s t s ay : H e fas c in at e t h h e art s O n h e aring thi s R adah a bl u s h e d with ch e e k s — a p gr a n t e bl o s s o m s whil e h e r h e art Re d as o m e B e c am e fu lfill e d with fi re fo r l o ve o f z al S h e c o u ld no t e at o r r e s t in p e ac e ; a ch ang e C am e in h e r di s p o s iti o n and d e m e ano u r Fo r p as s i o n h ad u s u rp e d t h e pl ac e o f wi s d o m D e ny H o w g o o dly w e r e t h e t e ach e r s w o rd s : All t alk o f m e n wh e n th e r e are w o m e n by ; Th e h e art o f w o m an is t h e Di v s ab o d e I f th o u s u gge s t e s t s h e w ill fi nd t h e r o ad B udab a h ad fi v e T u rk m an w aitin g m aid s Fiv e faithfu l s l av e s all girl s o f pru d ent m ind s ; I h av e a s e cr e t fo r y o u To th e m s h e s aid : S i nc e all o f y o u are in my c o nfid e nc e Att e nd u p o n m e and di s p e l m y c ar e s ; Kno w th e n all fi v e o f y o u and u nd e r s t and A nd l u ck go with y ou all y o u r y e ars th at I -
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M IN
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m
am
UCH I H R ’
2 61
l o v e and lik e a r agi ng s e a Wh os e bill o w s s u rg e t o h e av e n ! Mine ard e nt h e art I s f u ll o f l o v e fo r zal and in my s l e e p I c anno t t e ar m y th o u ght s fr o m h im H is l o v e Po s s e s s e th m e h e art m i nd and wit s ; I m u s e Up o n his fe at u r e s day and night ; and no w M e ans m u s t b e fo u nd t o fr e e m e fr o m my w o e N o ne k no w e th o f my s e cr e t b u t y o u r s e lve s Fo r y e are g o o d and l o v e m e Th e n t h e s l ave s Th o u ght in am az e : Th e pri nc e s s d o th ami s s ! R os e at h e r lik e s o m any A hri m ans A nd s aid : O cr o w n o f l adi e s in t h e w o rld ! O d au ght e r e m i ne n t am o ng t h e m ighty Ad m ir e d fr o m H indii s t an t o Chin and lik e A s hi ning s igne t in t h e w o m e n s b o w e r ! N o cypr e s s in t h e g ar de n e qu alle t h Thy h e ight ; thy ch e e k s o u t s hi ne t h e Pl e i ad e s Thy p o rtr ait h at h b e e n s e nt o u t t o Kannuj To M ai and t o t h e m o narch o f t h e W e s t H ath m o de s ty d e p art e d fr o m thi ne e y e s A nd all c o ns id e r ati o n fo r thy s ir e Th at th o u s h o u ld s t l o ng t o cl as p u p o n thy b o s o m O ne wh o s e o w n fath e r h ath r ej e ct e d h im O ne fo s t e r e d o n a m o u nt ain by a fo wl A s p e ct acl e fo r all t h e fo lk ? N 0 mo th e r E xc e pti ng h is h ath b o rne an ag ed b ab e S tr ang e ind e e d S u ch o ffs pri ng is ig no bl e Fo r t w o s u ch c o r al lip s and m u s ky h air Why all fo lk l o v e th ee ; To s e e k a d o t ard Thy p o rtr ait is in all th e ir p al ac e s ; Thy s t at u r e fac e and h air are s u ch t h at S ol W o u ld c o m e fr o m his fo u rth h e av e n t o b e thy s p ou s e Rii dab a h e ard h e r h e art fl ar e d u p lik e fi re B e fo r e a bl as t o f air S he s hri e k e d at th e m ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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O F PI R DA U S I
With fr o wns th at s h u t h e r e ye s e xcl ai m i ng : Bah ! Ye s triv e in v ai n : it b o o t e t h n o t t o h e ar I f t o s o m e s t ar I l o s t m y h e art c o u ld I Find any s ati s facti o n in t h e m o o n ? Cl ay e at e r s do n o t g az e u p o n t h e r o s e Alth ou gh t h e r o s e is b e tt e r th an t h e cl ay If vi ne g ar will c u r e a b o dy s liv e r Th e n h o ne y will b u t m ak e t h e ang u i s h w o r s e I w ant n o t C aes ar o r Fagh fii r o f Ch in O r any o f t h e pri n c e li ng s o f Iran : z si s o n o f S am is t all e nou gh fo r m e A nd li o n lik e in s h ou ld e r ne ck and arm ; Fo r wh e th e r p e o pl e c all h im o ld o r y o u ng To m e h e giv e th p e ac e o f s o u l and m i nd T alk no t o f o th e r m e n b e h is m y h e art Bit as it is by l o v e o f o ne wh o m I H av e n e ve r s e e n ! I t ch oo s e th by r e p o rt I do no t l o v e h is fac e and h air b u t h im ; Tis fo r his m e rit s th at I s e e k h is l o v e Th e s l av e s o n h e ari ng h e r di s tr ac t e d v o ic e Thy s l av e s A nd h avi ng l e ar ne d h e r s e cr e t cri e d : A re w e and s e rv e th e e with de v o t e d h e ar t s C o mm and u s ! N au ght b u t go o d will c o m e o f it O Cypr e s s s t e m ! le t n o ne e l s e k no w O n e s aid : A h u ndr e d th o u s and o f l i s fo r thy life ! M ay all Cr e ati o n s wi s d o m b e thi ne aid ! S h o u ld th e r e b e n e e d t o s t u dy gramm ary e A n d s titch u p e y e s wi t h artific e and s p e ll Th e n will w e fly lik e an e nch an t e r s bird O r ru n al o ng lik e d e e r t o giv e th e e aid S o w e m ay bri ng thi s ki ng t o th e e o u r M o o n A nd lay h im at thy fe e t B udab a s m il e d T u r ne d s affl o w e r ch e e k s t o w ard t h e s l av e and s aid I f th o u c ans t c o m p as s thi s th o u wilt h av e pl ant e d ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
PI RDA 11 5 1
OF
Bl o o d dy e d t h e w at e r z al s aid : A nd fe tch y o n crippl e d bird
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g all ant T u rkm an Cr o s s e d in a b o at The s l av e girl s qu e s ti o ne d h im Ab o u t t h e p al adi n This li o n li m b e d A nd e l e ph anti ne b o di e d w arri o r Wh o is h e ? O f wh at p e o pl e is h e kin g ? Wh at fo e c o u ld c o u nt e r h im 7 We ne v e r s aw A fi ne r c av ali e r o r b e tt e r s h o t Th e pr e tty s l av e b o y bit h is lip and s aid S p e ak no t s o o f t h e ki ng Th e s o n o f S am I s m o narch o f N im rri z an d o th e r ki ng s C all h im D as ta n Th e s k y re v olv e t h no t O e r c av ali e r lik e h im no r will ti m e s e e H is pe e r Th e d am s e l s l au gh e d and ans w e r e d th u s Th e m o o n fac e d b o y : S ay no t s u ch thi ng s b e c au s e Mihrab h ath n o w a M o o n withi n h is p al ac e Wh o is a wh o l e h e ad t all e r th an thy ki ng A t e ak in s t at u r e ivo ry in h u e Cr o w ne d with a cr o wn o f m u s k a thi ng divi ne H e r e y e s ar e p e ns i v e and h e r e y e br o ws arch e d ; Th e ir c o l u m n is a s ilv e r n r e e d H e r m o u th I s narr o w as t h e h e art o f o ne fo rl o r n H e r tr e s s e s e nd s are c o il e d lik e ankl e ring s H e r witchi ng e y e s are fu ll o f dr e am y light H e r ch e e k s are t u lip lik e in h u e h e r l o ck s L ik e m u s k ; h e r s o u l is br e athi ng thr o u gh h e r lip s A m atchl e s s M o o n is s h e We fr o m Kab u l Appr o ach t h e m o narch o f zab u l in s t at e A nd t is o u r p o licy t o i ntr o d u c e O u r l ady s r u by lip s t o t h o s e o f Z eil Which is b u t w e ll and s e e m ly fo r s h e is O f e q u al r ank O n h e aring thi s t h e s l av e b oy Th e
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M I N II OHI H R ’
Flu s h e d ru by lik e Th e S u n s h ou ld w e d t h e M o o n H e s aid Wh e ne e r t h e w o rld w o u ld m ake a m atch Th e h e arts o f all c o nc e r ne d fi nd r o o m fo r l o v e A nd wh e n t h e w o rld w o u ld c au s e a s e v e r anc e I t p art e th m at e fr o m m at e with o u t a w o rd L o ve s b ond is hidd e n b u t it s r u pt u r e s e e n A nd b o th are c o mm o n S till t h e b ach e l o r E nj o y e t h p e ac e at h o m e and s i nc e h e h ath N o d au ght e r will no t h e ar r e pr o achfu l w o rd s O n c e s aid t h e m al e h awk t o his br o o di ng m at e I f h e n bird s o nly fr o m th e s e e ggs th o u bri ng Th o u m ake s t o f t h e s ir e a s e xl e s s thing N o w wh e n t h e l au ghi ng s l av e b o y h ad r e t u r n e d zal as k e d : Wh at w as it th at t h e y s aid t o th e e To m ak e th e e l au gh and s h o w t h y s ilv e r n t e e th ? H e t o ld t h e p al adi n wh o s e h e art gr e w y o u ng With j o y H e b ad e t h e m o o n fac e d y o u th : R e t u rn A nd say th u s t o y o n d am s e l s : S t ay awhil e Am o ng t h e r o s e s ; y e p e rch anc e m ay t ak e S o m e g e m s as w e ll as bl o s s om s fr o m t h e g ard e n S o go no t till y e h e ar fr o m m e H e to o k G old j e w e lry and dr ac hm s with fi v e rich pi e c e s O f go ld br o c ad e and b ad e h is s l av e s C o nv e y th e m To yo nd e r girl s t e ll no ne and b e no t s e e n Th e y t o o k t h e tr e as u r e s with an ard e nt m e s s ag e A nd g av e th e m t o t h e dam s e l s in z al s nam e Th e n s aid o ne d ams e l t o t h e m o o n fac e d p ag e A m att e r ne ve r c an b e ke pt c o nc e al e d Unl e s s it b e c onfi ne d t o o nly t w o ; Thr e e are no c as k e t fo u r are all t h e w o rld S o s ay t o him s hr e wd tr u s t y b o y : I f th ou H as t s e cr e t thi ng s t o s ay t e ll u s in p e rs on Radab a s d am s e l s s aid t o o ne ano th e r Th e Li on h ath b e e n t ak e n in t h e t o il s -
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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O F FI R DA 0 5 1 ‘
wi s h e s o f Rudab a and o f zal H av e b e e n fu lfill e d and m att e r s pr o m i s e w e ll Th e bl ack e y e d y o u th w h o br o u ght t h e m o n arch s gifts A nd act e d fo r h im w e nt and t o ld h is chi e f I n s e cr e t wh at th o s e ch ar m i ng d am s e l s s aid z sl w e n t Th o s e r o s y I d o l s o f T ara z Dr e w ne ar and did o b e i s anc e H e i nqu ir e d Ab ou t th at Cypr e s s s t e m h e r m i e n and l o o k s H e r s p e e ch h e r wi s d o m and h e r r e d e t o s e e S p e ak h e s aid I f s h e w e r e w o rthy o f h im With o u t att e m pti ng t o pr e varic at e I f y e s p e ak tr u th it will advant ag e y o u Bu t if I thi nk th at y e i m p o s e u p o n m e A n e l e ph ant s h all tr am pl e y o u t o d e ath With ch e e k s th at h ad b e c o m e like s and ar ac Th e s l av e girl s ki s s e d t h e gr ou nd b e fo r e t h e chi e f A nd o ne o f th e m — t h e y o u ng e s t o f t h e tr o o p A girl o f t e nd e rne s s and r e ady s p e e ch S p ak e t hu s t o z al : A m o ng t h e m ighty no ne H at h e e r b e e n b o r n o f w o m an in thi s w o rld Wh o c o u ld c o m p ar e with S am in l o o k s and s t at u r e I n p u rity in c o u r ag e s e ns e and k no wl e dg e ; O r y e t wi t h th e e t h o u v ali ant c av ali e r O f l o fty b e ari ng and o f li o n li m b s ! O r with R adab a in h e r l o v e li ne s s A s ilv e r n Cypr e s s c o l o u r e d and p e rfu m e d C o m p act fr o m h e ad t o fo o t o f r o s e and j as m i ne Whil e o v e r it C ano p u s o f Y am an I s s hi ni ng H e r fac e dis t ille t h O ne w o u ld s ay Wine and h e r l o ck s are s c e nt s I ns idi ou s l as s o s F all fr o m h e r h e ad th at c u p o l a o f s ilv e r O e r ch e e k s o f r o s e s t o t h e v e ry gr o u nd H e r h e ad is all a twi ne with am b e rgri s A nd m u s k h e r p e r s o n all a— s hi ne with j e w e l s Th e
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TH E S H A H N A M A
PI R DA U S I
’
OF
Thi s day is j u s t lik e any o th e r o ne Th e r e is n o fo u l div in t h e r o s ary Tis s pri ng We g ath e r r o s e s in t h e g ard e n A nd s pik e s o f hy aci nth u p o n t h e gr o u n d M o o n fac e d R adaha b ad e and s o w e w e nt H e nc e aft e r r o s es o u t o f l o v e fo r h e r ; Th e n wh e r e fo r e s p e ak t o u s in s u ch a t o ne Fo r pl u cki ng th e m Bu t thi s is no t t h e ti m e fo r pr ank s lik e th e s e fo r b e ar in m ind H e s aid Th at Z all t h e chi e ft ain no w is at Kab u l Th e l an d is c o ve r e d w ith h is t e nt s and tr o o p s Do y e no t s e e Mihrab at e arly d aw n G o fr o m h is p al ac e g ate and m o u nt his s t e e d Why e v e ry day h e g o e th t o and fro N o w h e and z al h av e c o m e t o b e s u ch fri e nd s A nd if h e s aw y o u c arryi ng y o u r r os e s W o u ld h ave y o u d o w n u p on t h e gro u nd fo rth with Q u it no t t h e H ar am m o r e and w o u ld t o G o d Th at no thing gr e at o r s m all m ay c o m e o f t hi s Th e y w e nt wi t hi n and t o ld t h e M o o n in priv at e We n e e r s aw S u n like thi s with r u ddy ch e e ks A nd h air all whit e Radab a s h e art i nfl am e d I n e xp e ct ati o n o f b e h o ldi ng zal Th e y l aid h is j e w e l s and d inar s b e fo r e h e r Whil e s he m i nu t e ly qu e s ti o ne d th e m : H o w fou nd Th e s o n o f S am ? D o th h e d e s e rv e h is fam e ? Th e fi v e e n c o u r ag e d ch att e r e d o n an d s aid z si is t h e fi ne s t h o r s e man with s u ch m i e n A nd Gr ac e —a l o fty cypr e s s o f a m an I m p e ri al Gr ac e and dig nity are his Wh at fr agr anc e c o l o u r s t at u r e li mb s h e h ath H o w s li m a w ai s t and wh at an o p e n ch e s t ! H is e y e s are twi n n arci s s i w at e r bl u e .
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M IN
UOH I H R
2 69
H is
lip s lik e c o r al and his ch e e k s lik e bl o o d H is h and and fo r e ar m are lik e l i o n s p aw s A s hr e wd m an h e with an arch m age s h e art A nd r o y al Gr ac e ! whil e as fo r h is whit e h air I t is a bl e m i s h —b u t no c au s e fo r s h am e Thi s chi e f o f p al adi ns h ath d o w ny ch e e ks Like c e rci s bl o o m thr ou gh s ilv e r h ab e rg e o n S u ch as t o m ak e o ne cry : Be e v e r th u s N 0 ch ang e c an m ak e th e e d e ar e r th an th ou art We t o ld h im h e s h o u ld s e e th e e ; h e w as h o p e fu l Wh e n w e d e p art e d N o w d e vis e a s ch e m e T e ll u s wh at t o t e ll him To e nt e rt ai n h im S h e ans w e r e d : O nc e y e t o ld a di ffe r e n t t al e ! Thi s z si wh o w as t h e nu r s li ng o f a bird Was s o whi t e h e ad e d and s o wi z e ne d ! N o w H is ch e e k is lik e t h e c e rci s bl o o m and h e I s t all and h and s o m e and a p al adi n A nd y e h av e br agg e d ab ou t m y fac e t o him A nd as k e d fo r p ay m e nt fo r y o u r g o s s ipi ng S h e s p ak e with s m il e s and bl u s h e s o n h e r ch e e k s A s t we r e p o m e gr anate bl o o m s th e n b ad e o ne d am s e l : Be o ff with y o u at d awn T ak e h im g o o d ne w s H e ar wh at h e h ath t o s ay and s ay t o h im Thy wi s h is gr ant e d b e in r e adine s s C o m e and b e h o ld thy M o o n in all h e r ch ar m s Th e w aiting m aid d e p ar t e d g av e t h e m e s s ag e A nd c am e b ack t o t h e Cypr e s s o f T ar az D e vi s e s o m e m e ans t o c o m p as s it s h e s aid Fo r G o d h ath gr ant e d th e e thy wh o l e de s ir e A nd m ay th e e ndi ng b e a h appy o ne Radab a s o o n m ad e r e ady whil e h e r k in S h e h ad h e r o w n p avili o n S u s p e ct e d nau ght Lik e j c ou nd s pri ng and d e ck e d with gr e at m e n s p o rtr ait s Th e s e rv ant s dr ap e d it with br o c ad e o f Ch in .
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TH E S H A H N A M A
2 76
’
O F FI R DA U S I
g o ld e n tr ay s ab o u t as o rnam e nt s Th e n m i ngl e d wi ne with m u s k and am b e rgri s A nd s c att e r e d e m e r ald s and c ar ne li ans H e r e w e r e narci s s u s vi o l e t c e rci s bl o o m A nd r o s e th e r e lily and t h e j as m i ne — s pr ay Th e g o bl e t s w e r e c o m p act o f g o ld and t u rq u o i s e Th e vi and s s at u r at e with cl e ar r o s e w at e r ; Th u s fr o m t h e ch am b e r o f t h e s u n fac e d o ne R o s e fr agr ant o d o u rs w aft i ng t o t h e s u n S et
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H o w Z dl w ent t o R udaba
At d u s k th e y l o ck e d t h e g at e and t o o k t h e k e y A nd th e n a d am s e l w e nt t o z al and s aid All is pr e p ar e d s o c o m e Th e r e at t h e chi e f All w o o e r lik e s e t o u t t o w ard t h e p al ac e M e anwhil e bl ack e y e d and r o s y ch e ck e d Rii dab a A cypr e s s o v e r which t h e fu ll m o o n s h o ne We nt t o t h e r o o f and wh e n t h e s o n o f S am Th e c av ali e r app e ar e d th at high b o r n m aid Unl o ck e d h e r c o r al lip s and cri e d t o him Th ou art w e ll c o m e 0 y o u th o f no bl e birth Th e M ak e r s bl e s s ing b e o n th e e t h e arch O f circli ng h e av e n b e u nd e r ne ath thy fe e t A nd m ay m y m aid b e blith e o f h e art and gl ad Fo r t o p t o t o e th o u art as s h e d e s crib e d th e e To fo o t it th u s fr o m thy p avili o n M u s t irk thy r o y al fe e t H e h e ard t h e v o ic e A nd s aw u p on t h e w all a s u n ch e ck e d d am s e l Wh o s e b e au ty s e t t h e r o o f a gl e am lik e g e m s Wh o s e bl u s h e s s e t t h e gr ou nd a flu s h lik e r u bi e s ,
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TH E S H A N H AZ MA
2 72
PI R DA U S I
'
OF
H and cl as p e d in h and t o h e r p avili o n G o ld ar ab e s qu e d—a m e e t mg pl ac e for ki ngs A P ar adi s e ad o r ne d—a bl az e o f light S l av e girl s att e nde d o n t h e H o u ri th e r e Whil e z al in r apt as t o ni s h m e nt b e h e ld H e r fac e h e r h air h e r l o v e li ne s s and gr ac e H e r br ac e l e t s t o rq u e and e arring s : h e r br o c ad e A nd j e w e l s w e r e lik e g ard e ns in t h e s pr ing ; H e r ch e e k s w e r e lik e twi n t u lip s in a g arth ; H e r cri s py l o v e l o ck s twi s t e d c u rl o n c u rl Z it l s at in r o y al gr ac e b y t h at fair M o o n H is d agg e r in h is b e lt and o n his h e ad A r u by c o r o ne t R ada ha l o o k e d A nd lo c k e d with s t o l e n gl anc e s at h im s till ; L o o k e d at th at fo rm th at ne ck th at gr ac e th at h e ight Which u s e d t o m ak e r o ck s br am bl e s ne ath his m ac e A nd at th o s e ch e e k s wh o s e l u s tr e fir e d h e r s o u l Th e m o r e s h e g az e d t h e m o r e h e r h e art i nfl am e d Th e y ki s s e d and cl ung i nt o xic at e with l o v e Wh at li o n h u nt e th no t t h e o nag e r Th u s s p ak e t h e chi e ft ai n t o t h e m o o n fac e d m aid O s ilv e r b o s o m e d Cypr e s s m u s k p e rfu m e d Th e S hah will ne e r c o ns e n t and s am will wri ng H is h and s and s t o r m b u t s till by G o d I s w e ar Th at I will ne v e r br e ak m y tr o th t o th e e N ay I will fir s t h o ld s o u l and b o dy ch e ap A nd w e ar a s hr o u d I will s e e k G o d and pr ay H im With all t h e i ns t ancy o f d e vo t e e s To w as h all o pp o s iti o n wr ath and v e ng e anc e Fr o m b o th th e ir h e art s and if H e h e arke ne th Th o u s h alt b e c o m e my wife b e fo r e t h e w o rld I t o o s w e ar by H im Radab a ans w e r e d : Th e G o d o f F aith and right —th at no ne b u t zal S h all b e m y l o rd ; t h e M ak e r is my wit ne s s ,
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M I N (IOH I H R
Th e ir l o v e w ax e d e ve r as t h e m o m e nt s s p e d Fo r wi s d o m w as afar and p as s i o n ne ar S o far e d th e y till t h e day b e g an t o br e ak zal far e w e ll e d his M o o n A nd dr u m c all s o u nd e d E m br acing h e r as w arp and w o o f e m br ac e B o th w e pt and b o th adj u r e d t h e ri s i ng s u n O gl o ry o f t h e w o rld ! o ne m o m e nt m o r e ! Th o u ne e ds t no t ris e s o s o o n Th e n fr o m al o ft zal dro pp e d h is l as s o and d e s c e ndi ng s tr aight We nt fr o m t h e p al ac e o f h is l o v e ly m at e ,
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H o w Z al
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w arri o r s wh e n bright S o l r o s e o e r t h e hills W e nt t o t h e l e v e e o f t he p al adin A nd th e n di s p e r s e d whil e z al b ad e c all t h e s age s Th e y c ame—t h e m inis t e r s arch m age s h e ro e s A nd gl o ri o u s chi e ft ai ns m e n b o th wi s e and ard e nt W e ll pl e as e d at b e ing s u m m o ne d zal all s m il e s A n d y e ar ni ng o ffe r e d firs t h is pr ai s e t o G o d Th e n r o u s e d t h e archi m ag e s t o att e nti o n By thu s addr e s s i ng th e m : Le t all o u r h e art s R e gard with fe ar and h o p e t h e right e o u s J u dg e Wh o is t h e L o rd o f circling s u n and m o o n A nd s h o w e t h s o u l s t h e w ay o f right e o u s ne s s To giv e H im all t h e pr ai s e t h at w e c an gi v e We m u s t b o w d o wn b e fo r e H im night and day By H im t h e j o c u nd w o rld abid e th fas t By H im is j u s tic e d o ne in h e ave n and e arth H e bri ng e th s u m m e r s pri ng and au t u m n tid e With fr u it t o fill t h e br anch e s o f t h e vine s ; Th e
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1
68
TH E S H A H N A M
Y o u th h ath fr o m
A
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O F PI R DA U S I
c e nt and b l o o m A ge h ath fr o m H im it s ti m e o f s add e ne d l o o k s N o ne c an tr ans gr e s s H is will and o rd inan c e With o u t H im no t an ant c an w alk t h e e arth H e bri ng e th i n cr e as e t o t h e w o rld by p air s A nd no t by o ne th e r e is no O ne b u t G o d Wh o h ath no t any p artne r m at e o r p e e r Bu t all H is cr e at u r e s h ath H e m ad e in p air s Thi s w as H is s ch e m e —e arth and it s g o o d for m an ; Bu t s av e fo r p airi ng w e h ad ne v e r k no wn I t s p o s s ibiliti e s Ag ain w e ne v e r S e e y o u th u nm at e d s t abl e in t h e F aith A nd thirdly m e n th o u gh o f a m ighty s t o ck U nm at e d l o s e th e ir vig o u r Wh at c an s h o w M o r e g o o dly th an a chi e f o f p al adi ns Wh o s e s o u l is gl add e ne d by h is pr o g e ny H e at life s cl o s e will h av e a N e w Y e ar s Day I n childr e n w h o will k e e p h is m e m o ry thu s This is t h e s o n o f Z e nt h e s o n o f S am T h u s cr o w n an d thr o ne are gr ac e d ; t h e fath e r s ti m e B e i ng o v e r fo rt u ne r e s t e th with t h e s o n All th e s e apply t o m i ne o wn c as e and are The r o s e s and narci s s i o f m y g ard e n My h e art is l o s t m y wi s d o m fl e d ! D e cl ar e I h av e n o t s p o k e n Th e r e m e dy fo r thi s B e fo r e I s u ffe r e d b o th in br ain and wits Th e p al ac e o f Mihrab — I l o v e it all ! H is l an d is h e av e n t o m e fo rwhy m y h e art R ej o ic e th in t h e d au ght e r o f S indu k h t Wh at s ay y e no w ? Will S am t o o b e r ej o ic e d A nd will S hah M imich ih r if h e s h all h e ar R e gard it m e r e ly as a yo u thfu l e rr o r ? All— gr e at and s m all— in m arryi ng b u t o b e y N o wis e m an Th e l aw s o f F aith and c u s t o m Will b ar wh at h o no u r and r e ligi o n s ancti o n H im it s
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TH E S H A H N A M A
2 76
A nd
OF
PI R DA U S I
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prai s e d t h e M ak e r and t h e J u dg e Th e S ou rc e o fj oy and m ight t h e L o rd o f V e nu s O f S O 1 and M ars o f b e i ng and no t b e ing We all o f u s are s l av e s and G o d is One M ay H e bl e s s S am t h e s o n o f N ar im a n Th e l o rd o f m ac e o f s ci m it ar and h e l m Wh o s e bl ack s t e e d b o u nde t h in t h e d u s t o f fight Wh o glu t t e t h v u ltu r e s wh e n h e m ak e th w ar Who r ais e th t e m p e s t s o n t h e b attl e fi eld Wh o s h e dd e th g o u t s o f bl o o d fr o m m u rky cl ou d s Wh o h andl e th go ld e n b e l t s and di ad e m s A nd s e tt e th ki ngs u p o n th e ir thr o ne s o f go ld H is br av e ry ach ie v e t h fe at o n fe at A nd th e y e x alt h is nam e The re liv e th no t N o r e v e r will a c av ali e r s o br av e H is thr all am I and l o v e h im h e art and s ou l H e s aw h o w I w as b o r n and ill s h av e c o m e S i nc e th e n u p o n m e fr o m t h e r o lli ng s k y My fath e r w o r e l u x u ri o u s fu rs and s ilk s ; M e t h e S im u rgh b ar e t o a m o u n t in I nd F ain w as I th at t h e bird s h o u ld bri ng m e pr e y A nd nu m b e r m e am o ng it s littl e o nes My s ki n w as s c o rch e d by bl as t m ine e y e s w e r e s t o pp e d With d us t Th e y u s e d t o c all m e s o n o f S am Th ou gh h e was o n a thro ne I in a n e s t S i nc e G o d o rd ai ne d and m ad e this w ay fo r m e N o ne s c ape t h H is o rd ai nm e nt t h o u gh o ne fly A m o ng t h e cl o u d s gnaw s p e arh e ad s r e nd t h e hid e s O f li o ns with his s h o u ti ng y e a alth ou gh H is t e e th are anvil s h e is s till G o d s s l av e A thing h ath h app e ne d which I c anno t t e ll To e v e ry o ne and I am br o k e n h e art e d H o wb e it a s ir e th o u gh fi e rc e and dr ag o n lik e S h o u ld h e arke n t o t h e s e cr e t s o f h is child My t e ar s are fo r t h e d au ght e r o f Mihrab firs t
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M I N IJ OH I H R
if c o ns u med in r agi ng fi re Th e s t ar s are m y c o m p ani o ns in t h e night My br e as t is lik e a s e a I l o s e m y wit s S o th at my p e o pl e w e e p y e t th o u gh s o r e tr o u bl e d I will no t dr aw a br e at h b u t at thy w o rd V Wh at d o th t h e chi e f o f p al adins c o mm and 7 Oh fr e e my m i nd fr o m thi s di s tre ss and gri e f Th e archi m ag e s h av e advi s e d m e t h u Le t no t t h e chi e ft ain k e e p h is J e w e l hidd e n Bu t ac t with l o y alty My s ir e p e rch anc e Will s e c o nd m e h e r e in th at I m ay m ak e Th e d au ghte r o f Mihrab my l awfu l wife My fath e r will r e m e m b e r th at wh e n G o d R e s t o r e d m e t o h im o u t o f M o u nt Albu r z H e pl e dg e d his w o rd in pr e s e nc e o f h is m e n I will no t fr u s tr at e o ne wis h o f thy h e art N o w thi s it is wh e re o n m y h e art is s e t A h o r s e m an l e ft Kab u l at lightni ng s p e e d To go t o S am and t o o k a s e c o nd h o r s e Fo r zal dire cte d : S h o u ld o ne r o ads t e r fo u nd e r S t ay no t t o bre ath e b u t lightly m o u nt t h e o th e r A n d h u rry o n t o S am Th e m e s s e nge r W e nt like t h e wi nd u p o n a s t e e d o f s t e e l Wh e n h e w as dr awing ne ar t h e Kargas ars S am w h o w as h u nti ng o n a r ang e o f hill s B e h e ld h im fro m afar and t o ld h is c o m r ad e s Th e r e c o m e th fr o m Kab u l a m e s s e nge r Up o n a whit e s te e d o f z ab u lis tan S e nt d o u btl e ss ly by zal s o le t u s l e ar n H is ne w s Th e m an appr o achi ng kis s e d t h e gr o u nd With m any th ank s t o G o d S am w e lc o m e d h im A nd t oo k t h e l e tt e r whil e t h e m an di s ch arg e d S am u ndid and r e ad t h e l e tt e r H is e rr and s I
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1
72
TH E S H A H N A M A
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O F FI R DA U S I
Whil e c o m ing fr o m t he mo u nt ai ns p al e d and h alte d I n w o nd e r no t e xp e cti ng o r c o mm e ndi ng z al s c o n d u ct Ye t h e th o u ght t is nat u r al O ne nu rt u r e d by a bir d w ou ld h ank e r th u s Wh e n h e r e t u rne d h e p o nd e r e d l o ng and d e e ply Thi s is no t w e ll A nd s aid : I f I s h all s ay O pp o s e m e no t i ncline t o wi s d o m s w ays B o th G o d and m an will bl am e m y br e ach o f faith I f I s ay Ye s and Thy d e s ir e is go o d Do as th o u wilt wh at w ill th e ir o ffs pri ng b e Thi s nu r s li ng o f t h e fo wl and th at d iv s child ? H e l aid h im d o w n in gri e f b u t c ou ld no t re s t Th e h ard e r any s e rvan t s t as k t h e m o r e H is h e art is h e avy and h is s u ffe ri ng s o r e Th e gr e at e r p e ac e and c o m fo rt s h all h e k no w Withi n wh e n G o d Al m ighty will e th s o ,
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wh e n h e w o k e as k e d t h e as tr o l o ge r s H o w will thi s e nd fo r t h e s e t w o e l e m e nt s L ike fi re and w at e r are o pp o s e d c o m pl e t e ly ? S u ch s u r e ly o n t h e J u dg m e nt Day w ill b e Th e w arfar e o f Z ahh ak and Faridii n C o ns u lt t h e s t ar s v o u ch s afe m e y o u r advic e A nd pu t y o u r pe n p o in t t o a l u cky s ign Th e y s p e nt t h e day in s e archi ng and th e n c am e To s am with s m il e s fo r o pp o s it e s c o m bine d I n h is b e h alf and an as t r o l o g e r H e r o o f t h e g o ld e n b e lt w e brin g S aid : G o o d ne w s ab o u t t h e d au ght e r o f Mihrab A nd zal for th e y will b e a gl o ri o u s p air Wh o s e s o n will pr o v e a mighty El e ph ant ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A O F
T o ward daw n pl ai n
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P I R DA U S I
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s
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d o f dru m s and cl ari o ns Ab o u t t h e e ntr an c e o f t he t e n t e ncl os u r e A nd S am m arch e d t o fra n by Dah is t an Th e m e s s e ng e r r e t u r ne d t o zal in tri u m ph “l it h o m e ns o f s u cc e s s Wh e n h e arrive d z al w as w e ll c o nt e n t H e t o ld S a m s ans w e r A nd o ffe r e d pr ai s e s t o Al m ighty G o d Fo r thi s gr e at m e rcy and h is bli s s fu l fat e H e l avi s h e d o n t h e p o o r dr ach m s and d inars A n d s h o w e d e s p e ci al ki nd ne s s t o his kindr e d I nv o ki ng bl e s s ings o n t h e chi e ft ain S am Fo r h avi ng s e nt a g e ntl e ans w e r b ack H e c o u ld no t r e s t by day o r s l e e p by nigh t H e dr ank n o wine d e s ir e d no m i ns tr e l s y ; H is h e art w as alw ay s y e arni ng fo r h is brid e ; H e c o u ld n o t t alk o f any o ne b e s id e t oo the
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A d am e o f h o ni e d s p e e ch w as go b e tw e e n A nd bo r e t h e l o v e r s gr e e t i ngs t o and fro Zal c all e d thi s w o m an t o ld ab ou t h is s ir e S ay G o t o Radab a A n d s aid t o h e r : e 0 B e au ty kind and y o u ng ! wh e n m at t e r s c o m To gri e v o u s s tr ait s w e qu ickly fi nd a k e y N o w t h e m e s s e ng e r Fo r th e ir e nl arg e m e nt H ath c o m e fr o m S am r ej o ici ng with g o o d ne w s S am hu mm e d an d h aw e d b u t in t h e e nd c o ns e n t e d z al s e nt his fath e r s l e tt e r by t h e w o m an Wh o hu rri e d with t h e go o d ne w s t o Rudab a -
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M I N (IOH I H R
281
Th at fay fac e d d ams e l s h owe r e d dr ach m s u p o n h e r Pl ac e d h e r u p o na g o ld e m br o ide r e d s e at A nd fo r h e r ne w s g av e h e r a ch ang e o f r ai m e n t ; Th e n br o u ght an I ndi an t u rb an w o v e n s o fi ne ly Th at w arp and w o o f w e r e no t dis ting u i s h abl e With p att e rn s wr ou ght th e r e o n in g o ld and ru bi e s S o th at t h e g o ld w as hidd e n by t h e g e m s Thi s and a c os tly fi nge r ri ng t o m atch A s bright as J u pit e r s h e s e n t t o zal With m any gr e e ti ngs m any m e s s ag e s S indu k h t o b s e rve d t h e w o m an in t h e h all A nd cri e d : Wh e nc e art th o u ? S p e ak ! Di s s embl e -
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Th o u p ass e s t in and ou t fro m ti m e t o ti m e With o u t r e g ard t o m e I mu ch s u s p e c t th e e Wilt th o u no t s ay if th o u art s tri ng o r b o w ? With fac e lik e s and ar ac s h e ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd A nd ans w e r e d th u s : A ne e dy w o m an I Wh o h av e t o ge t my living as I c an ; I vi s it h o u s e s o f t h e g e ntl e fo lk Wh o p u rch as e cl o th e s o f m e and j e w e lry R adaha wis h e d t o b u y rich ge m s and tri nke t s ; I br o u ght t o h e r a g o ld ad o r ne d ti ar a A nd h o o p o f r oy al g e m s S indu kh t s aid : S h o w th e m A nd q u e nch m y wr ath I l e ft th e m with Rii dab a The w o m an ans w e r e d and am fe tchi ng m o r e S h o w m e t h e p u rch as e m on e y s aid S indu k h t A nd s e t m y h e art at r e s t Th e w o m an ans w e r e d Th e m o o n fac e d l ady t o ld m e s h e w o u ld pay To m o rr o w Wait u ntil I h ave t h e mo ne y P e rc e iving th at s h e li e d S indu kh t u s e d fo rc e S e arch e d u p h e r s l e e ve s and fou nd h e r k nav e ry .
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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O F FI R DA U S I
S indu kh t dis co v e ring R11 dab a s ’
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ring A nd c o s tly s tu ffs w as v e ry wr o th a nd c atchi ng Th e w o m an by t h e tr e s s e s fl u ng h e r d o w n Up o n h e r fac e and in a b u r s t o f r ag e H al e d h e r in s h am e fu l plight al o ng t h e gr o u nd Th e n le t h e r fall and b o u nd and s pu r ne d and s m o t e h e r Th e q u e e n r e t u r ne d in d u dg e o n t o t h e p al ac e O e rwh e lm e d with di s app o int m e nt p ai n and gri e f S hu t h e r s e lf in and w as as o ne b e m u s e d S h e s e nt t o c all h e r d au ght e r and t h e whil e K e pt b u ffe ting h e r fac e and fr o m h e r e ye s Th o s e w e t narcis s i— b ath e d h e r b u r ni ng ch e e k s ; Th e n t o Radab a : O th o u no bl e M o o n ! Why ch o os e s t th o u t h e ditch and no t th e thr o ne ? I n wh at r es p e ct c an I h av e fail e d t o t e ach th e e Pr o pri e ty in p u blic and in privat e My pr e tty ! wh e r e fo r e h as t th o u wr onge d m e s o ? T e ll m o th e r all thy s e cr e t s —wh o d e s p atch e d Thi s d am e t o th e e and why Wh at is all thi s Wh o is t h e m an fo r wh o m thi s s pl e ndid t u rb an A nd fi nge r ri ng are m e ant ? I n th at gr e at tr e as u r e Th e Ar abi an cr o w n—m u ch g o o d and ill w as l e ft u s Wilt fli ng it t o t h e wind s ? I t h ad a nam e M ay m o th e r ne v e r b e ar a child lik e m ine Budab a l o o ke d aw ay and h u ng h e r h e ad I n o v e rwh e l m in g s h am e b e fo r e h e r m o th e r A nd t e ar s o f l o v e d e s c e ndi ng gr ac e d h e r ch e e k s 0 m o s t wi s e m o th e r ! th u s s h e m ad e r e ply L o v e h u nt e th d o w n my s o u l b u t I h ad wr o u ght N o g o o d o r ill h ad s t th o u no t b o rne m e firs t Th e chi e ft ain o f Z éb u l is at Kab u l A nd l o v e o f h im s o fi re t h m e and thi ng s H av e c o m e t o s u ch a p as s withi n my h e art Th at if in o th e r s pr e s e nc e or al o ne I w e e p and o nl y liv e t o s e e h is fac e ,
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TH E S H A H N A
PI RDA U s r '
MA O F
16
H o w M ihrab w as made A ware
f
o
his Daught e r s Cas e ’
Mihrab m u ch gr atifi e d by z srs atte nti o ns R e t u r ni ng fo u nd S indu k h t u p o n h e r c o u ch P al e and di s tr e s s e d ; h e as k e d h er : Wh at h ath h app e ne d S p e ak ! Wh e r e fo r e are thy r o s y lip s th u s fad e d S h e s aid : I h av e b e e n m u s ing fo r a whil e Ab o u t th e s e g o o dly tr e as u r e s and thi s w e alth Th e s e Ar ab s t e e d s c ap ari s o ne d t hi s p al ac e S o no bl e and it s pl e as u r e gr o u nd s t h e fri e nd s Wh o ch e e r o u r h e art s th e s e s e rvant s o f my l o rd O u r fav o u r and o u r s t at u r e cypr e s s t all O u r fam e o u r k no wl e dg e and o u r p o licy I n ti m e ou r prid e and gl o ry m u s t ab at e ; We yi e ld th e m t o t h e fo e ; o u r t o il is wind ; A narr o w bi e r is o u r s at l as t We pl ant A tr e e wh o s e antid o t e is b ane t o u s We w at e r it l ab o ri o u s ly and h ang Th e r e o n o u r cr o wn and w e alth b u t wh e n it m o u nte th S u nw ard and giv e th s h ad e it s l u s ty h e ad D e s c e nd e th t o t h e d u s t Wi t h thi s b e fo r e u s I kno w no t wh e r e w e e v e r s h all fi nd r e s t Mihrab r e pli e d : Th o u t e ll e s t an o ld t al e I t is t h e fas hi o n o f thi s W ay s id e I n O ne is ab as e d ano th e r flo u ris h e t h O ne c o m e th in ano th e r g o e th o u t C ans t th ou s e e o ne wh o m h e ave n h u nt e th no t ? Fr e t as w e will o u r Woe s r e m ai n ; w e c anno t C o nt e nd ag ains t t h e All j u s t J udg e S h e ans w e r e d Th e wi s e w o u ld t ak e a v e r y di ffe r e nt vi e w ,
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M I N IIOH I H R
2 85
id N o w c an I hid e fr o m th e e A s e cr e t s u ch as thi s and th e s e grav e d o i ngs ? A bl e s s ed wi s e arch m age o nc e t o ld h is child Th e p ar abl e o f t h e tr e e which I ad o pt e d I n h o p e m y l o rd w o u ld u nd e r s t and t h e m e aning S h e h u ng h e r h e ad and b e nt h e r cypr e s s fo r m H e r e y e s dr o pp e d de w u p o n he r r os y ch ee k s O fu ll o f wi s d o m s h e w e n t o n t o s ay Th e s k y mu s t no t r e vo lve ab o v e u s th u s Kno w th at t h e s o n o f S am h ath s triv e n t o s nar e Rii dab a and m i s l e d h e r ard e nt h e art N o w t is fo r u s t o fi nd a r e m e dy I h av e e xh o rt e d h e r with o u t av ail H e r h e art I s ee is tr o u bl e d h e r fac e w an Th e r e at Mihrab s pr ang u p and s e i z e d h is s w o rd H is ch e e k gr e w livid and h is b o dy s h o o k With r ag e ; h is h e art w as fu ll h e gr o ane d and cri e d H e r bl o o d s h all fl o w fo r thi s S induk h t s pr ang t o o Cl as p e d him ab o u t t h e w ai s t and cri e d : N o w h e ar Thy h and m aid s p e ak o ne w o rd th e n do wh at h e art A nd wi s d o m c o u ns e l th e e H e s h oo k h er o ff A nd b e ll o w e d lik e a m add e ne d e l e ph ant I s h o u ld h av e c u t h e r h e ad o ff at h e r birth I l e ft h e r gr and s ir e s w ay and le t h e r liv e ; N o w s h e h ath wr o u ght o n m e thi s d e vilry Th e s o n w h o w alk e th no t his fath e r s p ath I s b u t a b as t ard in a br av e m an s e y e s Thu s s aid t h e l e o p ard gr o w n k e e n cl aw e d for s trife I gl o ry in t h e c o nflict and I w is My s ir e i nh e rit e d t h e t as t e fr o m h is L ife m u s t b e ri s k e d wh e n h o nou r is in s ight Why s t riv e s t th o u t o s t ay m e fr o m t h e fight ? I f S am and M inii chihr s h all ge t a h andl e O f wh at I
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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O F F I R DA U S I
Ag ains t u s s m o k e will go u p fr o m Kab u l S e e dti m e and h arv e s t c e as e thr o u gh o u t t h e l and S h e s aid : O m archlo rd ! do no t s p e ak s o wildly S am kno w e th all : b e no t s o gr e atly m o v e d H e l e ft t h e Kargas ars fo r thi s : all k n o w it Mihrab r e pli e d : F air d am e ! d e c e iv e m e no t C ou ld o ne i m agine wind o b e yi ng d u s t I c ar e no t I s o th o u c ans t k e e p u s s c athl e s s A b e tt e r s o n in law th an no bl e zal Th e r e c anno t b e as all k no w gr e at and s m all Wh o is th e r e fr o m Ahwa z t o K and ahar Th at w is h e t h no t t o b e affi ne d t o S am ? Gr e at pri nc e ! ne e r m ay I b e e nfo rc e d S h e s aid : To u s e d e c e it with th e e ; thy h ar m is m i ne ; I s h ar e thy s o rr o w s Wh at I s aid is tr u e I h ad at fir s t A nd it w as o n my m i nd My s e lf t h e s am e m i s givi ng which is why Th o u s aw s t m e lyi ng d o wn ab s o rb e d in gri e f ; Bu t if thi s is t o be t is n o t s o s tr ang e A s t o o cc as i o n thi s anxi e ty S arv o f Y am an pl e as e d F ar idun ; pri nc e z sl I s no t u nm i ndfu l o f th at pr e c e d e n t By m i ngling fi re with w at e r air with e arth E arth s d ark fac e is m ad e bright S h e br o u ght S a m s ans w e r R ej o ic e ! Th o u h as t thy wi s h Wh e n A nd s aid : s tr ang e r s Affi ne with th e e thy fo e s gr o w bl ack o f fac e Th o u gh v e ng e fu l s till and gr e atly mo ve d Mihrab G av e e ar th e n b ade h e r : R ou s e and bring Rudab a S indu k h t in t e rr o r l e s t th at li o n m an S h o u ld lay h e r d au ght e r d e ad u p o n t h e du s t R e plie d : Fir s t pr o m i s e t o re s t o re h e r t o m e U ns c ath e d and th at Kab u lis t an s h all s till P os s e s s thi s R o s ary l ik e P ar adi s e ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
PI RDA U S I
‘
OF
17
H o w M inuchihr heard
f
o
the Cas e
f
o
Z cil
and
Buddha
of th e
fri e nd s hip o f Mihrab and zal A nd o f th at no bl e ill m atch e d p air o f l o v e r s R e ach e d M inii ch ihr Th e m att er w as dis c u s s e d B e fo r e h im by t h e arch m age s S aid t h e S hah A di s m al ti me will c o m e o n u s h e r e by Did F aridun p u rg e thi s w o rld o f Z ahh ak Th at at Kab u l Mihrab—h is s e e d—m ight fl o u ri s h Thi s l o v e o f za rs mu s t no t thr o u gh o u r ne gl e ct R e s t o r e t h e dr o o ping pl ant t o it s o ld vig o u r I f fr o m t h e d au ght e r o f Mihrab and z ai Th e s o n o f S am a s h arp S w o rd s h ou ld b e dr awn O n o n e s id e h e will b e an ali e n A nd h o w s h all antid o t e agr e e with b ane ? Whil e if h e fav o u r e th t h e m o th e r s s id e H is h e ad will b e p o s s e s s e d by e vil pr oj e ct s H e will fu lfil Ira n with s trife and tr av ail I n h o p e t o w in t h e cr o w n and tr e as u r e b ack Wh at is y o u r r e d e ? S triv e t o advis e m e w e ll Th e n all t h e archim ag e s bl e s s e d t h e S hah Th e y h ail e d h im as t h e ki ng o f t h e P u r e Fal t h Th o u art m o r e wi s e th an w e and h as t A nd s aid : M o r e p o w e r t o ac t Le t wi s d o m b e thy g u id e A nd wi s d o m s qu arry is t h e Dr ag o n s h e art Th e S hah d e s ir ou s t o c o n cl u d e t h e m att e r S e nt for N and ar with li e ge s and gr e at m e n A nd b ad e h im : Go t o S am t h e c av ali e r A s k : Wh at h ath b e e n thy fo rt u ne in t h e w ar ? A nd h avi ng s e e n him s ay : C o m e hith e r fir s t A nd j ou r ne y h o m e fr o m u s N au d ar s e t fo rth A nd v ali ant s sm i nfo r m e d o f h is appr o ach N e ws
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M I N tI OH I H R
2 89
W e nt with t h e p al adi ns t o w e lc o m e h im With m ighty e l e ph ant s and k e ttl e dru m s Ano n th e y m e t and i nt e rch ange d th e ir gr e e ti ngs Th e h e r o S am r ej o ic e d t o s e e t h e pri nc e Who gave his fath e r s m e s s age S am r e pli e d I will o b e y and j o y t o l o o k o n him Fo r th at day th e y r e m ai ne d t h e g u e s t s o f S am Th e s ight o f wh o m r ej o ic e d t h e c o m p any ; Th e y s pre ad t h e b o ard th e y t o o k t h e c u p in h and A nd fir s t th e y dr ank t h e h e alth o f M iniic hih r The n o f N and ar and th e n o f S am and all Th e chi e ft ains no t fo rg e tti ng any pr o vi nc e Th e liv e l o ng night w as s p e nt in r e v e lry Bu t with t h e s u nri s e r o s e t h e din o f ty m b al s ; 1 Th e s p e e dy dr o m e d ari e s s pr e ad th e ir wing s A nd t o w ard t h e p al ac e o f S hah M inii c h ih r Th ey w e nt as bidd e n Wh e n h e h e ard th e r e o f H e h ad t h e p al ac e o f t h e S hah s pr e p ar e d The n fr o m S ari and fr o m A m u l r o s e din A s wh e n a fi e rc e s e a h e av e t h fo r t h e s p e ar m e n M arch e d in th e ir m ail with h e avy d art s a h o s t Th at r e ach e d fr o m r ang e t o r ang e with s hi e ld o n s hi e ld Wh o s e re d and ye ll o w bl e nt with tym b al s pip e s G o ngs Ar ab h o r s e s e l e ph an t s and t re as u r e s O n s u ch a fas hi o n m arch e d th at ar m am e n t With fl ag s and k e ttl e dr u m s o n w e lc o me b e nt .
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1
H o w 8 am
8
me to M inuchihr
ca
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r each e d t h e c ou rt alit and w as r e c e iv e d In au di e nc e by t h e S h ah at s ight o f wh o m H e ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd and th e n appr o ach e d pr e s e nc e ; M t ph oric all y of c r e ,
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TH E S H A H N A MA
6
29
OF
P I RDA
'
US I
Whil e M inri chih r e nc ro wne d with s p arkli ng ge ms R o s e fr o m his iv o ry thr o ne and m ad e S am s it B e s id e h im s h o we d t h e chi e ft ai n all o b s e rv anc e A nd q u e s ti o ne d h im at l arg e and anxi o u s ly Ab ou t t h e Kargas ars abo u t h is tr o o p s Ab ou t t h e fi e rc e d ivs o f Ma z and ara n L iv e h appy eve r Th e chi e f t o ld all and s aid : 0 S hah I N e e r m ay fo e s m alic e t ou ch thy life I m arch e d u p o n th at l and o f v ali an t d ivs A nd s u ch d iv s t o o lik e li o ns in t h e fight M o r e s wift th an Ar ab h o rs e s and o u t d aring Th e w arri o rs o f Ira n ! Th e fi e rc e S ags ars P ard s in t h e fr ay— c o nc e r ne d at m i ne appr o ach S e nt u p t h e b attl e cry withi n th e ir citi e s A n d all t u r ne d o u t t o fi gh t — a m ighty h o s t Fr o m m o u nt ain u nt o m o u nt ain nau ght b u t m e n S o th at t h e bright day v ani s h e d in t h e d u s t All e ag e r fo r t h e fr ay th e y c am e u p o n m e C am e with a r e ckl e s s r u s h ! A p anic fe ll Up o n m y tr o o p s H o w s h all I b e ar I th o u ght Thi s ang u i s h ? and I s aw no t ; fo r t h e br u nt I r o ar e d ag ai ns t th e m H ad fall e n th e n o n m e 1 whirl d a a c th a t w igh e d hr e h u n dr d m a n t m e e e e s I e I c am e am o ng th e m A nd u rg e d m i ne ir o n s t ee d A nd br aine d th e m till t h e fo e w as p anic s trick e n Th e gr and s o n o f t h e v ali ant w o rldlo rd S al m A s tw e r e a w o lf w as fo r e m o s t o f th e m all Th e y o u th w as nam e d K ark w i a l o ft y Cypr e s s D es c e nd e d thr o u gh h is m o th e r fr o m Z ah h ak Th e h e ad s o f no bl e s w e r e b u t d u s t t o h im H is ar m y thr o ng e d lik e l o c u s ts o r lik e ant s Wh e n t h e d u s t A nd hid d al e pl ai n and m o u nt ai n R o s e fr o m th at gr e at h os t and my tr o o p s t u rne d p al e I r e ar e d t h e m ac e wh e r e o f o ne bl o w s u ffi ce t h ,
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A Pe
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tly in diff r nt l c liti
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292
P I RDA U S I
'
TH E S H A H N A M A
OF
w o rld fr e e d fr o m h is foe s Th e night p as s e d qu ickly I n r e v e lry and pr ai s e s o f t h e chi e ft ai n At d aw n t h e S hah h e ld au di e nc e s am dr e w ne ar A nd h avi ng d o n e o b e i s anc e s ou ght t o s p e ak Ab o u t Mihrab and z al b u t w as pr e v e nt e d By M iniich ih r w h o s aid with angry l o o k s D e p art with ch o s e n chi e fs b u r n H indii s t an Th e p al ac e o f Mihrab and all Kab u l Le t no t Mihrab e s c ap e ; h e is a r e m nant L e ft o f t h e Dr ag o n s s e e d and fi lle t h e arth With t u rm o il A s fo r h is alli e s and ki ndr e d S m it e o ff th e ir h e ad s and p u rify t h e w o rld Of all t h e kith and ki ndr e d o f Zah h ak S am d ar e d no t s p e ak s o wr athfu l w as t h e S hah Bu t ki s s e d t h e thr o ne th e n g e n tly pr e s s e d h is fac e Ag ai ns t t h e fam o u s s igne t and r e pli e d My c o nd u ct s h all acqu it t h e S hah o f v e nge anc e Th e n with h is h o s t h e s ou ght his o w n ab o d e O n s t e e d s th at w e nt lik e wi nd al o ng t h e r o ad Th e
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19
H o w S am w ent t o
War
aga ins t
M ihrab
Mihrab and z si b ad ne w s o f wh at h ad p as s e d B e tw e e n t h e S hah and s am Kab u l w as m o v e d A nd cri e s r o s e fr o m t h e p al ac e o f M ihrab N o w wh e n S indu k h t Mihrab and e e n Rii dab a D e s p air e d o f s avi ng e ith e r life o r g o o d s z enl e ft Kab u l e xcl ai mi ng as h e w e n t With dr o o pi ng m i e n y e t r e s o l u t e with al Th e Dr ag o n gri m wh o s e br e ath w o u ld bu r n t h e w o rld M u s t t ak e m y h e ad o ff e re h e t ou ch Kabu l I n gr e at c o nc e r n h e h as t e d o n h is j o u rne y With mu ch t o t hink ab o u t and m u ch t o s ay ,
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M IN
UCH I H R '
29 3
N e ws r e ach e d br av e 8 am : Th e Li o n s Wh e lp h ath c o me Th e tr o o p s b e s tirr e d th e m s e lv es and go t in r e adi ne s s Th e y b e at t h e t y m b als Th e fl ag o f F aridi m A nd chi e f and h o s t w e nt ou t t o w e lc o m e z si Wi t h e l e ph ant s wh o s e b ack s w e r e drap e d with b anne r s zal o n s e e i ng O f y e ll o w re d and vi o l e t H is fath e r s fac e alight e d and appr o ach e d Afo o t as did t h e chi e fs o f b o th t h e h o s t s S am s p e nt a w hil e A nd br av e z sl ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd I n c o nv e r s e with h is s o n w h o th e n r e m o unt e d H is ch e s t nu t Ar ab lik e a hill o f g o ld While all t h e chi e fs appro ach e d him in c o n c e r n Thy fath e r is di s pl e as e d with th e e th e y t o ld h im ; M ak e thi ne e x c u s e and b e no t o b s ti nat e I fe ar no t fo r m an s e nd is d u s t H e s aid : My s ir e if s ane will no t u ns ay h is w o rd s A nd if at fir s t h e s p e ak e th angrily Will aft e r w e e p fo r s h am e Th e y r e ach e d S a m s c o u rt With m u ch g o o d ch e e r H e light e d and g ave au di e nc e To z al w h o ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd b e fo r e h is s ir e 1 With ru ffl e d fe ath e rs o ffe ring pr ai s e whil e t e ar s F e ll fr o m h is e y e s and w as h e d his r o s y ch e e k s Gl ad b e t h e p al adin s s hr e wd h e art h e s aid A nd m ay his s pirit b e t h e s l av e o fj u s tic e Thy falchi on s c o rc h e t h ad am an t e arth w e e p e th Wh e n th o u art fighti ng Wh e r e thy ch arg e r pranc e t h Th e l aggi ng s o ldi e rs h as t e and v e rily Wh e r e h e ave n h ath fe lt t h e s t o r m bl as t o f thy m ac e I t dare t h no t arr ay it s h o s t Al l e arth I s ve rd ant with thy j u s tic e and t h e S pirit O f wi s d o m is a s e e dli ng o f thy s t o ck All j oy in thy j u s t d e ali ng ; e arth and ti me Z nis re gard d m e taph oricall y a ha lf b i d Cf pp 3 0 2 3 0 4 ’
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TH E S H A H N A M A
2 94
R e c e iv e it
PI RDA U S I
’
OF
thy h and s S o do no t I ; I h av e n o s h ar e th o u gh thi ne ack no wl e dg e d kin s m an I am t h e d u s t fe d nu r s li ng o f a bird A nd k no w no fe u d with any and no fau lt To gi v e o cc as i o n t o an e ne m y S av e thi s th at S am t h e h e r o is m y s ir e A nd m ine acc o m pli s h m e n t b e ne at h s u ch birth O r e v e r I w as b o rn th o u did s t e xp o s e m e Up o n t h e m o u nt ai ns h arr o wi ng my m o th e r A nd givi ng t o t h e fl am e s a thri v ing child I s aw no cr adl e and no br e as t o f m ilk I h ad no m e m o ry o f any kin dr e d Fo r th o u dids t c as t m e o u t d e priv e m y h e art Of p e ac e and t e nd e r ne s s and s triv e agains t Th e M ak e r for w h o m ak e th whit e and bl ack ? N o w s inc e t h e M ak e r h ath pr o vid e d fo r m e A nd l o o k e d u p o n m e with a M as t e r s e y e S kill m anh o o d and a h e r o s s w o rd are m i ne A nd o ne fri e n d t o o hi m s e lf t h e cr o wn o f chi e fs Th e br av e wi se pr u d e n t m o narch o f Kabu l I s oj o u r n e d at Kab u l by thy c o mm an d A nd m i n dfu l o f t h y c o u ns e l and thy pl e dg e Th o u s aid s t : I ne e r will v e x th e e b u t will bri ng Th e tr e e th at th o u h as t pl an t e d i nt o fr u it Ye t bri ng e s t thi s gift fr o m Ma zand ara n A n d h as t e s t fr o m t h e K argas ars t o fu rth e r Th e r u i n o f my h o m e : s u ch is thy j u s tic e ! B e h o ld I s t and b e fo r e th e e and e xp o s e My b o dy t o thy wrath S aw m e as u nd e r Bu t u tt e r no t a w o rd ag ai ns t Kab u l Do as th o u wilt ; t h e p o w e r is all thi ne o wn Bu t m i s chi e f t o Kab u l is d o ne t o m e Th e chi e f att e nd e d t o z al s w o r ds th e n b o w e d Tis all tru e and I H is h e ad and ans w e r e d H av e d e al t with th e e u nj u s tly fr o m t h e fir s t at
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1 93
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TH E S H AH N A M A
2 96
PI RDA U S I
’
OF
Whil e thy p u r e h e art and s t ai nl e s s F aith c o ns tr ain B o th w o lf and s h e e p t o w at e r at thy ci s t e rn A s l av e am I wh o s e r ac e is ru n a s l av e Wh o h ath att aine d t o s ixty y e ar s twic e t o ld My h e ad is s tr e wn with c am ph o r du s t—a cr o w n Th at s u n and m o o n h av e giv e n m e I girt My w arri o r l o ins and s l av e d I fo u ght t h e w arl o ck s 1 N o ne e e r s aw h o r s e m an r e in his s t e e d fe ll chi e fs My m ighty m ac e O r wi e ld a m ac e lik e m e E clip s e d t h e w arri o r s o f Ma z and ara n Did nau ght b e s id e e x al t m e o v e r all Th e r e w as a dr ag o n h au nti ng t h e K as h af I t r e ach e d fr o m city A n d m aki ng e arth afo am To city and fr o m hill t o hill t h e h e art s O f all w e r e fill e d with p anic : m e n k e pt w atch B o th night and day Th at dr ag o n cl e ar e d t h e sk y O f flyin g fo wl and e arth o f b e as t o f pr e y I t s c o rch e d t h e v u ltu r e s fe ath e r s with it s bl as t S e t e arth a bl az i ng wh e r e it s v e no m fe ll Dr agg e d fr o m t h e w at e r gr u e s o m e cr o c o dil es A nd s wiftly flyi ng e agl e s fr o m t h e air fo o t e d b e as t s c e as e d fr o m t h e l and M e n and fou r — S o s e e i ng th at no ne Th e wh o l e w o rld g av e it r o o m D ar e d t o lay h and u p on it in Go d s s tr e ngth I b ani s h e d t e rr o r fr o m m y h e art girt u p My l o ins in H is e x alt e d nam e and r o d e Mi ne e l e ph anti ne s t e e d My s addl e b o r e Mine c x h e ad m ac e u p o n m ine arm I c arri e d My b o w and at m y ne ck my s hi e ld I w e nt F o rth lik e a s av age cr o c o dil e My h and Was k e e n k e e n t o o t h e dr ag o n s br e ath and all F ar e w e ll e d m e wh e n th e y s aw m e wi e ld my m ac e Th e dr ag o n s e e m e d a l o fty m ou nt ain I c am e A nd tr ail e d u p o n t h e gr o u nd it s h airs lik e l as s o s .
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1
i g with C
R ead n
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M I N tI OH I H R
2 97
t ong u e w as lik e a tr e e tru nk ch arr e d it s j aw s We r e o p e n and w e r e lying in my p ath I t s e y e s w e r e like t w o ci s t e r ns fu ll o f bl o o d I t b e ll o w e d wh e n it s aw m e and c ame o n I n fu ry s e e m i ng all afi re O S hah ! Withi n Th e w o rld gan s wi m b e fo re m ine e y e s A bl ack r e e k w e nt u p t o t h e m u rky cl o u d s E arth s s u rfac e s h o o k b e ne ath t h e b e ll o wi ng Th e v e no m s e e m e d t o b e a s e a o f Ch in The n like a g all ant w arri o r I r o ar e d Ag ains t th at dr ago n as a li on r o ar e th A nd t arri e d no t b u t fitt e d t o m y b o w A p o pl ar arr o w tipp e d w ith ad am an t A nd s h o t it at t h e dr ag o n s j aw s t o pin Th e t o ng u e ag ai ns t t h e thr o at ; t h e t o ngu e l o ll e d pinne d ; Ag ai n I s h o t Th e dr ag on w as as t o u nd Again I pi e rc e d t h e m ou th ; t h e cr e at u r e writh e d I s h o t a third s h aft right ad o w n it s j aw s ; I t s h e art s bl o o d s p o u t e d s e e t hi ng Wh e n it cl o s e d A n d pr e s s e d m e h ard I t o o k m i ne o x h e ad m ac e A nd in t h e s tr e ngth o f G o d t h e L o rd o f all Urg e d o n m i ne e l e ph anti ne s t e e d and s m o t e The dr ag o n s h e ad : th o u w ou ld s t h av e s aid th at h e av e n R aine d m ou nt ains d o wn th e r e on I s m as h e d t h e s ku ll A s it h ad b e e n a m ighty e l e ph an t s A nd v e no m p o u r e d fo rth lik e t h e riv e r Nil e S o s tr u ck I th at t h e dr ag o n r o s e n o m o r e W hil e e arth w as l e v e ll e d t o t h e hill s with brains K as h af w as fl o wi ng lik e a s tr e am o f g all A nd all w as p e ac e Th e m ou nt ai n t o p s w e r e thr o ng e d With fo lk w h o c all e d d o wn bl e s s i ng s o n my h e ad B e c au s e th at dr ag o n w as a fe arfu l b ane O n thi s acc ou n t m e n c all e d m e O ne bl o w S am A nd all thr e w j e w e l s o e r m e I d e p art e d With all my s hi ning b o dy b ar e o f mail ; Its
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TH E S H A H N A M A O E
298
F I RDA US I
’
My ch arg er s ar m ou r dr o pp e d fr o m h im in pi e c e s ; I s ick e ne d with t h e v e no m m any d ay s The r e w as no h arv e s t in th o s e p arts fo r y e ar s N or au ght e xc e pt t h e as he s o f bu r n t th o rns To t e ll m y c o nflic t with t h e divs w o uld m ak e Th e l e tt e r t e di o u s b u t in th at and e l s e wh e r e I tr am pl e d u nd e rfo o t t h e h e ad s o f chi e ft ai ns A nd wh e r e s o e e r I r o d e m y wi nd fo o t ch arg e r I cl e ar e d th at r e gi o n o f t h e r e ndi ng li o n A nd n o w thi s m any a y e ar m y s addl e s b ack H ath b e e n m y thr o ne my ch arg e r b e e n m i ne e arth My m as s iv e m ac e h ath br o u ght b e ne ath thy s w ay M a zand ara n and all t h e Kargas ars ; I ne e r h av e as k e d for fi e ld o r fe ll b u t s ou ght To m ak e th e e b o t h vict o ri ou s and h appy My ne ck and m ac e bl o w s are no t wh at th e y w e r e My br e as t and l o i ns are b e nt ; I u s e d t o thr ow A l as s o s ixty c u bit s l o ng b u t now A m b e nt by ti m e and h av e r e s ig ne d m y d u ti e s To z enas w o rthy o f m y m ac e and girdl e L ik e m e h e will d e s tr o y thy fo e s and m ake My h e art gl ad with h is pr o w e s s H e h ath c o m e To as k t h e S hah t o gr ant h is s e cr e t l o nging O ne e xc e ll e nt in G o d s s ight ap art fr o m Wh om Th e r e is no e xc e ll e nc e We h av e no t m o v e d Th e r e i n as y e t b u t w ait t h e gr e at king s will My l o rd t h e S hah Fo r s l av e s mu s t no t pr e s u m e Th e gu ardi an of t h e w o rld h ath s u r ely h e ard H o w o nc e and p u blicly I pr o mi s e d z al Wh e n I w as bri nging him fr o m M ou nt Al b u r z N o t t o r e fu s e h im au ght and h e h ath c o m e B e s me ar e d with bl o o d and d u s t and b o ne s in bit s Tw e r e b e tt e r far With his r e q u e s t He s aid 1 To h ang A mu l th an fall u p o n Kab u l ’
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M infi c hih r s ’
c pit l a
a
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30 0
TH E S H A H N A M A
P I RDA U S I
’
OF
Is t o
t ak e th e e with thy p o ll u t e d child A nd s l ay y o u s h am e fu lly and p u blicly Th e r e at p e rch anc e t h e S hah will b e app e as e d A nd e arth gr o w p e ac e fu l Wh o withi n Kabu l W o u ld d ar e t o s trive with S am or fe e l h is m ac e S indu k h t s ank d o w n b e fo r e him and c o ns id e r e d Th e n h avi ng hit on an e xp e di e nt Fo r s h e w as s hr e wd and s u btl e c am e b e fo r e Th e s u nlike ki ng with fo ld e d ar m s and s aid H e ar b u t o ne w o rd fr o m m e th e n do thy will I f th o u h as t w e alth t o p u rch as e life b e s t o w it A nd k no w th o u th at thi s night is big with fat e Y e t th o u gh night s e e m e th l o ng twill p as s and e ar t h Be lik e a s igne t ri ng o f B ad akh s ha n Mihrab r e pli e d : N 0 o ld wiv e s t al e s t o w arri o r s S ay wh at th o u k no w s t and u s e all m e ans fo r life O r e l s e arr ay th e e in t h e r o b e o f bl o o d Th e r e is no ne e d o f th at gr e at ki ng ! S h e s aid Bu t I m u s t go t o S am t o dr aw thi s s w o rd A nd t o app e al t o h im in fitti ng t e r ms Fo r wi s d o m is t h e c o o k wh e n s p e e ch is raw To l ab o u r fo r o u r liv e s is m y p art thi ne To fi nd t h e pr e s e nt s and e ntr u s t t o m e Thy h o ard e d w e alth H e r e is t h e k ey h e s aid O ne m u s t no t alw ay s gri e v e at s p e ndi ng tr e as u r e Pr e p ar e s l av e s h o r s e s thr o ne s and c as qu e s t o go We y e t m ay s av e o u r c o u n try fr o m t h e fl am e s To s hi ne th o u gh fad e d no w S indu k h t r e pli e d I f th o u d e s ir e s t life h o ld tr e as u r e ch e ap While I av e r t t h e d ang e r th o u m u s t u s e My gr e at e s t c ar e N o h ar s h ne s s t o w ard m y chil d H e r e is h e r life ; giv e m e a pl e dge fo r th at .
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M I N IIOH I H R
30
c ar e no t fo r mys e lf ; all my c o nc e rn A nd tr av ail are fo r h e r S h e t o o k h is pl e dg e Th e n b o ldly fac e d t h e d ang e r cl ad h e r s e lf All in br o c ad e o f go ld with p e arl s and j e w e l s Ab o u t h e r h e ad and fr o m t h e t r e as u ry t o o k Thr e e h u ndre d th o u s and pi e c e s as a l arg e s s Th e y br o u ght fo rth thirty s t e e d s o f Arab s t o ck O r P e rs i an with th e ir s ilv e r n e qu ip ag e A nd s ixty s l av e s with g o ld e n t o rqu e s e ach b e ari ng A g o ld e n g o bl e t bri m m e d with c am ph o r mu s k Go ld tu rqu o i s e s and j e w e l s o f all kind s ; O ne h u ndr e d fe m al e c am e l s with re d h air O ne h u n dr e d b agg ag e m u l e s ; a cr o w n o f j e w e l s Fit fo r a ki ng with arm l e t s t o rqu e s and e arri ngs A thr o ne o f g o ld lik e h e av e n all inl aid With dive r s s o rt s o f g e m s t h e width th e re o f Was twe nty r o y al c u bit s and t h e h e ight Th e s t at u r e o f a no bl e h o r s e m an ; l as tly F ou r m igh ty I ndi an e l e ph ant s t o brin g B al e s fu ll o f w e ari ng s t u ffs and c arp e ti ng I
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H o w S am
co
mfort e d S ind u kht
tr e as u r e s h avi ng b e e n d e s p atch e d s h e m o u nt e d I n w arri o r g u i s e s wift as a light ni ng fl as h As s u m e d a R11 m an h e l m and r o d e a s t e e d A s s wift as wind appr o ach e d S a m s c o u rt u nk no wn A nd b ad e t h e o ffic e r s annou nc e h e r th u s A n e nv o y fr o m Kab u l h ath c o m e t o s e e k Th e m ighty chi e f t h e h e r o o f zab u l
Th e
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TH E S H A HN A M A '
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O F F I R DA U S I
Ch arg e d with a m e s s ag e fr o m Mihrab t o s am Th e wi nne r o f t h e w o rld The ch am b e rl ai n We nt t o t e ll S am w h o gr ant e d au di e nc e S indu k h t di s m o u nt e d h as t e d t o t h e chi e f A nd ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd wi t h pr ai s e s o f t h e S hah A nd o f t h e chi e f o f p al adi ns Th e l arg e s s Th e s l av e s t h e h o r s e s and t h e e l e ph ant s S tr e tch e d fr o m t h e g at e t w o m il e s S h e o ffe r e d all To s am w h o s at th e r e d az e d like o ne b e m u s e d With fo ld e d ar ms and dr oo ping h e ad H e th o u ght C o m e fe m al e e nv oy s fr o m s o rich a c o u ntry I f I acc e pt t h e S hah will b e di s pl e as e d I f I d e cline t h e n z ai w ill b e ch agrine d A nd fl ap h is wi ngs ab ou t lik e t h e S imu rgh H e r ai s e d h is h e ad and s aid : A s fo r t h e s e g o o d s Th e s e s l av e s and e l e ph ant s c ap ari s o ne d G o give th e m t o z srs tr e as u r e r as pr e s e nt s S e nt by t h e B e au ty o f Kab u lis t an Th e n fairy fac e d S indu k h t e s s ay e d t o s p e ak R ej o icing th at h e r o ffe ri ng s w e r e acc e pt e d Thr e e o f h e r h and m aid s A nd all h ad e nd e d w e ll With id o l fac e s t all as cypr e s s e s A nd fair as j as m ine b e ari ng e ach a g o bl e t Which bri m m e d with p e arls and r u bi e s p o u r e d th e m ,
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pr o m i s c u ou s s h o w e r b e fo r e t h e chi e ft ai n Thi s d o ne and s tr ang e rs go ne s h e s aid t o S am Thy c o u ns e l m ak e th o ld fo lk y o u ng Th o u t e ach e s t Th e m ighty wi s do m w h o thr o u gh th e e ill u m e Th ou h as t s e al e d u p t h e h and o f ill Th e w o rld A nd o p e ne d with thy m ac e t h e w ay o f Go d Mihrab if any w as t o bl am e and h e Wh at h ave o u r p e o pl e d o ne I s w e e pi ng bl o o d Th at th o u mu s t r az e Kabu l ? Th e y o nly live In
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TH E S H A H N A M A
39 4
Bu t
as
B u rn
fo r
all
PI RDA U S I
g u iltl e s s o f Kab u l th e ir h e art s no r tu rn th e ir d ay s
no t
ne s s
OF
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t he
to
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Th e
p al adin o n h e ar ing s aw in h e r A w o m an o f c o u ns e l and o f ard e nt s o u l With ch e e ks lik e s pring in h e ight a cypr e s s tr e e With r e e d lik e wai s t and ph e as ant s g ai t H e s al d My pl e dg e s h all h o ld alth o u gh it c o s t my life Live s afe ly and r ej o ici ng at Kab u l With all thy ki ndr e d I as s e nt th at zal S h all w e d Rii dab a Th o u gh o u r r ac e is o th e r Th an y o u r s y e t y e d e s e rv e t h e cr o w n and thr o ne ; Th e w o rld s o w agge t h and no s h ame t o u s ; We c anno t s trive ag ai ns t t h e A l m ighty M ak e r Wh o d o th wh at e e r H e will e th in s u ch wi s e Th at w e are e v e r crying o u t : Ah m e O ne is e x alt e d and ano th e r h u m bl e d A nd whil e o ne fare th w e ll ano th e r qu ak e t h Th e h e art o f o ne is fu r ni s h e d by h is i ncr e as e Ano th e r s m ini s h e d by his p o v e rty Bu t aft e r all t h e e nd o f b o th is d u s t Th e e l e m e nt th at s l ay e th e v e ry r ac e I will e x e rt m ys e lf o n thy b e h alf B e c au s e o f thine app e al and bitt e r cry A nd h av e alr e ady writt e n t o t h e S hah A l e tt e r with t h e pl aint o f o ne in p ain H ath g one nay r ath e r A nd z sl h ath g o ne with it H ath fl o wn ! H e s aw no s addl e wh e n h e m ou nt e d A nd th e n h is r o ad s t e r s h o o fs s aw no t t h e gr o u n d Th e S hah will s m il e and giv e a gr aci o u s ans w e r Fo r thi s bird s fo s t e rli ng is o u t o f h e art ; H e s t and e th in t h e m ire m ad e by h is t e ar s A n d if h is s w e e th e art is as fo n d as h e is Th e ir s kins will ne v e r h o ld th e m Prith e e no w Le t m e b e h o ld t h e Dr agon s child j u s t o nc e ,
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T M IN U CH I H R
On
thi ne
t e rms
o wn
Th e
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30 5
ight may w e igh with
me
l o ok s and l o ck s c o m m e nd th e m s e lve s S h e ans w e r e d : If t h e p al adi n will gl add e n H is s l av e le t h im v o u ch s afe t o vi s it h e r I f t o K ab u l H e r h e ad will r e ach high h e av e n We bring a king like th e e w e will pr e s e nt O u r liv e s as o ffe ri ng s S h e s aw h is s mil e s A nd th at all h at e w as r o o t e d fr o m h is h e art A s h e r e pli e d : Be no t c o n c e r ne d ; thi s m att e r “f ill s h o rtly t u r n o u t t o thy wi s h I f b o th h e r
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S indu k h t
Th e n as k ing l e av e withdr e w and w e nt aw ay I n fu ll c o nt e nt h e r ch e e ks lik e g e m s fo r j o y S h e s e nt a l u s ty c o u ri e r lik e wind To t e ll Mihrab : Be e as y in thy m i nd R ej o ic e and m ak e th e e r e ady fo r a gu e s t I fo ll o w qu ickly N e x t day wh e n t h e s u n S h o t u p and h e ad s aw o k e fr o m dr o w s i ne s s S al u t e d as t h e M o o n o f n o bl e d am e s S indu k h t pr o c e e d e d t o t h e c o u rt o f S am Did h im o b e is anc e s p ak e with him at l arg e A nd as k e d p e r m i s s i o n t o go h o m e r ej o ici ng To t e ll Mihrab ab ou t t h e ne w m ad e l e ag u e A nd ge t all r e ady t o r e c e i v e th e ir g u e s t D e p art and t e ll h im e ve rything S am s aid Th ey ch o s e ch o ic e gifts fo r h e r and fo r Mihrab A nd fo r Budab a t o o —th at l o ve s o m e m aid s am g ave S indu kh t with al all th at w as h is Withi n Kabu l o f p al ac e s and g ard e ns Of til th m ilch c attl e c arp e t s and app ar e l Th e n t o o k h e r h and re s w o r e h is o ath and s aid Be h appy at Kab u l and fe ar no fo e ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A '
OF
P I RDA vs f
With favo u ri ng s t ar s t h e p al e M o on s fac e ag ain Gre w bright and s h e w e nt h o m e w ard with h e r tr ai n ’
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5 H o w Z dl
23
me t o M imi chz hr '
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with S a im
Le t ter
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h e ark e n h o w z al far e d with M inach ihr Th at fav ou rit e o f fo rt u ne N e w s arriv e d zal s o n o f S am t h e c av ali e r h ath c o m e Th e no bl e s w e n t t o w e lc o m e h im O n r e achi ng Th e c o u rt h e h ad an au di e nc e and did h o m ag e R e m aining with his fac e u p o n t h e gr o u nd Th e ki nd S hah s h e art w as w o n ; h e b ad e t o p u rg e z al s fac e o f d u s t and s pri nkl e h im with m u s k A nd wh e n t h e w e ll b e l o v e d appr o ach e d t h e thr o ne I nq u ir e d : H o w did s t th ou far e m id wi nd and d u s t O n thy h ard j o u r ne y child o f p al adins zal ans w e r e d : Thr o u gh thy Gr ac e tw as m o r e th an w e ll Th ou t u rne s t e ve ry tr o u bl e t o d e light Th e S hah th e n t o o k S a m s l e tt e r r e ad and s m il e d Th o u h as t i ncr e as e d an an ci e nt gri e f o f m i ne e t fo r thy fath e r s t ou chi ng l e t t e r H e s aid y Which anci e n t S am h ath writt e n in h is tr o u bl e Alth o u gh t h e m att e r h ath m u ch gri e v e d m y h e art I am r e s o lv e d t o thi nk o f it n o m o r e A nd will p e rfo r m and c arry o u t thy wi s h S i n c e th at is all t o th e e ; b u t t arry h e r e Whil e I de lib e r at e o n thi ne affair s Th e c o o k s br o u ght in a s e rvic e all o f g o ld Wh e r e at t h e ki ng o f king s s at d o wn with zal A nd o rd e r e d all t h e chi e ft ai ns t o p art ak e Th e e ati ng d o ne th e y s e rv e d t h e wi ne Th e fe as t Within ano th e r thr o ne r o o m and th at o v e r N ow
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TH E S H A H N A M A
PI RDA U S I
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OF
H o w the A rch znages ques tio ned Z cil
c all e d zal t o pr o v e h im by h ard qu e s ti o ns Th e s hr e wd arch m age s and t h e m e n o f l o r e S at in fu ll c o ncl av e and e x ami ne d h im O n m any m att e rs v e il e d in m y s t e ry O ne as k e d th at m an o f i ns ight wit and k no wl e dg e Wh at are t h e d o z e n cypr e s s e s e r e ct I n all th e ir br av e ry and l o v e line s s E ach o ne o f th e m with thirty b o u gh s b e d e ckt I n P e r s i a ne v e r m o r e and ne ve r l e s s ? Th e s e c o nd s aid : O n o bl e y o u th e xpl ai n Wh at are th o s e t w o s t e e d s mo ving r apidly A s cry s t al bright is thi s o ne o f t h e tw ai n A nd th at o ne s abl e as a pitchy s e a ; Th e y g all o p at t he ir u t m o s t s p e e d and s tr ai n E ach o ne t o c atch t h e o th e r b u t in v ain Wh at are t h e th irty m e n Th e third s aid th u s Wh o rid e b e fo r e th e ir king in o rd e r m e e t A nd s e e m b u t tw e n ty nin e t o th e e b u t wh e n Th o u c ou nt e s t th e m th e ir nu mb e r is c o m pl e t e Wh at is t h e m e ad o w l and Th e fo u rth in qu ir e d : Wh e r e s tr e am s ab ou nd and h e rb ag e gr o w e th s t ro ng To which a fi e rc e m an c o m e th in wh o s e h and Th e r e is a s cy t h e a s h arp o ne and a l o ng H e c u tt e th all t h e gr as s b o th gr e e n and dry A nd if th o u cri e s t h e ar e th no t thy cry ? Wh at are th o s e cypr e s s e s —a l o fty p air L ik e r e e d s ab o ve a s e a wh o s e w at e rs h e av e Ano th e r as k e d and wh at bird me s t e th th e r e O n thi s at m o r ni ng and o n th at at e v e ? Th e bird de p art e th and t h e l e av e s t u rn p al e Th e bird arriv e t h and th e y m u s k e xh al e Th e S hah
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M I N lYC H I H R
30 9
I n all
th e ir v e rd u r e b o th are ne ve r s e e n T o g e th e r b u t o ne s e r e t h e o th e r Th e s ixth s aid : O n a m o u nt ai n I de g cri e d A city th at w as s tr o ngly fo rti fi e d Th e citi z e ns th o s e m e n e xc e e ding wi s e Pr e fe rr e d th e r e t o a t h o rnb rak e o n t h e w as t e ; A nd th e r e as m o narch s o r as s u bj e ct s pl ac e d A t o wn wi t h b u ildi ngs lift e d t o t h e s ki e s Th e m e m o ry o f t h e city no w h ath g o ne Tis no t acc ou nt e d o f by an y o ne ; Bu t s o m e day s u dd e nly t h e e arth will qu ak e Th e c o u ntry v ani s h fr o m t h e s ight o f m e n R e m e m brance o f t h e city will aw ak e A nd l o ng r e gr e t p os s e s s t h e citi z e n N o w l oo k b e hi nd t h e v e il e xpl o r e t h e w o rd s A nd if th o u c ans t t h e s e cr e t s e nse u nfo ld D e cl ar e it h e re in pre s e nc e o f t h e l o rds A nd m ake t h e p u r e s t mu s k fr o m gri m y m o u ld ,
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H o w Zal
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zal for a whil e r e m aine d ab s o rb e d in th o u ght Th e n s h o o k his pl u m ag e s pre ad h is wi ng s and ans w e r e d Fir s t as t o th o s e tw e lv e cypr e s s e s which r e ar Th e ms e lv e s with thirty b o u gh s u p o n e ach tr e e Th e y are t h e tw e lv e ne w m o o ns o f e v e ry y e ar Lik e ne w m ad e m o narch s thr o ne d in m aj e s ty Up o n t h e thirti e th day it s c ou r s e is d o ne Fo r e ach ; th u s o u r r e v o lvi ng p e ri o d s ru n Th o u s p e ak e s t o f t w o charg e r s bl ack and whit e Which lik e A z argas h as p go fl as hi ng by Th e s e t o o are p e ri o d s and in th e ir fligh t P u r s u e e ach o th e r u nr e m itti ngly ,
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PI RDA U S i
TH E S H A H N A M A O F
Th e t wo
th at p as s alo ng are night and day Th e p u l s e s o f t h e s k y are r e ck o ne d s o ; Th e y ne ve r c at ch e ach o th e r as th e y go Bu t fo ll o w as a h o u nd p u r s u e th pr e y Ag ain th o u as k e s t o f t h e thirty m e n Th at rid e b e fo re th e ir k ing in o rd e r m e e t A nd s e e m t o th e e as tw e n ty n i ne b u t wh e n Th o u c ou nt e s t th e m t h e ir nu m b e r is c o m pl e t e Th e y are t h e ph as e s o f t h e m o o n ; o ne night A ph as e fr o m ti me t o ti m e e lu de t h s ight Uns h e ath e w e now t h e hidd e n s e ns e e xpr e s s e d By t w o t all cypr e s s e s abird and ne s t Th e d ark e r li m b o f h e av e n is o p p os e d With Ari e s t o Libr a in t h e h e ight ; Th e nc e til l t h e r e ign o f Pi s c e s h ath b e e n cl o s e d Th e as c e nd ant li m b is th at o f gl o o m and night E ach l o fty cypr e s s tr e e de no t e t h o ne O f th e s e t w o li m b s which c au se o u r s m il e s and t e ars Th e bird which flie t h twixt t he m is t h e s u n 1 O cc as i o n t o t h e w o rld o f h o pe s and fe ar s Ag ai n t h e city b u ilt u p o n t h e m o u nt I s o u r l o ng ho m e t h e s c e ne o f o u racc o u n t Thi s W ay s id e I nn is m e ant by Th o rnb rak e t o w n At o nc e o u r pl e as u r e tr e as u r e p ai n and w o e I t r e ck o ne th e ach br e ath dr aw n h e r e b e l o w A nd b o th e x alt e th u s and c as t e th d o w n ,
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m m tti ng i d m d n tr n mic l n ti n t h i d wh t f ll w t h k y r pr nt d b y t h S ig n f t h Z di c i di i d d i nt light r nd d rk r p rti n li mb t h light r S pri ng nd S mm r b i g r p t d by t h S ign fr m A i t V irg ; nd t h d rk r A t mn nd Wi nt r by th fr m Libr t Pi c li mb lt rn t l y m r l in i d c whil Th th n i c nti lly j r y i ng fr m n li m b t t h th r Th d bl l t rn ti n f light nd d rk n i th cc nt d f ; th t f t h light r nd d rk r m nt f n f t h y r by t h m th n ky nd th t f d y nd night by t h m m nt f t h Th f m r r l m n d ti ny t h l tt r chi fly infl nc h i d il y lif '
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TH E S H A H N A M A
3 12
’
O F F I R DA U S I
tw e r e t he m o o n at fu ll and th e r e th e y qu affe d Wi ne till t h e night fe ll and t h e r e v e ll e r s h e ad s B e c am e b e m u s e d Th e n at t h e p o rt al r o s e S h o u t s fo r t h e s t e eds and gl o ri o u s i n th e ir c u p s Th e w arri o r s gr as p e d h and s and w e nt th e ir w ay s N o w wh e n t h e s u ns hi ne s tr u ck t h e m o u n t ai n t o p s A nd wh e n t h e c hi e fs aw o k e zal r e ady girt A nd li o n lik e appr o ach e d t h e r o y al pr e s e n c e For l e av e t o h ie h im h o m e and thu s h e s aid My gr aci o u s l o rd ! I l o ng t o se e S a m s fac e S i nc e I h av e ki s s e d t h e fo o ti ngs o f t hy thr o ne O f iv o ry thy Gr ac e and cr o wn ill u m e My h e art Th e S hah s aid : Y o u thfu l w arri o r ! Th o u m u s t b e s to w u p o n u s s till o ne day Th o u y e arne s t for t h e d au ght e r o f Mihra b A
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A nd n o t for S am
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b ad e t o c arry g o ng s Wi t h I ndi an b e ll s and cl ari o ns t o t h e gro u nd A n d all t h e w arri o r s w e nt fo rth r ej o icing With l an c e s m ac e s and artill e ry Th e y t o o k th e ir b o w s and p o pl ar s h aft s and le t A m ark s t and fo r t h e fo e Th e y wh e e l e d and s h o w e d Th e ir h o r s e m ans hip with m ac e s w o rd s h aft and l anc e Whil e fr o m a h e ight t h e S hah s e e n o r u ns ee n By th e m o b s e rve d th e ir s kill b u t ne v e r s aw Th e r e s t o od O r h e ard o f h o r s e m ans hip lik e z al s Up on t h e gr o u nd an an ci e nt tr e e zal t o o k H is b o w u rge d o n h is s t e e d and r ai s e d h is nam e By s triki ng th at t all tr e e and pi e rci ng it F u ll in t h e c e ntr e with t h e r o y al s h aft Th e n c e rt ai n o f t h e j av e li n m e n t o o k b u ckl e rs A nd e x e rci s e d with d o u bl e h e ad e d d art s z a l b ad e h is T u rk m an s l av e bri ng s hi e ld s o f hid e Dre w hi m s e lf u p and u rg e d his s t ee d al o ng He
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Th e n dr o pp e d his b o w t o o k h is o w n j ave lin A nd m ad e ne w s p o rt H e s tr u ck and pi e rc e d thr e e s hi e ld s A nd fl u ng th e m t o o ne s id e in high di s d ain Wh at m ighty m an Th e S hah s aid t o t h e chi e fs : Will ch all e ng e h im t o pr o v e his w e ight in c o m b at ? H e h ath k no ck e d d u s t o u t o f t wo h e ad e d d art s A nd arr o w s Th e n t h e w arri o r s d o nn e d th e ir m ail With wr athfu l h e art s and c u r s e s o n th e ir t o ngu e s The y prick e d fo rth t o t h e c o m b at b e aring s p e ar s With h e ad s o f t e mp e r e d s t e e l zal u rg e d h is s t e e d M ade t h e d u s t fly and wh e n t h e b attl e j o ine d S e l e ct e d fr o m t h e r e s t a c av ali e r Of fam e and high e s t at e at wh o m h e ch arg e d z al l e o p ard lik e Th e w arri o r t u rne d and fl e d E m e rgi ng fr o m t h e d u s t s e i z e d o n his b e lt A nd t o o k him fr o m h is s addl e with s u ch c as e Th at b o th t h e S hah and ar m y w e r e as t o u nd N o ne will s e e h is p e e r Th e chi e fs e xcl ai m i ng : M ay h e e ve r b e th u s ard e nt Th e S hah s aid : Th e m o th e r o f t h e m an th at dare t h him To b attl e will w e ar m o u rni ng fo r h e r s o n Th e li o n es s e s b e ar no t o ne s o br av e h e m u s t b e cl as s e d with cr o c o dil e s ! S o br av e A nd S am is bl e s s e d i nd e e d t o l e av e t h e w o rld S u ch a m e m o ri al H e pr ai s e d t h e y o u th A s did t h e fam o u s w arri o r s Th e n th e y w e nt With gird e d l o i ns and c as qu e s u p o n th e ir h e ad s T o w ard t h e p al ac e wh e r e t h e S hah pr e p ar e d A r o b e o f h o no u r th at as t o ni s h e d all Th e chi e ft ai ns with a pr e ci o u s cr o wn and thr o ne O f g o ld with ar m l e t s t o rqu e s and g old e n girdl e s R ich ro b e s s l av e s s t e e d s and o th e r things o f w o rth A nd g av e t h e wh o l e t o zal wh o ki s s e d t h e e arth ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
M inwchihr s A ’
'
O F FI R DA U S I '
S ai nt
ns wer t o
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Th e S hah
th e n wr o t e a v e ry gr aci o u s l e tt e r To S am : R e no w ne d and v ali an t p al adin I n all e m pri s e vict o ri o u s lik e a li o n A nd p e e rl e s s in t h e s ight o f t u r ni ng h e av e n Fo r fe as t fo r fight fo r c o u ns e l and fo r fav ou r ! Th at gl o ri ou s s o n o f thine —br av e zal—at w h o m Th e li o n is agh as t in b attl e tid e The br av e acc o m pli s h e d w arri o r and h o r s e m an O f l as ting fam e h ath c o m e and I o n l e arning Thy wi s h e s and h is l o ngi ng s grant e d him All h is d e s ir e s and c o u nt u p o n his h avi ng A l o ng and gl o ri o u s life S h o u ld l e o p ard hu nt e rs H av e o th e r i s s u e th an t h e s t ro ng cl aw e d li o n ? E x alt e d o e r t h e r e s t and in high fav o u r I l e ft t h e S hah zal s e nt t o S am t o With all th at I c o u ld wi s h — a r o y al r o b e O f h o no u r cr o w ns t o rq u e s ar m l e t s and a thr o ne O f ivo ry and am c o m i ng with all s p e e d My l o vi ng gl o ri ou s s ir e 1 S am gl add e ne d s o Th at his h o ar h e ad gr e w y o u ng H e hu rri e d o ff A h o r s e man t o K ab u l t o t e ll Mihrab Th e ki nd ne s s o f t h e S hah which h ad pr o d u c e d Aft e r z al s r e t u rn S u ch j o y and add e d : We will s e t o u t t o pay th e e o u r r e s p e ct s Mihrab o n h e ari ng Th e m e s s e ng e r s p e d fo rth S o j o y e d t o m ak e Kab u l s S u n h is affi ne Th at thr ou gh his j oy th e d e ad r e t u r ne d t o life A nd ag ed h e ad s gr e w y o u ng Th e y s u mm o ne d mins t re l s A nd o ne h ad s aid t h at all p o u r e d o u t th e ir s ou l s “
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TH E S H A H N A M A
316
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O F FI RDA U S I ‘
Withi n th at ch ambe r ar ab e s qu e d with g o ld 1 Kab u lis t an w as dight in fe s t al t ri m All c o l o u r s c e nt and w e al t h Th e y h o u s e d t h e b ack s O f t h e e l e ph ant s wit h rich br o c ad e o f Rum A nd s e at e d o n th e m m ins tr e l s w e ari ng cr o w ns All w as pr e p ar e d fo r w e lc o m ing t h e g u e s ts A nd all t h e s l av e s w e r e s u mm o n e d t o s tr e w m us k A nd S pic e ry t o pu t d o wn fu r s and s i lks To fli ng d o w n g o ld and mu s k and s pri nkl e r o u nd Wine and r o s e w at e r o n t h e d u s ty gr o u nd ’
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H o w Z ci l
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zal s p e d lik e bird o n wi ng o r s hip at s e a A nd all th at h e ard o f his appr o ach w e nt o u t The p al ac e r ang To w e lc o m e h im with j o y With s h o u t s : z ai h ath s u cc e e d e d and r e t u rne d S am m e t him j o yfu lly and h e ld him cl o s e E mbr ac e d Wh e n zal h ad di s e ng ag e d hi ms e lf H e ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd and t o ld h is ne w s Ano n S am s e at e d o n h is s pl e ndid thr o ne with zal Blith e h e art e d and in gr e at c o nt e nt b e g an To t e ll ab o u t t h e m att e r o f S indu k h t A w o m an nam e d A nd k e pt his c o u nt e nanc e : S indu kh t br o u ght m e a m e s s ag e fr o m Kabu l A nd m ad e m e pr o m i s e no t t o b e h e r fo e I gr ant e d all th at s h e w as pl e as e d t o as k Fir s t th at t h e fu t u r e m o narch o f zab u l S h all h av e t h e B e au ty o f Kab u l t o wife A n d ne xt th at w e will go and b e h e r g u e s t s To h e al all s o r e s N o w s h e h ath s e n t t o s ay .
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M IN
UC H I H R
All thi ngs are r e ady s c e nte d and ad o rne d Wh at ans w er s h all w e s e nd high b o rn Mihrab ? Th e n zal bl u s he d ru by re d fro m h e ad t o fo o t With s u dd e n j o y and s aid : O p al adi n ! I f it s e e m go o d t o th e e s e n d o n t h e tr o o p s ” A nd le t u s fo ll o w and di s c u s s t h e m att e r S am s m il e d at zal aw ar e o f h is d e s ire Fo r h e c o u ld t alk o f no thi ng b u t R adaha A nd go t no s l e e p at night s fo r thi nki ng o f h e r s am b ad e t o s o u nd t h e g o ng s and In di an b e ll s A nd h av e pr e p ar e d t h e r o y al t e nt e ncl o s u r e H e s e nt a c am e l e e r a v ali ant m an To adv e rti s e t h e li o n lik e Mihrab Th e chi e ft ai n is u p o n his w ay with zal A nd e l e ph ant s and tr 0 0 p s e s c o rti ng th e m H e w e n t with s p e e d and to ld Mihrab wh o j o y e d ; H is c h e e k s gr e w r u ddy as t h e c e rcis bl o o m H e s o u nd e d tr u m p e t s m o u nt e d k e ttl e dr u m s A nd fu rn i s h e d fo rth his ar m y lik e t h e e y e Of ch anticl e e r H u g e e l e ph ant s and m ins tr e l s M ad e e arth a P aradis e fr o m e nd t o e nd Wh at wi t h t h e m any fl ag s o f p aint e d s ilk O f div e r s c o l ou rs s ou nd o f pip e s and h arp s Th e bl as t o f tr u m p e ts and t h e din o f g o ngs I t is a fe s ti val O ne w o u ld h av e s aid : Th e R e s u rr e cti o n o r t h e L as t Gr e at Day Th u s w e n t Mihrab till h e e nc o u nt e r e d S am H e th e n di s m o u nt e d and appr o ach e d o n fo o t Th at p al adin o f p al adi ns e m br ac e d him A nd as k e d if all w e r e w e ll M ihrab b e g an To c o m pl im e n t b o th s am and zal th e nlik e Th e ne w m o on ri s i ng o e r t h e m ou nt ain t o p s H e m o u nt e d h is fl e e t s te e d and s e t a cr o w n O f g o ld and j e w e l s o n t h e h e ad o f zal C o nv e rs ing o f t h e p as t th e y r e ach e d Ka bu l ’
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21
8
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TH E S H A H N A M A
OF
PI R DA
'
US I
Wh at with t h e cl ang o f I ndi an b e ll s t h e s o u nd s O f lyr e and h arp and pip e o ne w o u ld h av e s aid Th e r o o fs and d o o r s m ak e m u s ic Ti m e s are ch ang e d Th e h o r s e s m ane s and fo r e l o ck s ran with s affr o n Th e n with thr e e h u ndr e d fe m al e s l av e s A nd m u s k With gird e d l o ins e ach with a c u p o f g o ld Which bri mm e d with mu s k and g e m s S indu k h t ap ,
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p A nd all
bl e s s e d S am and s h o w e r e d fo rth t h e j e w e l s E ach p e r s on pr e s e nt o n th at h appy day S am s m il e d and as k e d H ad tr e as u r e t o t h e fu ll H o w l o ng wilt th o u c o nc e al Budab a th u s ? I f th o u w ou ld s t s e e t h e S u n S indu k h t r e pli e d : Wh at is my fe e S am ans w e r e d : Wh at th ou wil t My tr e as u r e s cr o w n thr o ne c o u ntry— all are thine Th e y s o u ght t h e ch amb e r ar ab e s qu e d with g o ld Wh e r e all w as j o cu nd S pring and s am e nt r anc e d S tr u ck d u m b and d azz l e d vi e w e d t h e m o o n fac e d m aid At l as t h e s aid t o z al : Th ou l u cky y o u th G o d gr e atly h e lp e d th e e wh e n thi s gl o ri o u s S u n Thy Ch o ic e S e t h e r affe cti o ns o n th y fac e I s ch o ic e i nd e e d By S a m s d e s ir e Mihrab Appr o ach e d t o e x e cu t e t h e l e g al c o ntr act Th e y pl ac e d t h e h appy c o u pl e o n o ne thr one A nd s c att e r e d e m e r ald s and c ar ne li ans H e r c oro ne t w as wr ou ght o f g o ld and h is Mihrab pr o d u c e d and r e ad O f r oy al g e m s Th e i nv e nt o ry o f h is d au ght e r s do wry Tis m o r e th an e ar c an h e ar Till o ne h ad cri e d s am w as c o nfou nd e d wh e n h e r e ali s e d Th e tr e as u r e s and i nv o k e d t h e nam e o f Go d Th e n h all and city r e v e ll e d for a w e e k Th e p al ac e w as a P ar adi s e in rapt u r e s .
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29
The S tory
f
o
r
t he Bi th
f
o
R u s t am
E re
l o ng t h e no bl e Cypr e s s w as in b e ari ng D e light s o m e S pri ng gr e w s e r e h e r h e art w as s ad S h e w e pt bl o o d fo r t h e b u rd e n th at s h e b o re G one w as h e r c e rcis bl o om h e r che e ks w e r e s affro n S indu k h t s aid u nt o h e r : L ife o f thy m o th e r ! Why h as t th o u gr o wn s o w an ? Rudab a ans w e r e d By night and day I cry fo r h e lp I lie S l e e pl e s s and with e r e d lik e a living c o rp s e My ti me h ath c o me b u t no t d e live r anc e U n t il th at c am e s h e l ack e d b o th r e s t and s l e e p O ne w ou ld h av e s aid : H e r s kin is s t u ffe d with s t o ne s O r ir o n N o w o ne day s h e s w o o ne d and s hri e ks R os e fr om t h e h all s o f zal S indu kh t b e w ail e d Pl u ck e d o u t h e r r av e n tr es s e s m u s k p e rfu me d A nd t o r e h e r fac e Th e n o ne anno u nc e d t o zal Th e l e av e s h av e with e r e d o n thy l o ft y Cypr e s s A nd h e with t e arfu l ch e e ks and s trick e n h e art Appr o ach e d t h e c ou ch wh e reo n R11 dab a lay Th e fe m al e s l ave s w e r e t e ari ng o u t th e ir h air U nv e il e d with t e arfu l fac e s Th e n o cc u rre d A th o u ght t o z al which e as e d h im o f hi s ang u i s h 1 H e s m iling t o ld Th e pl u m e o f t h e S imu rgh S indu k h t th e n br o u ght a c e ns e r kin dl e d fi re Th e air gr e w d ark A nd b u r nt s o m e o f t h e pl u m e A nd th at i m p e ri ou s bird s w o o p e d d o w n—a Cl ou d Wh o s e dr o p s w e r e p e arl s p e arl s s ay I r ath e r p e ac e zal did o b e i s anc e l o ng and prai s e d h e r mu ch Wh e r e fo r e is this gri e f S h e th u s addr e s s e d h im : Thi s m o is tu r e in t h e mighty L i o n s e y e ? ,
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M I N ( ICH I H R
32 1
Fr o m thi s mo o n fac e d and s ilv e r b o s o m e d Cypre s s Will c o m e a no bl e b ab e Th e m ighty li o n Will ki s s t h e d u s t u p o n h is fe e t N o cl o u d Will d ar e t o p as s ab o ve him Wh e n h e s h o u t e th The p ard will s plit it s s ki n and g naw it s p aw s The w arri o r s th at s e e his whi zz i ng m ac e H is ch e s t h is ar ms and ne ck will h e ar h is v o ic e With qu aki ng h e art s s t e e l e at e r s th o u gh th e y b e A nd g all an t fight e r s ; fo r thi s child will pr o v e I n c o u n s e l s and in r e d e a w e ighty S am I n h e ight a cypr e s s tr e e in wr ath a li o n I n s tr e ngth an e l e ph an t and fi llip brick s Tw o m il e s H is birth will no t b e nat u r al S o will e th H e w h o giv e th g o o d Bring th o u A bl u e s t e e l d agg e r s e e k a c u nni ng m an B e mu s e t h e l ady firs t with wi ne t o e as e H e r p ai n and fe ar th e n le t h im ply his cr aft A nd t ak e t h e Li o n fr o m it s l air by pi e rci ng H e r w ai s t whil e all u nc o ns ci o u s th u s i m br u i ng H e r s id e in bl o o d and th e n s titch u p t h e g as h Pu t tr o u bl e c ar e and fe ar as id e and br u i s e Wi t h m ilk and mu s k a h e rb th at I will s h o w th e e A nd dry th e m in t h e s h ad e Dr e s s and ano i nt Rudab a s w o u nd and w atch h e r c o m e t o life Ru b o e r t h e w o u nd m y pl u m e it s gr aci ou s s h ad e Will pr o v e a bl e s s i ng Le t thi s gl add e n th e e Th e n go b e fo r e t he L o rd wh o h ath b e s t o w e d Thi s r o y al Tr e e which e v e r b lo s s o m e t h G o o d fo rtu ne Be no t tr o u bl e d fo r thi s m att e r B e c au s e t hy fe rtil e B o u gh will yi e ld th e e fr u it S h e s p ak e and pl u cking fr o m h e r wing a pl u me Dro pp e d it and fl e w al o ft z al pick e d it u p A nd did O m ar v e l as t h e bird h ad s aid Whil e e v e ry o ne l o o k e d o n am az e dly With w ou nd e d s pirit and with bl o o d s h o t e y e s -
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TH E S H A H N A M A
322
P I R DA U S I
'
OF
S indu k h t
w e pt t e ars o f bl o o d in t o rre nt s as king H o w s h all t h e i nfan t c o m e fo rth thr o u gh t h e s id e ? Th e r e c am e an archi m ag e o ne d e ft o f h and Wh o m ad e t h e m o o n fac e d d am e b e mu s e d wi th wine Th e n pi e rc e d h e r s id e whil e s h e w as all u nc o ns ci o u s A nd h aving t u rne d t h e i nfan t s h e ad aright D e liv e r e d h e r u ni nj u r e d N o ne h ad s e e n A thi ng s o s tr ang e Th e b ab e w as l ik e a li o n A h e r o t all and fair t o l o o k u p o n B o th m e n and w o m e n w o nd e r e d at h im no ne H ad h e ard o f s u ch an e l e ph anti ne child A day and night t h e m o th e r lay as l e e p B e mu s e d u nc o ns ci ou s Th e y t h e whil e s e w e d u p Th e w o u n d and e as e d t h e ang u i s h with t h e dr e s s i ng Wh e n s h e aw o k e and whi s p e r e d t o S indu k h t Th e y s h o w e r e d g o ld and j e we l s o v e r h e r A nd pr ai s e d t h e Al m ighty Th e n th e y br ou ght t h e b abe To h e r e xt o lli ng h im as h e av e nly Th e fir s t day th o u h ad s t c all e d h im tw e lv e m onth s old A v e ry h e ap o f li li e s m ix e d with t u lip s Th e l o fty Cypr e s s s m il e d u p o n t h e b ab e P e rc e iv e d in h im t h e Gr ac e o f ki ng o f ki ng s A nd I am m agnifi e d s h e s aid and gri e f I s o ve r S o th e y nam e d t h e in fant R u s t am Th e y m ad e o f s ilk a h e role t t h e s i ze O f th at u ns u ckl e d Li o n s t u fli ng it With s abl e s h air and li mni ng S 0 1 and Ve nu s Up o n t h e ch e e k s with dr ag ons o n t h e ar ms B e ne ath A nd o n t h e h and s a li o n s cl aw s Th e arm th e r e w as a s p e ar m ac e in o ne h and Th e y s e t t h e p u pp e t A nd bridl e in t h e o th e r Up o n a ch e s t nu t h o r s e with gr e at att e nd anc e ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
324
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O F F I R DA U S I '
N ow
th at t h e b ack s o f b o th o f u s are s tr aight e ne d We o nly nee d t o pr ay th at w e m ay liv e C am e lik e a r u s hi ng wi nd t he m e s s e ng e r To zal o f ard e n t and e x u lti ng h e art T o ld h im o f S a m s d e light and g av e t h e l e tt e r A s s o o n as zal h ad h e ard th o s e pl e as an t w o rd s Which c au s e d t h e cl e ar brai ne d h e r o add e d j oy H e r ai s e d h is ne ck t o t o u ch t h e az u r e s k y Th u s w e nt t h e w o rld with z al and s h o w e d it s p u rp o s e Te n nu r s e s s u ckl e d R u s t am fo r fr o m m ilk B e i ng w e ane d A re s tr e ngth and c o ns titu ti o n H e liv e d o n br e ad and fl e s h H e at e as m u ch A s fi v e and p e o pl e t u r ne d fr o m s u ch r e p as t s 1 Wh e n R u s t am h ad att aine d t h e h e ight o f e ight A nd gr o w n a no bl e Cypr e s s o r bright S t ar A S t ar wh e r e at t h e w o rld w as all ag az e Th o u w ou ld s t h ave s aid : Tis v ali ant S am ind e e d I n s t at u r e wi s d o m c o u nt e nanc e and r e d e ”
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h e ard : Th e s o n o f z al is lik e a li o n N one e v e r s aw a child s o fi e rc e and s t alw art H is h e art w as s tirr e d in h im and h e r e s o lv e d Hi m s e lf t o s e e t h e b o y H e l e ft in ch arg e Th e c apt ai n o f t h e h o s t and w e nt with e s c o rt Dr aw n by h is l o ve t o w ard z ab u lis t an Th e n e arth gr e w e b o n fo r 2 51 1 h e ard t h e ne w s B o u nd o n t h e d r u ms and w e nt with br ave Mihrab Wh e n zal h ad dr o pp e d t h e b all To w e lc o m e S am S h o u t s o f de p art u r e r o s e o n e v e ry s id e :
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UCH I H R
325
tr e tch e d ou t fr o m hill t o hill With bu ckl e r aft e r b u ckl e r re d and y e ll o w Th e n tru m p e t e d t h e e l e ph ant and ne igh e d Th e Ar ab s t e e d fi v e mil e s th at din r e s ou nd e d Th e y h ad o ne m ighty e l e ph an t c ap ari s o ne d A nd fu r ni s h e d with a go ld e n thr o ne wh e r e o n Th e s o n o f z al s at with h is cypr e s s fo r m A nd wh at a n e ck and s h o u ld e r s I cr o wne d and girt With b o w and s h aft s in h and and s hi e ld b e fo r e him S am s aw and r ank e d h is tr o o p s u p on e ach s id e Mihrab and S am dis m o u nt e d and t h e e ld e r s F e ll pr os tr at e c alli ng bl e s s ings d o w n o n S am Wh o s e fac e bl o o m e d lik e a r o s e With gl add e ne d h e art H e s m il e d t o s e e t h e child s o s tr o ngly b u ilt A li o n s W h e lp u p o n an e l e ph an t H e h ad th e m br o u ght j u s t as th e y w e r e s u rv e y e d Th e b oy th u s cr o w ne d and thr o ne d and bl e s s e d h im s ayi ng : Liv e l ong and h appily th o u m atchl e s s L i o n Th e n R u s t am ki s s e d S am s thr o ne and w o nd e rfu l To t e ll ! s al u t e d h im in thi s ne w fas hi o n Gr e at p al adi n ! r ej o ic e I am thi ne o ffs h o o t Be t h o u m y r o o t Th e s l av e o f S am am I Bu t am n o t o ne fo r b anqu e t dr e am and e ase I w o u ld h av e s t e e d and s addl e m ail an d h e l m D e s p atch m y c o m pli m e nt s by b o lt and arr o w A nd by G o d s biddi ng tr am pl e o n fo e s h e ad s My fac e is lik e t o t hi ne s o b e m y c o u r ag e s am t h e chi e ft ai n gr as p e d h is h and H e light e d M e anwhil e t h e ty m b al s A nd ki s s e d his h e ad and e y e s Th e n fu ll o f gl e e A n d e l e ph ant s w e r e s till A nd t al k th e y all b e t o o k th e m t o t h e p al ac e A nd r e v e ll e d m e rrily o n g o ld e n s e at s Thu s r e s ting fo r a m o nth with h arp and s ong Up o n t h e thr o ne th e r e s at vict o ri ou s S am of
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TH E S H A H N A M A
3 26
PI RDA
OF
US I
gl e s fe at h e r dr o o ping fr o m h is cr o wn F lank e d by his s o n and R u s t am m ac e in h and O n wh o m t h e gr and s ir e g az e d am az e dly I nv o k e d o e r h im t h e nam e o f G o d and th o u ght With s u ch a nc ck and ar m s s u ch th e w s and s h ou ld e r s S u ch r e e d lik e w ai s t s u ch am pl e ch e s t and br e as t S u ch thigh s lik e th o s e o f m ighty dr o m e d ari e s S u ch li o n s h e art and li o n tig e r m ight S u ch g o o dly fe at u r e s ne ck and Gr ac e h e h ath N o p e e r o n e arth th e n s aid t o zal : Alth o u gh Th o u qu e s ti o n b ack a h u ndr e d g e ne r ati o ns N o o ne w o u ld kno w o f b ab e d e liv e r e d th u s H o w c o u ld th e y do t h e thi ng s u cc e s s fu lly ? A th o u s an d ti m e s m ay th at S im u rgh b e bl e s t To wh o m G o d s h o w e d t h e w ay N o w le t u s r e v e l A nd pu t t o flight with wi ne t h e s o u l o f c ar e Fo r thi s w o rld i s a c ar av ans e r ai O ld g u e s t s d e p art and n e w o ne s t ak e th e ir pl ac e s Th e y pu t t h e wi ne ab o u t and gr e w b e mu s e d Th e y dr ank t h e chi e ft ai n s h e alth th e n th at o f z en Mihrab k e pt qu afling till h e t h o u ght hi m s e lf Th e o ne m an o f t h e w o rld I do no t c ar e Fo r zal o r S am h e s aid S hah cr o w n o r Gr ac e I R u s t am and m y s t e e d S h ab di z and s w o rd N o cl o u d w ill d ar e t o o v e r s h ad o w u s I will r e viv e t h e c u s t o m s o f Zah h ak A nd m ak e t h e d u s t b e ne ath my fe e t p u r e m u s k A nd no w t o fi nd h im ar m s H e s p ak e in j e s t A nd zal and S am w e r e m e rry at h is w o rd s S am wh e n t h e m o nth w as o e r o ne day at d awn R e t u r ne d t o h is o wn thr o ne H e s aid t o zal My s o n b e j u s t and l o y al t o t h e S hah s Pr e fe rri ng wi s d o m o ve r w e alth r e fr aining Thy h and s fr o m e vil all thy y e ar s and s e e king An
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TH E S H A H N A M A
PI RDA U S I
'
OF
S ho u ts
r o s e o u t s id e h is d o o r Th e chi e f s whit e e l e ph an t H ath br o k e n l o o s e and fo lk are in its d ange r ! H e h e ard an d u rge d by h ardih o o d ran fo rth S natch e d u p S a m s m ac e and m ad e t o w ard t h e s tr e e t Th e k e e p e r s o f t h e g at e o pp os e d him s ayi ng We fe ar t h e chi e ft ai n t is a d ark s o m e night Th e e l e ph ant is l o o s e ! Wh o c an appr o v e Thy g o i ng fo rth Wr o th at t h e s p e ak e r s w o rd s Th e m atchl e s s R u s t am s m o t e h im o n t h e nap e H is h e ad r o ll e d fr o m h im R u s t am t u r ne d t o w ard Th e o th e r s b u t th e y fl e d t h e p al adi n Who b o ldly w e n t u p t o t h e g at e and s m as h e d Th e ch ai ns and b o lt s with bl o w s t h at w e ll b e fi t t e d O ne o f s u ch n o bl e n am e w e n t fo rth lik e wi nd With s h o u ld e r e d m ac e e xcit e dly appr o ach e d Th e m ighty b e as t and r o ar e d o u t lik e t h e s e a H e l o o k e d and s aw a M o u nt ai n b e ll o wi ng Th e gr o u nd b e ne ath it lik e a b o ili ng po t S aw h is o wn no bl e s fl e e i ng in di s m ay L ik e s h e e p th at s py a w o lf r o ar e d lik e a li o n A nd w e nt c o u r ag e ou s ly ag ai ns t t h e b e as t Which s e e i ng h im ch arg e d at h im lik e a m o u n t ai n A nd r e ar e d it s tr u nk t o s trik e b u t R u s t am d e alt it A m ac e bl o w o n t h e h e ad ; t h e m ou nt ai n fo r m S t o o p e d ; M o u n t B1 s t 11n s h o o k t o it s c o r e and t u m bl e d At o ne bl o w vil e and s tr e ngthl e s s Thu s it fe ll Th at b e ll o wi ng e l e ph ant whil e m atchl e s s R u s t am W e nt lightly t o h is pl ac e ag ai n and s l e pt N o w wh e n t h e s u n as c e nd e d fr o m t h e e as t Bright as t h e ch e e k s o f t h o s e w h o r avi s h h e art s z al h e ard o f R u s t am s d e e d s h o w h e h ad k no ck e d Th e d u s t o u t o f t h e r o ari ng e l e ph ant H ad with a s i ngl e m ac e bl o w br o k e n it s ne ck ’
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M I N U CH I H R
b o dy t o t h e gr o u nd H e cri e d Wo e fo r th at m ighty e l e ph an t which u s e d To b e ll o w lik e t h e d ark bl u e s e a ! H o w o ft e n H ath th at s tr o ng b e as t ch arg e d and o e rt h ro w n Ye t c o nqu e r h o w s oe er it m ight in b attl e My s o n h ath b e s t e d it m o ne d R u s t am H e s um Ki s s e d h im u p o n his h e ad and h and s and ne ck A nd s a id : O lio n s Wh e lp ! thy cl aws h av e gr o w n Y o u t h as th o u art A nd th o u art br av e i nd e e d Th o u h as t no p e e r in s t at u r e Gr ac e and v al o u r S o e re thy s p re adi ng fam e s h all thw art t hi ne acti o n T ak e v e nge anc e fo r t h e bl o o d o f N ar iman S p e e d fo rth t o M o u n t S ipand wh e r e t h o u wilt s e e A cl o u d c apt s tr o ngh o ld fo u r l e ag u e s s q u ar e wh e re o ve r Tis fu ll o f h e rb ag e Th e eagl e h ath n o t s o ar e d A nd w at e r g o ld and m o ne y m e n and b e as t s B o th tr e e s and h u s b and m e n ab ou nd th e r e ; no ne H ath s e e n a pl ac e lik e th at Th e All Pr o vid e r H ath fu rni s h e d w o rkm e n o f all s o rt s and fru it tr e e s Th e r e is b u t o ne appr o ach ; t is thr o u gh a g at e A s high as h e av e n and N ar im a n w h o b o r e The b all fr o m all t h e chi e fs appr o ach e d t h e s tr o ngh o ld By o r de r o fS hah F aridu n and h e ld Th e r o ad Th e s i e g e w e nt o n b o th n ight and day With s tr at ag e m s and s p e ll s ab o v e a y e ar Un til t h e fo e hu rl e d d o w n a r o ck and e arth P o s s e s s e d t h e p al adin no m o r e Th e h o s t R e tr e at e d t o t h e S hah Wh e n S am w as t o ld Th e v ali ant Li o n h ath h ad fight e no u gh H e w ail e d with gr o wi ng gri e f and h avi ng m o u rne d A w e e k in angu i s h c all e d t h e h o s t t o g e th e r H e m arch e d ag ai ns t th at h o ld with tr 0 0 p s th at c o v e r e d Th e w as t e and d e s e rt and fo r m o nth s and y e ar s Be l e agu e r e d it in v ai n N o ne i s s u e d fo rth A nd
c as t
it s
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TH E S H A H N A M A
A nd no ne
P IR DA U S I
’
OF
th ou gh t h e g at e w as s h u t S o l o ng t h e fo e l ack e d no t a s t alk o f h ay A nd S am fo r e w e nt his v e ng e an c e in d e s p air N o w is t h e ti me my s o n ! fo r artific e G o with a c ar av an in m e rry pin S o th at t h e w atch m e n m ay no t fi nd th e e ou t A nd wh e n th o u o c c u pie s t M o u nt S ipand D e s tr o y th os e e vil do e r s ro o t and s t e m S i nc e th o u art y e t u nk no w n th o u m ay s t s u cc e e d Th e n R u s t am ans w e r e d : I w ill do thy bidding A nd s o o n pr o vid e a ph y s io fo r t h e ach e S aid zal t o h im : My pr u d e nt s o n ! giv e e ar Do n c am e l driv e r s cl o th e s and fr o m t h e pl ai n Fe tch c am e l s t o m ak e u p a c arav an Di s g u i s e thys e lf and c arry nau ght b u t s al t Fo r th at is pr e ci o u s th e r e Th e fo lk k no w n o thi ng Th ou gh t h e c as tl e t o w e re th O f gr e at e r v al u e Ab o v e it s g at e th e y h av e no s alt t o e at S o all will ru n t o gr e e t th e e wh e n th e y s e e L o ad s o f it c o m ing u ne xp e ct e dly w e nt
in b u t ,
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H ow R u s tam went to M o unt S ipand
Th e n R u s t am m ad e h im r e ady fo r t h e fr ay C o nc e ale d h is m ac e within a l o ad o f s alt A nd t o o k s o m e wi s e and v ali ant m e n with al H e hid t h e ar m s withi n t h e c am e l s l o ad s A nd m e rry a t t h e artific e s p e d o n Wh e n h e arriv e d t h e w atch m an To M ou n t S ipand S aw h im and h as t e ne d t o t h e c as t e ll an A c ar av an h e s aid with m any drive r s H ath c o m e and if m y l o rd d o th as k th e ir bu s i ne s s To m e it s e e m e th th at th e y c arry s alt ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A O F FI R DA U S I
’
3 32
p e e rl e s s R u s t am with his l as s o m ac e A nd s w o rd d e s tr o y e d t h e g all an t fo e ; and wh e n Th e s u n u nv e il e d it s e lf and h e ld t h e w o rld Fr o m e arth t o Pl e i ad e s o f all t h e g arri s o n N o t o ne r e m ai ne d aliv e th at w as n o t w o u nd e d The br av e Ira ni ans e n t e r e d e v e ry no o k Th e m atchl e s s R u s t am A nd s l au ght e r e d all th e y fo u nd S aw in t h e cit ad e l wh e r e r o o m w as s c an t A b u ilding o f h ard s t o ne with ir o n d o o rs A nd h avi ng with his m ac e bl o w s s h att e r e d th e m H e e nt e r e d and b e h e ld a l o fty v au lt F u ll o f d inars A s t o ni e d at t h e s ight H e bit his lip ; th e n t o h is chi e fs h e s aid Wh o e ve r w o u ld h av e th o u ght o f s u ch a thi ng ? G o o d s o o th no g o ld r e m ain e th in t h e min e s O r any p e arl o r j e we l in t h e s e a Th e y lie o u t s pr e ad withi n thi s tr e as u ry Th e
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H o w Rus tam wrote
Le tte r
a
anno u ncing
Vic to ry to 2 6 !
his
Th e n R u s t am wr o t e h is s ir e a fu ll r e p o rt Fir s t bl e s s i ng b e o n H im O f wh at h ad p as s e d : Wh o is t h e L o rd o f s e rp e nt ant and s u n O f V e nu s M ar s and S o l and h e ave n ab o v e M ay H e bl e s s z al t h e h e r o o f zab u l Th e p e e rl e s s p al adi n t h e w arri o r s s h e lt e r Th e Ira ni ans s t ay w h o s e tt e th u p o n high Th e fl ag o f Kaw a w h o e nt h ro ne t h S hah s Wh o t ak e th thr o ne s h im wh o s e c o m m and m e nt r e ach e th “
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To
s u n and
m o on
.
c ame t o M o u n t S ipand By thy b e h e s t and wh at a m o u nt w as th e r e ! Tw as lik e t h e s ky Wh e n I h ad r e ach e d it s fo o t I
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'
M I N U CH I H R
333
Th e re c ame a gre e ting fr o m t h e c as t e ll an A nd th ou gh I did acc o rdi ng t o his bi ddi ng All thi ng s t u r ne d o u t as I w o u ld h av e th e m b e At night ti m e with my famo u s m e n o f w ar I g av e s c ant r e s pit e t o t h e g arri s o n Wh o h av e b e e n s l ai n o r m ai m e d o r h av e e s c ap e d By thr o wi ng all th e ir fi gh t ing g e ar aw ay Th e r e are in s o o th fi v e h u ndr e d th o u s and l o ad s O f s ilv e r i ng o t s a nd o f s t an d ard g o ld O f r ai m e n t t ap e s tri e s and m o v abl e s N o o ne c o u ld t e ll t h e t o t al th o u gh h e c o u nt e d For d ay s and m o nth s Wh at w o u ld t h e p al adi n M ay h is s t e p s pr o s p e r m ay h is m i nd b e bright Th e m e s s e ng e r c am e lik e a bl as t and g av e Th at chi e ft ain Th e l e t t e r t o t h e p al adi n R e ad and e xcl ai m e d : Pr ais e t o th o s e no bl e o ne s Th o u w ou ld s t h av e s aid : Th e ne w s will m ake h im yo u ng H e wr o t e a fu ll r e ply fir s t pr ai s i ng G o d A nd th e n pr o c e e di ng th u s : I h av e p e r u s e d Th at t al e o f tri u m ph and p o u re d o u t m y s ou l I n j oy S u ch fight s b e c o m e th e e w e ll m y s o n Wh o th o u gh a b oy h as t pl ay e d t h e m an illu me d Th e s ou l o f N arim a n and bu r ne d h is fo es To c arry o ff t h e s p o il I h av e s e nt c am e l s By th ou s and s H aving r e ad thi s m o u nt with s p ee d ; Thi ne ab s e nc e gri e ve th m e P ack all t h e b es t The n fi re t h e h o ld in v e ng e an c e R u s t am r e ad Th e l e tt e r w e ll c ont e nt th e n ch o s e t h e ch o ic e s t Am o ng t h e s igne t rings s w o rd s c as qu e s and b e lt s A s w e ll as p e arl s and j e w e l s fit fo r ki ng s A nd fig u r e d pi e c e s o f br o c ad e o f Chin A nd s e n t th e m t o h is s ir e Th e c ar av an S e t fo rth whil e h e s e t fi re t o M o u nt S ipand ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
334
OF
PI RDA vs i
Wh o s e r e e k r o s e S ky w ard th e n h e t u rne d aw ay Light h e art e d and w e nt h o m e lik e r u s hing wi nd W h e n zal h ad h e ard : Th e w o rld ill u m i ng chi e ft ai n H ath c o m e t h e fo lk pr e p ar e d t o w e lc o m e him A nd d e c o r at e d all t h e s tr e e t s and q u art e r s Ar o s e t h e din o f br az e n cl ari o ns O f cy m b al s tr u mp e t s and o f I ndi an b e ll s A s e ag e r R u s t am far e d t o w ard z al s p al ac e A nd c o m ing b o w e d t o e arth b e fo r e h is m o th e r Wh o bl e s s e d h is fac e and ki s s e d h is ch e s t and s h o u ld e r s Whil e zal t h e chi e f e m br ac e d his s on and bad e A s c att e ri ng o f l arg e s s t o b e m ad e ,
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34 The
Le tt er of
Z al t o s am
fam ou s chi e f s e nt t h e g o o d ne w s t o S am With m any gift s t o him and e v e ry o ne Wh e nas t h e l e tt e r c am e t o S am h is ch e e k s Bl o o m e d lik e a r o s e in h is e xc e e di ng j o y H e m ad e a fe as t lik e j o c u nd s pri ng b e s t o w e d Up o n t h e m e s s e ng e r a r o b e and s t e e d H e wr o t e t o zal A nd t alk e d o f R u s t am m u ch I t is no t w o nd e rfu l th at li o ns wh e lp s Pr o v e br av e A cl e ve r archi m ag e m ay t ak e O ne e re it s u ck and bri ng it u p with m e n Y e t will h e fe ar it wh e n it s t e e th h av e gr o wn Fo r th o u gh it ne v e r s aw it s m o th e r s d u gs Twill thr o w b ack t o t h e i ns ti nct s o f it s s ir e N o w o nd e r th e n th at R u s t am s h o u ld i nh e rit z al s pr o w e s s and th at Li o ns s e e k h is aid I n ti m e s o f e nt e rpri s e H e s e al e d t h e l e tt e r A nd g av e it t o t h e m e s s e nge r w h o w e nt
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TH E S H A H N A M A
3 36
P I RDA U S I
’
OF
cl e ans e d t h e w o rld o f it s i ni qu iti e s A nd b u ilt m e m any a city m any a fo rtr e s s Y e t th o u might s t s ay th at I h ad ne v e r s e e n Th e w o rld s u ch am I ! and m y t al e o f y e ar s I s bl ank A tr e e wh o s e l e av e s and fr u it are bitt e r S h ou ld it no t r ath e r die th an s till liv e o n N o w aft er I h av e b o r ne s u ch p ai n and tr av ail I l e av e t h e thr o ne o f ki ng s hip and t h e tr e as u r e To th e e A s Faridi i n o n c e g av e t o m e S o giv e I th e e t h e cr o wn w o r n by t h e S hah s H ard are t h e e nt e rpri s e s th at c o nfr ont th e e Th o u mu s t h e s o m e ti me s w o lf and s o m e ti m e s s h e e p Th e o ffs pri ng o f P as h ang will b e thy b ane A nd fr o m T aran will b e thy s tr ait e ni ng Wh e n any qu e s ti o n s h all ari s e my s o n ! S e e k aid fr o m z al and S am and thi s ne w Tr e e N o w b u rg e o nin g s pr u ng fr o m t h e r oo t o f z al H e will tr e ad d o w n T ara n and t ak e u p o n h im To av e ng e th e e Whil e h e s p ak e h e w e pt N au dar B e w ail e d him bitt e rly and th u s t h e S hah Fr e e fro m di s e as e u nv e x e d by any p ai ns Cl o s e d wit h a l as t c o ld s igh his e y e s and fad e d S o p as s e d th at fam o u s S hah w e ll gr ac e d in all Wh o s e t al e is l e ft as h is me mo ri al I
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P I RDA U S I t h p r t g ni t f t h T a ani n r c nd t h rch n my f Iran thr gh t h r ig n f cc i S hah H i t h c nd in t h t r i nity f il pirit which cc rdi ng t Z r t ri n b li f w c r t d by A hri m n t t h Iran i n r t h fi r t b i ng Z hh ak n d t h thi rd pp r ntly A l x n d r t h G r t In t h p r t f t h xt nt Z nd t k n wn Z my ad Y t th which h b n t rm d n bri dg d S h ah nam A f ra iyab h i th r c ll d i d cri b d m ki ng F ng y n r l tt m pt t i t h ki ngly Gl ry Gr c which w i n f t h S h ah nd which Z hh ak hi m lf t h p c li r p ght in i n A fra iyab h w r i r c rd d t h b n m ight cc f l n t n pp n th cc i n in nc pr nt r ig n b t in th t f K i K au wh n t h l tt r th w t k n pri n r by t h ki ng f H ama an I n t h B nd hi h rigi n lly lik Z hhak w fi nd i ndic ti n th t A fra iy ab w w t r t li n g fi nd ; b t h c nn t b t r c d f r th r b ck th n t h Z nd t nd hi d pr d ti n c nfi n d t t li ng w y t h ri r f Iran I t i r c g ni d in t h Z nd t th t th r g d m n in ll c n t ri in th f th ld r f hi n d R um — w ll in th t n f F ri dun—T uran y ng t b r n I m W h n i n t nc f thi in t h —t h b r th r f A fra iy ab —w h b i ng rigi n lly c f I gh i g d pirit d m i g d i n t r lly pp d t f r th nd i I rani n wn c n t rym n h ld p t t h c t f hi r t f m r tyr in t h p m I n t h Z nd t t h m rd r n nc f t h m ti f I gh i i l k d p n f ng b whil in t h B nd hi h w r d Wh n F a iy a n A f ra i y a with t h I rani n c pti in t h m n t i n m d M anu ih r ng f P d hk h a nd c tt r d r i n nd w nt m ng th m f r f G d nd h bt i n d t h b n fit A gh é d b gg d d th t t h rm y nd ch mpi n f t h Irani n w r by him f r m th t di t r F a iy a l w A gh é d f th t f lt t ry in t h S hahnam i t l d n t f M in hih Th th th f d Th m n t i n r ng i th t t b t f N t h C pi n TH E S H A H N A M A
338
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34
TH E S H A H N A M A
0
A ll matt e r s
OF
PI R DA U S I
’
cl o s e o r o p e n M inrich ih r B e fo r e h e cl o s e d h is e y e s s p ak e m u ch o f S am A nd I t o o h av e a w ar m s u pp o rt e r in h im Wh o — p al ad in and fav o u rit e —w atch e d o v e r My fath e r s r e al m illu m i ng thr o ne and cr o w n N o w thi ng s h av e r e ach e d thi s p as s th at s av e t ho u t ak e s t Thy v e ng e fu l m ac e t h e thr o ne will b e ab oli s he d Wh e nas t h e l e tt e r c am e S am s igh e d At c o ckcr o w Th e s o u n d o f ty m b al s r o s e wi t hi n t h e c o u rt A nd fr o m t h e K argas ars h e m arch e d a h o s t S u ch th at t h e gr e e n s e a h ad b e e n l es t th e r e in Th e m ag nat e s in Ira n w e n t o u t t o m e e t Th e appr o achi ng tr o o p s di s mo u nt e d wh e n ne ar S am A nd s p ak e with h im at l arg e o f all t h e acti o ns D o ne by N au dar and h o w h e w as u nj u s t A nd l e ft h is fath e r s fo o t s t e p s r e ckl e s s ly ” H e h ath m ad e e arth a d e s e rt th e y pr o t e s t e d H is fo r t u ne th at w as w ak e fu l is as l e e p H e w alk e th no t in wi s d o m s w ay t h e Gr ac e H o w w o u ld it b e if S am O f G o d h ath l e ft h im With his s hr e wd m i nd w e r e s e at e d o n t h e thr o ne H is fo rt u ne w ou ld r e g e ne r at e t h e w o rld Th e c o u ntry and it s thr o ne w o u ld b o th b e h is We all w o u ld s e rv e him and w o u ld pl e dg e o u r liv e s Fo r fe alty t o h im Bu t s am r e pli e d W ou ld G o d appr o v e N au d ar h ath r oy al bl o o d A nd s itt e th b e lt e d o n t h e r o y al s e at C o u ld I lay h and s u p o n t h e r e al m and cr o wn I m p o s s ibl e ! On e s h ou ld no t h e ar s u ch w o rd s W o u ld any chi e f d ar e s ay thi s p u blicly I f b u t a d au ght e r o f S hah M imich ih r S at cr o w ne d u p o n t h e g o ld e n thr o ne t h e d u s t Wo u ld b e m y c ou ch wh e nc e I s h o u ld j oy t o g az e .
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NA
U DA R
34
1
Up o n h e r If N au d ar h ath l e ft t h e w ay Tr o d by his s ire it h ath no t b e e n fo r l o ng Th e ir o n is no t s o r u s t e at e n y e t A s t o b e h ard t o fu rbi s h I wil l bring The Gr ac e b ack and m ak e all d e s ir e h is l o ve Th e d u s t o f Mimich ih r s h all b e my thr o ne The pri nt o f h is s o n s h o r s e s h o e b e my cr o w n We will s p e ak m u c h with h im and by ou r c ou ns e l Bri ng h im g o o d fo rt u ne Y e ! r e p e nt y o u rs e lve s Of wh at h ath p as s e d and t e n d e r fr e s h all e gianc e Unl e ss Al m ighty G o d and S hah N au dar S h all p ard o n y o u t he S hah s wr ath is y o u r p o rti o n O n e arth and fi re y o u r dw e lli ng pl ac e h e r e aft e r The chi e fs r e p e nt e d and m ade fe alty Afr e s h th at pr o s pe ro u s fo o t e d p al adi n M ad e earth gro w y o u ng thr o u ghou t Wh e n S am h ad r e ach e d Th e pr e s e nc e o f t h e S hah h e ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd Th e S hah d e s c e nd e d fr o m t h e thr one e m br ac e d H is c apt ai n s e ati ng h im u p o n t h e thr o ne Wi t h gr e e ti ng s and u nb o u nde d c o m pli m e nt s The y fe as t e d fo r a w e e k with h arp and wine All o ffe r e d th e ir e xc u s e s t o N au dar Fr o m e ach pr ovi nc e A n d b ar e th e m s e lve s as s u bj e ct s C am e t ax and trib u t e o u t o f fe ar o f S am Th e s wift o f wr ath N au dar s at o n t h e thr o ne I n s pl e nd o u r and in u ndi s t u rb e d r e p os e Till in t h e pr e s e nc e t h e chi e f p al adin Ar o s e and as k e d p e r m i s s i o n t o de p art Thr e w wid e t h e d o o r o f c o u ns e l t o t h e S hah A nd t o ld ag ai n t h e g o o dly hi s t o ri e s Of gl o ri o u s Faridri n and S hah Hu s h ang A nd M inuc h ih r t h e l u s tr e o f t h e thr o ne A nd h o w th e y r u l e d e arth j u s tly and g av e al ms A nd w o u ld no t c ou nt e nan c e i niqu ity .
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TH E S H A H N A M A
s am
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O F PI R DA U S I
w ayw ard h e art t o r e as o n War m e d t h e chi e fs h e art s t o w ard him r e nd e ring All j u s tic e and inj u s tic e at his h and s Acc e pt abl e and h aving s aid his s ay B o th t o t h e no bl e s and th e ir s o v e r e ign W e nt with a r o b e o f h o no u r fr o m N au dar With cr o w n and thr o ne and s igne t ri ng and s l av e s With s t e e d s wh o s e fu rn it u r e was wr o u ght o f g o ld A nd t w o g o ld g o bl e t s all a bri m with r u b i e s S o m att e r s s t ay e d awhil e b u t h e av e n ab o v e R e v olv e d no t o e r N au dar in pe ac e and l o v e s
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§ H o w Pas hang he ard
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N e w s o f S hah M ini i ch ih r s d e c e as e and h o w Thing s far e d ill with N au d ar c am e t o T ara n Wh os e folk h e l d c o m mu ne with t h e m alc o nt e nt s P as h ang t h e T u rk m an r u l e r als o h e ard H e s p ak e at l arg e A nd c o nt e m pl at e d w ar Ab ou t h is s ir e z ads h am t alk e d big o f Tar Th e thr o ne o f M inac hih r h is tr 0 0 p s his w arri o r s H is prin c e s and h is r e al m th e n s u mm o ne d all Th e c apt ai ns and gr and e e s as I gh rfras Bar m a n and G ars iw az th at r agi ng L io n Ku lb ad and g e ne r al s lik e s kilfu l VVi s a H e al s o c all e d Th e l e ad e r o f t h e h o s t H is s o n Afra s iyab wh o c am e in h as t e To wh o m h e s aid c o nc e r ni ng S al m and T11 r We m ay no t hid e r e v e nge b e ne ath o u r s kirt Fo r all wh os e br ai ns are l e v e l in th e ir h e ads Kno wh o w t h e Irani ans h av e e ntr e at e d u s A nd alw ay s gird e d u p th e ir l o i ns fo r ill N o w is t h e ti m e fo r acti o n and r e v e nge '
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14 32
TH E S H A H N A M A
PI RDA 0 s t
OF
N ar i ma n is g e ne r al ; Th e r e are b e s id e s Kis hw ad t h e br av e Kar an A n d o th e r m e n o f n am e am ong t h e fo lk Th ou k no w s t wh at S al m and v ali ant Tli r e ndu r e d Thr ou gh th at o ld w o lf and s w o rd e r M inac hihr A nd y e t z ads h am m y gr and s ir e and o u r ki ng Wh o s e h e l m e t t o u ch e d t h e circl e o f t h e m o on N e e r s p ak e a w o rd o f s u ch a w ar Or r e ad Th e b o o k o f v e ng e anc e in t h e ti m e o f p e ac e Tis b e tt e r fo r u s t o r e s tr ain o u rs e lv e s B e c au s e thi s m ad ne s s will confo u nd t h e r e al m P as h ang s aid : Th at br av e cr o c o dil e Afra s iyab I s as a li o n o n a h u nti ng day A n e l e ph ant o f w ar in b at t l e tid e C all him a b as t ard th at w ou ld no t av e ng e D e p art fo rthwith and co u ns e l H is gr an d s ir e s wr o ngs Afra s iyab in m att e rs gr e at and s m all S o wh e n t h e cr um pl e s kirt e d cl o u d s are g o ne Wh e n r ai ns h av e dr e nch e d t h e w as t e s wh e n hill and pl ai n Giv e p as t u r e fo r t h e s t e e d s wh e n h e rb ag e ri s e th Ab o v e o u r w arri o r s ne ck s and all t h e w o rld I s gr e e n with c o rn th e n c ampu po n t h e pl ai n ; Mid s t r o s e and v e rd u r e b e ar a gl ad s o m e h e art A nd l e ad t h e wh o l e h o s t o nw ard t o A m u l ; Tr e ad Dah is t an b e ne ath t h e h o r s e s h o o fs S p e e d and i nc ar n adi ne t h e s tr e am s with bl o o d Th e nc e M inach ih r d e p art e d t o t h e w ar To t ak e r e v e ng e o n Tar th e n c e did h is p o w e r s Advanc e agai ns t u s lik e a m u rky cl o u d A nd by th at t o k e n it is y o u r t u r n no w To s e nd t h e d u s t u p fr o m th e ir no bl e s h e ads Th e r e fu g e o f t h e ar m y o f Ira n Was M inachih r and h e ad o r ne d t he thro ne Why fe ar t h e Ira ni ans no w th at h e is g o ne S am
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pinch o f d u s t I fe ar no t N au dar wh o is b u t y o u ng and raw Kar an Will b e you r fo e and o ne m o r e w arri or Gars h as p M ay y e s o tr e at th e m o n t h e fi e ld A s t o r ej o ic e o u r fath e r s s o u l s and b u r n ” O u r fo e me n s h e ar t s The pri nc e s aid : Bl o o d s h all Al o ng in s tr e am s e re my r e v e nge is d o ne Th e y
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Land of Tran
Wh e n h e rb ag e m ad e th e pl ai n lik e p aint e d s ilk Th e w arri o r s o f Ti i ran girt u p th e ir l o i ns ; A n ar m y m arch e d fo rth fro m T11 ran and Ch in With m ac e m e n fr o m t h e W e s t e rn l and s —a h o s t With o u t a m id dl e o r an e nd with al Th e fo rt u ne o f N au dar w as y o u ng no l o nge r A s th e s e appr o ach e d J 1 h 11 n h e h e ard t h e ne w s A nd dr e w fo rth t o t h e pl ain t o w ard Dah is t an Karan wh o l o ve d t h e fr ay w as ge ne r al B e hind h im c am e N au dar t h e king o f king s A nd all t h e w o rld w as fill e d with br u it o f w arfar e Th e h o s t appr o achi ng Dah is t an c o nc e al e d Th e s u n in d u s t Th e y pitch e d t h e c am p e ncl o s u r e O f S hah N au d ar b e fo r e t h e h o ld Bri e f r e s pit e Was th e ir s b e c au s e Afra s iyab w h o th e n Was in I rm a n s e nt thirty tho u s and w arri o r s With S h am as as and Khaz arwan as l e ad e r s T o w ard zab u l t o t ak e r e v e ng e o n zal Fo r S am th e y h e ard is d e ad and zal is b u s i e d Ab ou t t h e o b s e qu i e s Afra s iyab Was pl e as e d p e rc e iv e d th at fo rt u ne w as awak e M arch e d fo rth t o Dah is t an and pitch e d agai ns t it '
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TH E S H A H N A M A
34 6
Wh o
PI R DA U S I
'
OF
k no w e th h o w t o
r e ck o n u p h is h o s t ? G o c o u nt a th o u s and o e r fo u r h u ndr e d ti m e s Th o u w o u ld s t h ave s aid : Th e s and s and u pl and s s e e th e Th e wild e r ne s s is n au ght b u t ant s and l o c u s t s Wi t h S hah N and ar w e r e s e v e n s c o r e th o u s and m e n A nd c e rt es th e y w e r e w arlik e c av ali e r s Afra s iyab s u rv e y e d th e m and d e s p atch e d By night a c ame l e e r t o b e ar P as h ang A l e tt e r Th e e xp e ct e d g o o d h ath c o m e N au dar s wh o l e h o s t is as a qu arry t o u s A nd S am is d e ad I fe ar e d no ne in Ira n Bu t him H is d e ath all o w e th o u r r e ve ng e z al is e ngage d u po n t h e o b s e qu i e s A n d h ath no t fo o t o r fe ath e r fo r t h e fight By thi s ti m e S h amas as is in N i mri1 z En thr o ne d and cr o w ne d Pr o m p t acti o n w e ll advi s e d I s b e s t fo r u s ; o cc as i o ns will no t w ait Th e c amel s pr e ad it s wi ng s and w e n t ap ac e T o ward P as h ang t h at king o f s u nlight gr ac e ’
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§ H o w Bar man
4
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pp e ar e d in fro nt o f Dah is t an Th e ar m i e s c am p e d A s m o rn r o s e o e r t h e hill s A T u rkm an Tw o l e agu e s ap art in w arlik e p o m p By nam e Bar m an—o ne w h o b ad e s l e e p e r s w ak e Appr o ach e d s pie d o u t t h e wh o l e Ira ni an h o s t A nd vi e w e d t h e c am p e n cl o s u r e o f N au dar R e t u r ne d r e p o rt e d t o h is chi e f and s aid H o w l o ng mu s t all o u r pro w e s s b e c o nc e al e d 7 Th e
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TH E S H A H N A M A
P I RDA U S i
OF
My h e art h ath b e e n in ang u is h fr o m t h e ti m e O f bl e s s ed M imic hihr u ntil thi s day N o m o r t al p as s e th i nt o h e av e n aliv e M an is d e ath s qu arry ; o ne t h e s ci m it ar D e s tro y e th mid t h e m e ll ay and t h e v u ltu r e A n d li o n t e ar his c o rp s e ; ano th e r s life I s e nde d o n his b e d B e y o n d all qu e s ti o n We m u s t d e p art and if I qu it t h e w o rld My t all and l u s ty br o th e r is s till s afe M ak e m e a r o y al ch ar ne l in y o u r l o v e Give m u s k r o s e w at e r c am ph o r fo r my h e ad My b o dy t o t h e pl ac e o f e ndl e s s s l e e p Thi s do liv e p e ac e fu ll y and tr u s t in G o d Thi s s aid h e gras p e d h is s p e ar and s alli e d fo rth L ike s o m e fi e rc e e l e ph ant Barm an e xcl ai m e d N o w h ath fat e pu t thy h e ad withi n m y r e ach We ll h ad s t th o u h e ld al o o f fo r ti m e it s e lf Wou ld h av e thy life Th e s k y Ku bad r e pli e d G av e m e my s h ar e l ong s inc e and h e wh o s e h o u r H ath c o m e will h av e t o die wh e r e e r h e b e Th at ti m e is no t ill ti m e d at any ti m e H e s p ak e and u rg e d h is s abl e s t e e d d e nyi ng Th e t w o c o nt e nd e d H is ard e nt h e art all r e s t Fr o m d aw n til l s h ado w s l e ngth e ne d I n t h e e nd Th e vict o ry w as Bar m a n s w h o as h e r o d e H u rl e d at K u bad a d art which s tr u ck h is hip Th at anci e nt li o n h e art A nd pi e rc e d h is b e lt F e ll h e adl o ng and s o p as s e d Th e n with ch e e k s flushe d With prid e and s ati s factio n c am e Barm a n B e fo r e Afra s iyab wh o g av e h im gift s U npr e c e d e nt e d as fro m king t o lie g e Kar an t h e b attl e l o ve r wh e n Ku bad Was s l ai n dr e w o u t his ar my and at t ack e d .
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NA
U DA R
h o st s s e e me d as tw e r e t w o s e as o f Ch in Tho u w o u ld s t h av e s aid : Earth s h ak e th Th e n Kar an Th e w arri o r r u s h e d fo rth and G ars iw az H u g e as an e l e ph ant c o nfro nt e d h im Th e ch arg e r s ne igh e d t h e s u n and s hining m o on W e re hidd e n by t h e du s t cl o u d s o f t h e h os t S w o rd s di am o nd bright and s p e ar h e ad s s t e e p e d in g o r e S h o ne m id t h e d u s t —d u s t lik e a r ai ny cl o u d Wh e r e thr o u gh v e r m ili o n dr o pp e th fr o m t h e s u n A cl ou d wh o s e m arr o w thrill e d with ty m b al din Whil e liqu id cri m s o n dr e nch e d t h e falchi o ns s o u l s Wh e r e e r Kar an u rg e d o n h is s t e e d t h e s t e e l Fl as h e d lik e A z argas h as p and t h ou h ad s t s aid H is Di am o n d s h e dd e th C o r al N ay s h e d s o u l s Afra s iyab b e h e ld and le d his tr o o p s Ag ains t Kar an and with i ns ati at e h e art s Th e y fo u ght till night r o s e o e r t h e hill s and th e n Kar an withdr e w t h e h o s t t o Dahis t an With h e art di s tr act e d by h is br o th e r s d e ath H e c am e t o t h e p avili o n o f N au dar Wh o o n b e h o ldi ng h im le t t e ar s d o w n fall Fr o m w e ary e ye lid s th at h ad s e e n no s l e e p A n d s aid : S i nc e S am t h e h o r s e m an di e d my s o u l H ath no t gri e ve d thu s Live th o u fo r e v e r m o r e A nd s u nlik e b e t h e s pirit o f K u bad A day o fj oy and th e n a day o f gri e f S u ch is t h e w o nt and fas hi o n o f t h e w o rld ! N o fo s t e ri ng will r e s c u e u s fr o m d e ath ; E arth s o nly cr adl e is t h e s e p u lchr e I h av e r e s ig ne d t o d e at h Kar an r e pli e d My d o u ghty b o dy e v e n fr o m my birth Tw as Faridii n th at pu t my h e l m e t o n Th at I m ight tr e ad t h e e arth t o av e ng e Ir aj A nd hith e rt o I h av e no t l o o s e d my girdl e Th e t w o
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TH E S H A H N A M A
3 50
P I R DA U S I
'
OF ‘
l aid as id e t h e s w o rd o f s t e e l My br o th e r Th at s ag e —is d e ad I t o o s h all die in h arne s s ; Bu t b e o f ch e e r Afra s iyab t o day Was s tr ait e ne d and h e c all e d u p h is r e s e rv e s H e s aw m e with mi ne o x h e ad m ac e and e ag e rly Att ack e d m e ; e y e t o e y e I fr ont e d h im H e u s e d s o m e m agic and my k e e n e y e s 10 s t Th e ir vi s i o n night c am e o n and all w as d ark Mi ne arm w as tir e d o f s triki ng Th ou h ad s t s aid Th e s k y w as o v e rc as t Th e E nd h ath c o m e A nd w e w e r e fo rc e d t o qu it t h e b attl e fi e ld B e c au s e t h e tr o o p s w e r e s p e n t and it w as d ark Th e o pp o s i ng h o s t s r e p o s e d a whil e and wh e n Th e m o rr o w d aw ne d b e g an t h e s trife ag ain N or
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dr e w u p fo r b attl e r o y al A nd wh at with th u nd e ri ng dr u m and bl aring tr u m p e t Th o u w o u ld s t h av e s aid : Th e e arth is t o tt e ri ng Afra s iyab wh e n h e b e h e ld arr ay e d H is ar m y o pp o s it e Th e s u n h ath s e t Tho u w o u ld s t h av e s aid e arth w as s o d ark w ith du s t Mid t h e w ar cri e s no ne c o u ld t e ll O f h o rs e m e n A m o u nt ai n fr o m a pl ain h o s t gr appl e d h o s t A nd bl o o d ran lik e a riv e r wh e r e Kar an S ou ght fo r t h e fr ay and wh e r e Afra s iyab T o w e r e d till N au dar appr o ach e d and ch all e ng e d hi m Th e y s tr o v e t o g e th e r s p e ar c o nfu s e d with s p e ar ; N o s e rp e n t s e v e r writh e d t o ge t h e r s o ; H o w c ou ld ki ng s b attl e th u s Th e y fou ght t ill night A nd th e n Afra s iyab w as c o nqu e r o r ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
OF
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6 H o w N au da r
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h o s t r e p o s e d t w o d ays b u t wh e n t h e s u n R os e o n t h e third t h e S hah w as fo rc e d t o fight Th e n lik e a fo am i ng s e a Afras iyab ; D as h e d at t h e ar m y o f N au dar t h e w ar— cry R os e fr o m t h e c am p e ncl o s u r e s m id t h e din O f tr u m p and I ndi an b e ll t h e ty m b al s s ou nd e d B e fo r e t h e S hah s t e nt and t he w arri o r s d o nne d Th e ir ir o n h e l me t s N o ne h ad th ou ght o f s l e e p Withi n t h e c amp o f gre at Afr as iyab ; All night th e y h ad m ad e r e ady s h arp e ni ng Th e s w o rd s and d ou bl e h e ad e d d art s Th e e arth Was fill e d by ar m ou r e d m e n with h e avy m ac e s Kar an w as m ar s h al o f t h e c e ntr al h o s t Wh e r e t o t h e S hah and h e w e re t o w e r s o f s tr e ngt h Th e S hah s l e ft wing t h e h e r o T alim a n Cl aime d fo r hi m s e lf and b o ld S h apii r t h e right Fr o m m o rning till t h e s u n h ad l e ft t h e d o m e Hill s pl ains and w as te s w e r e i ndis ti ngu i s h abl e ; Th o u w o u ld s t h av e s aid : Th e s w o rd s h e art is ,
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wh e n t h e m o narch and Kar an p e rc e iv e d Th e s t ar s av e r s e th e y fl e d b e fo r e t h e fo e To Dahis t an and th e r e m ai nt ain e d th e m s e lve s Night and day C u t o ff fr o m all o u t s id e it Th e y fo u ght in t h e appr o ach e s P as s e d a whil e N o w s i nc e N au dar h ad r e fu g e d in t h e h o ld Wh e r e h o rs e m e n c o u ld no t ac t Afra s iyab M ad e r e ady and d e s p atch e d a fo rc e by n ight B e th ou ght him o f t h e chi e ft ai n Ku ruk h an O f Wis a s r ac e and b ad e h im l e ad th e m fo rth Al o n t h e d e s e rt r o u t e t o Pars fo r th e r e Th e ranians h o m e s w e r e s it u at e and m e n Kar an h e ard this I n tr o u bl e m ak e fo r h o m e A nd m o v e d with j e al o u s y and gri e v e d at h e art We nt in as tw e r e a l e o p ard t o N au d ar B e h o ld h o w b as e Afra s iya b A nd s aid : I s d e ali ng with t h e m o narch o f Ira n ! H e h ath d e s p atch e d a c o u nt l e s s h o s t o f tr o o p s Ag ains t o u r w arri o r s wo m e n S h o u ld h e ge t th e m Di s as t e r will b e fall o u r m e n o f nam e A nd w e s h all hid e o u r fac e s in di s gr ac e S o Ku rakh an m u s t b e att ack e d fo rthwith A nd by t h e l e av e o f t h e vict o ri o u s S hah I will p u r s u e with s p e e d T h o u h as t a riv e r Pr o v is i o ns and righ t z e al o u s w arri o r s Th o u c ans t d e fe nd S t ay th o u ; b e no t c o nc e r ne d Thys e lf with c as e s o pl ay t h e li o n s p art Fo r m o narch s s h o u ld b e b r ave N au d ar r e pli e d N o t s o t h e h o s t h at h no ne lik e th e e t o l e ad th e m Tw as fo r o u r h o m e s th at T ris and G u s t aham W e nt fo rth at b e at o f dr u m and th e y will r e ach Th e w o m e n in g o o d ti m e s u ch is th e ir s p e e d ” A n d t ak e t h e ne e d ful s t e p s Th e mighty me n
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261
TH E S H A H N A M A
3 54
PI R DA U S I
’
OF
W e nt t o t h e s l e e pi ng ch am b e r o f t h e S hah Wh e r e pr e s e ntly th e y s at and c all e d fo r wine To p u rg e th e ir h e art s o f s o rr o w fo r a whil e Wh e n S hah N au dar w as w e ll b e m u s e d h e w e n t B e hi nd h is c u rt ains m e dit ati ng v e ng e anc e A nd th o s e br av e ch 1 e fs — t h e Ira ni an c av ali e r s D e p art e d in dis o rd e r fr o m t h e c o u rt To as s e m bl e at t h e q u art e r s o f Kar an With e y e s like wint e r cl ou d s ; with m u ch d e b at e Th e y all agr e e d : We m u s t s e t o u t fo r Par s F o rthwith o r e l s e o u r wiv e s and littl e o ne s Will all b e br o k e n h e art e d s l av e s all c apt u re d With o u t a s tr u ggl e and w h o th e n will wi e ld Th e s p e ar u p o n t h e pl ai n o r r e s t in pe ac e N o w wh e n th e s e thr e e—S h idus h Kis h w ad Kar an H ad t ak e n c o u ns e l fo r t h e wh o l e e m pris e A nd h alf t h e night h ad p as s e d th e y m ad e th e m r e ady To s ally fo rth At d aw n with h e avy h e art s Th e y r e ach e d wh at m e n in th o s e d ay s c alle d White C as tl e 1 Th e r e fo u nd th e y G u z hdah am t h e c as t e ll an T o g e th e r with h is w atchfu l w arri o r s B e l e agu e r e d by B ar m a n w h o h e ld t h e r o ad With tr o o p s and e l e ph ant s and v ali ant chi e fs A nd e r s t h ad wr u ng t h e h e art o f br av e Kar an Wh o e ag e r t o ave ng e h is br o th e r s bl o o d A s s u m e d his m ail pr e p ar e d h is m e n fo r acti o n A nd m ad e fo r Par s Th e b r av e Bar m a n w as w ar e A nd lik e a li o n m e t him o n t h e w ay N o w wh e n Kar an s aw m id t h e d u s t o f figh t Th at m an o f bl o o d h e gr appl e d with h is fo e All li o n lik e no t giving ti m e fo r r u s e Bu t cl o s e d at o nc e i nv o ki ng G o d fo r s u cc o u r A nd pi e rc e d t h e T u rk m an s girdl e with a j av e li n -
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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Alth o u gh thy h e ad m ay t o u ch t h e cl o u d s it m u s t H av e in t h e e nd it s pl ac e am id t h e d u s t Afra s iyab g av e o rd e rs S e arch h e s aid Th e c av e s t h e hill s t h e w at e r s and t h e w as t e Th at fi e rc e Kar an m ay no t e l u d e o u r tr o o ps Bu t h e aring th at Kar an h ad g o ne t o s av e Th e w o m e n h e w as f u ri ou s Le t Bar m a n s p e e d fo rth and li o n lik e p u r s u e H e b ad e Kar an and bri ng h im m e a pri s o ne r Th e y t o ld t h e m o narch h o w Kar an h ad s e rv e d Bar m a n and br o u ght h im fr o m his s t e e d t o d u s t ; Wh e r e at Afra s iyab w as s o r e ly gri e v e d F o o d r e s t and s l e e p w e r e bitt e rne s s t o h im A nd thu s h e s p ak e t o Wfs a : Le t t h e d e ath Of thi s thy s o n s t e e l thi ne o w n h e art fo r wh e n Th e s o n o f Kaw a w arr e th l e o p ard s s hri nk B e fo r e h is s p e ar G o with a v ali ant h o s t 1 W e ll fu rni s h e d and t ak e v e ng e anc e fo r t h e l o s t ,
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Th u s lik e a t o rr e nt Wis a r u s h e d al o ng A nd s h e d c al am ity thr o u gh o u t t h e w o rld H e m arc h e t h o n in triu m ph gl o ri o u s ly S u ch w as t h e ne w s th at r e ach e d Kar an wh o s e n t H is Ar ab h o r s e m e n fo r ward t o N im ru z A nd fo ll o w e d th e m hi m s e lf—t h e S u n o f e arth cl o u d N ow whe n fr o m Par s h e r e ach e d t h e w as t e a d u s t— App e ar e d u p o n h is l e ft and fr o m t h e d u s t Th e s abl e fl ag e m e rg e d whil e fro m t h e v an B o th ar m i e s Th e T urkm an chi e f le d o n h is h o s t A r r ay e d th e ir r ank s ; t h e w arri o r s s o u ght t h e fr ay T h e n fr o m t h e c e ntr e Wis a s ho u t e d s ayi ng : G o ne t o t h e wind s are cro w n and thr o ne o f gre at ne s s All fr o m Kannuj u p t o Kab u lis t an G h az nin t o o and z ab u lis t an are o u r s O u r thr o ne is gr av e n o n th e ir p al ac e s Wh e re wilt th o u r e fu g e s inc e t h e S hah is t ak e n Kar an am I and c as t Th e o th e r s aid : 1 My bl ank e t o n t h e w at e r s N e ith e r fe ar N o r any idl e r u m o u r s e nt m e fo rth I m arch e d t o fight thy s o n and h avi ng t ake n R e v e nge o n h im will t ak e it no w o n th e e A nd s h o w the e h o w br av e w arri o r s fight Th e y u rg e d Th e ir ch arg e r s o n t h e cl ari o ns bl ar e d d u s t r o s e To l e ft and right and m o o n and s k y w ax e d dim M e n gr appl e d e ag e rly and s h o w e r e d bl o o d Kar an and W is a m e t o nc e in t h e m e llay Bu t W is a t u r ne d aw ay and fl e d t h e fi e ld Whe r e m any a chi e f h ad fall e n y e t Kar an P u r s u e d no t VVis a br o k e n by m i s fo rt u ne App e ar e d b e fo r e Afra s iyab in p ain A nd w e e pi ng fo r h is s o n th at h ad b e e n s l ai n ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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P I R DA U S I ’
59 H o w S hamas as
and
K haz ar wan i nv aded Z dbu lis tan
xp e di t i o n fr o m I r man w e nt fo rth Ag ains t zab u l and S h am as as adv an c e d T o ward S is tan in h as t e whil e Kh az arwan With thirty th o u s and fam o u s m e n—go o d s w o rd s me n M arch e d w arily as far as t h e H irmu nd With gl aiv e and mac e and fo rt u ne at it s h e ight N o w zal w as at t h e b u ri al pl ac e e r e cti ng I n p ai n and gri e f a ch arne l fo r h is fath e r Whil e br av e Mihrab wh o s e m i nd was o n t h e al e rt Was in t h e city and d e s p atch e d an e nv o y To S h am as as Wh e n this m an r e ach e d t h e c am p H e g av e h is m as t e r s gr e e ting s s ayi ng th u s Fo r e v e r m ay t h e m o narch o f T ara n C o nti nu e bright o f h e art and w e ar t h e cro w n Z ahh ak t h e Ar ab w as m i ne an c e s t o r A nd littl e do I l o ve m in e o v e rl o rd Bu t by alli anc e h av e I p u rch as e d life B e c au s e I s aw no o th e r c o u r s e At pr e s e n t I dw e ll within t h e p al ac e r u li ng all z ab u lis t an Wh e n w e n t wh e l me d with gri e f To b u ry s am m y h e art r ej o ic e d and I Will ne v e r s e e h is fac e ag ain I as k Th e fam o u s p al adi n fo r ti m e t o s e nd Afra s iyab a pr u d e nt c am e l e e r ; Twill s h o rt e n m att e rs if h e k no w my m ind I will d e s p atch him fitti ng gi ft s b e s id e s Th e trib u t e and if h e s aith C o m e will s t and B e fo r e h is thr o ne r e s ign t o h im my r e al m I will n o t v e x t h e paladm A n d j o y in h im Bu t s e nd him e v e ry ki nd o f h o ard e d w e alth Th e
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Wh e n it w as day t h e s o ldi e r s g ath e r e d r o u nd A nd m ark e d t h e arr o w s s ayi ng Th e y are z al s ! No ne o th e r s h o o t e th with s u ch s h afts as th e s e Cri e d S h am as as : O Kh az arwan th ou Li o n ! H ad s t th o u no t b e e n r e m i s s in fight no t d allie d S o with Mihrab h is ar my and h is tr e as u r e z al h ad no t tr o u bl e d th e e Th e n Kh az arwan H e is b u t o ne no t A hri m an o r ir o n F e ar no t for I will gr appl e h im anon Wh e nas t h e bright s u n cr o s s e d t h e v au lt w e r e h e ard Dr u m s o n th e pl ai n and in t h e city s o u nd s O f ty m b al s cl ari o ns g o ng s and I ndi an b e ll s zal d o nne d h is m ail ap ac e b e s tr o d e his ch arg e r A s s wift as d u s t whil e all his w arri o r s m o u n t e d With v e ng e fu l th o u ght s and fr o wns u p o n th e ir br o w s H e le d t h e ar m y fo rth u p o n t h e pl ai n E q u ipp e d with e l e ph ant s and c am p e ncl o s u r e s Wh e r e h o s t e nc o u nt e r e d h o s t and m ad e t h e w as t e A s tw e r e a d ark s o me m o u nt ai n with t h e d u s t Th e n Kh az arw an with m ac e and b u ckl e r ru s h e d To c o u nt e r z al and s m o t e his glitt e ri ng br e as t A bl o w th at br ak e h is fam e d c u ir as s Wh e n zal Withdr e w t h e w arri o rs o f Kab u lis t an R e tre at e d b u t br av e zal ar me d h im afr e s h H is h e ad w as wr o th h is bl o o d w as u p h e br andi s h e d H is fath e r s m ac e whil e Kh az arw an adv an c e d To ch all e ng e fig h t a r o ari ng L i o n h e B e fo r e t h e h o s t zal h ad no s o o ne r r ai s e d Th e r e e k o f fight th an Kh az arw an w as o n h im A s q u ick as d u s t whil e zal in fu ry ch arg e d H is fo e and br andi s hi ng t h e o x lik e m ac e S m o t e Kh az arw an u p o n t h e h e ad and m ade Th e gr o u nd as tw e r e a l e o p ard s b ack w ith bl o o d ’
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361
Th e n fl u nghim d o wn tro d o n h im p as s e d al o ng A nd le d t h e ar m y fo rw ard t o t h e pl ai n I nviti ng S h am as as t o c o me and fight Bu t S h am as as c am e n o t h is bl o o d w as chill e d z al n e xt d e s cri e d Ku lb ad am id t h e d u s t A nd s h o u ld e r e d h is s t e e l m ac e Th e r e o n Ku lb ad O bs e rvi ng zal with m ac e and s ci m it ar E nd e av o u r e d t o e s c ap e h is fo e man s s ight Bu t zal t h e c av ali e r s tr u ng u p his b o w A n d lightly ai m e d at h im a p o pl ar arr o w S tr u ck full u p o n t h e girdl e o f Ku lb ad A girdl e th at w as wr o u ght o f li nk s o f s t e e l A nd pinne d him t o t h e p u m m e l thr o u gh t h e l o ins H is tr o o p s h e art s b u r ne d fo r him whil e S h am as as D e s p aire d h is fac e p al e d wh e n th o s e chi e fs w e r e s l ai n A nd h e and all h is ar my in fu ll flight Di s p e r s e d like s h e e p u p o n a s t o r my day Pr e s s e d by t h e s o ldi e rs o f z ab u lis t an A nd by Mihrab Th e fi e ld w as s u ch with c o rp s e s Th e tr o o p s are cr amp e d fo r Th at th o u h ad s t s aid room Th e T u rk m ans fl e d t o w ard Afra s iyab Th e ir m ail u nfas t e ne d and t h e ir girdl e s s napp e d Wh e n S h am as as h ad r e ach e d t h e o p e n pl ai n Kar an t h e s o n o f Kaw a c am e in s ight R e tu rni ng fr o m p u r s u i ng VV1 s a s h o s t Wh o s e no bl e s t h e h ad s l ai n s o e as ily Th e ar m i e s m e t t o g e th e r S h am as as M e t with Kar an t h e l o v e r o f t h e fr ay Wh o k no wi ng his ant ago ni s t s and why Th e y w e r e r e tr e ati ng fr o m z ab u lis t an B ad e tr u m p e t s s ou nd and o ccu pi e d t h e r o ad Thu s h o s t e nc o u nt e r e d h o s t Th e p al adi n S aid t o h is tr o o p s Y e m e n o f no bl e nam e A nd ard e nt s o u l ! go b attl e with y o u r s p e ar s ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
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With cri e s O f m add e ne d e l e ph ant s th e y s e i z e d th e ir s p e ars Which m ad e a r e e d b e d o f t h e b attl e fi e ld A nd v e il e d t h e s u n and m o o n H e lightly s l e w Th o s e T u rk m an tr 0 0 p s and fl u ng th e m o n t h e tr ack F e ll o n t h e w o u nd e d and t h e pri s o ne r s A nd s e nt th e ir d u s t u p t o t h e s hi ni ng s u n Whil e S h am as as with c e rt ai n m e n o f m ight Fl e d and e s c ap e d t he m u rky d u s t o f fight ,
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N e w s o f t h e d e ath o f th o s e fam e d w arri o r s C ame t o t h e T u rk m an king ; his h e art w as p aine d H is ch e e k s w e r e w e t with his h e art s bl o o d H e s aid N au d ar is in my pri s on y e t my fri e nd s A re vil e ly s l au ght e r e d th u s ! Wh at c an I do Bu t s h e d h is bl o o d and giv e n e w c au s e for fe u d ? Wh e r e is N au dar H e w as e nr ag e d an d cri e d : Fo r Wi s a c all e th for r e v e ng e o n h im 7 Bring him h e t o ld an e x e c u ti one r Th at I m ay t e ach him w ar N au d ar o n h e aring Kne w th at his ti m e w as c o m e A cl am o r ou s thr o ng D e p art e d b ou nd his arm s fi rm as a r o ck A nd h al e d h im b ar e b o th h e ad and fo o t fo rd one I n s h am e fu l plight b e fo r e t h e Cr o c o dil e Fu ll o f i m p ati e nc e gr e at Afra s iya b L o o k e d o u t fo r him and s e e in g h im appr o ach R e mind e d him o f th e ir anc e s tr al fe u d B e g an with S al m and Tar and w as h e d aw ay Fr o m h e art and e y e s t h e r e v e r e nc e du e t o king s ,
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This ne w s r e ach e d G u s t ah am and T ris : Th e Grac e Th e y h av e s tru ck o ff O f ki ngs hip is o b s c u r e d R e m o rs e l e s s ly with tr e nch ant s ci mit ar Th e h e ad th at w o r e t h e cr o w n and all is o v e r M e n t o r e th e ir fac e s and pl u ck e d o u t th e ir h air A cry o f m ou rni ng w e nt u p fr o m Ira n Th e gr e at pu t d u s t and e ar t h u p o n th e ir h e ad s All e y e s w e pt t e ars o f bl o o d all r o b e s w e r e r e nt M e n t u r ne d th e ir fac e s to w ard zab u l ; th e ir t ong u e s S p ak e o f t h e S hah th e ir s o u l s y e arn e d fo r t h e S hah Th e y w e nt t o zal in m o u rni ng and in p ain With bl o o d s t ai ne d ch e e k s and d u s t u p o n th e ir h e ad s Th e y cri e d : O g o o d and v ali ant S hah N au dar ! 0 gr e at j u s t m o narch w e ar e r o f t h e cr o w n Th e gu ardi an o f Ira n t h e pr o p o f no bl e s Th e h e ad o f ki ngs and m o narch o f t h e w o rld Thy h e ad is s e eking fo r a cr o w n fr o m d u s t A nd e arth is s av ou ri ng o f t h e bl o o d o f S hah s Th e gr as s e s o n th e s e fi e ld s and fe ll s are h angi ng Th e ir h e ad s in s h am e b e fo r e t h e s u n whil e w e A s k v e ng ean c e m o u r ni ng as it w e r e a fath e r I n wh o m t h e s t o ck o f F ar id an s u r v i v e d Whil e e arth w as s e rv ant t o h is h o r s e s s h o e N o w h im and all th at fam o u s tr o o p h av e th e y B e h e ad e d s h am e fu lly d e s pit e fully ; Bu t w e will dr aw o u r s w o rd s o f w at e r e d s t e e l Will go t o s e e k r e v e ng e and s l ay t h e fo e : S o arm y e and r e viv e t h e anci e nt fe u d Th e h e av e n is s u r e ly wit h u s in o u r gri e f ; I t s e y e s r ai n t e ar s o f bl o o d fo r v e ry r u th “
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fill y o u r e ye s with t ears lik e th o s e A nd s trip y ou r b o di e s o f th e ir d ai nty dr e s s Fo r in r e v e ng e for ki ngs it is no t we ll Th at e y e s s hou ld s t int th e ir t e ar s o r h e arts th e ir r ag e Th e m o u rnfu l m u ltit u d e w e pt bit t e rly A nd b u r nt as t h o u gh u p o n a r agi ng fi re Whil e zal r e nt all his r ai m e nt and s at d o wn With l am e nt abl e ou tcrie s in t h e d u s t H e s aid My tr e nch ant bl ad e s h all ne e r b e h o ld S h e ath til l t h e R e s u rr e cti o n my whit e ch arg e r S h all b e m y thr o ne a s p e ar m ine o nly tr e e My pl ac e a s tirr u p and a d u s ky h e l m Th e r e is no r e s t Th e cr o w n u p o n my h e ad N o s tr e am c an m atch O r s l u m b e r in thi s fe u d Th e riv e r o f m i ne e y e s O h ! m ay t h e s o u l O f gr e at N and ar s hi ne bright am id t h e m ighty A nd m ay t h e L o rd o f e arth b e s t o w o n y o u A s o u l fo r F aith and du ty All o f u s A re b o r n t o die ; it is o u r lo t wh e r e t o We yi e ld o u r ne cks N o w wh e n t h e c aptive s h e ard Th e Ira ni ans are u p o n t h e m arch fo r v e ng e anc e Th e y s e nd o u t c am e l e e r s o n e ve ry s id e H av e g ath e r e d c o u ntl e s s tr o o p s and h av e r e no u nc e d H o m e and d e light s th e y ne ith e r at e nor s l e pt S u ch w as th e ir t e rr o r o f Afra s iyab A m e s s ag e fr o m th e m c am e t o Ighriras 0 m an o f m ighty p u rp o s e fam ou s chi e f ! We are thy s l av e s in all and by thy w o rd We l iv e z al as tho u kno w e s t is at h o m e A nd acti ng with t h e m o n arch o f Kab u l arri o r M e n lik e B ar z in Kar an t h e W Kh arrad and th at h o s t s h att e r e r Kis h w ad A re m e n o f m ight with h and s th at r e ach afar A n d will no t k e e p th e ir cl u tch e s o ff Ira n Do y e t o o
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wh e n th e s e w arri o r s wh e e l ab o u t u s h e r e A nd br andi s h th e ir s h arp l anc e s in h is s ight Th e gr e at Afra s iy ab will b e e nr ag e d His h e art will b e in fl am e d ag ai ns t his c aptiv e s A nd fo r h is cr o w n s s ak e h e will bri ng t o d u s t Th e h e ad s o f all o u r bl am e l e s s c o m p any I f pru d e n t I gh riras s e e fit t o fr e e u s We will di s p e r s e pr ai s e h im b e fo r e t he gr e at A nd m ak e th ank s givi ng u nt o G o d fo r h im Wis e I gh r1 ras r e pli e d : S u ch s kille t h no t ; Tw e r e a fo e s ac t ; thi s h u m an A hri m an W ou ld b e i nc e ns e d I will no t t ak e o th e r o rd e r S o th at m y b r o th e r m ay no t t u rn u p o n m e I n v e ng e anc e I f no w z al is k e e n fo r w ar A nd will adv anc e t o figh t u s at S ar i I will d e liv e r y o u t o h im m y s e lf E v ac u at e A mu l fo rb e ar t o fight A nd bri ng t o i nfam y my h o no u r e d h e ad At thi s r e ply t h e no bl e s o f Iran B e n t t o t h e gr o u nd and fu ll o f pr ai s e fo r h im D e s p atch e d a c o u ri e r fr o m S ari with s p e e d Th e m e s s ag e ran To zal t h e s on o f S am O u r G o d h ath piti e d u s ; wi s e I gh rl ras Thi s is t h e p act b e tw e e n u s I s no w o u r fri e nd I f o nly t wo Ira ni an w arri o r s S h all c o me and o ffe r fight th at no bl e m an Wh o w alk e th fo rt u ne s p ath will qu it A m u l Fo r Rai and s o s o me o ne o f u s m ay s c ap e Th e Dr ag o n s cl u tch Th e c ou ri e r r e ach e d zab u l A nd m ad e t h e gl ad ne w s k no w n t o 2 21 w h o c all e d My fri e nds Th e no bl e s t o ld th e m all th e n s aid : P ard s o f t h e fr ay and wi nne r s o f r e no w n Wh o is t h e w arrio r o f princ ely h e art All bl ack with c ou r ag e wh o will r ais e his ne ck ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
3 68
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Did I no t bid th e e S l ay th e s e e vil m e n ; I t will b e fo lly t o i m pri s o n th e m ? Th e w arri o r s h e ad is no t c o nc e r ne d with s t at e cr aft H is fame is g aine d u p o n t h e b attl e fi e ld ; N o r s h o u ld t h e s o ldi e r tr e ad t h e p ath o f wis d o m Fo r wi s d o m ne v e r m ingle t h wi t h r e v e ng e T e ar s and c o m p as s i o n are no t wh o lly ne e dl e s s H e ans w e r e d Wh e n th o u h as t t h e p o w e r t o h arm F e ar G o d and do it no t fo r cr o w n and girdl e S e e m any lik e th e e b u t are no m an s o wn Fo r e v e r H e ari ng t his Afra s iyab Was s il e nc e d fo r t h e o ne w as fu ll o f fi re Th e o t h e r wi s e ; and h o w s h o u ld wi s d o m fi t A t h is r e ply t h e chi e ft ai n r agi ng D ivs h e ad s L ik e e l e ph ant g o ne mad dr e w fo rth h is s ci m it ar A nd c u t h is br o th e r d o w n ; th at m an o f wi s d o m zal h e ard and s aid A nd g o o d ne s s p as s e d aw ay N o w s h all t h e fo rt u ne o f Afra s iya b Be d ark e ne d and his thr o ne l aid w as t e H e bl e w Th e tr u m p e t s b o u nd t h e ty m b al s o n arr ay e d Th e ar m y lik e t h e e y e o f c h anticl e e r A nd w e n t t o w ard Par s in ang e r and r e v e ng e With tr o o p s th at s tr e tch e d fr o m s e a t o s e a and d ark e ne d Afra s iyab Th e s u n and m o o n with d u s t O n h e ari ng z al s d e s ig n m arch e d fo rth h l S h o s t T o w ard Khar o f Rai dr e w u p and t o o k h is s t and Th e o u tp o s t s w e r e e ng ag e d b o th day and night ; Th o u w o u ld s t h av e s aid : Th e w o rld h ath b u t o ne h u e B o th h o s t s l o s t m any a g all ant m an o f m ark Tw as th u s u ntil t w o s e nn ight s p as s e d aw ay A nd h o r s e and fo o t w e r e w e ary o f t h e fr ay ’
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My c o u r age p u blicly Th e p al adin H ath s u r e ly h e ard o f t h e fi e rc e e l e ph ant A nd M o u n t S ipan d and I s h al l l o s e m y fam e I f no w I tr e mbl e at Afra s iyab This is t h e ti m e for fight and no t fo r flight Th e o v e rthr o w o f Li o ns t h e p u r s u it O f w ar r e no w n and b attl e fas hi o n h e r o e s ; Bu t t is no t s o with w o m e n ; th e ir c o nc e r n I s fo o d and s l e e p z al s aid : O g all an t y o u th Th e chi e f o f princ e s and t h e w arri o r s s t ay My h e art r ej o ic e th wh e n I h e ar th e e s p e ak O f th at whit e e l e ph an t an d M o u nt S ipand Fo r t ru ly s i nc e th at fi ght w as w o n with e as e Why fe ar I fo r th e e no w ? A fra s iyab A nd h is de s igns d e priv e m e o f m y s l e e p Y e t c an I s e n d th e e t o c o nt e nd with o ne Wh o is a g all an t king and l o ve t h b attl e ? N o w is thy t im e fo r fe as t s and tw anging h arp s Fo r qu affi ng wi ne and t al e s o f w arlike d e e d s ; Tis n o t t h y ti m e for w arfar e fam e an d s trife O r s e ndi ng u p t h e e arth s du s t t o t h e m o o n H e s aid : I am no t o ne fo r e as e and r e v e l Tw e r e b as e t o p am p e r in l u x u ri o u s ne s s S u ch ar m s as th e s e and th e s e l o ng h and s o f m i ne Wh at th o u gh t h e b attl e fi e ld and fight b e h ard G o d and vict o ri o u s fo rt u ne are m i ne aid s I n b attl e th o u s h alt m ark m e h o w I go Up o n m y r u ddy ch arg e r thr o u gh t h e bl o o d 1 A nd I will c arry in m y h and a cl o u d Th at is o f w ate r e d h u e b u t raine t h g o r e Whil e fr o m t h e s u b s t an c e o f it fl as h e t h fi re : I t s h e ad s h all br u i s e t h e br ai ns o f e l e ph ant s My qu iv e r wh e n I cl o th e my s e lf in m ail .
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fighting h u m ou r s h e will r e nd Th e h e art s o f li o ns and t h e hid e s o f p ard s Th e o ld m an s s ayi ng s o p e ne d R u s t am s e y e s H e c as t h is r o y al l as s o and e nt angl e d Th e pi eb ald s h e ad Th e nlik e a fu ri ou s e l e ph an t Th e dam adv anc e d as s h e w o u ld t e ar o ff Ru s t am s Wh o r o ar e d as s av ag e li ons r o ar and s c ar e d h e r Th e n with o ne b u ffe t o n t h e with e r s s e nt h e r All tr e m bli ng t o t h e gr o u nd S h e r o s e s pr ang b ack Th e n t u r ne d and j o ine d t h e h e rd whil e m ighty R u s t am S t o o d fi rm and dr e w t h e l as s o tigh t e r s till A nd l aid his h and u p on t h e b ay c o lt s b ack Which g av e no t ; th o u h ad s t s aid : I t is no t fe lt Th e h e r o th o u gh t : Thi s is t h e m o u n t fo r m e I s in t h e
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Th e r e w as a nOis e o f dru m s and cl ari o ns O f m ighty e l e ph ant s and I ndi an g o ngs ; Tw as R e s u rr e c t i o n in z ab u lis t an Ari s e ! A nd e arth c all e d l o u dly t o t h e d e ad A h o s t de p art e d fr o m zabu l lik e li o ns ; All h and s w e re b ath e d in bl o o d I n fr o nt c am e R u s t am A s p al adi n th e n v e t e r an w arri o r s Th e tr o o p s s o s pr ead o e r p as s e s pl ai ns and d al e s Th at r av e ns h ad no t r o o m t o fly whil e tym b als B e at e ve rywh e r e and t u m u lt fill e d t h e w o rld A s at th at ti m e o f r o s e s zal le d fo rth Th e ar m y fr o m zab u l Afra s iyab Th e r e at ar o s e fro m b anqu e t r e s t and s l u m b e r A n d m arch e d t o w ard Khar o f R ai al o ng t h e m e ad o w s Am o ng th e ir s tr e am s and r e e d s Th e Irani an h os t F ar e d o e r t h e d e s e rt t o t h e s c e ne o f w ar A nd wh e n t h e ar m i e s w e r e t w o l e ag u e s ap art zal c all e d t h e v e t e r ans and thu s h ar ang u e d th e m Y e m e n o f wi s d o m w e ll appro v e n w arri o r s ! We h av e arr ay e d u s h e r e an am pl e h o s t A nd with adv ant ag e s ; y e t with no S hah U p o n t h e thr o ne o u r pl ant s w ant r e d e o u r t o il s L ack p u rp o s e and o u r tr o o p s a h e ad Wh e n Zav Was o n t h e thr o ne ne w gl o ry e ve r c am e A nd no w w e ne e d a S hah o f r o y al s e e d ,
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gird h im th e r e A n arch im ag e h ath t o ld m e O f v ali ant Kai K u bad of r o y al s t at ur e A fu t u r e S hah o f Faridri n s o w n li ne I n wh o m Gr ac e h e ight and l awfu l cl ai m s c o m bi ne To
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Th e n gl o ri o u s zal s p ak e u nt o R u s tam s aying B e s tir thy s e lf t ak e u p thy m ac e s e l e ct Th e e s c o rt go with s p e e d t o m o u n t Albu r z Do h o m age u nt o K ai K u ba d b u t s t ay no t With h im b e b ack within t wo s e nnight s s l e e p no t Bu t l at e and e arly h u rry o n and t e ll h im Th e s o ldi e r s l o ng and d e ck t h e thr o ne fo r th e e We s e e no ne fitt e d fo r t h e r o y al cr o w n O m o nar ch o u r d e fe nd e r ! b u t thy s e lf Wh e n z al h ad s p o k e n m atchl e s s R u s t am s w e pt Th e gr o u nd with his e y e l as h e s j o yfu lly G o t o n t h e b ack o f R akh s h and pr o u dly r o d e A T u rk m an o u tp o s t I n q u e s t o f K ai K u bad H e ld t he r o ad s tr o ngly b u t h e ch arg e d t h e fo e A s ch am pi o n o f t h e h o s t with h is br av e tr o o p s H e br andi s h e d it A r m e d with t h e o x h e ad m ac e A nd t o w e ri ng in h is wr ath s tr u ck o u t and r ais e d Th e Tu rk m ans h e art s all fail e d H is b attl e cry H is arm l aid many lo w Th e y s tr o v e with him Bu t h ad t o fl e e t h e b attl e in t h e e nd With br o k e n h e art s and t e arfu l e y e s th e y t u r ne d B ack t o Afra s iyab and t o ld h im all H e s o rr o w e d at th e ir c as e c all e d o ne K u lri n A g all ant T u rk m an w arri o r full o f craft Cho o s e ho r s e m e n fr o m t h e h o s t A nd s aid t o h im ,
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TH E S H A H N A M A
3 514
Fr o m th at bl e s t l and A nd m ak e fri e nd s o n
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h u s r e pli e d Th e S ha h is th e r e a h o ly m an and no bl e H is nam e is Kai K u bad s pr u ng fr o m t h e s e e d O f Faridrin t h e j u s t and pr o s p e r o u s Dir e ct m e t o h im if ye w o t o f him Th e l e ad e r s aid I w o t o f Kai Ku bad I f th o u wilt e nt e r and d e light o u r h e art s I will dir e c t th e e and d e s crib e t h e m an Th e p e e rl e s s R u s t am h e ari ng thi s di s m ou nt e d Lik e wind and h u rri e d t o t h e w at e r s e dg e To wh e r e t h e fo lk w e r e s e at e d in t h e s h ad e Th e y o u th sat d o w n u p o n t h e thr o ne o f g o ld A nd t aking Ru s t am s h and withi n h is o w n Fill e d u p and dr ai ne d a g o bl e t To t h e Fr e e ! Th e n h and e d it t o R u s t am s ayi ng th u s Th o u as k e s t m e O fam o u s w arri o r ! Ab o u t Ku bad wh e nc e k no w e s t th o u h is nam e S aid R u s t am : Fr o m t h e p al adi n I c o m e With j o yfu l ne w s Th e chi e fs h av e d e ck e d t h e thr o ne A nd c all e d o n Kai K u bad t o b e t h e S hah My s ir e t h e chi e f wh o m m e n c all zal s aid th u s G o with an e s c o rt u n t o m o u nt Alb u r z Fi nd v ali an t Kai K u bad and h o m ag e h im Y e t t arry n o t b u t s ay : Th e w arri o r s c all th e e I f th o u h as t tidi ng s A nd h av e pr e p ar e d t h e thr o ne Giv e th e m and s p e e d him t o t h e s o v e r e ign p o w e r I Th e g all an t s tripli ng s m ili ng ans w e r e d : A m Kai Ku bad and s pr u ng fr o m Faridrin I kno w m y li ne ag e fr o m s ir e t o s ir e Wh e n R u s t am h e ard h e b o w e d r o s e fr o m h is s e at O f g o ld t o do o b e i s anc e and th u s s p ak O r u l e r o f t h e r u l e r s o f t h e w o rld Th e s h e lt e r o f t h e br av e and s t ay o f chi e fs ! t
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GA R S H A S P
385
N o w le t Ira n s thr o ne w ait up on thy will Gr e at e l e ph ant s b e t ak e n in thy t o il s Thy right s e at is t h e thr o ne o f ki ng o f ki ng s ; M ay Gr ac e and gl o ry b e t hi n I bri ng e own ! A gr e e ti ng fo r t h e king o f e arth fr o m zal Th e chi e ft ai n and t h e v ali ant p al adi n If n o w t h e S hah s h all bid h is s l av e t o s p e ak I will acqu it m e o f t h e chi e ft ai n s m e s s ag e Br av e Kai K u bad r o s e fr o m h is s e at i nt e nt Up o n t h e s p e ak e r s w o rd s whil e p e e rl e s s Ru s t am Di s c harg e d h is e m b as s ag e With thr o bbi ng h e art Th e y o u ng pri n c e s aid : Br ing m e a c u p o f wi ne A nd dr ank t o R u s t am s he alth wh o lik e wi s e dr ai ne d A g o bl e t t o t h e m o n arch s life and s aid : Th o u m i n d e s t m e o f gl o ri o u s F aridrin F r R u s t am w as r ej o ic e d at s e e i ng h im o ( ) N o t fo r an i ns t ant m ay t h e w o rld l ack th e e Th e thr o ne o f ki ng s hip o r t h e r o y al cr o w n Th e i ns tr u m e nt s s tr u ck u p gr e at w as t h e j o y Th e gri e f w as s m all t h e r u ddy wi n e w e nt r o u nd A n d fl u s h e d t h e y o u thfu l S hah wh o s aid t o R u s t am Mine ard e nt s ou l in s l e e p s aw t w o whit e h awk s Appr o achin g fr o m Iran and bringin g with th e m A cr o w n bright as t h e s u n Th e y c am e t o m e With d ainty and c ar e s s ing air s and s e t it Up o n my h e ad I w ak e ne d fu ll o f h o p e B e c au s e o f th at bright cr o wn and th o s e whit e h awks A n d m ad e a c o u rt h e r e s u ch as ki ng s w o u ld h o ld A s th o u p e rc e iv e s t by t h e riv e r s id e Lik e th o s e whit e h awk s h ath m atchl e s s R u s t am c o m e With ne ws th at I s h all w e ar t h e w arri o r s cr o w n Wh e n R u s t am h e ard th e r e o f h e s aid : Thy dr e am a d a o u rc e pr o ph e tic s ri u s N o w l e t se H A nd j o u r ne y t o Ira n and t o t h e chi e fs Th e n Kai Ku bad r o s e s wift as fi re and mo u nt e d ’
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TH E S H A H N A M A
3 86
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t d whil e R u s t am girt his l o i ns lik e wind A nd j o u r ne y e d pr o u dly with him Night and day H e tr av e ll e d till h e r e ach e d t h e T u rk m an o u tp o s t s Wh e n b o ld Ku lrin w ar e o f h is c o m i ng m arch e d To m e e t and fight with h im Th e S hah th e r e at Was fai n t o pu t his b attl e in arr ay Bu t m ighty R u s t am s aid t o h im : O S hah ! Tis no t a fight fo r th e e th e y will no t s t and Ag ai ns t my b attl e ax and b ard e d R akh s h ; My h e art and arm and m ac e are h e lp e nou gh ; I as k b u t G o d s pr o t e cti o n With a h an d Like min e and r u ddy R akh s h t o c arry me Wh o will c o nfr o nt my m ac e and s ci m it ar ? H e s p ak e s p u rr e d o n and with a s i ngl e bl o w Thr e w o ne and h u rl e d ano th e r at a third Wh o s e br ai ns ran d o w n his no s tril s Th o s e s tr o ng h and s U nh o r s e d t h e fo e and d as h e d th e m t o t h e gro u nd A nd in th e ir fall br ak e h e ad s and ne ck s and b ack s Ku lrin b e h e ld thi s div e s c ap e d fr o m b o nd s With m ac e in h and and l as s o at h is s addl e Charg e d him lik e wi nd and thr u s ti ng with h is s p e ar Br ak e thr o u gh s o m e fas t e nings o f his m ail b u t R u s tam Wh at wh il e h is fo e w as l o s t in w o nd e r m e nt S e i z e d o n t h e s p e ar and wr e nch e d it fr o m Ku lri n Th e n r o ar e d lik e thu nd e r fr o m t h e m o u nt ain t o p s S p e ar e d h im and h avi ng r ai s e d h im fr o m h is s e at 1 Ku lrin Pu t d o w n t h e s p e ar s b u tt t o t h e gr ou nd Was like a s pitt e d bird in s ight o f all Th e vict o r ro d e R akh s h o v e r h im and tr o d h im Th e T u rk m an h o r s e m e n t u r ne d t o fl e e To d e ath H is
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