Theory
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A Beginning to a Bottom-Up Approach to Describing the Physical Universe (author: Joshua Ferguson)
Axioms The universe consists of three spatial dimensions and a temporal dimension; all of which are infinitely resolute. Space is filled with energy called flux. Flux can either be kinetic or massive. Kinetic flux travels at a constant speed, c, with regard to its background while massive flux travels at a speed proportional to its density with an angular momentum, h, with regard to its background. The background of space exists so that the energy expressed by the flux is at a minimal. Flux is always conserved. Kinetic and massive flux are interchangeable. Momentum and Energy Momentum is a quantity that expresses the magnitude of kinetic flux present. Mass is a quantity that expresses the magnitude of massive flux present. Energy is a quantity that expresses the magnitude of the effect of all the flux present. p ∝ kflux
m∝mflux
2
2
E ∝ kflux mflux
2
Massive flux travels in relatively curved paths and kinetic flux travels in relatively straight paths, therefore if they were to be related by an interchangeable quantity, energy, this could be one way of doing it: 2
F=
mflux⋅v 2 2 ; F⋅r =m⋅v ; E=m⋅c r
E=kflux⋅c= p⋅c
The magnitude of each effect can then be superimposed by vector addition. 2
2 2
2
E =m⋅c p⋅c
Relativistic Velocity A massive object moves relative to its background because kinetic flux is translating it. The kinetic flux see themselves as traveling at the speed of c, but their translation is averaged against the rest of the massive energy of the object. No massive object will ever be able to achieve the speed of c since averaging the effect of any finite amount of kinetic flux with a single massive fluxling will always yield a total velocity less than c. The system's energy content would approach infinity as it approached the velocity of c. Time Time is the rate at which fluxling interactions take place. Massive flux experience time due to density-speed. Therefore since effects are averaged against the whole system time is proportional to the density-speed of flux per flux. Therefore if only massive flux exists within a system then the rate of time is at a maximum, but if kinetic flux is present then the rate of time slows down. The density-speed The Theory
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is averaged against the kinetic flux which don't contribute to density-speed. As a massive system approaches c, the rate of time for the massive system approaches zero. Relativistic Factor The relativistic factor, γ, is a factor that relates energy and rest energy content. p=⋅m⋅v Momentum in the case of residing in a massive object. 2 E=⋅m⋅c Relates the relative increase in energy content due to the presence of kinetic flux. t=⋅t a The time that passes for a rest frame is t, when time 't accelerated' passes for the accelerated frame. 2 p 2 ⋅v 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 E =m⋅c 1 E=m⋅c 2 1 p E =m⋅c p⋅c E=m⋅c 1 m⋅c m⋅c c 2 2 1 1 2 v2 ⋅v 2 ⋅v 2 = 1− =1 = =1 = 1 2 2 2 1−v /c c c 1−v 2 /c 2 c
Influence of Space Space attempts to minimize total system energy. This phenomenon creates a force. Its magnitude is governed by the product of kinetic and massive strength. Its influence drops off as surface area increases (the force is omni-directional since space doesn't know locations ahead of time). F=
h⋅c 2 4⋅⋅d
F⋅d 2 h = c 4
2
m⋅v⋅d h = c⋅t 4
m⋅v 2⋅d h 2 =m⋅c ⋅t=E⋅t= c 4
E⋅ t=
h 4
Rephrasing the equation makes it appear in a format that governs a force limited by the exchange of energy and total time required for the exchange to occur. Gravity Massive flux can be collected into and organized into a spherical field. The field would be most dense in the center and have decreasing density as the distance from the center increases. Since speed is proportional to density and the field is more dense towards the center, on average flux will tend to want to move toward the center of the field; because when they travel towards the center they will travel further since their speed increases, but when they travel away from the center they will travel less since their speed decreases. This effect allows the massive flux to exist in an equilibrium state called a gravity well. If any other smaller mass of higher density than the surrounding field exists in the field, the fields will distort each other and the masses will move closer together as on average their flux moves closer together. That effect is called gravity. Gravity is an acceleration. A stable gradient flux will cause a mass to start to move towards the area of higher flux. Once the mass has started moving, its interaction between it and the gradient flux is unaffected, the gradient flux will still pull on it just as hard so the effect is a cumulative addition of velocity, or acceleration.
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This effect can be calculated by multiplying the density-speed of the background by the change in density-speed of the gradient. Therefore the effect of gravity is proportional to the magnitude and curvature of the field. g =b⋅ b
(1)
The gravitational field can only be in equilibrium if the centripetal force of the density-speed of the background balances with the acceleration caused by gravity. On average for flux in equilibrium in the field, gravity is only felt half the time; the flux is always moving and its movements define gravity and for that reason it doesn't always feel gravity†. b2 g = r 2
(2)
g=
2⋅b 2 r
b=
g⋅r 2
A solution for equations 1 and 2 would be: g=
r2
b=
2⋅ r
b=
2⋅r
3
Where μ represents the total activity of the gravitational system. The total activity of a gravitational system can be expressed as a function of its total mass (or energy) and rate at which it can exchange energy. =G c⋅mtotal =
G c⋅E total c
2
The rate at which a gravitational system exchanges energy with the background is proportional to the change in background's gravity across the system. The change in gravity makes equilibrium harder since the exchange of energy at each extreme would occur at different rates; total activity of the system goes up proportionally as a result of this†. Gc ∝ g ∝
2⋅ (for sufficiently small objects) r3
Gravitational Time Dilation As speed increases, time slows down. Density speed doesn't escape this either, since the movement of massive flux makes them appear as if they have kinetic energy relative to a rest frame. t=⋅t a
=
1 1−v 2 /c 2
t=
ta
1−b
2
/c
2
t=
ta
=
ta
1− 2⋅G⋅m/c ⋅r 1−2⋅g⋅r /c 2 2
Therefore as the magnitude of the gravitational field goes up then the rate at which time is experienced goes down.
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Differential / Relativistic Gravitational Field Equations As the density-speed of massive flux approaches c its density and actual speed will start to diverge. The kinetic flux (depends on the reference frame) that causes movement can never push the massive flux to c. ed =
b
2
b 1− 2 c
b=
c⋅ed
c2 ed 2
Assuming a spherical field, energy density is still going to change like before. ed =
b 2⋅r
With the b-delta-b equation one can then calculate an approximation to a simple spherical gravitational field. Electron The collection of a compact sphere of massive flux can act as an individual unit or particle, called an electron (or positron). Inside the electron the behavior of flux is slightly different. Continuously compounded recirculation of flux occurs in the gravitational field due to the constantly unorganized angular movements and infinitely resolute temporal and spatial dimensions. In the electron, flux is much more highly organized and recirculation is negligible which makes gravity stronger. It is continuously compounded ergo e k and undergoes infinitely resolute recirculation ergo k =e−1 therefore gravity is stronger by a factor of e e †. 2 v G⋅M e⋅ e = 2 r r 2 e r⋅v =G⋅M e⋅ e e
; centrifugal acceleration = gravitational acceleration ; simplify 2
b G⋅M e⋅ e e r⋅ ⋅ =G⋅M e⋅ e ; substitute a proportion to find velocity; electron keeps the curvature as the background 2 g r 2 e 3 2 b ⋅G⋅M e⋅ e=r ⋅g ; simplify 2⋅h 3 2 e 2 b ⋅G⋅M e⋅ e= ⋅g ; substitute in radius, twice normal wavelength to create a stable standing wave M e⋅c 2 4 3 e 3 2 b ⋅G⋅M e⋅c ⋅ e=8⋅h ⋅g ; simplify e
3
2
8⋅h ⋅g ; solve for unknown M e= 2 3 e b ⋅G⋅c ⋅ e 2 3 4 8⋅ b ⋅h ; substitute in curvature M e= e 3 e⋅G⋅c 4
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4
M e=
3.986004418x10 8⋅
m3 s2
14
3
⋅h
2⋅6377000 m 3 m 3 e e⋅6.6742x10−11 ⋅c 2 kg⋅s
3 −31
=9.109x10
; test some math
kg
With G being inversely proportional to Δb (curvature), electron mass is constant and well within the bounds of the current known accuracy of G. Wave Nature (under developed) The wave-particle duality arises from interactions between the particles and the flux of the gravitational background. The gravitational field can move particles and particles can move the gravitational field. The particles cause relative rarefactions and compressions in the energy of the gravitational field. These waves can then interact with other particles. The wavelength of the resultant waves being the result of the kinetic flux interacting with the massive background flux, equation (1) can be deduced. A long with equation (2) and the kinetic energy equation (from page 1), equation (3) can be deduced. (1) =
h (2) c=⋅ (3) E=h⋅ p
Further Work Wave-particle duality needs to be explored more a long with a lot of other physical phenomena. Also areas marked with † are items which appear very logical in the author's head but may not seem so in others; more rigorous mathematical descriptions of these phenomena should be sought out.
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Axioms The universe consists of three spatial dimensions and a temporal dimension; all of which are infinitely resolute. Space is filled with energy called flux. Flux can either be kinetic or massive. Kinetic flux travels at a constant speed, c, with regard to its background while massive flux travels at a speed proportional to its density with an angular momentum, h, with regard to its background. The background of space exists so that the energy expressed by the flux is at a minimal. Flux is always conserved. Kinetic and massive flux are interchangeable. Momentum and Energy Momentum is a quantity that expresses the magnitude of kinetic flux present. Mass is a quantity that expresses the magnitude of massive flux present. Energy is a quantity that expresses the magnitude of the effect of all the flux present. p ∝ kflux
m∝mflux
2
2
E ∝ kflux mflux
2
Massive flux travels in relatively curved paths and kinetic flux travels in relatively straight paths, therefore if they were to be related by an interchangeable quantity, energy, this could be one way of doing it: 2
F=
mflux⋅v 2 2 ; F⋅r =m⋅v ; E=m⋅c r
E=kflux⋅c= p⋅c
The magnitude of each effect can then be superimposed by vector addition. 2
2 2
2
E =m⋅c p⋅c
Relativistic Velocity A massive object moves relative to its background because kinetic flux is translating it. The kinetic flux see themselves as traveling at the speed of c, but their translation is averaged against the rest of the massive energy of the object. No massive object will ever be able to achieve the speed of c since averaging the effect of any finite amount of kinetic flux with a single massive fluxling will always yield a total velocity less than c. The system's energy content would approach infinity as it approached the velocity of c. Time Time is the rate at which fluxling interactions take place. Massive flux experience time due to density-speed. Therefore since effects are averaged against the whole system time is proportional to the density-speed of flux per flux. Therefore if only massive flux exists within a system then the rate of time is at a maximum, but if kinetic flux is present then the rate of time slows down. The density-speed The Theory
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is averaged against the kinetic flux which don't contribute to density-speed. As a massive system approaches c, the rate of time for the massive system approaches zero. Relativistic Factor The relativistic factor, γ, is a factor that relates energy and rest energy content. p=⋅m⋅v Momentum in the case of residing in a massive object. 2 E=⋅m⋅c Relates the relative increase in energy content due to the presence of kinetic flux. t=⋅t a The time that passes for a rest frame is t, when time 't accelerated' passes for the accelerated frame. 2 p 2 ⋅v 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 E =m⋅c 1 E=m⋅c 2 1 p E =m⋅c p⋅c E=m⋅c 1 m⋅c m⋅c c 2 2 1 1 2 v2 ⋅v 2 ⋅v 2 = 1− =1 = =1 = 1 2 2 2 1−v /c c c 1−v 2 /c 2 c
Influence of Space Space attempts to minimize total system energy. This phenomenon creates a force. Its magnitude is governed by the product of kinetic and massive strength. Its influence drops off as surface area increases (the force is omni-directional since space doesn't know locations ahead of time). F=
h⋅c 2 4⋅⋅d
F⋅d 2 h = c 4
2
m⋅v⋅d h = c⋅t 4
m⋅v 2⋅d h 2 =m⋅c ⋅t=E⋅t= c 4
E⋅ t=
h 4
Rephrasing the equation makes it appear in a format that governs a force limited by the exchange of energy and total time required for the exchange to occur. Gravity Massive flux can be collected into and organized into a spherical field. The field would be most dense in the center and have decreasing density as the distance from the center increases. Since speed is proportional to density and the field is more dense towards the center, on average flux will tend to want to move toward the center of the field; because when they travel towards the center they will travel further since their speed increases, but when they travel away from the center they will travel less since their speed decreases. This effect allows the massive flux to exist in an equilibrium state called a gravity well. If any other smaller mass of higher density than the surrounding field exists in the field, the fields will distort each other and the masses will move closer together as on average their flux moves closer together. That effect is called gravity. Gravity is an acceleration. A stable gradient flux will cause a mass to start to move towards the area of higher flux. Once the mass has started moving, its interaction between it and the gradient flux is unaffected, the gradient flux will still pull on it just as hard so the effect is a cumulative addition of velocity, or acceleration.
The Theory
2 of 5
This effect can be calculated by multiplying the density-speed of the background by the change in density-speed of the gradient. Therefore the effect of gravity is proportional to the magnitude and curvature of the field. g =b⋅ b
(1)
The gravitational field can only be in equilibrium if the centripetal force of the density-speed of the background balances with the acceleration caused by gravity. On average for flux in equilibrium in the field, gravity is only felt half the time; the flux is always moving and its movements define gravity and for that reason it doesn't always feel gravity†. b2 g = r 2
(2)
g=
2⋅b 2 r
b=
g⋅r 2
A solution for equations 1 and 2 would be: g=
r2
b=
2⋅ r
b=
2⋅r
3
Where μ represents the total activity of the gravitational system. The total activity of a gravitational system can be expressed as a function of its total mass (or energy) and rate at which it can exchange energy. =G c⋅mtotal =
G c⋅E total c
2
The rate at which a gravitational system exchanges energy with the background is proportional to the change in background's gravity across the system. The change in gravity makes equilibrium harder since the exchange of energy at each extreme would occur at different rates; total activity of the system goes up proportionally as a result of this†. Gc ∝ g ∝
2⋅ (for sufficiently small objects) r3
Gravitational Time Dilation As speed increases, time slows down. Density speed doesn't escape this either, since the movement of massive flux makes them appear as if they have kinetic energy relative to a rest frame. t=⋅t a
=
1 1−v 2 /c 2
t=
ta
1−b
2
/c
2
t=
ta
=
ta
1− 2⋅G⋅m/c ⋅r 1−2⋅g⋅r /c 2 2
Therefore as the magnitude of the gravitational field goes up then the rate at which time is experienced goes down.
The Theory
3 of 5
Differential / Relativistic Gravitational Field Equations As the density-speed of massive flux approaches c its density and actual speed will start to diverge. The kinetic flux (depends on the reference frame) that causes movement can never push the massive flux to c. ed =
b
2
b 1− 2 c
b=
c⋅ed
c2 ed 2
Assuming a spherical field, energy density is still going to change like before. ed =
b 2⋅r
With the b-delta-b equation one can then calculate an approximation to a simple spherical gravitational field. Electron The collection of a compact sphere of massive flux can act as an individual unit or particle, called an electron (or positron). Inside the electron the behavior of flux is slightly different. Continuously compounded recirculation of flux occurs in the gravitational field due to the constantly unorganized angular movements and infinitely resolute temporal and spatial dimensions. In the electron, flux is much more highly organized and recirculation is negligible which makes gravity stronger. It is continuously compounded ergo e k and undergoes infinitely resolute recirculation ergo k =e−1 therefore gravity is stronger by a factor of e e †. 2 v G⋅M e⋅ e = 2 r r 2 e r⋅v =G⋅M e⋅ e e
; centrifugal acceleration = gravitational acceleration ; simplify 2
b G⋅M e⋅ e e r⋅ ⋅ =G⋅M e⋅ e ; substitute a proportion to find velocity; electron keeps the curvature as the background 2 g r 2 e 3 2 b ⋅G⋅M e⋅ e=r ⋅g ; simplify 2⋅h 3 2 e 2 b ⋅G⋅M e⋅ e= ⋅g ; substitute in radius, twice normal wavelength to create a stable standing wave M e⋅c 2 4 3 e 3 2 b ⋅G⋅M e⋅c ⋅ e=8⋅h ⋅g ; simplify e
3
2
8⋅h ⋅g ; solve for unknown M e= 2 3 e b ⋅G⋅c ⋅ e 2 3 4 8⋅ b ⋅h ; substitute in curvature M e= e 3 e⋅G⋅c 4
The Theory
4 of 5
4
M e=
3.986004418x10 8⋅
m3 s2
14
3
⋅h
2⋅6377000 m 3 m 3 e e⋅6.6742x10−11 ⋅c 2 kg⋅s
3 −31
=9.109x10
; test some math
kg
With G being inversely proportional to Δb (curvature), electron mass is constant and well within the bounds of the current known accuracy of G. Wave Nature (under developed) The wave-particle duality arises from interactions between the particles and the flux of the gravitational background. The gravitational field can move particles and particles can move the gravitational field. The particles cause relative rarefactions and compressions in the energy of the gravitational field. These waves can then interact with other particles. The wavelength of the resultant waves being the result of the kinetic flux interacting with the massive background flux, equation (1) can be deduced. A long with equation (2) and the kinetic energy equation (from page 1), equation (3) can be deduced. (1) =
h (2) c=⋅ (3) E=h⋅ p
Further Work Wave-particle duality needs to be explored more a long with a lot of other physical phenomena. Also areas marked with † are items which appear very logical in the author's head but may not seem so in others; more rigorous mathematical descriptions of these phenomena should be sought out.
The Theory
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