Theories Of Caring In Nursing

THEORIES & AUTHOR 1.

CULTURE CARE DIVERSITY AND UNIVERSALITY (Madeleine. Leininger)

2.

THEORY OF BUREAUCRATIC CARING (Mariilyn Anne Ray)

3.CARING, THE HUMAN MODE OF BEING (M. Simone Roach)

4.NURSING AS CARING (Anne Boykin and Savina Schoenhofer)

5.THEORY OF HUMAN CARE (Jean Watson)

6. THEORY OF CARING (Kristen Swanson)

THEORIES OF CARING IN NURSING PROPOSITION/IDEA ASSUMPTION “Caring is essence of nursing and is the distinct, central, unifying form of control.” • Trans-cultural nursing focuses on both differences and similarities among persons in diverse cultures.

Nurses must understand different cultures in order to function effectively.

“Caring in nursing is contextual and is influenced by organizational structure.” • Spiritual-ethical caring for nursing does not question whether or not to care in complex systems, but intimates how sincere deliberations ad ultimately the facilitation of choices for the good of others can or should be accomplished “Caring is the most common, authentic criterion of humanness.” • Caring is not unique in nursing, because caring is the center of all attributes used to describe nursing. “Caring is an altruistic, active expression of love, intentional and embodied recognition of value and correctedness.” • Purpose of profession of nursing is to know the persons and nurture them as persons living and growing in care. “Caring is essence of nursing and moral ideal of nursing.” • Caring is the moral ideal of nursing whereby the end is protection, enhancement and preservation of human dignity. • Human care is basis for nursing’s role in society. Therefore, nursing’s contribution to society lies in its moral commitment to human care. “Caring is nurturing way of relating to a valued other toward one whom one feels a personal sense of commitment and responsibility.” • It focuses on the caring processes as nursing interventions.

(1)

Respect of persons as caring individual (2) Respect of what matters to them

DEVELOPED SKILLS Culturally-congruent care:  By preserving client’s familiar life-ways  by re-patterning nursing care to help client move toward wellness  by making accommodations in caring that are satisfying to client. Spiritual –ethical caring influences each of the aspects of the bureaucratic system: *political *economic *physical *socio-cultural *technological *legal *educational Six C’s of caring nursing: *compassion *conscience *competence *commitment *comportment *confidence

in

knowing self as a caring person, nurse can be authentic to self, freeing oneself to truly be with others.

Emphasizes nursing’s commitment to care of the whole person as well as a concern for health of individuals and groups.

The two individuals (nurse and client) in a caring transaction are both in a process of being and becoming.

A client’s well being should be enhanced by a caring nurse who understands common human responses to a specific health problem

Caring processes and subdimensions : KNOWING BEING WITH DOING FOR ENABLING MAINTAINING BELIEF

7. THE PRIMACY OF CARING (Patricia Benner and Judith Wrubel)

“Caring is primary because it sets up the possibility of giving and receiving help.” • Caring practice requires attending to the particular client over time, determining what matters to the person, and using this knowledge in clinical judgments.

A caring relationship requires a certain amount of openness and capacity to respond to care on the part of the client. A caring practice involves client advocacy and provides the necessary conditions to help the client grow and develop.