Nursing Theories

Nightingale Peplau

Rogers

Roy

Orem

Watson

Henderson

Johnson

King

Environmental Adaptation Theory Nursing is…”the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in recovery”à sanitation Interpersonal Relations/ Psychodynamic Theory • Use of therapeutic relationship between the client and the nurse • Orientationà Identificationà Exploitationà Resolution • Health as growth in human process The Science of Unitary Human Beings “The person as a “whole” that is greater than the sum of all its parts” 1. Is an irreducible, four-dimensional energy field identified by pattern 2. Manifests characteristics different from the sum of the parts 3. Interacts continuously and creatively with the environment 4. Behaves as a totality 5. As a sentient being, participates creatively in change Adaptation model “Adaptation is defined as a process and outcome in which a thinking/feeling person uses conscious awareness and choice to create human and environmental adaptation. “ General Theory of Nursing • Self-care: activities an individual performs independently throughout life to promote and maintain personal well-being. • Self-care agency: individual’s ability to perform self-care activities • Self-care requisites: are measures or actions taken to provide self-care. Human Caring Society or Science of Caring Caring is the unifying focus for practice; interventions are “carative factors” Virginia Henderson’s Definition of a Nurse “The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to a peaceful death” Behavioral Systems Model “All the patterned, repetitive, purposeful ways of behaving that characterize each person's life make up an organized and integrated whole, or a system" (other). Johnson states that by categorizing behaviors, they can be predicted and ordered Goal Attainment Theory • includes three types of dynamic, interacting systems: • Personal systems (represented by individuals), interpersonal systems (represented by such dyadic interactions as nurse-patient dialogue), and social systems (represented by larger institutions such as hospitals and families).”