Nightingale Peplau
Rogers
Roy
Orem
Watson
Henderson
Johnson
King
Environmental Adaptation Theory Nursing is…”the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in recovery”à sanitation Interpersonal Relations/ Psychodynamic Theory • Use of therapeutic relationship between the client and the nurse • Orientationà Identificationà Exploitationà Resolution • Health as growth in human process The Science of Unitary Human Beings “The person as a “whole” that is greater than the sum of all its parts” 1. Is an irreducible, four-dimensional energy field identified by pattern 2. Manifests characteristics different from the sum of the parts 3. Interacts continuously and creatively with the environment 4. Behaves as a totality 5. As a sentient being, participates creatively in change Adaptation model “Adaptation is defined as a process and outcome in which a thinking/feeling person uses conscious awareness and choice to create human and environmental adaptation. “ General Theory of Nursing • Self-care: activities an individual performs independently throughout life to promote and maintain personal well-being. • Self-care agency: individual’s ability to perform self-care activities • Self-care requisites: are measures or actions taken to provide self-care. Human Caring Society or Science of Caring Caring is the unifying focus for practice; interventions are “carative factors” Virginia Henderson’s Definition of a Nurse “The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to a peaceful death” Behavioral Systems Model “All the patterned, repetitive, purposeful ways of behaving that characterize each person's life make up an organized and integrated whole, or a system" (other). Johnson states that by categorizing behaviors, they can be predicted and ordered Goal Attainment Theory • includes three types of dynamic, interacting systems: • Personal systems (represented by individuals), interpersonal systems (represented by such dyadic interactions as nurse-patient dialogue), and social systems (represented by larger institutions such as hospitals and families).”