The Universe

Govt. Girls Sr. Sec. School, Basti Sheikh, Jalandhar Project on The Universe

Presented by: Smt. Rukmani Devi Science Mistress

Govt. Girls Sr. Sec. School, Basti Sheikh, Presented Jalandhar by: Smt.Rukmani Devi, Science Mistress

The Universe The Solar System The sun, the nine planets and their moons make up the solar system. (The word ‘solar’ means of the sun.) Our earth is part of the solar system.

How the solar system was formed In the beginning, the solar system was huge, swirling ball of dust and very hot gases. The centre of this huge spinning cloud collected to become the Sun. The Sun is at the centre of our solar system. Other parts of the original gas cloud collected together in different places. As the gases cooled, they became liquid and finally solid. These became the planets and their moons Govt. Girls Sr. Sec. School, Basti Sheikh, Presented Jalandhar by: Smt.Rukmani Devi, Science Mistress

The Sun The sun is still a ball of very hot gases. That is why it gives out heat and light. A heavenly body that has its own heat and light is called a star. This means that the Sun is also a star. There are countless such stars in the sky with planets revolving around them. Some of these stars are much bigger then our star— the Sun.

Govt. Girls Sr. Sec. School, Basti Sheikh, Presented Jalandhar by: Smt.Rukmani Devi, Science Mistress

The Planets A Planet is round. It has no lights of its own. It shines because of the Sun shines on it. The planets are moving all the time. A planet has two kinds of movements. It rotates, or spins around its axis. It also revolves on a fixed path around the Sun. This fixed path is called the planet’s orbit. Govt. Girls Sr. Sec. School, Basti Sheikh, Presented Jalandhar by: Smt.Rukmani Devi, Science Mistress

The Nine Planets The nine planets in order are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Each planet is of different size. Mercury is the smallest and Jupiter, the biggest. Living things exist only on the planet Earth alone. The earth has just the right kind of oxygen-rich air, water and warmth for plants and animals to live. We cannot live on any other planets. Govt. Girls Sr. Sec. School, Basti Sheikh, Presented Jalandhar by: Smt.Rukmani Devi, Science Mistress

Sun With Nine Planets

Teacher’s Note: An easy way to learn the planet names in order– Mom Very Eagerly Made Jam Sandwiches, Upma, Govt. Girls Sr. Sec. School, Basti Sheikh, Presented Jalandhar by: Smt.Rukmani Devi, Science Mistress Nine Pizzas.

Venus Planet Venus and Mercury are near the Sun. So they are hot. Venus is covered with thick clouds. The clouds keep it very hot. In fact, it is the hottest and the brightest planet in our solar system. It can be seen early in the morning or in the evening. It is often called the ‘morning star’ or the ‘evening star’– which is wrong because it is not a star. Actually, when we look at the night sky without a telescope, it is difficult for us to tell a star from a planet. Govt. Girls Sr. Sec. School, Basti Sheikh, Presented Jalandhar by: Smt.Rukmani Devi, Science Mistress

Moons Like the planets, moons are also round bodies but they are smaller than planets. Our planet Earth has one Moon going around it. Some of the other planets too have moons going around them. Many have more than one moon. Moons travel around their planets in fixed orbits. A Moon does not have its own light. It shines only when sun light falls on it. A moon is also called a natural satellite. A satellite is something which orbits or goes around something bigger than itself.

Govt. Girls Sr. Sec. School, Basti Sheikh, Presented Jalandhar by: Smt.Rukmani Devi, Science Mistress