The Trigeminal Nerve

THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE • Mixed nerve=Sensory and motor • Sensory: sensory to skin of face, nose and nasal cavity, forehead, temple, teeth, tongue, palate • Motor: Mandibular branch gives off motor nerves to muscles of mastication

V1- Ophthalmic Branch

• smallest of the three divisions of the trigeminal, • Exits through superior orbital fissure Branches: • Lacrimal-upper eyelid and eyebrow-lateral part • Supratrochlear-upper eyelid- medial part forehead,-medial part, upper eyelid conjuctiva • Supraorbital-upper eyelid, forehead up to top of skull • Nasociliary– long ciliary-eyeball, ciliary ganglion – Infratrochlear-lower eyelid, side of nose – ethmoidal nerves • Ant. Ethmoid-frontal sinus, anterior ethmoid air cells • Post. Ethmoid-posterior ethmoid air cells, sphenoid sinus – internal nasal branch –anterior spetum, lateral walls of nasal cavity – external nasal branch –tip of nose

V2- Maxillary Branch

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In the Cranium – Middle meningeal n.- dura mater

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In the Pterygopalatine Fossa Zygomatic br: • zygomaticotemporal –zygomatic arch • Zygomaticofacial-side of forehead, ant. temporal part – Sphenopalatine(6) • Orbital-periosteum of orbit, sphenoid sinus, post. ethmoid cells • Greater palatine(anterior palatine)-mucous membrane of posterior hard palate • Lesser palatine-soft palate and tonsil • Posterior lateral nasal br.-over nasal turbinates • Nasopalatine-lower posterior nasal septum, mucous membrane of anterior hard palate • Pharyngeal-nasopharynx

• Posterior superior alveolar nerve – Gingival-buccal gingiva of upper molars – Alveolar-distobuccal and palatal roots of upper 1st molar, 2nd molar, 3rd molar, maxillary sinus – Infraorbital canal: • Middle Superior alveolar nerve: premolars, mesiobuccal root of 1st molar, maxillary sinus • Anterior superior alveolar nerve:maxillary incisors, maxilary sinus – On the face: • Inferior palpebral-lower eyelid • Lateral nasal-side of the nose • Superior labial-upper lip

V3-Mandibular branch

Sensory branches: • Nervus tentorii-dura mater • Buccal nerve (long buccal)-mucous membrane of cheek, buccal gingiva of lower molars • Auriculotemporal nerve- skin of zygoma, cheek, mandible, parotid gland, TMJ, skin inside ear canal, upper part of external ear, skin from zygoma up to side of the head • Lingual nerve-mucous membrane of ant. 2/3 of tongue, lingual gingiva, submandibular and sublingual glands • Inferior alveolar nerve – Dental branches-all lower molars and premolars – Mental nerve-skin of lower lip and chin – Incisive nerve-incisors and canines

Motor Branches: • Internal pterygoid nerve • Masseter nerve • Deep temporal branches • External pterygoid nerve • Mylohyoid nerve