The Role Of Electrical Stimulators In Contemporary Physical Therapy

THE ROLE OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATORS IN CONTEMPORARY PHYSICAL THERAPY Presented by: Anusuya Das. Roll no.- 11931052001. Department of Bio-Medical Engineering. Siliguri Institute of

OVERVIEW Physical Therapy Electrotherapy General Principle Strength Duration Curve Types of Stimulators An Electrodiagnostic Therapeutic Stimulator

Peripheral Nerve Stimulator Stimulators for pain &relief Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Interferential Current Therapy Electrical Stimulation Applications

PHYSICAL THERAPY The treatment of physical dysfunction or injury by the application of modalities, intended to restore or facilitate normal function or development.

ELECTROTHERAPY The treatment of patients by the application of an electric current to stimulate a tissue in order to bring about physiological changes for therapeutic purposes.

GENERAL PRINCIPLE

Brain

Spinal Cord Stimulator Limb

STRENGTH DURATION CURVE

Represents relationship between : Strength of stimulating current and length of time it applied to produce a response

TYPES OF STIMULATORS Stimulators : Devices used to stimulate innervated muscles, denervated muscles and nerves.

Galvanic Faradic Exponential Interrupted Galvanic Surged Faradic

TYPES OF STIMULATOR WAVEFORMS

GALVANIC CURRENT

TYPES OF STIMULATOR WAVEFORMS

FARADIC CURRENT

TYPES OF STIMULATOR WAVEFORMS

EXPONENTIAL CURRENT

TYPES OF STIMULATOR WAVEFORMS

INTERRUPTED GALVANIC CURRENT

TYPES OF STIMULATOR WAVEFORMS

SURGED FARADIC CURRENT

AN ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC THERAPEUTIC STIMULATOR

Fig. Schematic diagram of a diagnostic/therapeutic stimulating unit

PERIPHERAL NERVE STIMULATOR For treatment of pain originating from peripheral nerves. Different nerves stimulated: median, ulnar, radial nerves. Leads placed under skin overlying nerves. For treatment of chronic pain.

STIMULATORS FOR PAIN AND RELIEF ELECTRICAL SIGNAL

↓ NERVE SENSATION STOPS

↓ NATURAL PAIN RELIEVING SUBSTANCES (ENDORPHINS)

↓ NO PAIN MESSAGES TO BRAIN

↓

TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION Transcutaneous or skin surface application of electrical stimulus. Impulses produced in battery powered pulse generator. Continuous mild stimulation. Jams pain signals along nerves. Results in analgesia. Current intensity: 0-80 mA Pulse frequency: 2-150 Hz Pulse duration: 2-250 μs

INTERFERENTIAL CURRENT THERAPY

Use a fixed carrier frequency of 4000 Hz. Second adjustable frequency of up to 4400 Hz. Fixed and adjustable frequencies combine (heterodyne). Produce desired beat frequency or interference frequency. Easier access to deep structures.

APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATIONVISION RESTORATION EPILEPSY CONTROL

COCHLEAR IMPLANT

TREMOR CONTROL PHRENIC PACING CONTROL OF REACHING AND GRASPING SCOLIOSIS CONTROL MUSCLES EXERCISE CONTROL OF STANDING AND WALKING SPASTICITY REDUCTION

CARDIAC PACING BOWEL EMPTYING

BLADDER EMPTYING AND CONTROL OF INCONTINENCE WOUND HEALING

PAIN SUPPRESSION

CONCLUSION A potential therapeutic tool. Non- invasive, drug free, non addictive. Functional restoration and pain control.

REFERENCES Khandpur R.S., “Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation”, Tata McGraw Hill American Physical Therapy Association, www.apta.org www.electrotherapy.org www.electrotherapymuseum.com www.wikipedia.com www.painjournalonline.com

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