The Chemistry Of Love By Portia Sabido

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The Chemistry of Portia Mahal Sabido,Ph.D. Sabido,Ph.D. Institute of Chemistry 2/12/2009

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www.humanchemistry.net/

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January 2008

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January 13, 2009

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Outline:Today’sTalk

What is Love?

• What is Love? • Why We Love? • Our First Look at Love • Stages of Love – Chemistry in Each Stage

• What makes us Fall In Love? • Summary 2/12/2009

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Why We Love?

Principal job: • conceive offspring • bring them to adulthood

Propagation of species

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Our First Experience of Love

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1 Min Gen Chem

1 Min Gen Chem Pattern

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1-Min Organic Chem

1-Min Gen Chem

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1-Min Organic Chem

1-Min Organic Chem +

H 3N

Cys

Tyr

Ile

S S

Gln Cys Pro

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1-Minute Biochemistry

Asn Leu

O Gly

C

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NH2 20

Major Endocrine Organs • hormones

Signal

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Nervous System

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Nervous System

• Central Nervous System

• Neurotransmitters

• Peripheral Nervous System

• Agonist

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervous_system

• Antagonist

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Neuroscience for Kids: 2/12/2009 http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/chnt1.html

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Our First Experience of Love

After This. . .

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Major Endocrine Organs

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+

Oxytocin

Oxytocin

• From pituitary gland • Cyclic Peptide

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• Cyclic Peptide

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H 3N

Cys

Tyr

Ile

S S

Gln Cys Pro

Asn Leu

O Gly

C

NH2

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+

Oxytocin

H 3N

• Cyclic Peptide

Cys

Tyr

S

+

Ile

S

Oxytocin

Gln Cys Pro

Asn Leu

O Gly

C

Associated With: • uterine contractions during labor in childbirth 2/12/2009

• Cyclic Peptide

NH2

Cys

Tyr

Ile

S S

Gln Cys Pro

Asn Leu

O Gly

C

NH2

Associated With: • uterine contractions during labor in childbirth 31

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Medical Drugs

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Oxytocin

• To induce labor :

• mother/infant bonding

– Pitocin and Syntocinon – Oxytocin

• To Suppress Premature Labor

• "let down" reflex necessary for breastfeeding

– Tractocile – Antagonist of Oxytocin

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H 3N

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2/12/2009 34 • 16th century Italian painting by Solario entitled “The Virgin with the Green Cushion.”

http://www.rkliedtke.de/oxytocin2_us.html

The Hug Drug • A 20 second hug is said to release the love drug Oxytocin that bonds humans at a chemical level. 2/12/2009

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msbehaviour.blogspot.com/2007/03/can-oxytocin...

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Low Oxytocin

Adopt A Child

• Diane Witt, assistant professor of psychology from New York has showed that if you block the natural release of oxytocin in sheep and rats, they reject their own young. 2/12/2009

http://www.youramazingbrain.org.uk/lovesex/sciencelove.htm

• Conversely, injecting oxytocin into female rats who’ve never had sex, caused them to fawn over another female’s young, nuzzling the pups and protecting them as if they were their own.

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http://www.youramazingbrain.org.uk/lovesex/sciencelove.htm 2/12/2009

Effects of Oxytocin

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Pattern

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http://www.nimh.nih.gov/science-news/2005/trust-building-hormone-short-circuits-fear-in-humans.shtml

Oxytocin • Could it be the cure for Social Phobia?

• intranasal administration of oxytocin causes a substantial increase in trust among humans, thereby greatly increasing the 2/12/2009 41 benefits from social interactions

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http://www.onlineweblibrary.com/blog/?p=599

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Pattern

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Stages of Love

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Stages of Love • Lust

• Lust • Attraction • Attachment

“Sometimes it’s smooth sailing and sometimes they sink. That’s why they’re 2/12/2009 called relationSHIPS!”

– Erotic Passion

• Attraction

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“Sometimes it’s smooth sailing and sometimes they sink. That’s why they’re 2/12/2009 called relationSHIPS!”

Lust

– Romantic / Obsessive Love

• Attachment – Commitment 46

Lust Chemicals Role in Sex Drive

• Sexual Desire • Lust evolved for the purpose of sexual mating

Estrogen • Female sex hormone

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Testosterone • Male sex hormone

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bonchitz.blogspot.com

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Major Endocrine Organs

Lust Chemicals Role in Sex Drive

Estrogen

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Testosterone

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Airport Role in Sex Drive

Estrogen

Testosterone

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Stages of Love

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Attraction Chemicals In-Love Feeling

• Lust

• elation, intense energy, sleeplessness, craving, loss of appetite and focused attention

– Erotic Passion

• Attraction – Romantic / Obsessive Love “Sometimes it’s smooth sailing and sometimes they sink. That’s why they’re 2/12/2009 called relationSHIPS!”

• Attachment – Commitment 53

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Watch People’s Brain • Use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

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Reward and Motivation • Allow the organism to feel pleasure • Pleasurable feeling reinforce the behavior so it will be repeated (motivation)

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Attraction Chemicals In-Love Feeling • elation, intense energy, sleeplessness, craving, loss of appetite and focused attention Dopamine

Norepinephrine

adrenaline • "pleasure • produces chemical," the racing producing a heart and feeling of 2/12/2009 bliss excitement

Serotonine • Low levels makes you obsessive and 58 irrational

Major Endocrine Organs Attraction Chemicals Dopamine

Norepinephrine

Serotonin

adrenaline

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Dopamine Pathway

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Dopamine Uptake

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• Epinephrine

Major Endocrine Organs Attraction Chemicals Dopamine

Norepinephrine

Serotonin

adrenaline

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Serotonin Pathway

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Serotonin Pathway

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Effects of Love Chemicals

When In-Love

• Studies by researchers at University College London • Neural circuits associated with the way we assess others are suppressed • Lower level of serotonin (same as those found in people with obsessive compulsive disorders) possibly explaining why those in love "obsess" about their partner 2/12/2009

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• couples in this stage of love focus intently on the relationship and often on little else. 2/12/2009

Stages of Love

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Power of Love

• Lust – Erotic Passion

• Attraction “Sometimes it’s smooth sailing and sometimes they sink. That’s why they’re 2/12/2009 called relationSHIPS!”

– Romantic Love

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Antidepressant • Love’s pleasure lasts but a moment; love’s sorrow lasts all through life • Celestine, French writer of Fables

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Stages of Love

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Attachment Chemicals

• Lust

In-Love Feeling • Calm and security

– Erotic Passion

• Attraction

Oxytocin

– Romantic Love “Sometimes it’s smooth sailing and sometimes they sink. That’s why they’re 2/12/2009 called relationSHIPS!”

+

H 3N

• Attachment

Tyr

S

– Commitment

H 3N

Gln Cys Pro

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+

Ile

S

Passionate Love Fades as Attachment Grows High oxytocin

Cys

Vasopressin

Asn Leu

O Gly

C

S

NH2

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Phe Gln

Cys Pro

Asn Arg

O Gly

C

NH 2

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Attachment Chemicals In-Love Feeling • Calm and security Oxytocin

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Tyr

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High vasopressin

interfere with the dopamine and norepinephrine pathways

Cys S

• makes couples feel much closer to one another after they 2/12/2009 have had sex

Vasopressin

•

in the long-term commitment stage 78

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The Voles • tiny mouse-like rodent that lives in the Midwest US • Prairie Vole

• Montane Vole

– Monogamous

– Promiscuous

• Differ in mating habits 2/12/2009

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Prairie Voles • Prairie voles are extremely monogamous. • Sex is a 24-hour effort • A pair will share the same nest • When their babies are born, they become affectionate and attentive parents. • Show distress if separated • Even if one of the pair dies, the 2/12/2009 other rarely finds another mate.80

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2/12/2009 81 http://www.brookscole.com/chemistry_d/templates/student_resources/0030244269_cam pbell/HotTopics/Love.html

Montane Voles

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Attachment Chemicals In-Love Feeling

• Montane vole, has no interest in partnership beyond one-night-stand sex • Injection of oxytocin or vasopressine has no effect • Not have receptors?

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• Calm and security Oxytocin

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• makes couples feel much closer to one another after they 2/12/2009 have had sex

Vasopressin

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in the long-term commitment stage

Endorphine • Produces a general sense of well-being 84

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Endorphin Receptor

Attachment Chemicals In-Love Feeling • Calm and security Oxytocin +

H 3N

Cys

Tyr

S

+

Ile

S

H 3N

Gln Cys Pro

Leu

Cys

Tyr

Phe

S

Asn

O Gly

Endorphine

Vasopressin

C

S

NH2

Gln Cys Pro

Asn Arg

O Gly

C

NH 2

YGGFMTSFKSQTPLVTHFKNAIIKNAYKKGE

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Love Guillotine

Endorphine Receptors • In 1975, endorphin receptors were discovered by two independent teams of researchers, John Hughes and Hans Kosterlitz in Scottland and Rabi Samantov and Solomon Snyder in the U.S. 2/12/2009

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• In 1976, American neuroscientist Candace Pert, encouraged mice to have sex 87

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http://www.eoht.info/page/Endorphin+theory+of+love?t=anon

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http://www.eoht.info/page/Endorphin+theory+of+love?t=anon

Acupuncture • Releases endorphins

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/27/health/nutrition/27best.html?_r=1

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Yoga and Endorphins • Mishra reported that Sahaja Yoga meditation resulted in a "significant increase" in beta-endorphins between control and meditating subjects 2/12/2009

• Helen Fisher, anthropologist • “The human body releases the cocktail of love rapture only when certain conditions are met and ... men more readily produce it than women, because of their more visual nature."

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Outline:Today’sTalk • What is Love? • Why We Love? • Our First Look at Love • Stages of Love

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Courtship Ritual • Means by which selection takes place • Related to the amount of trouble invested by females and the number of offspring they can produce

– Chemistry in Each Stage

• What makes us Fall In Love? • Summary 2/12/2009

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Chemistry of Sex by Fabian Dayrit

Insects

Theory of Evolution • Holds that species evolve through the survival of genes which bring about more fit individuals • Way for those who are choosing to sense and determine which partners are best to attract attention and to advertise desirability

• Only Marginally inconvenienced by fertilization • Tend not to be too choosy • Reproduce without too much hassle

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Chemistry of Sex by Fabian Dayrit

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Chemistry of Sex by Fabian Dayrit

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What Makes Us Fall In Love? • Staring • Timing • Proximity • Name • Personality • Appearance • Food • Aphrodisiacs 2/12/2009 • Pheromes

Timing / Proximity

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flickr.com/photos/15257460@N00/2075833778/

The 34-Minute Expt.

• York psychologist, Professor Arthur Arun, has been studying why people fall in love. • He asked his subjects to carry out the above 3 steps and found that many of his couples felt deeply attracted after the 34 minute experiment. Two of his subjects later got married.

• Find a complete stranger. • Reveal to each other intimate details about your lives for half an hour. • Then, stare deeply into each other’s eyes without talking for four minutes 2/12/2009

Staring

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One Look • A true geisha can stop a man in his tracks with one look

http://www.fanpop.com/spots/memoirs-of-a-geisha/videos/846368 2/12/2009

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Five Love Languages

Personality • preferences for those who remind us of our parents (or others close to us through childhood) because of their personality, sense of humor, likes and dislikes, etc

• Words of Affirmation • Receiving Gifts • Acts of Service • Physical Touch • Quality Time

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Five Love Languages

Five Love Languages

• Words of Affirmation • Receiving Gifts • Acts of Service • Physical Touch • Quality Time 2/12/2009

• Words of Affirmation • Receiving Gifts • Acts of Service • Physical Touch • Quality Time 105

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Five Love Languages

Five Love Languages

• Words of Affirmation • Receiving Gifts • Acts of Service • Physical Touch • Quality Time 2/12/2009

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• Words of Affirmation • Receiving Gifts • Acts of Service • Physical Touch • Quality Time 107

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Five Love Languages

Five Love Languages

• Words of Affirmation • Receiving Gifts • Acts of Service • Physical Touch • Quality Time

• Words of Affirmation • Receiving Gifts • Acts of Service • Physical Touch • Quality Time

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Needs Her Needs Tend to Be • Affection • Conversation • Honesty and Openess • Financial Support • Family 2/12/2009 Commitment

His Needs Tend to Be • Sexual Fulfillment • Recreational Companionship • Admiration • Domestic Support • An Attractive Spouse 111

Four Personality Types • Artisan • Guardian • Idealist • Rational.

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Four Personality Types • The • The • The • The

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Director Negotiator Explorer Builder

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What Makes Us Fall In Love?

What Makes Us Fall In Love?

• The Director • Pumped up with testosterone • Aggressive, singleminded, analytical 2/12/2009

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What Makes Us Fall In Love?

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What Makes Us Fall In Love?

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What Makes Us Fall In Love? • The Negotiator • More estrogeninfluenced • skilled at emotional expression and dealing with people, idealistic, 2/12/2009

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What Makes Us Fall In Love? • The Explorer • High dopamine activity • Adventurous, noveltyseeking, creative 119

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What Makes Us Fall In Love? •The Builder •High serotonin activity •Cautious, conventiona l, 2/12/2009

Four Personality Types • The Director – Intelligence

• The Negotiator – Passion

• The Explorer – Adventure

• The Builder – Family 121

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Who will pick whom?

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Four Personality Types • The Director

• “Like attracts like” “Like dissolves like”

• The Negotiator – Passion

And

• The Explorer – Adventure

• “Opposites attract,”

• The Builder

“Opposite charges attract”

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Four Personality Types • The Director

• All – Intelligence combinations • The Negotiator can work as long as the – Passion partners • The Explorer continue to – Adventure respect each • The Builder other – Family

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• The Director

– Intelligence

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– Intelligence

• The Negotiator – Passion

• The Explorer – Adventure

– Family

• The Builder

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What Makes Us Fall In Love? • Staring • Timing • Proximity • Name • Personality • Appearance • Food • Aphrodisiacs 2/12/2009 • Pheromes

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Appearance

Appearance

• Without it, plants would have no reason to produce beautiful flowers with sweet smell

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• Birds would not bother to sing or be so colorful; No fireflies to light our night 127

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Chemistry of Sex by Fabian Dayrit

Appearance

Appearance

• Humans would have less need to make themselves attractive

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Chemistry of Sex by Fabian Dayrit

“It’s MURDER putting on make-up with no reflection!” 129

• David Perrett, at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland, did an experiment • Able to morph a digitized photo of the subject's own face 2/12/2009

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Chemistry of Sex by Fabian Dayrit

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Facial Attractiveness • Able to morph a digitized photo of the subject's own face into a face of the opposite sex. • Then, he had the subject select from a series of photos which one he or she found most attractive

Facial Attractiveness • According to Dr. Perrett, his subjects always preferred the morphed version of their own face (and they didn't recognize it as their own).

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• http://perceptionlab.com/

Physical Attractiveness

Physical Attractiveness

• Men see ample breasts and broad hips as indicators of a woman's ability to bear and nurse children 2/12/2009

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What Makes Us Fall In Love? • Staring • Timing • Proximity • Name • Personality • Appearance • Food • Smell 2/12/2009 • Pheromes

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• Women see a broad chest and shoulders as a sign of someone who can clobber a steady supply of meat and keep lions away from the cave 136

Food • A number of plants have been found to produce human sex hormones • Pollen of scotch pine – testosterone and androsenedione • Date palm, pomegranate, apple – estrone 137

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• Phenylethylamine

On Chocolates Attraction Chemicals Dopamine

Norepinephrine

Serotonin

adrenaline

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Cultural Difference in Perceiving Smell

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• Napoleon the Great – when prepare to return to Paris from his long war campaigns would write to Josephine to tell her not to bathe 141

Perfumes

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Hormone vs Pheromone

• Formulators constantly experiment to find an attractant and aphrodisiac 2/12/2009

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Cultural Difference in Perceiving Smell

• Filipino – bathe to enhance presentability • Prior to the wedding, the bride performs a traditional Tausug bath www.lazamboangatimes.com/taosug_wedding.html

• Michael Liebowitz, author of the popular 1983 book The Chemistry of Love, remarked to reporters that chocolate is loaded with PEA." • The New York Times, magazine free-lancers, and evolved into the “chocolate theory of love."

• Hormone : work within the organism and exert some form of physiological regulation • Pheromones (Greek pherein, “to carry” + horman = “to excite from afar”) 143

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Chemistry of Sex by Fabian Dayrit

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Chemistry of Sex by Fabian Dayrit

Chemistry of Sex by Fabian Dayrit

Types of Pheromones

Types of Pheromones

Different functions:

Different functions:

• Trail pheromones (ants always follow each other) • Alarm Pheromones • Territory-marking Pheromones • Sex Pheromones

• Trail pheromones (ants always follow each other) • Alarm Pheromones • Territory-marking Pheromones • Sex Pheromones

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Chemistry of Sex by Fabian Dayrit

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Chemistry of Sex by Fabian Dayrit

Types of Pheromones

Types of Pheromones

Different functions:

Different functions:

• Trail pheromones (ants always follow each other) • Alarm Pheromones • Territory-marking Pheromones • Sex Pheromones

• Trail pheromones (ants always follow each other) • Alarm Pheromones • Territory-marking Pheromones • Sex Pheromones

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Sex Pheromones

Sex Pheromones

Serve to : • identify species • attract the members of the opposite sex • Excite the potential mate and prepare them for mating • (True for insects)

• Although there are 750,000 species of insects, the sex pheromones are unique to each species • Mistaken attraction does not occur

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Chemistry of Sex by Fabian Dayrit

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Chemistry of Sex by Fabian Dayrit

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Pheromones

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Proof of the Effects of Pheromone

Pattern • ove really is a chemical addiction that occurs to keep us reproducing

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• Menstrual cycles of women who live communally tend to synchronize • Chemist Charles Wysocki of the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia : Leader compound 2/12/2009

Smell of Blood

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Men Affected By Pheromones • Study published journal Evolution and Human Behavior • Stripper Tips per Hour • Ovulating : $70 • Menstruating : $35 • Not ovulating or menstruating : $50

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TIME

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Men Affected By Pheromones

Apocrine Sweat Glands

• Work conducted by Martie Haselton, an associate professor of psychology at UCLA • Women report that when they're ovulating, their partners are more loving and attentive and, significantly, more jealous of other men

• Sweat glands that release their secretions into hair follicles in the axillae (armpits), around the nipples (areolae), and in the groin

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Pheromones

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DNA and Smell

• Androstenone and Androstadienone

• Finding True Love By Sniffing Them

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• RT / RT • RT / WM • WM / WM

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Kissing and Pheromones • Saliva also contains the compound • Haselton says "Kissing simply might be a taste test” 161

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What is Love?

What is Love? • A chemical addiction that occurs to keep us reproducing

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http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,293127,00.html

Stages of Love • Lust – Erotic Passion

• Attraction – Romantic Love “Sometimes it’s smooth sailing and sometimes they sink. That’s why they’re 2/12/2009 called relationSHIPS!”

• Attachment – Commitment

And . . . the greatest of All is

Chemistry of Love STS Lecture Portia Sabido 2/09 2/12/2009

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