Tenses Plain
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Present Simple • Korduv, regulaarne tegevus: I WORK every day / each Monday / only on Wednesdays. • Üldine, tavapärane tegevus; loodusseadused / füüsika etc. reeglid: I usually DO NOT WORK in summer. She DOES NOT WORK at night. Magnet ATTRACTS iron. • !!! Spordikommentarid: … and now he PASSES the ball … and off he GOES towards the goal… Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Present Progressive • Hetkel toimuv, pooleliolev tegevus: S/he IS TALKing on the phone now. I AM READing an interesting book. • Ajutine, regulaarsele ja tavapärasele vastanduv tegevus (tulevikku viitav): This summer they ARE not GROWing cucumbers as usual. They’RE GROWing tomatoes instead. • !!! Halvakspanu väljendus harjumuspärase tegevuse kohta: He IS always COMPLAINing! Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Present Perfect ON -NUD • Toimunud tegevus, seos olevikuga: I have WORKed here for 3 years. • Toimunud olevikuga seotud/lõpetamata tegevus (saab muuta): S/he has CALLed them twice already. • !!! Kordne tegevus: It’s the umpteenth time you’ve TOLD me this! Have I ever FORGOTTEN anything? • !!! Tutvuse pikkuse väljendus: I don’t know how long I have Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Present Perfect Progressive
• Tegevuse protsessi/kestvuse rõhutamine, lõpetamata: I have been WORKing on this project since morning! (I’m sick & tired of it!) • Äsja lõppenud tegevuse nähtavate tagajärgede kirjeldus: It has been RAINing. (Ground still wet.) S/he has been Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Non-progressive verbs
Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Examples • What do you think about this idea? – Turn the music down, please, I’m thinking. • Everyone has something to believe in. – We were having a great time at the party yesterday. • They are really tired again. – She’s being really nasty to us. • Do you see that red car over there? – I’m seeing a dentist tomorrow morning. / I’m afraid he’s seeing things. • We hear something new each day. – I thought I was hearing things when music suddenly began to play. Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 • I consider him to be a very lucky man. – I’m
Past Simple • Ära toimunud (regulaarne) tegevus: I WORKED yesterday. S/he didn’t WORK last Monday. • Lõpetatud tegevus: I already CALLED them today. (I’m not going to call again!)
Which countries did you VISIT? (You’re back …) BUT: Which countries have you VISITED so far? (You’re not back yet or you travel regularly …)
• Jutustused, mineviku sündmuste kirjeldus: Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Past Progressive • Minevikus pooleliolnud/pooleliolev tegevus: S/he WAS TALKing on the phone when you CAME. He WAS already SLEEPing when Odie CAME. • Ajutine, regulaarsele ja tavapärasele vastanduv tegevus (tulevikku viitav): This summer they WERE not GROWing cucumbers as usual. They WERE GROWing tomatoes instead. Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Past Perfect
OLI -NUD
• Toimunud tegevus, enne teist mineviku tegevust: I had WORKed there for 3 years until they finally PROMOTED me. The classes had already STARTED by the time Arno ARRIVED at the schoolhouse with his father. Garfield had EATEN all pizzas by the time we REACHED home. • had + -ed/3 pv • ‘d = had / would
Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Past Perfect Progressive • Mineviku lõpetamata tegevuse protsessi või kestvuse rõhutamine: They had been WATCHing TV since morning (and he was going slightly mad). • Äsja lõppenud tegevuse (tagajärjed nähtavad) kirjeldus minevikus: It had not been RAINing for weeks, everything was crisp and dry and brown. He had been PAINTing. Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Future Tenses • Lihttulevik (Future Simple / Future Indefinite) – markeerimata tuleviku tegevus • Kestev tulevik (Future Progressive / Future Continuous) – pooleli- või käimasolev tegevus tulevikus • Perfekti tulevik!!! (Future Perfect) – tulevikus tehtud saav tegevus ON –NUD (= saab olema lõppenud) • Kestev perfekti tulevik (Future Perfect Progressive) – tulevikus pooleli- või käimasoleva tegevuse Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Future Simple Tuleviku moodustamise võimalused: • WILL / SHALL + 1pv: Next year I WILL GO somewhere special. SHALL we HAVE chicken or fish for dinner? • BE (am/is/are) GOING TO + 1pv: We’RE GOING TO SPEND this weekend at home. I don’t know if they ARE GOING TO THROW a party or not. !!! NB!!! BE GOING TO saab kasutada ka mineviku kohta: I WAS GOING TO CALL Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Future Simple - WILL • Ennustamine, oletus: He’ll probably FAIL the exam (he doesn’t study). I don’t expect/think it will RAIN tomorrow. • Lubadused: I’ll MEET you at midnight. I’ll PAY you tomorrow. • Hetke otsused/keeldumised: What would you like? – I’ll HAVE some soup. Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
•
Future Simple – BE GOING TO põhjal: Oletus hetke situatsiooni
Watch out! This cake is going to FALL soon. Look at these clouds. It’s going to RAIN tonight. • Ettekavatsetud, planeeritud tegevus: I am going to DO some shopping, would you like something. – No, thanks, I’m fine. I’m going to PREPARE some lasagna instead. What job is he going to APPLY for? Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Future Simple – Oleviku ajad
• Kindel planeeritud tegevus (plaan, leping vmt): He’s getting a dog for his birthday. (he knows) I’m going to the dentist tomorrow. (appointment) • Kindel, täpne, konkreetne planeeritud tegevus: Our plane leaves 6:25. The party starts at 5 p.m. COMPARE! I’m having a party. – I’m going to have Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Future Progressive • Tulevikus pooleliolev tegevus: She WILL BE WORKing in the garden at that time of the day so, don’t call. Most probably I’LL BE SURFing if the weather is fine. Garfield WILL not BE SLEEPing only as usual. He WILL probably BE DRIVing a lot this summer. Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Future Perfect • Tegevus, mis tulevikus saab olema toimunud: In a few seconds he will have EATEN this sandwich! • Lõpetamata tegevus tulevikus, toimunud mingit aega: Soon he will have WAITed there for 5 hours. • will have + -ed/3 pv
Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Present Progressive • Hetkel toimuv, pooleliolev tegevus: S/he IS TALKing on the phone now. I AM READing an interesting book. • Ajutine, regulaarsele ja tavapärasele vastanduv tegevus (tulevikku viitav): This summer they ARE not GROWing cucumbers as usual. They’RE GROWing tomatoes instead. • !!! Halvakspanu väljendus harjumuspärase tegevuse kohta: He IS always COMPLAINing! Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Present Perfect ON -NUD • Toimunud tegevus, seos olevikuga: I have WORKed here for 3 years. • Toimunud olevikuga seotud/lõpetamata tegevus (saab muuta): S/he has CALLed them twice already. • !!! Kordne tegevus: It’s the umpteenth time you’ve TOLD me this! Have I ever FORGOTTEN anything? • !!! Tutvuse pikkuse väljendus: I don’t know how long I have Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Present Perfect Progressive
• Tegevuse protsessi/kestvuse rõhutamine, lõpetamata: I have been WORKing on this project since morning! (I’m sick & tired of it!) • Äsja lõppenud tegevuse nähtavate tagajärgede kirjeldus: It has been RAINing. (Ground still wet.) S/he has been Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Non-progressive verbs
Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Examples • What do you think about this idea? – Turn the music down, please, I’m thinking. • Everyone has something to believe in. – We were having a great time at the party yesterday. • They are really tired again. – She’s being really nasty to us. • Do you see that red car over there? – I’m seeing a dentist tomorrow morning. / I’m afraid he’s seeing things. • We hear something new each day. – I thought I was hearing things when music suddenly began to play. Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 • I consider him to be a very lucky man. – I’m
Past Simple • Ära toimunud (regulaarne) tegevus: I WORKED yesterday. S/he didn’t WORK last Monday. • Lõpetatud tegevus: I already CALLED them today. (I’m not going to call again!)
Which countries did you VISIT? (You’re back …) BUT: Which countries have you VISITED so far? (You’re not back yet or you travel regularly …)
• Jutustused, mineviku sündmuste kirjeldus: Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Past Progressive • Minevikus pooleliolnud/pooleliolev tegevus: S/he WAS TALKing on the phone when you CAME. He WAS already SLEEPing when Odie CAME. • Ajutine, regulaarsele ja tavapärasele vastanduv tegevus (tulevikku viitav): This summer they WERE not GROWing cucumbers as usual. They WERE GROWing tomatoes instead. Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Past Perfect
OLI -NUD
• Toimunud tegevus, enne teist mineviku tegevust: I had WORKed there for 3 years until they finally PROMOTED me. The classes had already STARTED by the time Arno ARRIVED at the schoolhouse with his father. Garfield had EATEN all pizzas by the time we REACHED home. • had + -ed/3 pv • ‘d = had / would
Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Past Perfect Progressive • Mineviku lõpetamata tegevuse protsessi või kestvuse rõhutamine: They had been WATCHing TV since morning (and he was going slightly mad). • Äsja lõppenud tegevuse (tagajärjed nähtavad) kirjeldus minevikus: It had not been RAINing for weeks, everything was crisp and dry and brown. He had been PAINTing. Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Future Tenses • Lihttulevik (Future Simple / Future Indefinite) – markeerimata tuleviku tegevus • Kestev tulevik (Future Progressive / Future Continuous) – pooleli- või käimasolev tegevus tulevikus • Perfekti tulevik!!! (Future Perfect) – tulevikus tehtud saav tegevus ON –NUD (= saab olema lõppenud) • Kestev perfekti tulevik (Future Perfect Progressive) – tulevikus pooleli- või käimasoleva tegevuse Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Future Simple Tuleviku moodustamise võimalused: • WILL / SHALL + 1pv: Next year I WILL GO somewhere special. SHALL we HAVE chicken or fish for dinner? • BE (am/is/are) GOING TO + 1pv: We’RE GOING TO SPEND this weekend at home. I don’t know if they ARE GOING TO THROW a party or not. !!! NB!!! BE GOING TO saab kasutada ka mineviku kohta: I WAS GOING TO CALL Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Future Simple - WILL • Ennustamine, oletus: He’ll probably FAIL the exam (he doesn’t study). I don’t expect/think it will RAIN tomorrow. • Lubadused: I’ll MEET you at midnight. I’ll PAY you tomorrow. • Hetke otsused/keeldumised: What would you like? – I’ll HAVE some soup. Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
•
Future Simple – BE GOING TO põhjal: Oletus hetke situatsiooni
Watch out! This cake is going to FALL soon. Look at these clouds. It’s going to RAIN tonight. • Ettekavatsetud, planeeritud tegevus: I am going to DO some shopping, would you like something. – No, thanks, I’m fine. I’m going to PREPARE some lasagna instead. What job is he going to APPLY for? Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Future Simple – Oleviku ajad
• Kindel planeeritud tegevus (plaan, leping vmt): He’s getting a dog for his birthday. (he knows) I’m going to the dentist tomorrow. (appointment) • Kindel, täpne, konkreetne planeeritud tegevus: Our plane leaves 6:25. The party starts at 5 p.m. COMPARE! I’m having a party. – I’m going to have Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Future Progressive • Tulevikus pooleliolev tegevus: She WILL BE WORKing in the garden at that time of the day so, don’t call. Most probably I’LL BE SURFing if the weather is fine. Garfield WILL not BE SLEEPing only as usual. He WILL probably BE DRIVing a lot this summer. Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Future Perfect • Tegevus, mis tulevikus saab olema toimunud: In a few seconds he will have EATEN this sandwich! • Lõpetamata tegevus tulevikus, toimunud mingit aega: Soon he will have WAITed there for 5 hours. • will have + -ed/3 pv
Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
