Tema3

The paternalistic relationship between Japan's companies and their salaried employees, also known as „salaryman” is crumbling. The term „salaryman” was created in the 1920s to reflect the new managerial class that oversaw the country's industrialization and modernization; it became an ideal only after the Second World War. Becoming a salaryman denoted success, enshrining( containing valuable) solid middleclass status, retirement facilities, etc. More importantly, it meant stability. Wages were low at first but increased predictably until the pension arrived to see the salaryman through his silver years. Training was provided. Perks abounded. The firm looked after the employee and his family. In return, the salaryman devoted his life to the firm. A university graduate did not choose a career; he chose a company. That is how the “salaryman” became the white-collar hero who fashioned the world's second-largest economy from the ashes of war. The changes in the labour market and the world competion made the term „salaryman” to become a figure of the past. More women enter the workforce thus affecting gender equality, foreigners are hired for jobs that the Japanese people reject and many pensioners rejoin the workforce. The younger generations chose jobs in witch they would work reasonable hours and treat the hours after work as their own, not the company's. Exercitii 1. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j)

should couldn't can't can could shouldn't may should would shall

2 1 covering letter 2 career path 3 promotion prospects 4 claims form 5 travel expenses 6 working conditions 7 job description 8 trial period 9 sick pay 10 pension scheme

3 B pride 1 B success 2 B sealing 5 B relation 4 B completed 3 B features 6 C reward 1 C achievement 2 C verifying 5 C association 4 C gained 3 C values 6 D gratification 2 D victory 1 D clinching 5 D interaction 4 D won 3 D qualities 6

4 1 productivity 2 investments 3 qualifications 4 experience 5 action 6 representatives 7 economize 8 consultations 9 streamed 10 cleared 5 a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j)

executive foreman producer trainee client industrialist competitor labourer dealer agent

6 a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j)

5 9 7 6 8 10 1 4 6 3