Techno- Economical Project's Characteristics

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End users information INFORMATION ABOUT PROJECT – SHALLOW GROUND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY UTILIZING Programme plans implementing shallow ground geothermal energy utilizing technology for heating, cooling and obtaining hot sanitary water for residential, business, industrial sports, warehouses and similar objects purposes. In relation to other forms of natural and renewable energies exploitations ( such are wind energy – windmills, water flows energy – small hydro power plants, or solar energy – solar panels ), shallow ground geothermal energy has universal purpose and it is independent of seasons, meteorology conditions, and other fallowing nature influences. System consists of : -

producing one-well underground collectors ( collecting energy), producing substations for energy promoting and completing secondary energy distributing installation subsystem ( heating, cooling and obtaining hot sanitary water ) up to planed spaces.

Basic economical effects : 1. space heating energy saving is approximate 4 times related to conventional heating models, 2. space cooling energy saving is min. 5 times related to conventional cooling models, 3. investition inconsiderably increase built up expenses per m2 (do 10%), but in exploitation energy expenses decrease up to 80%, i 4. end users investment payability over existing objects, depending on previously used energetic rows range from 2 do 6 years. We consider this information could be significant and usefull for You, because is about technical-technological innovation in Serbia and wider. We deliver You some basic data related to structure and project implementation. SWS is adaptable to existing object’s heating systems, which multiple decrease installing expenses. System solutions are even adaptable to special requests, such are, for example, continuous heating, cooling and obeying hot water (hospitals), and other objects where eventual system malfunction is intolerable. Represented system has appliance, as well, for heating water in pools, for swimming, diving, jumping and similar purposes. For this kind of usage facility power in relation to air heating facility power is 12:1. More precise, for heating olympic pool water, (dimensions 50m x 25m x 2m), with water volume cca 2.500 m3 system uses the same facility as for heating 10.000 m2 residential space cca 30.000 m3.

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Single well system characteristics 1. Water resources preservation System imply water exhausting technique from individual, vertical wells, and, after one rounded, closed, injecting the same water into the same well, with no waste. Therefore, entire system uses water, but does not consume or lose it, and water circulates in closed loops, does not leave a subsystem and it doesn’t come to direct contact with another subsystem water.. Energy collecting subsystem uses water circulation, as medium for shallow ground energy collecting, where temperature is constant ( mostly from 80 to 120m), and conveys geothermal energy to next subsystem. This technique consists of tree subsystems, completely physically separated from each other, in order to preserve water resources. Underground water are carried to stainless steel heat exchanger, in which it releases a part of its heat to other medium from other subsystem, and afterwards water returns to the well. This technique represents low-energy collection ( about 50 C), does not consume, or pollute, or affect to underground water distribution. This technique eliminates conditionality of underground water existence, enables avoiding problems related to well connected ( multi well ) systems. Crucial difference between single well ( individual wells) and multi system ( multiple connected wells) is – SWS ( single well system ) uses water as a medium only, and energy gets from the ground, not from underground water, because ground resources are richer and more reliable. This technique has provided new platform for creative heat pumps technology utilizing for heating and cooling by geothermal energy. Exploitation has shown that ‘’individual wells system’’ solved problems other systems have, such are sand propulsion, unequal well water levels, uneven surface and other following appearances, as well as water quantity loss, so system has evaluated as much better in compare to multi well system. Long term monitoring results have shown water quality indicators do not change their characteristics during SWS water exhaustion and injection, except inconsiderable temperature changes. Water inside well and all other subsystems is closed and remain intact to oxygen from the atmosphere, therefore no oxidation processes. It could be concluded ‘’ individual well system’’ has no any influence to underground water quality.

To some experts analyzes, water resources at depth of do 800m reach to amazing 417x104 km3, which is 17,5 times more than total Earth surface water resources ( salted and unsalted water and accumulates). It is estimate that water resources at depths more than 800m have same quantities.

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2. Less initial investments for end users

Shallow ground Geothermal energy heating / cooling system requires less investments from following 3 reasons: •

One unit, multi functions. Traditionally, for obtaining room heating, cooling and hot domestic water, it is necessary to install tree separated systems. In SWS all functions are assembled – single installation gives all these 3 functions.

•

Less space required. Typical SWS installation requires much less space in object for machine room setting up ( mostly in basement ) and 1 m2 of space outside object ( for single well setting up). For instance, installing heating/cooling/hot water system in object of 10.000 m2 requires 30m2 inside, for machine room, and 1m2 outside, for well.

•

Cheep equipment. It will be used imported equipment and components, mass made in special factories in China, and whole project realization with Chinese partners is based on “turn key” system.

3. Low operational costs System uses 1KW of electricity to collect, promote and finally distribute 4kW of energy for heating, cooling and water warming, so it is energy saving and considerable operational costs decreasing system.. For goals of sustainable development promoting and pure and renewable energies using, Republic of Serbia Government has appointed ‘’Energetic efficiency increasing programme” via ministry of energetic and mining and ministry of science and environmental saving. In next phase it will begin appliance of different tariff systems for consumed electricity depending of consumers type ( in Germany, for example, electric conductors for heat pumps are equipped with separated electricity meter, and utilizes charging tariff 5 times lower than standard ones. This fact, too, could lead to important decrease of operational costs. During summer season shallow ground temperature is much lower than room one. Room air temperature decreases just by underground water low temperatures ( crossing via heat exchanger), while heat pump is off. AC unit initialize as is necessary. This is very effective way for cooling expenses decreasing and overcoming planet global heating increase, in relation to cooling conventional models.

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4. No polluting or environment heating effects SWS works using pure energy, and there’s no combustion processes. This eliminates damaging substances emission in solid, liquid or vaporized stage and integrally solve eco system pollution problem related to those systems which use traditional fossil fuels such are charcoal, ground gas, or petroleum. It directly contributes to protection and improvement of air quality, atmosphere heating decrease as well as preservation of mankind energy resources. Beside fossil fuels consumption reducing for heating and hot water preparing, by SWS utilizing, system also considerably reduces petrol consumption, unnecessarily for trucks motion, to transport those fossil fuels. Conventional heating 100.000 m2 requires between 800 and 2000 trucks for fossil fuels transport, and between 200 and 300 trucks for evacuation of ash, as collateral combustion product. So, SWS reduces not only trucks exhausted gases, but also reduces noise level.

5. Secure and reliable energy producing system There are no combustion processes, high temperatures, high liquids or gasses pressures within system. All system components have self lubrication. All heat exchangers, made of stainless steel, are in closed systems. SWS heating and cooling system appear to be the most secure and most reliable to other conventional systems.

Air cross contamination elimination Water with proper temperature circulates through closed pipe lines system within fan coil, and passes through ventilating coils inside of fan. Ventilating coil within each cooling unit is unique equipment for both heating and cooling, and it is separated from same ones in other rooms. Room cooling units do not share the same air tunnel due to conveying and draining holes for outside air gathering are in a same room. Room air goes to ventilating coil via entering hole; air worms up in heat exchanger where it indirectly contacts to hot water which circulates in coil, and wormed up air comes to the room through entrancing hole. This continues while room temperature reaches desired level. Air in a room do not mix with other rooms air, and room ventilation is natural, through windows. This way achieve air cross contamination elimination. .

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Comparing of using fossil fuels and SWS Means and projects

Traditional fossil fuels

1

energy

Coal, petrol, ground gas

2

Heating equipment

Boiler + radiator (steel or iron cast ) It is required 10000C temperature, to warm up water to 70-800C

3 4 5

Heating process Energy efficiency Environmen t pollution

6

Cooling equipment

7

Added objects Water waste due cooling

low (60-90%) serious ( dust , CO2, SO2, NOx, CO )

Shallow ground geothermal energy mala energija iz plitke zemlje+mala količina električne energije Heat pump + fan coil Shallow ground temperature of 100C could be promoted by heat pump up to 50 or 600C high ( COP=2~4), efficiency saving is 50-75% No pollution

Separated fan coil or cooling unit + cooling tower at roof Big machine room, chimney, storages, underground mazut tank, isolated gas tank...

jedinstvena je, kao i za grejanje (koristi se ista instalacija) Small room for heat pump allocating

At cooling towers 120t / 10 000m2

No waste

Kragujevac, Serbia, dec. 2007. BEST REGARDS, Gordana Jakovljević, graduated mechanical engineer, & Aleksandar Dinić, graduated mechanical engineer.

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