Tcil 26 Power Sector Reforms & It_1807200
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- Words: 1,653
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& Information Technology
Agenda
Need for Reforms
Reforms in Power Sector
Regulations
Impact
Role of IT
System Overview
Need for Reforms
Objective of integrated National Grid
5 regional grids working at varying grid frequency
Integration needs Frequency Normalization means proactive load management
Regional surplus & shortages
Alternative – Insulation thro’ HVDC links – Expensive
Surplus in east and shortage in south
Continued functioning at non-standard grid frequency
Damage to Generator & End User equipment
Hidden cost passed to customer in long term
Need for Reforms (contd…)
Central Vs State Generators
Capital cost Vs Variable cost
Beneficiaries not liable to pay fixed cost for their allocated share if not drawing
Increased cost of energy for beneficiaries drawing energy
Generation even without demand
High grid frequency
Reforms in Power Sector
Objective
Reforms in tariff structure of bulk power
Better system operations
Better grid discipline
through commercial incentives & disincentives
Ideal Grid Frequency = 50 Hz
Reforms
Electricity Act 2003
Replaced Electricity (Supply) Act 1948
Regulations
Availability Based Tariff (ABT)
Merit Order Dispatch (MOD)
Plant Performance
Energy Management
SEB Trifurcation
Regulations
Availability Based Tariff (ABT)
Deals with tariff structure for bulk power
Performance based tariff for supply based tariff
System of rewards and penalties seeking to enforce day ahead pre-committed schedules (One & One-half hours in advance)
Promote
responsibility
&
accountability
in
generation
Paradigm shift from max power to max reliability
power
ABT Components
Capacity charges (Fixed)
Payable against declared capacity of station for allocated capacity rather than actual consumption
Full fixed charges payable at PLF of 68.49%
Incentive @ 0.4 % of equity for each percentage increase between 70-85%. Beyond 85% it is 0.3%
Energy charges (Variable)
As per actual consumption
Unscheduled Interchange (UI) charges: Penalty that depends on severity of deviation. Payable/recoverable if:
Generator generates more, thereby increasing frequency;
Generator generates less than the schedule, thereby decreasing frequency;
Beneficiary overdraws power, thereby decreasing frequency;
Merit Order Dispatch
Objective from maximum production to optimal production
Multiple unit power plant to identify optimum loading for each unit to save on operational costs
Identify units to bring online / offline to meet plant demand at minimum operating cost
Dispatching least cost power in preference to more costly power
Trifurcation
State Electricity Boards (SEBs) trifurcated as shown –
Holding Company
Generation Company
Transmission Company
Distribution Company
Impact of ABT – GENCO
Advanced control & monitoring systems to closely monitor ex-bus output of plant
Integrated information & communication system
To capture data from all components
Unscheduled downtime is not very acceptable in the ABT regime
MOD to ensure economic operation
Cost of generation, ramping, start up & shut down of each unit varies
Performance calculation for each unit of plant
Generation should closely follow 15-minute schedule
Corresponding optimization to be done
Pro-active management plan
Unscheduled deviation from power generation schedule incur considerable penalties
Unexpected downtime of power plant should not occur
Impact of ABT – TRANSCO
Improved and efficient transmission systems
More generation capacity being added
Bottleneck in transmission to be avoided
Better forecasting systems
Vested with role of coordination between consumers & generators
Better communication and information systems
Communicate 15 min generation & consumption schedule to each party
Convey any unforeseen change in such a schedule
Improved metering & billing system
Ensure adequate metering capabilities for proper implementation of tariff structure
Specialized energy meters that keep track of 15-min energy aggregates & frequency for each interval to take care of energy charges and UI charges
Impact of ABT – DISCOM
Enhanced load forecasting system
Consumer expected to stick to schedule of 96 intervals of 15-minute for each day
Failure to comply will attract penalty - UI charges
Basis of entering into commercial agreements with generating utilities
Reliable communication and information infrastructure
Load forecasting solution highly reliant on historical data for accuracy
To ensure smooth coordination with RLDC
Provision for in-house generation
Captive power plants - going to be more & more popular during transition to decentralized & deregulated power market
Business Objective
To generate & export electricity
Maximize output at lowest input
Maximizing returns require following ABT demand curve
Efficiency
Input
Minimize Cost
Output
Maximize Returns
Regulations – Organization Mapping
Company
Power Plants
Units
ABT, Energy Management
Merit Order Dispatch
Plant Performance
ABT Regime
Revenue calculation for GENCO depends on
Available capacity of plant
Implemented schedule
Grid Frequency
Actual energy export
Applicable tariff model
To maximize revenue & minimize input cost
Generation to closely follow demand schedule
Optimal loading of plant units
Role of IT
Monitor various online real-time plant parameters from different generating stations
Establish a full-fledged Generation Control Room for performance diagnosis & optimization
Provide suitable connectivity between each power station & Control Room
IT Solution
Software
HQ Level
ABT Optimization for UI Revenue Maximization
Economic Load Dispatch
Online Plant Performance Monitoring
Plant Level
Power Plant Monitoring for each Unit
Online Performance Monitoring & Calculation for each Unit
Merit Order Despatch (MOD) at Plant level
Dispatch Monitoring for Switchyard Energy Meters
HQ Level Functions
ABT Optimization for UI Revenue Maximization
Ability to optimize tariff by maximizing UI revenue
Generate invoices on basis of total energy exported & applicable UI charges
Account auxiliary consumption of plant for billing purpose
Account for operations of “Peak Load” plants & grid maintenance
Account for cost of operating (Supply of Reactive power, Startup/ Stop operations) plant for these purposes, as & when they are made applicable
Economic Load Dispatch
Calculate individual plant OLC schedule for all power plants
Provide online communication between LDC & GCR regarding generation schedule
Online Plant Performance Monitoring
Close monitoring of power plants & generating automatic deviation alerts
Plant Level Functions
Power Plant Monitoring for each Unit
Integrated information & communication system to capture unit data
Calculate various plant parameters for each unit performance.
Suggest operator for effects of varying plant parameters
Online Performance Monitoring & Calculation for each Unit
Monitor different plant parameters that may affect plant performance such as superheat temperature, reheat temperature, inlet/ outlet temperatures, excess air ratio etc.
Merit Order Despatch (MOD) at plant level
Support simulation facilities
Facilitate in determining optimal loading of plant units
Dispatch monitoring for switchyard energy meters
Close
monitoring
of
switchyard
energy
generation against scheduled generation
meters
to
compare
actual
Broad Workflow Fuel Reserves
Maintenance & Outage Information
Generation Capacity Estimation by Plant OLC Grid Management Variation
Load Despatch Center
Day Ahead Schedule Actual Energy Export Load Forecasting
Σ Implemented Schedule
Tariff Calculation
MOD Engine Tariff Modeling
Plant Performance ABT, PPA
Generate Invoice
Software Features - ABT
Open communication architecture
Easy to use configuration utility
Flexible tariff calculation & UI charges module
Invoices in user-defined format
Reports and trends
Exporting reports & other data
Collecting 15-minute block aggregate data from meters & storing in ABT server
Monitoring actual generation Vs scheduled generation
Software features - MOD
Capability to handle multiple units
Use of historical data to generate a best-fit cost curve for the unit
Configuring individual units with historical data and operating constraints
Unit commitment approach based on maintenance schedule, minimum up and downtimes to be imposed on each unit
Allows users to perform simulation
Communication Backbone Load Dispatch Center UNIVERS ITY
UNIVERS ITY
HQ UNIVERS ITY
UNIVERS ITY
U N I V E RR S I T Y
UNIVERS ITY UNIVERS ITY
Plant Plant UNIVER SITY
UNIVERS ITY
UNIVERS ITY
System Architecture Generation Control Room
Parameters from units in plants
REPORTS
DATA EXPORT MODULE TARIFF CALCULATION MANUAL DATA QUERY
DCS/DAS DATA APPLICATION INTERFACE GEN. SCH. ENGINE NON-DCS DATA
DATA ACCESS CONTROL DATA LAYER
GEN. TAR. ENGINE TARIFF MOD. ENGINE ABT Engine
DATA STORAGE Data Layer
Data Acquisition
DCS Unit Implementation Manual Inputs / Configuration
DCS / DAS
Communication Driver
Local Data Store
Data Validation Intermediate & Detailed Results
Performance Calculation
Reports & Results
Non-DCS Unit Implementation Controllers
Transducers
Signal Splitter Analog Cards
RTU 1
RTU 2
RTU/ Data Concentrator
Plotters
RTU n
Terminal Server MOD Server MUX Router
Other data
Control Room
Challenges DCS Units:
OPC compliance (tag, value and timestamp)
Tags vary from unit to unit – 1 tag list for each DCS - Depends on commissioning
Non OPC Compliant Interface Bus would require protocol gateways
Additional licensing cost or additional one-time licensing cost for implementing protocol gateways
Non-DCS Units:
Synchronization between DCS & non-DCS units
Selecting minimum critical parameters to be monitored by GCR
A standard parameter list for all non-DCS units will not work
Parameters – Analog or Digital
Identifying location of critical analog signal
Parallel tapping of signal with without affecting current setup
Real time V/s Polling Frequency
System Overview
System Components
Data Acquisition System
Communication Infrastructure at Plant
Communication Backbone
Communication Infrastructure at HQ
Software solution at plant & HQ level
System in nutshell
Data Acquisition
Capturing plant parameters
MOD Calculations
Calculating various plant performance parameters for each unit at plant level
Data capture from ABT meters
Monitoring performance of each unit and plant in control room
ABT Calculations
Calculating applicable tariff for each beneficiary
Questions & Answers
Thanks for your time & attention
Agenda
Need for Reforms
Reforms in Power Sector
Regulations
Impact
Role of IT
System Overview
Need for Reforms
Objective of integrated National Grid
5 regional grids working at varying grid frequency
Integration needs Frequency Normalization means proactive load management
Regional surplus & shortages
Alternative – Insulation thro’ HVDC links – Expensive
Surplus in east and shortage in south
Continued functioning at non-standard grid frequency
Damage to Generator & End User equipment
Hidden cost passed to customer in long term
Need for Reforms (contd…)
Central Vs State Generators
Capital cost Vs Variable cost
Beneficiaries not liable to pay fixed cost for their allocated share if not drawing
Increased cost of energy for beneficiaries drawing energy
Generation even without demand
High grid frequency
Reforms in Power Sector
Objective
Reforms in tariff structure of bulk power
Better system operations
Better grid discipline
through commercial incentives & disincentives
Ideal Grid Frequency = 50 Hz
Reforms
Electricity Act 2003
Replaced Electricity (Supply) Act 1948
Regulations
Availability Based Tariff (ABT)
Merit Order Dispatch (MOD)
Plant Performance
Energy Management
SEB Trifurcation
Regulations
Availability Based Tariff (ABT)
Deals with tariff structure for bulk power
Performance based tariff for supply based tariff
System of rewards and penalties seeking to enforce day ahead pre-committed schedules (One & One-half hours in advance)
Promote
responsibility
&
accountability
in
generation
Paradigm shift from max power to max reliability
power
ABT Components
Capacity charges (Fixed)
Payable against declared capacity of station for allocated capacity rather than actual consumption
Full fixed charges payable at PLF of 68.49%
Incentive @ 0.4 % of equity for each percentage increase between 70-85%. Beyond 85% it is 0.3%
Energy charges (Variable)
As per actual consumption
Unscheduled Interchange (UI) charges: Penalty that depends on severity of deviation. Payable/recoverable if:
Generator generates more, thereby increasing frequency;
Generator generates less than the schedule, thereby decreasing frequency;
Beneficiary overdraws power, thereby decreasing frequency;
Merit Order Dispatch
Objective from maximum production to optimal production
Multiple unit power plant to identify optimum loading for each unit to save on operational costs
Identify units to bring online / offline to meet plant demand at minimum operating cost
Dispatching least cost power in preference to more costly power
Trifurcation
State Electricity Boards (SEBs) trifurcated as shown –
Holding Company
Generation Company
Transmission Company
Distribution Company
Impact of ABT – GENCO
Advanced control & monitoring systems to closely monitor ex-bus output of plant
Integrated information & communication system
To capture data from all components
Unscheduled downtime is not very acceptable in the ABT regime
MOD to ensure economic operation
Cost of generation, ramping, start up & shut down of each unit varies
Performance calculation for each unit of plant
Generation should closely follow 15-minute schedule
Corresponding optimization to be done
Pro-active management plan
Unscheduled deviation from power generation schedule incur considerable penalties
Unexpected downtime of power plant should not occur
Impact of ABT – TRANSCO
Improved and efficient transmission systems
More generation capacity being added
Bottleneck in transmission to be avoided
Better forecasting systems
Vested with role of coordination between consumers & generators
Better communication and information systems
Communicate 15 min generation & consumption schedule to each party
Convey any unforeseen change in such a schedule
Improved metering & billing system
Ensure adequate metering capabilities for proper implementation of tariff structure
Specialized energy meters that keep track of 15-min energy aggregates & frequency for each interval to take care of energy charges and UI charges
Impact of ABT – DISCOM
Enhanced load forecasting system
Consumer expected to stick to schedule of 96 intervals of 15-minute for each day
Failure to comply will attract penalty - UI charges
Basis of entering into commercial agreements with generating utilities
Reliable communication and information infrastructure
Load forecasting solution highly reliant on historical data for accuracy
To ensure smooth coordination with RLDC
Provision for in-house generation
Captive power plants - going to be more & more popular during transition to decentralized & deregulated power market
Business Objective
To generate & export electricity
Maximize output at lowest input
Maximizing returns require following ABT demand curve
Efficiency
Input
Minimize Cost
Output
Maximize Returns
Regulations – Organization Mapping
Company
Power Plants
Units
ABT, Energy Management
Merit Order Dispatch
Plant Performance
ABT Regime
Revenue calculation for GENCO depends on
Available capacity of plant
Implemented schedule
Grid Frequency
Actual energy export
Applicable tariff model
To maximize revenue & minimize input cost
Generation to closely follow demand schedule
Optimal loading of plant units
Role of IT
Monitor various online real-time plant parameters from different generating stations
Establish a full-fledged Generation Control Room for performance diagnosis & optimization
Provide suitable connectivity between each power station & Control Room
IT Solution
Software
HQ Level
ABT Optimization for UI Revenue Maximization
Economic Load Dispatch
Online Plant Performance Monitoring
Plant Level
Power Plant Monitoring for each Unit
Online Performance Monitoring & Calculation for each Unit
Merit Order Despatch (MOD) at Plant level
Dispatch Monitoring for Switchyard Energy Meters
HQ Level Functions
ABT Optimization for UI Revenue Maximization
Ability to optimize tariff by maximizing UI revenue
Generate invoices on basis of total energy exported & applicable UI charges
Account auxiliary consumption of plant for billing purpose
Account for operations of “Peak Load” plants & grid maintenance
Account for cost of operating (Supply of Reactive power, Startup/ Stop operations) plant for these purposes, as & when they are made applicable
Economic Load Dispatch
Calculate individual plant OLC schedule for all power plants
Provide online communication between LDC & GCR regarding generation schedule
Online Plant Performance Monitoring
Close monitoring of power plants & generating automatic deviation alerts
Plant Level Functions
Power Plant Monitoring for each Unit
Integrated information & communication system to capture unit data
Calculate various plant parameters for each unit performance.
Suggest operator for effects of varying plant parameters
Online Performance Monitoring & Calculation for each Unit
Monitor different plant parameters that may affect plant performance such as superheat temperature, reheat temperature, inlet/ outlet temperatures, excess air ratio etc.
Merit Order Despatch (MOD) at plant level
Support simulation facilities
Facilitate in determining optimal loading of plant units
Dispatch monitoring for switchyard energy meters
Close
monitoring
of
switchyard
energy
generation against scheduled generation
meters
to
compare
actual
Broad Workflow Fuel Reserves
Maintenance & Outage Information
Generation Capacity Estimation by Plant OLC Grid Management Variation
Load Despatch Center
Day Ahead Schedule Actual Energy Export Load Forecasting
Σ Implemented Schedule
Tariff Calculation
MOD Engine Tariff Modeling
Plant Performance ABT, PPA
Generate Invoice
Software Features - ABT
Open communication architecture
Easy to use configuration utility
Flexible tariff calculation & UI charges module
Invoices in user-defined format
Reports and trends
Exporting reports & other data
Collecting 15-minute block aggregate data from meters & storing in ABT server
Monitoring actual generation Vs scheduled generation
Software features - MOD
Capability to handle multiple units
Use of historical data to generate a best-fit cost curve for the unit
Configuring individual units with historical data and operating constraints
Unit commitment approach based on maintenance schedule, minimum up and downtimes to be imposed on each unit
Allows users to perform simulation
Communication Backbone Load Dispatch Center UNIVERS ITY
UNIVERS ITY
HQ UNIVERS ITY
UNIVERS ITY
U N I V E RR S I T Y
UNIVERS ITY UNIVERS ITY
Plant Plant UNIVER SITY
UNIVERS ITY
UNIVERS ITY
System Architecture Generation Control Room
Parameters from units in plants
REPORTS
DATA EXPORT MODULE TARIFF CALCULATION MANUAL DATA QUERY
DCS/DAS DATA APPLICATION INTERFACE GEN. SCH. ENGINE NON-DCS DATA
DATA ACCESS CONTROL DATA LAYER
GEN. TAR. ENGINE TARIFF MOD. ENGINE ABT Engine
DATA STORAGE Data Layer
Data Acquisition
DCS Unit Implementation Manual Inputs / Configuration
DCS / DAS
Communication Driver
Local Data Store
Data Validation Intermediate & Detailed Results
Performance Calculation
Reports & Results
Non-DCS Unit Implementation Controllers
Transducers
Signal Splitter Analog Cards
RTU 1
RTU 2
RTU/ Data Concentrator
Plotters
RTU n
Terminal Server MOD Server MUX Router
Other data
Control Room
Challenges DCS Units:
OPC compliance (tag, value and timestamp)
Tags vary from unit to unit – 1 tag list for each DCS - Depends on commissioning
Non OPC Compliant Interface Bus would require protocol gateways
Additional licensing cost or additional one-time licensing cost for implementing protocol gateways
Non-DCS Units:
Synchronization between DCS & non-DCS units
Selecting minimum critical parameters to be monitored by GCR
A standard parameter list for all non-DCS units will not work
Parameters – Analog or Digital
Identifying location of critical analog signal
Parallel tapping of signal with without affecting current setup
Real time V/s Polling Frequency
System Overview
System Components
Data Acquisition System
Communication Infrastructure at Plant
Communication Backbone
Communication Infrastructure at HQ
Software solution at plant & HQ level
System in nutshell
Data Acquisition
Capturing plant parameters
MOD Calculations
Calculating various plant performance parameters for each unit at plant level
Data capture from ABT meters
Monitoring performance of each unit and plant in control room
ABT Calculations
Calculating applicable tariff for each beneficiary
Questions & Answers
Thanks for your time & attention
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