Tall Structures

TALL STRUCTURES by RAJA I BAGGA

INTRODUCTION  Definition:-

Tall building may be defined as one that because of its height, is affected by lateral forces due to wind or earthquake actions to an extent that they play important role in structural design.

TOUGH COMPETITION

RANKING CRITERIA  Height

of STATUES:- They count towards the height of the building.

 Height

of ANTENNA:- They do not count towards the height of the building.

 Roof

HEIGHT:-It is relevant when no other architectural element is present.

Tallest buildings by architectural detail  Taipei

101 - 509 m.

 Petronas  Sears  Jin

Tower 1 & 2 - 452 m.

Tower – 442 m.

Mao Tower – 421 m.

 Two

International Finance centre – 415 m.

Tallest buildings by height to roof  Taipei

101 - 447.8 m.

 Sears

Tower – 443.2 m.

 Petronas  Two  Jin

Tower 1 & 2 – 414.5 m.

International Finance centre – 406.9 m.

Mao Tower – 388.6 m.

Tallest buildings by Height to pinnacle  Sears

Tower - 527.3 m.

 Taipei

101 - 508 m.

 John

Hancock Centre – 457.2 m.

 Petronas  Empire

Tower 1 & 2 – 452 m.

State building – 448.7 m.

TALLEST BUILDING IN THE WORLD     

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NAME :-TAIPEI 101 LOCATION :- TAIWAN HOLDS THE RECORD Ground to roof:- 449 m. Ground to highest occupied floor:- 439 m. Fastest Ascending elevator speed:16.83m/s

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Thorton-Tomasetti Engineers along with Evergreen Consulting Engineering designed a 662 metric tonne steel pendulum, that serves as a tuned mass damper, suspended from the 92nd to the 88th floor. The movements of the tuned mass damper offset movement in the building caused by strong gusts, reducing the overall effect of the wind on the building. The sphere of the tuned mass damper consists of 41 layered steel plates, each with a height of 12.5cm being welded together to form a 5.5m diameter sphere, making it the largest damper sphere in the World.

Construction of world’s tallest building   

NAME:-Burj Dubai. LOCATION:-UNITED ARAB EMIRATES. In February 2007, the Burj Dubai surpassed the Sears Tower as the building with the most floors in the world. As of June 10, 2007, the tower's height was 484.1 meters (1,589 feet), with 134 floors.

Burj Dubai 

Rising at its current rate of 2–3 floors a week, the Burj Dubai has surpassed the Petronas Twin Towers (Roof 452 m/1483 ft) to become the second-tallest building in the world, and will overtake the Taipei 101 (509.2 m/1671 ft) to become the world's tallest building.

TALLEST BUILDING IN INDIA   

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NAME:-Shreepati Arcade. LOCATION:-Mumbai. The building is 153 meters (500 ft) tall and contains 45 floors. There are six Swiss Schindler’s lifts, the fastest elevators in the world, which take only 35 seconds to go from top to bottom.

FACTORS  Availability 

of

materials:Steel and concrete are being used as a composite material in construction.

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Level of construction technology:Shear walls resist lateral wind and seismic load on the building . Shear walls are used in tall structures as part of elevators to create a stiffer and stronger structure. The 88 storey Petronas Tower in Kula Lumpur utilize the shear wall framed system

continue  Use

of elevators: Elevators are extremely safe. Their safety record with extremely low rate of incident, is unsurpassed by any other transport system.  It’s potential was realized when it was incorporated in the Equitable Life Insurance Building in New York in 1870.

continue Floor space index: In densely populated regions, the floor space index is high, so as to accommodate large no. of people in a limited area.  In sparsely populated regions, the floor space index is low, so to accommodate the future population. 

NEED  COMMERCIAL

:- They help in providing a commercial hub in a limited piece of land, so that the necessary business activity can be performed in a nearby area.  RESIDENTIAL :- They also provide shelter to large no. of people in a limited space.

 COMMERCIAL

 Demand

by business activities to be as close to each other.

 Used

as prestige symbols.

 RESIDENTIAL

 Rapid

growth of urban population.

 High

cost of land.