T4 B5 9-11 Commission Hearing Panel 1 Fdr- Entire Contents- Fednews Transcript- 1st Pg Scanned For Reference 285

PANEL I OF A HEARING OF THE NATIONAL COMMISSION ON TERRORIST ATTACKS UPON THE UNITED STATES SUBJECT: TERRORISM, AL QAEDA, AND THE MUSLIM WORLD CHAIRED BY: THOMAS KEAN WITNESSES: ROHAN GUNARATNA, INSTITUTE FOR DEFENCE AND STRATEGIC STUDIES, SINGAPORE; MAMOUN FANDY, SENIOR FELLOW, UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE; MARC SAGEMAN, UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA LOCATION: 253 RUSSELL SENATE OFFICE BUILDING, WASHINGTON, D.C. TIME: 9:02 A.M. EOT DATE: WEDNESDAY, JULY 9, 2003

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MR. KEAN: (Audio difficulties in beginning of hearing.) As chairman of the 9/11 Committee and — (inaudible) -- terrorist against United States. This is our third public hearing. (Inaudible) — Many people say that the attacks of September llth -- (inaudible ) — bombing of Pearl Harbor, 68 -(inaudible)--with -- (off mike) — differences in both cases, more people dying on September llth than died during the Pearl Harbor attacks. (Inaudible) -- in the -- (inaudible) — the 9/11 attacks targeted not military bases -(inaudible) -- heart of America's financial system — (inaudible) -There are also many similarities between what happened in both cases. (Off mike) -surprise air attacks where thousands of Americans -- (inaudible) — Immediately after both events, the president declared the United States would be in a state of war. (Inaudible) -- began preparations for attack, assembling forces. Now as 60 years ago -- (off mike) -- global war, with all its inherent uncertainties of dimension, duration and loss of life. To defeat and destroy our enemy, we must understand more than the crimes that are already committed. We must understand what drives and motivates it, the source of its power, the resources at its command, its internal strengths and weaknesses; the identity, roles, motives of its allies, enablers and supporters; and its ability to adapt to changed circumstances, especially after we struck back. In other words, we must know everything we can about al Qaeda if we are to crush it. To help us do precisely that, we have assembled a distinguished group of experts to guide us in our work. Our first panel brings together three distinguished experts to address the origins of al Qaeda, Dr. Rohan Gunaratna is the author of Inside al Qaeda: Global Network of Terror. He currently is head of terrorism research and associate professor of Institute for Defence and Strategic Studies in Singapore. Our second speaker is Dr. Mamoun Fandy, currently a senior fellow at the United States Institute of Peace. Dr. Fandy is an expert on Saudi Islamist movements, and the author of Saudi Arabia and the Politics of Dissent. Marc Sageman, our third speaker, is a member of the American Psychological Association's Presidential Panel on Terrorism. Dr. Sageman is an expert on the psychological aspects of al Qaeda, recruitment and membership. All prepared statements will be entered into the record in full, and we would ask each of our witnesses to summarize their statements before we turn to questions from the commissioners. Dr. Gunaratna.