T3 B3 Interviews 1 Of 2 Fdr- Tab A-c Entire Contents- Interview Request Letters A-c (1 Withdrawal Notice)
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October 20,2003 Thomas H. Kean CHAIR Lee H. Hamilton VICE CHAIR Richard Ben-Veniste
The Honorable Richard L. Armitage Deputy Secretary of State 2201 C Street, NW Washington, DC 20520
Max Cleland Frederick F. Fielding Jamie S. Oorelick Slade Gorton John F. Lehman Timothy J. Roemer James R. Thompson
Philip D. Zelikow EXECiJTIVE DIRECTOR
Dear Mr. Armitage: As you know, the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (better known as the 9-11 Commission) is directed by statute to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, including the nation's preparedness for, and immediate response to, the attacks. The Commission is also chartered to identify and evaluate lessons learned and provide recommendations to prevent future acts of terrorism upon our nation. Public Law 107-306 authorizes the Commission to secure needed information directly from any agency. Thus far, with the strong support of you and your Department, the Commission has compiled an extensive written record numbering more than 2 million pages. Building on this record, meetings with senior policymakers are essential to developing an authoritative narrative of the September 11, 2001 attacks. Your perspective is vital to the Commission's understanding of 9-11 and its immediate aftermath, and we are therefore writing to request an interview with you during the week of January 11, 2004. The Commission wishes to discuss a wide range of topics with you, including (but not limited to) your description, analysis, and assessment of: •
USG efforts to combat terrorist organizations, especially al Qaeda, from January 20, 2001 to September 20, 2001. This includes the State Department's overall role as well as your participation in relevant Principals' and Deputies' Committee meetings. It should also include, inter alia, your views of the effectiveness of U.S. counterterrorism policy.
•
The State Department's counterterrorism policy in general with a particular emphasis on diplomatic instruments considered and used to combat terrorism, from January 20, 2001 to September 20, 2001. This would include U.S. pressure on Pakistan and the Taliban to address the al Qaeda presence in Afghanistan.
301 7'1' Street SW, Room 5125 Washington, DC 20407 T 202.331.4060 F 202.296.5545 www.9-llcommission.gov
The Honorable Richard L. Armitage October 20,2003 Page 2 •
The State Department's diplomatic relations with other countries (especially Afghanistan, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan) in connection with terrorism, from January 20, 2001 to September 20, 2001. This would include your meetings and communications with officials from such countries in connection with counterterrrorism. This would also include meetings during your September 2001 travels to Russia.
•
The role of, and your interaction with, the Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism, both before and after the September 11 attacks.
•
The State Department's recommended responses to the U.S.S. Cole bombing.
•
The State Department's visa issuance policy and practice in the context of Counterterrorism.
•
The Clinton-Bush transition period as it related to Counterterrorism policy. This includes all Counterterrorism briefings you received during that period.
You may wish to review notes and other documents to refresh your recollection of these matters prior to the interview. We are, of course, interested in any other issues you deem relevant to the Commission's understanding of 9-11 specifically and Counterterrorism policy generally, as well as your thoughts on policy recommendations for the future. Members of the Commission may attend, but the interview will be conducted by Commission staff. It is the general policy of the Commission to record interviews. This proposed meeting is separate from your requested participation in a public hearing to be held in Washington, DC, on February 23, 2004. You will receive a separate invitation to testify in the coming weeks, and we hope that you will agree to appear before the Commission for this important public forum. Please have a member of your staff contact Daniel Leopold at (202) 331 -4064 to indicate your availability for such an interview and to relay any questions you or your staff may have. Thank you in advance for your time and cooperation with the Commission and its staff in this important matter. Yours sincerely,
Thomas H. Kean Chair cc:
Daniel Levin, U.S. Department of Justice Karl W. Hofmann, Executive Secretary
Lee H. Hamilton Vice Chair
I *?
Thomas H. Kean CHAIR
Lee H. Hamilton VICE CHAIR Richard Ben-Veniste Max Cleland Frederick F. Fielding
August 12,2003 Dr. Walter Andersen Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) 1740 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20036-1983 Dear Dr. Andersen:
Jamie S. Gorelick Slade Gorton John F. Lehman Timothy J. Roemer James R. Thompson
Philip D. Zelikow EXE*7'~X'VE DIRECTOR
The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States is directed by statute to investigate the facts and circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, including the nation's preparedness for, and immediate response to, those attacks, as well as to evaluate the lessons learned from those attacks and to make recommendations for preventing future attacks. As part of its investigation, the Commission hereby requests to interview you on issues relating to the following general topics: the rise of the Taliban; Pakistan's relationship with the Taliban and al Qaeda; and U.S. policy towards Pakistan. The Commission does anticipate that classified information will be discussed at this interview. Scott Allan, counsel to the Commission, will make the arrangements for your interview. The Commission would like to conduct your interview sometime in the second half of August in Washington, DC, if possible. At least two members of the Commission's staff will attend your interview, and the general policy of the Commission is to tape record interviews. Please call Scott Allan at 202-331-4079 as soon as possible to discuss the time and location of your interview, and to raise any other questions you may have. ^ --»>» -
Thank you very much in advance for your time and for your cooperation with the Commission and its staff in this important matter. Sincerely,
Philip Zelikow Executive Director
301 7'1' Street SW, Room 5125" Washington, DC 20407 T 202.331.4060 F 202.296.5545 www.9-11 commission.gov
Thomas H. Kean CHAIR
November 18, 2003
Lee H. Hamilton VICE CHAIR
Fred F. Fielding
The Honorable James E. Baker United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces 450 E Street, NW Washington, DC 20442
Jamie S. Gorelick
Dear Judge Baker:
Richard Ben-Veniste Max Cleland
Slade Gorton . John F. Lehman Timothy J. Roemer James R. Thompson
lip D. Zelikow UTIVE DIRECTOR
The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States is directed by statute to investigate the facts and circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, including the nation's preparedness for, and immediate response to, those attacks, as well as to evaluate the lessons learned from those attacks and to make recommendations for preventing future attacks. As part of its investigation, the Commission hereby requests to interview you on issues relating to the following topics:
301 7th Street SW, Suite 5125 Washington, DC 20407 T 202.331.4060 F 202.296.5545 www.9-11 commission.gov
•
How the Clinton administration responded to the terrorist threat in general, and the al Qaeda threat in particular, from 1996 to your departure from the NSC in September 2000. How important was the use of law enforcement instruments in the overall strategy?
•
The role of the NSC legal advisor's office in fashioning counterterrorism strategy, and the interaction between the NSC legal advisor's office and the Transnational Threat Directorate at the NSC.
•
Your recollection of any Principals' and/or Deputies' Committee Meetings you attended that were held in the aftermath of the August 1998 East Africa Embassy bombings that considered the United States Government response to those attacks; and any such meetings held regarding the planned "Millennium Plot."
•
A review of legal authorities for conducting operations against Usama bin Laden and senior al Qaeda leadership from 1998 until your departure from the NSC in September 2000.
26 Federal Plaza Suite 13-100 New York, NY 10278 T 217.7.64.1 505 F 717 764 J 595
The Honorable James E. Baker November 18, 2003 Page 2
The Commission does anticipate that classified information will be discussed at this interview. Alexis Albion, Professional Staff Member to the Commission, will make the arrangements for your interview. The Commission would like to conduct your interview some time in the second half of November in Washington, DC, if possible. Several members of the Commission's staff will attend your interview, and the general policy of the Commission is to tape record interviews. Please call Alexis Albion at 202-331-4081 as soon as possible to discuss the time and location of your interview, and to raise any other questions you may have. Thank you very much in advance for your time and for your cooperation with the Commission and its staff in this important matter. Sincerely,
Philip Zelikow Executive Director
Thomas H. Kean CHAIR Lee H. Hamilton VICE CHAIR
November 18,2003
Fred F. Fielding
Mr. Daniel Benjamin Senior Fellow Center for Strategic and International Studies 1800 K Street, NW Washington, DC 20006
Jamie S. Gorelick
Dear Mr. Benjamin:
Slade Gorton
The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (better known as the 9-11 Commission) is directed by statute to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11,2001 terrorist attacks, including the nation's preparedness for, and immediate response to, the attacks. The Commission is also chartered to identify and evaluate lessons learned and provide recommendations to prevent future acts of terrorism upon our nation.
Richard Ben-Veniste Max Cleland
John F. Lehman Timothy J. Roemer James R. Thompson
Eh^lip D. Zelikow •^ DIRECTOR
Interviews with former policymakers are essential to developing an authoritative narrative of the September 11,2001 attacks. As a former member of the National Security Council staff, your knowledge and perspective is vital to the Commission's work. We are grateful for your earlier interview and hope to resume our discussion now that we have had an opportunity to review the documentary record. We are therefore writing to request an interview with you during the week of December 8, 2003. The Commission wishes to discuss a wide range of topics with you, including (but not limited to) your description, analysis, and assessment of: •
The NSC and White House role in U.S. counterterrorism policy during your tenure, including your knowledge of the relevant Small Group, CSG, Deputies' Committee, and Principals' Committee meetings.
•
USG counterterrorism policy in general, and toward al Qaeda in particular, including intelligence, covert action, and related legal authorities; military options; U.S. diplomacy, especially with Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan; resources and budgets; the effectiveness of the interagency process; and the drafting of related presidential decision directives.
301 7th Street SW, Suite 5125 Washington, DC 20407 T 202.331.4060 F 202.296.5545 www.9-llcommission.gov
26 Federal Plaza Suite 13400 New York, NY 10278 T7.17 764 1W5 F 7 1 7
Mr. Daniel Benjamin November 18, 2003 Page 2 •
USG counterterrorism efforts related to the 1998 East Africa embassy bombings, the Millennium plots, and the 2000 attack on the U.S.S. Cole, including a discussion of both the process whereby responses were chosen and your views on their ultimate effectiveness.
•
Discussions of possible al Qaeda attacks on U.S. soil during your tenure and responses either taken or considered.
•
The use of UAVs as a counterterrorism tool, including your own views on their efficacy and the policymaking process.
•
USG efforts to detect and disrupt terrorist financing, particularly vis-a-vis Saudi Arabia, and the level of international cooperation with such efforts.
•
The handling of counterterrorism issues during the Clinton-Bush transition period, including your knowledge of briefings given and recommendations offered.
You may wish to review notes and other materials you may have to refresh your recollection of these matters prior to the interview. We are, of course, interested in any other issues you deem important to the Commission's understanding of 9-11 specifically and counterterrorism policy generally, as well as your thoughts on policy recommendations for the future. The Commission anticipates that classified information will be discussed at this private session, requiring that the interviews take place at the Commission's 2100 K Street, NW, location. Members of the Commission may attend, but the interviews will be conducted by Commission staff. It is the general policy of the Commission to record interviews. Please contact Mike Hurley at (202) 331-4077 to indicate your availability for such an interview and to relay any questions you may have. Thank you in advance for your time and cooperation with the Commission and its staff in this important matter. Sincerely,
Philip Zelikow Executive Director
Thomas H. Kean CHAIR Lee H. Hamilton VICE CHAIR Richard Ben-Veniste Max Cleland Frederick F. Fielding
July 25, 2003 Mr. Daniel Benjamin Senior Fellow Center for Strategic and International Studies 1800 K Street, NW Washington, DC 20006
Jamie S. Gorelick
Dear Mr. Benjamin:
Slade Gorton
The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States is directed by statute to investigate the facts and circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, including the nation's preparedness for, and immediate response to, those attacks, as well as to evaluate the lessons learned from those attacks and to make recommendations for preventing future attacks. As part of its investigation, the Commission hereby requests to interview you on issues relating to the following general topic: U.S. counterterrorism policy since 1998. The Commission does anticipate that classified information will be discussed at this interview.
John F. Lehman Timothy ]. Roemer James R. Thompson
Philip D. Zelikow EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Mike Hurley, a Senior Counsel to the Commission, will make the arrangements for your interview. The Commission would like to conduct this interview on July 29, 2003 in Washington, DC, if possible. We anticipate that we will want to interview you again sometime in the fall, after we have had an opportunity to review NSC documents from the Clinton administration. Several members of the Commission's staff will attend your interview, and the general policy of the Commission is to tape record interviews. Please call Mike Hurley at (202) 331-4077 as soon as possible to discuss the time and location of your interview, and to raise any other questions you may have. Thank you very much in advance for your time and for your cooperation with the Commission and its staff in this important matter. Sincerely,
Philip Zelikow Executive Director 301 7 lh Street SW, Room 5125 Washington, DC 20407 T 202.331.4060 F 202.296.5545 www.9-llcommission.gov
Thomas H. Kean CHAIR Lee H. Hamilton VICE CHAIR Richard Ben-Veniste Max Cleland Frederick F. Fielding
October 20, 2003
Mr. Samuel R. Berger Chairman Stonebridge International 555 13th Street, NW Suite 300 West Washington, DC 20004
Jamie S. Gorelick Slade Gorton John F. Lehman Timothy J. Roemer James R. Thompson
Philip D. Zelikow EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Dear Mr. Berger: The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (better known as the 9-11 Commission) is directed by statute to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11,2001 terrorist attacks, including the nation's preparedness for, and immediate response to, the attacks. The Commission is also chartered to identify and evaluate lessons learned and provide recommendations to prevent future acts of terrorism upon our nation. Interviews with former senior policymakers are essential to developing an authoritative narrative of the September 11, 2001 attacks. As the former National Security Adviser, your perspective is vital to the Commission's collective understanding of 9-11, and we are therefore writing to request an interview with you during the week of January 11, 2004. The Commission wishes to discuss a wide range of topics with you, including (but not limited to) your description, analysis, and assessment of: •
The NSC role in U.S. counterterrorism policy from January 1998 until the end of the Clinton administration, including relevant Deputies' Committee and Principals' Committee meetings and the drafting of terrorism-related PDDs. This should include, inter alia, your views on the effectiveness of U.S. counterterrorism policy.
•
U.S. counterterrorism efforts related to the 1998 East Africa embassy bombings, including a discussion of both the process whereby responses were chosen and your views on their effectiveness.
•
U.S. counterterrorism policy in general, with a particular emphasis on ongoing U.S. efforts to handle the al Qaeda threat, including intelligence, covert 301 7lh Street SW, Room 5125 Washington, DC 20407 T 202.331.4060 F 202.296.5545 www.9'11 commission.gov
Mr. Samuel R. Berger October 20,2003 Page 2 actions, and related legal authorities; military options considered; U.S. diplomacy, especially with Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan; terrorist financing; the use of UAVs; and the effectiveness of the interagency process on counterterrorism issues. •
Discussions of possible al Qaeda attacks on U.S. soil during your tenure and responses either taken or considered.
•
U.S. counterterrorism efforts related to the Millennium plots, including afteraction review.
•
U.S. counterterrorism efforts related to the 2000 attack on the U.S.S. Cole, including responses considered and the handling of the Cole issue during the transition period.
•
Steps taken relating to U.S. visa, immigration, and border controls and related bilateral and multilateral discussions. i
•
The handling of counterterrorism issues during the Clinton-Bush transition period, including a detailed discussion of briefings given and recommendations offered.
You may wish to review notes and other materials you may have to refresh your recollection of these matters prior to the interview. We are, of course, interested in any other issues you deem important to the Commission's understanding of 9-11 specifically and counterterrorism policy generally, as well as your thoughts on policy recommendations for the future. The Commission anticipates that classified information will be discussed at this private session, requiring that the interview take place at the Commission's 2100 K Street, NW, location. Members of the Commission may attend, but the interview will be conducted by Commission staff. It is the general policy of the Commission to record interviews. This proposed interview is separate from your requested participation in a public hearing to be held in Washington, DC, on March 25,2004. You will receive a separate invitation to testify in the coming weeks, and we hope that you will agree to appear before the Commission for this important public forum. Please have a member of your staff contact Daniel Leopold at (202) 331-4064 to indicate your availability for such an interview and to relay any questions you or
Mr. Samuel R. Berger October 20,2003 Page 2 your staff may have. Thank you in advance for your time and cooperation with the Commission and its staff in this important matter. Yours sincerely,
Thomas H. Kean Chair
Lee H. Hamilton Vice Chair
Thomas H. Kean CHAIR Lee H. Hamilton VICE CHAIR
November 17, 2003
Fred F. Fielding
The Honorable J. Cofer Black Coordinator for Counterterrorism Department of State 2201 C Street NW, Suite 2509 Washington, DC 20520
Jamie S. Gorelick
Dear Ambassador Black:
Slade Gorton
As you know, the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (better known as the 9-11 Commission) is directed by statute to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, including the nation's preparedness for, and immediate response to the attacks. The Commission is also chartered to identify and evaluate lessons learned and provide recommendations to prevent future acts of terrorism upon our nation.
Richard Ben-Veniste Max Cleland
John F. Lehman Timothy J. Roemer James R. Thompson
jp D. Zelikow UTIVE DIRECTOR
Public Law 107-306 authorizes the Commission to secure needed information directly from any agency. Thus far, the Commission has compiled an extensive written record numbering more than 2 million pages. Building on this record, meetings with senior officials are essential to developing an authoritative narrative of the September 11, 2001 attacks. Your perspective is vital to the Commission's understanding of 9-11 and its immediate aftermath, and we are therefore writing to request an interview with you during the week of December 8, 2003. The Commission wishes to discuss a wide range of topics with you, including (but not limited to) your description, analysis, and assessment of: •
The CIA's role in counterterrorism policy from July 1999 until September 20, 2001, including the CIA's responses to the Millennium plots and the 2000 attack on the U.S.S. Cole; counterterrorism strategies proposed by the CIA to NSC staff; the handling of counterterrorism issues during the Clinton-Bush transition period; and the Agency's immediate response to the 9-11 attacks.
•
Special activities conducted by the CIA against Usama bin Laden and al Qaeda; the legal authorities, supporting infrastructure, and resources for carrying out such activities; and the role of foreign liaison.
•
The Department of Defense's support of the CIA's special activities, and overall CIA-DOD cooperation.
301 7th Street SW, Suite 5125 Washington, DC 20407 T 202.331.4060 F 202.296.5545 www.9-1 lcommission.gov
26 Federal Plaza Suite 13-100 New York, NY 10278 T 212.264.1505 F 212.264.1595
The Honorable J. Gofer Black November 17,2003 Page 2 •
Watchlisting policy and practice before and after September 11, 2001, including the sharing of terrorist identity information between the relevant agencies.
•
Al Qaeda, including its historical growth in Sudan and Afghanistan, its successes and failures, its links to other terror groups and to state sponsors, and any attempts by it to acquire or develop chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapons.
•
USG counterterrorism policy from December 2002 to the present, including the role of the Coordinator within the State Department; policy oversight of international counterterrorism activities, programs, training, and technical assistance; USG efforts to detect and disrupt terrorist financing; interagency cooperation in the development and implementation of counterterrorism policy; and foreign government cooperation with USG counterterrorism efforts.
You may wish to review notes and other documents to refresh your recollection of these matters prior to the interview. We are, of course, interested in any other issues you deem relevant to the Commission's understanding of 9-11 specifically and U.S. counterterrorism policy generally, as well as your thoughts on policy recommendations for the future. Members of the Commission may attend, but the interview will be conducted by Commission staff. It is the general policy of the Commission to record interviews. This proposed interview is separate from your requested participation in a public hearing to be held in Washington, DC, on January 26, 2004. You will receive a separate invitation to testify in the coming weeks, and we hope that you will agree to appear before the Commission for this important public forum. Please have a member of your staff contact Mike Hurley at (202) 331-4077 to indicate your availability for such an interview and to relay any questions you or your staff may have. Thank you in advance for your time and cooperation with the Commission and its staff in this important matter. Sincerely,
Philip Zelikow Executive Director cc:
Daniel Levin, Department of Justice Karl Hofmann, Department of State Jolene Lowry, Central Intelligence Agency
Thomas H. Kean CHAIR Lee H. Hamilton VICE CHAIR Richard Ben-Veniste Max Cleland Fred F. Fielding
November 18, 2003 The Honorable Stephen A. Cambone Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence The Pentagon, Room 3E836 Washington, DC 20301 Dear Dr. Cambone:
Jamie S. Gorelick Slade Gorton John F. Lehman Timothy J. Roemer James R. Thompson
Philip D. Zelikow EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
As you know, the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (better known as the 9-11 Commission) is directed by statute to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, including the nation's preparedness for, and immediate response to, the attacks. The Commission is also chartered to identify and evaluate lessons learned and provide recommendations to prevent future acts of terrorism upon our nation. Public Law 107-306 authorizes the Commission to secure needed information directly from any agency. Thus far, with your support and the efforts of many at the Department of Defense, the Commission has compiled an extensive written record numbering more than 2 million pages. Building on this record, meetings with senior policymakers are essential to developing an authoritative narrative of the September 11, 2001 attacks. Your perspective is vital to the Commission's understanding of the Global War on Terrorism, and we are therefore writing to request an interview with you during the week of December 15, 2003. The Commission wishes to discuss a wide range of topics with you, including (but not limited to) your description, analysis, and assessment of: •
Your work on counterterrorism intelligence or policy issues during the transition period and before 9-11.
•
Your knowledge of the events on September 11, 2001, and the immediate response to the attacks in the days leading up to the President's September 20 address.
•
The genesis of the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence (USDI), its charter, and authorities. What need does it meet? What function does USDI have relative to policy guidance, budget formulation, allocation of resources, and operational activities within the defense intelligence
301 7th Street SW, Suite 5125 Washington, DC 20407 T 202.331.4060 F 202.296.5545 www.9-11 commission.gov
26 Federal Plaza Suite 13400 New York, NY 10278 T 212.264-1505 F 212.264.1595
The Honorable Stephen A. Cambone November 18, 2003 Page 2 community? Does USDI provide departmental or other intelligence to the Secretary? •
The relationship of USDI to the Intelligence Community in general and the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) in particular. How does the Department of Defense (DoD) interact with the DCI in setting priorities and requirements, and allocating intelligence resources and assets?
•
The role of USDI in the Global War on Terrorism, particularly with regard to DoD policy formulation and homeland security.
•
DoD and defense intelligence strategies for counterterrorism, including the role, if any, of USDI in counterterrorism operations.
•
The organization of the Intelligence Community, including the effect of the possible creation of a Director for National Intelligence and/or domestic intelligence service on DoD and USDI.
•
Congressional oversight of the Intelligence Community.
You may wish to review notes and other documents to refresh your recollection of these matters prior to the interview. We are, of course, interested in any other issues you deem relevant to the Commission's understanding of 9-11 specifically and the Global War on Terrorism generally, as well as your thoughts on policy recommendations for the future. Members of the Commission may attend, but the interview will be conducted by Commission staff. It is the general policy of the Commission to record interviews. Please have a member of your staff contact Melissa Coffey at (202) 331-4080 to indicate your availability for such an interview and to relay any questions you or your staff may have. Thank you in advance for your time and cooperation with the Commission and its staff in this important matter. Sincerely,
r
Philip Zelikow Executive Director cc:
Daniel Levin, U.S. Department of Justice Pat Downs, U.S. Department of Defense
WITHDRAWAL NOTICE RG: 148 Exposition, Anniversary, and Memorial Commissions SERIES: Team 3,9/11 Commission NND PROJECT NUMBER:
52100
FOIA CASE NUMBER: 31107
WITHDRAWAL DATE: 11/20/2008
FOLDER: 0001
BOX: 00001
COPIES: 1 PAGES:
TAB: 75
DOC ID: 31206582
1
_ACCESS RESTRICTED j The item identified below has been withdrawn from this file: FOLDER TITLE: Interviews DOCUMENT DATE: 11/05/2003
DOCUMENT TYPE: Letter
FROM: Zelikow TO: Carney SUBJECT:
Interview request
This document has been withdrawn for the following reason(s): 9/11 Personal Privacy
WITHDRAWAL NOTICE
lONON,
Thomas H. Kean CHAIR Lee H. Hamilton VICE CHAIR Richard Ben-Veniste Max Cleland Fred F. Fielding
November 25,2003 Mr. Roger Cressey Good Harbor Consulting Group 1902 N. Monroe Street Arlington, VA 22207 Dear Mr. Cressey:
Jamie S. Gorelick Slade Gorton John F. Lehman Timothy J. Roemer James R. Thompson
. Zelikow QUTIVE DIRECTOR
The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (better known as the 9-11 Commission) is directed by statute to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11,2001 terrorist attacks, including the nation's preparedness for, and immediate response to, the attacks. The Commission is also chartered to identify and evaluate lessons learned and provide recommendations to prevent future acts of terrorism upon our nation. Interviews with former policymakers are essential to developing an authoritative narrative of the September 11,2001 attacks. As a former member of the National Security Council staff, your perspective is vital to the Commission's collective understanding of 9-11 and its aftermath, and we are therefore writing to request an interview with you during the week of December 15,2003. The Commission wishes to discuss a wide range of topics with you, including (but not limited to) your description, analysis, and assessment of: •
The NSC and White House role in U.S. counterterrorism policy during your tenure, including your knowledge of the relevant Small Group, CSG, Deputies' Committee, and Principals' Committee meetings.
•
USG counterterrorism policy in general, and toward al Qaeda in particular, including intelligence, covert action, and related legal authorities; military options; U.S. diplomacy, especially with Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan; resources and budgets; the effectiveness of the interagency process; and the drafting of related presidential decision directives and national security presidential directives.
•
USG counterterrorism efforts related to the 1998 East Africa embassy bombings, the Millennium plots, and the 2000 attack on the U.S.S. Cole, including a discussion of both the process whereby responses were chosen and your views on their ultimate effectiveness.
301 7th Street SW, Suite 5125 Washington, DC 20407 T 202.331.4060 F 202.296.5545 www.9-llcommission.gov
26 Federal Plaza Suite 13-100 New York, NY 10278 T 212.264.1505 F 212.264.1595
Mr. Roger Cressey November 25, 2003 Page 2 •
Discussions of possible al Qaeda attacks on U.S. soil during your tenure and responses either taken or considered.
•
The use of UAVs as a counterterrorism tool, including your own views on their efficacy and the policymaking process.
•
USG efforts to detect and disrupt terrorist financing, particularly vis-a-vis Saudi Arabia, and the level of international cooperation with such efforts.
•
The handling of counterterrorism issues during the Clinton-Bush transition period, including your knowledge of briefings given and recommendations offered.
You may wish to review notes and other materials you may have to refresh your recollection of these matters prior to the interview. We are, of course, interested in any other issues you deem important to the Commission's understanding of 9-11 specifically and counterterrorism policy generally, as well as your thoughts on policy recommendations for the future. The Commission anticipates that classified information will be discussed at this private session, requiring that the interviews take place at the Commission's 2100 K Street, NW, location. Members of the Commission may attend, but the interviews will be conducted by Commission staff. It is the general policy of the Commission to record interviews. Please contact Mike Hurley at (202) 331-4077 to indicate your availability for such an interview and to relay any questions you may have. Thank you in advance for your time and cooperation with the Commission and its staff in this important matter. Sincerely,
Philip Zelikow Executive Director
S\OM ON
Thomas H. Kean CHAIR Lee H. Hamilton VICE CHAIR Richard Ben-Veniste Max Cleiand Frederick F. Fielding Jamie S. Oorelick Slade Gorton John F. Lehman Timothy J. Roemer James R. Thompson
Philip D. Zelikow EXP"STIVE DIRECTOR
October 20, 2003 Mr. Richard A. Clarke Chairman Good Harbor Consulting Group 1902 N.Monroe Street Arlington, VA 22207 Dear Mr. Clarke: The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (better known as the 9-11 Commission) is directed by statute to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 terrorist Attacks, including the nation's preparedness for, and immediate response to, the attacks. The Commission is also chartered to identify and evaluate lessons learned and provide recommendations to prevent future acts of terrorism upon our nation. Interviews with former senior policymakers are essential to developing an authoritative narrative of the September 11, 2001 attacks. As the former National Coordinator for Counterterrorism and former head of the Transnational Threats Directorate (TNT), your knowledge and perspective is vital to the Commission's work. Given your unique role in U.S. Counterterrorism policy, we are therefore writing to request an interview, to be divided into two sessions—the first during the week of December 7, 2003, the second during the week of January 11, 2004. The Commission wishes to discuss a wide range of topics with you, including (but not limited to) your description, analysis, and assessment of: •
The NSC, TNT, and White House role in U.S. Counterterrorism policy from January 1998 until the immediate aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks, including relevant CSG, Deputies' Committee, and Principals' Committee meetings. This should include, inter alia, your views on the effectiveness of U.S. Counterterrorism policy.
•
The drafting of terrorism-related PDDs and NSPDs, including the process leading up to the September 4, 2001, Principals' Committee meeting.
•
U.S. Counterterrorism efforts related to the 1998 East Africa embassy bombings, including a discussion of both the process whereby responses were chosen and your views on their effectiveness. 301 7 th Street SW, Room 5125 Washington, DC 20407 T 202.331.4060 F 202.296.5545 www.9-llcommission.gov
Mr. Richard A. Clarke October 20,2003 Page 2 •
U.S. counterterrorism policy in general, with a particular emphasis on ongoing U.S. efforts to handle the al Qaeda threat, including intelligence, covert actions, and related legal authorities; military options considered; U.S. diplomacy, especially with Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan; resources and budgets; and the effectiveness of the interagency process on counterterrorism issues.
•
A description, analysis, and assessment of the use of UAVs as a counterterrorism tool during your tenure, including your own views on their efficacy and the policymaking process.
•
A description, analysis, and assessment of steps taken related to terrorist financing, including vis-a-vis Saudi Arabia.
•
A description, analysis, and assessment of steps taken related to U.S. visa, immigration, and border controls and related bilateral and multilateral discussions.
•
Discussions of possible al Qaeda attacks on U.S. soil during your tenure and responses either taken or considered.
•
U.S. counterterrorism efforts related to the Millennium plots, including afteraction review.
•
U.S. counterterrorism efforts related to the 2000 attack on the U.S.S. Cole, including responses considered and the handling of the Cole issue during the transition period.
•
The handling of counterterrorism issues during the Clinton-Bush transition period, including a detailed discussion of briefings given and recommendations offered.
•
A description, analysis, and assessment of the immediate response of the NSC (especially TNT) and the White House to the 9-11 attacks, including your own actions, advice, and decisions in the immediate aftermath of the attacks.
•
A description of your advice for and interactions with senior U.S. officials, including Presidents Clinton and Bush
You may wish to review notes and other materials you may have to refresh your recollection of these matters prior to the interview.
Mr. Richard A. Clarke October 20, 2003 Page3 We are, of course, interested in any other issues you deem important to the Commission's understanding of 9-11 specifically and counterterrorism policy generally, as well as your thoughts on policy recommendations for the future. The Commission anticipates that classified information will be discussed at this private session, requiring that the interviews take place at the Commission's 2100 K Street, NW, location. Members of the Commission may attend, but the interviews will be conducted by Commission staff. It is the general policy of the Commission to record interviews. This proposed meeting is separate from your requested participation in a public hearing to be held in Washington, DC on March 25, 2004. You will receive a separate invitation to testify in the coming weeks, and we hope that you will agree to appear before the Commission for this important public forum. Please have a member of your staff contact Daniel Leopold at (202) 331-4064 to indicate your availability for such an interview and to relay any questions you or your staff may have. Thank you in advance for your time and cooperation with the Commission and its staff in this important matter. Yours sincerely,
Thomas H. Kean Chair
Lee H. Hamilton Vice Chair
Thomas H. Kean CHAIR Lee H. Hamilton VICE CHAIR Richard Ben-Veniste MaxCleland Frederick F. Fielding
October 20, 2003 The Honorable William S. Cohen Chairman and Chief Executive Officer The Cohen Group 1200 19th Street, NW Suite 400 Washington, DC 20036
Jamie S. Oorelick Slade Gorton John F. Lehman Timothy J. Roemer James R. Thompson
Phjljp D. Zelikow Philip I<<^ DIRECTOR
Dear Secretary Cohen: The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (better known as the 9-11 Commission) is directed by statute to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, including the nation's preparedness for, and immediate response to, the attacks. The Commission is also chartered to identify and evaluate lessons learned and provide recommendations to prevent future acts of terrorism upon our nation. Interviews with former senior policymakers are essential to developing an authoritative narrative of the September 11, 2001 attacks. As the former Secretary of Defense, your perspective is vital to the Commission's collective understanding of 9-11, and we are therefore writing to request an interview with you during the week of February 2, 2004. The Commission wishes to discuss a wide range of topics with you, including (but not limited to) your description, analysis, and assessment of: •
The Department of Defense's role in U. S. counterterrorism policy from January 1998 through January 2001, including your assessment of Defense's view of the extent of its counterterrorism responsibilities.
•
Defense's positions articulated at relevant Principals' Committee meetings on how to respond to the al Qaeda threat, as well as a description of Principals' Committee meetings that discussed military options.
•
The effectiveness of interagency coordination on the al Qaeda threat, including guidance provided by Defense for the relevant presidential decision directives.
301 7 lh Street SW, Room 5125 Washington, DC 20407 T 202.331.4060 F 202.296.5545 www.9-llcommission.gov
The Honorable William S. Cohen October 20, 2003 Page 2 •
Defense's responses to the 1998 East Africa embassy bombings, the Millennium plots, and the 2000 attack on the U.S.S. Cole, including Defense's views on the wisdom of various options considered.
•
Military options requested, considered, and rejected or approved for responding to al Qaeda during this period, including paramilitary or special forces missions, steps taken by Defense in preparation for a possible order to strike al Qaeda or Taliban targets during your tenure, the readiness of the military to carry out possible orders, and military attitudes toward requests to strike Afghan or other al Qaeda-related targets.
•
Discussions that took place on possible al Qaeda attacks on U.S. soil and the Department's preparations for homeland defense;
•
Your own advice to the President and other principals about the proper strategic and tactical responses to the al Qaeda threat
•
Intelligence support to the military on the al Qaeda threat, including cooperation between the CIA and Defense in responding to the al Qaeda threat and the possible use of UAVs. This should also include discussion of funding, flying, and firing issues related to relevant UAV programs.
•
Defense's efforts to ensure international military cooperation against al Qaeda.
•
The handling of counterterrorism issues during the Clinton-Bush transition period, including a detailed discussion of briefings given, recommendations offered, and responses to the views of outgoing officials.
You may wish to review notes and other materials you may have to refresh your recollection of these matters prior to the interview. We are, of course, interested in any other issues you deem important to the Commission's understanding of 9-11 specifically and counterterrorism policy generally, as well as your thoughts on policy recommendations for the future. The Commission anticipates that classified information will be discussed at this private session, requiring that the interview take place at the Commission's 2100 K Street, NW, location. Members of the Commission may attend, but the interview will be conducted by Commission staff. It is the general policy of the Commission to record interviews. This proposed interview is separate from your requested participation in a public hearing to be held in Washington, DC, on March 22,2004. You will receive a
\~ The Honorable William S. Cohen October 20, 2003 PageS separate invitation to testify in the coming weeks, and we hope that you will agree to appear before the Commission for this important public forum. Please have a member of your staff contact Daniel Leopold at (202) 331-4064 to indicate your availability for such an interview and to relay any questions you or your staff may have. Thank you in advance for your time and cooperation with the Commission and its staff in this important matter. Yours sincerely,
Thomas H. Kean Chair
Lee H. Hamilton Vice Chair
The Honorable Richard L. Armitage Deputy Secretary of State 2201 C Street, NW Washington, DC 20520
Max Cleland Frederick F. Fielding Jamie S. Oorelick Slade Gorton John F. Lehman Timothy J. Roemer James R. Thompson
Philip D. Zelikow EXECiJTIVE DIRECTOR
Dear Mr. Armitage: As you know, the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (better known as the 9-11 Commission) is directed by statute to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, including the nation's preparedness for, and immediate response to, the attacks. The Commission is also chartered to identify and evaluate lessons learned and provide recommendations to prevent future acts of terrorism upon our nation. Public Law 107-306 authorizes the Commission to secure needed information directly from any agency. Thus far, with the strong support of you and your Department, the Commission has compiled an extensive written record numbering more than 2 million pages. Building on this record, meetings with senior policymakers are essential to developing an authoritative narrative of the September 11, 2001 attacks. Your perspective is vital to the Commission's understanding of 9-11 and its immediate aftermath, and we are therefore writing to request an interview with you during the week of January 11, 2004. The Commission wishes to discuss a wide range of topics with you, including (but not limited to) your description, analysis, and assessment of: •
USG efforts to combat terrorist organizations, especially al Qaeda, from January 20, 2001 to September 20, 2001. This includes the State Department's overall role as well as your participation in relevant Principals' and Deputies' Committee meetings. It should also include, inter alia, your views of the effectiveness of U.S. counterterrorism policy.
•
The State Department's counterterrorism policy in general with a particular emphasis on diplomatic instruments considered and used to combat terrorism, from January 20, 2001 to September 20, 2001. This would include U.S. pressure on Pakistan and the Taliban to address the al Qaeda presence in Afghanistan.
301 7'1' Street SW, Room 5125 Washington, DC 20407 T 202.331.4060 F 202.296.5545 www.9-llcommission.gov
The Honorable Richard L. Armitage October 20,2003 Page 2 •
The State Department's diplomatic relations with other countries (especially Afghanistan, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Sudan) in connection with terrorism, from January 20, 2001 to September 20, 2001. This would include your meetings and communications with officials from such countries in connection with counterterrrorism. This would also include meetings during your September 2001 travels to Russia.
•
The role of, and your interaction with, the Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism, both before and after the September 11 attacks.
•
The State Department's recommended responses to the U.S.S. Cole bombing.
•
The State Department's visa issuance policy and practice in the context of Counterterrorism.
•
The Clinton-Bush transition period as it related to Counterterrorism policy. This includes all Counterterrorism briefings you received during that period.
You may wish to review notes and other documents to refresh your recollection of these matters prior to the interview. We are, of course, interested in any other issues you deem relevant to the Commission's understanding of 9-11 specifically and Counterterrorism policy generally, as well as your thoughts on policy recommendations for the future. Members of the Commission may attend, but the interview will be conducted by Commission staff. It is the general policy of the Commission to record interviews. This proposed meeting is separate from your requested participation in a public hearing to be held in Washington, DC, on February 23, 2004. You will receive a separate invitation to testify in the coming weeks, and we hope that you will agree to appear before the Commission for this important public forum. Please have a member of your staff contact Daniel Leopold at (202) 331 -4064 to indicate your availability for such an interview and to relay any questions you or your staff may have. Thank you in advance for your time and cooperation with the Commission and its staff in this important matter. Yours sincerely,
Thomas H. Kean Chair cc:
Daniel Levin, U.S. Department of Justice Karl W. Hofmann, Executive Secretary
Lee H. Hamilton Vice Chair
I *?
Thomas H. Kean CHAIR
Lee H. Hamilton VICE CHAIR Richard Ben-Veniste Max Cleland Frederick F. Fielding
August 12,2003 Dr. Walter Andersen Nitze School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) 1740 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20036-1983 Dear Dr. Andersen:
Jamie S. Gorelick Slade Gorton John F. Lehman Timothy J. Roemer James R. Thompson
Philip D. Zelikow EXE*7'~X'VE DIRECTOR
The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States is directed by statute to investigate the facts and circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, including the nation's preparedness for, and immediate response to, those attacks, as well as to evaluate the lessons learned from those attacks and to make recommendations for preventing future attacks. As part of its investigation, the Commission hereby requests to interview you on issues relating to the following general topics: the rise of the Taliban; Pakistan's relationship with the Taliban and al Qaeda; and U.S. policy towards Pakistan. The Commission does anticipate that classified information will be discussed at this interview. Scott Allan, counsel to the Commission, will make the arrangements for your interview. The Commission would like to conduct your interview sometime in the second half of August in Washington, DC, if possible. At least two members of the Commission's staff will attend your interview, and the general policy of the Commission is to tape record interviews. Please call Scott Allan at 202-331-4079 as soon as possible to discuss the time and location of your interview, and to raise any other questions you may have. ^ --»>» -
Thank you very much in advance for your time and for your cooperation with the Commission and its staff in this important matter. Sincerely,
Philip Zelikow Executive Director
301 7'1' Street SW, Room 5125" Washington, DC 20407 T 202.331.4060 F 202.296.5545 www.9-11 commission.gov
Thomas H. Kean CHAIR
November 18, 2003
Lee H. Hamilton VICE CHAIR
Fred F. Fielding
The Honorable James E. Baker United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces 450 E Street, NW Washington, DC 20442
Jamie S. Gorelick
Dear Judge Baker:
Richard Ben-Veniste Max Cleland
Slade Gorton . John F. Lehman Timothy J. Roemer James R. Thompson
lip D. Zelikow UTIVE DIRECTOR
The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States is directed by statute to investigate the facts and circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, including the nation's preparedness for, and immediate response to, those attacks, as well as to evaluate the lessons learned from those attacks and to make recommendations for preventing future attacks. As part of its investigation, the Commission hereby requests to interview you on issues relating to the following topics:
301 7th Street SW, Suite 5125 Washington, DC 20407 T 202.331.4060 F 202.296.5545 www.9-11 commission.gov
•
How the Clinton administration responded to the terrorist threat in general, and the al Qaeda threat in particular, from 1996 to your departure from the NSC in September 2000. How important was the use of law enforcement instruments in the overall strategy?
•
The role of the NSC legal advisor's office in fashioning counterterrorism strategy, and the interaction between the NSC legal advisor's office and the Transnational Threat Directorate at the NSC.
•
Your recollection of any Principals' and/or Deputies' Committee Meetings you attended that were held in the aftermath of the August 1998 East Africa Embassy bombings that considered the United States Government response to those attacks; and any such meetings held regarding the planned "Millennium Plot."
•
A review of legal authorities for conducting operations against Usama bin Laden and senior al Qaeda leadership from 1998 until your departure from the NSC in September 2000.
26 Federal Plaza Suite 13-100 New York, NY 10278 T 217.7.64.1 505 F 717 764 J 595
The Honorable James E. Baker November 18, 2003 Page 2
The Commission does anticipate that classified information will be discussed at this interview. Alexis Albion, Professional Staff Member to the Commission, will make the arrangements for your interview. The Commission would like to conduct your interview some time in the second half of November in Washington, DC, if possible. Several members of the Commission's staff will attend your interview, and the general policy of the Commission is to tape record interviews. Please call Alexis Albion at 202-331-4081 as soon as possible to discuss the time and location of your interview, and to raise any other questions you may have. Thank you very much in advance for your time and for your cooperation with the Commission and its staff in this important matter. Sincerely,
Philip Zelikow Executive Director
Thomas H. Kean CHAIR Lee H. Hamilton VICE CHAIR
November 18,2003
Fred F. Fielding
Mr. Daniel Benjamin Senior Fellow Center for Strategic and International Studies 1800 K Street, NW Washington, DC 20006
Jamie S. Gorelick
Dear Mr. Benjamin:
Slade Gorton
The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (better known as the 9-11 Commission) is directed by statute to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11,2001 terrorist attacks, including the nation's preparedness for, and immediate response to, the attacks. The Commission is also chartered to identify and evaluate lessons learned and provide recommendations to prevent future acts of terrorism upon our nation.
Richard Ben-Veniste Max Cleland
John F. Lehman Timothy J. Roemer James R. Thompson
Eh^lip D. Zelikow •^ DIRECTOR
Interviews with former policymakers are essential to developing an authoritative narrative of the September 11,2001 attacks. As a former member of the National Security Council staff, your knowledge and perspective is vital to the Commission's work. We are grateful for your earlier interview and hope to resume our discussion now that we have had an opportunity to review the documentary record. We are therefore writing to request an interview with you during the week of December 8, 2003. The Commission wishes to discuss a wide range of topics with you, including (but not limited to) your description, analysis, and assessment of: •
The NSC and White House role in U.S. counterterrorism policy during your tenure, including your knowledge of the relevant Small Group, CSG, Deputies' Committee, and Principals' Committee meetings.
•
USG counterterrorism policy in general, and toward al Qaeda in particular, including intelligence, covert action, and related legal authorities; military options; U.S. diplomacy, especially with Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan; resources and budgets; the effectiveness of the interagency process; and the drafting of related presidential decision directives.
301 7th Street SW, Suite 5125 Washington, DC 20407 T 202.331.4060 F 202.296.5545 www.9-llcommission.gov
26 Federal Plaza Suite 13400 New York, NY 10278 T7.17 764 1W5 F 7 1 7
Mr. Daniel Benjamin November 18, 2003 Page 2 •
USG counterterrorism efforts related to the 1998 East Africa embassy bombings, the Millennium plots, and the 2000 attack on the U.S.S. Cole, including a discussion of both the process whereby responses were chosen and your views on their ultimate effectiveness.
•
Discussions of possible al Qaeda attacks on U.S. soil during your tenure and responses either taken or considered.
•
The use of UAVs as a counterterrorism tool, including your own views on their efficacy and the policymaking process.
•
USG efforts to detect and disrupt terrorist financing, particularly vis-a-vis Saudi Arabia, and the level of international cooperation with such efforts.
•
The handling of counterterrorism issues during the Clinton-Bush transition period, including your knowledge of briefings given and recommendations offered.
You may wish to review notes and other materials you may have to refresh your recollection of these matters prior to the interview. We are, of course, interested in any other issues you deem important to the Commission's understanding of 9-11 specifically and counterterrorism policy generally, as well as your thoughts on policy recommendations for the future. The Commission anticipates that classified information will be discussed at this private session, requiring that the interviews take place at the Commission's 2100 K Street, NW, location. Members of the Commission may attend, but the interviews will be conducted by Commission staff. It is the general policy of the Commission to record interviews. Please contact Mike Hurley at (202) 331-4077 to indicate your availability for such an interview and to relay any questions you may have. Thank you in advance for your time and cooperation with the Commission and its staff in this important matter. Sincerely,
Philip Zelikow Executive Director
Thomas H. Kean CHAIR Lee H. Hamilton VICE CHAIR Richard Ben-Veniste Max Cleland Frederick F. Fielding
July 25, 2003 Mr. Daniel Benjamin Senior Fellow Center for Strategic and International Studies 1800 K Street, NW Washington, DC 20006
Jamie S. Gorelick
Dear Mr. Benjamin:
Slade Gorton
The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States is directed by statute to investigate the facts and circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, including the nation's preparedness for, and immediate response to, those attacks, as well as to evaluate the lessons learned from those attacks and to make recommendations for preventing future attacks. As part of its investigation, the Commission hereby requests to interview you on issues relating to the following general topic: U.S. counterterrorism policy since 1998. The Commission does anticipate that classified information will be discussed at this interview.
John F. Lehman Timothy ]. Roemer James R. Thompson
Philip D. Zelikow EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Mike Hurley, a Senior Counsel to the Commission, will make the arrangements for your interview. The Commission would like to conduct this interview on July 29, 2003 in Washington, DC, if possible. We anticipate that we will want to interview you again sometime in the fall, after we have had an opportunity to review NSC documents from the Clinton administration. Several members of the Commission's staff will attend your interview, and the general policy of the Commission is to tape record interviews. Please call Mike Hurley at (202) 331-4077 as soon as possible to discuss the time and location of your interview, and to raise any other questions you may have. Thank you very much in advance for your time and for your cooperation with the Commission and its staff in this important matter. Sincerely,
Philip Zelikow Executive Director 301 7 lh Street SW, Room 5125 Washington, DC 20407 T 202.331.4060 F 202.296.5545 www.9-llcommission.gov
Thomas H. Kean CHAIR Lee H. Hamilton VICE CHAIR Richard Ben-Veniste Max Cleland Frederick F. Fielding
October 20, 2003
Mr. Samuel R. Berger Chairman Stonebridge International 555 13th Street, NW Suite 300 West Washington, DC 20004
Jamie S. Gorelick Slade Gorton John F. Lehman Timothy J. Roemer James R. Thompson
Philip D. Zelikow EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Dear Mr. Berger: The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (better known as the 9-11 Commission) is directed by statute to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11,2001 terrorist attacks, including the nation's preparedness for, and immediate response to, the attacks. The Commission is also chartered to identify and evaluate lessons learned and provide recommendations to prevent future acts of terrorism upon our nation. Interviews with former senior policymakers are essential to developing an authoritative narrative of the September 11, 2001 attacks. As the former National Security Adviser, your perspective is vital to the Commission's collective understanding of 9-11, and we are therefore writing to request an interview with you during the week of January 11, 2004. The Commission wishes to discuss a wide range of topics with you, including (but not limited to) your description, analysis, and assessment of: •
The NSC role in U.S. counterterrorism policy from January 1998 until the end of the Clinton administration, including relevant Deputies' Committee and Principals' Committee meetings and the drafting of terrorism-related PDDs. This should include, inter alia, your views on the effectiveness of U.S. counterterrorism policy.
•
U.S. counterterrorism efforts related to the 1998 East Africa embassy bombings, including a discussion of both the process whereby responses were chosen and your views on their effectiveness.
•
U.S. counterterrorism policy in general, with a particular emphasis on ongoing U.S. efforts to handle the al Qaeda threat, including intelligence, covert 301 7lh Street SW, Room 5125 Washington, DC 20407 T 202.331.4060 F 202.296.5545 www.9'11 commission.gov
Mr. Samuel R. Berger October 20,2003 Page 2 actions, and related legal authorities; military options considered; U.S. diplomacy, especially with Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan; terrorist financing; the use of UAVs; and the effectiveness of the interagency process on counterterrorism issues. •
Discussions of possible al Qaeda attacks on U.S. soil during your tenure and responses either taken or considered.
•
U.S. counterterrorism efforts related to the Millennium plots, including afteraction review.
•
U.S. counterterrorism efforts related to the 2000 attack on the U.S.S. Cole, including responses considered and the handling of the Cole issue during the transition period.
•
Steps taken relating to U.S. visa, immigration, and border controls and related bilateral and multilateral discussions. i
•
The handling of counterterrorism issues during the Clinton-Bush transition period, including a detailed discussion of briefings given and recommendations offered.
You may wish to review notes and other materials you may have to refresh your recollection of these matters prior to the interview. We are, of course, interested in any other issues you deem important to the Commission's understanding of 9-11 specifically and counterterrorism policy generally, as well as your thoughts on policy recommendations for the future. The Commission anticipates that classified information will be discussed at this private session, requiring that the interview take place at the Commission's 2100 K Street, NW, location. Members of the Commission may attend, but the interview will be conducted by Commission staff. It is the general policy of the Commission to record interviews. This proposed interview is separate from your requested participation in a public hearing to be held in Washington, DC, on March 25,2004. You will receive a separate invitation to testify in the coming weeks, and we hope that you will agree to appear before the Commission for this important public forum. Please have a member of your staff contact Daniel Leopold at (202) 331-4064 to indicate your availability for such an interview and to relay any questions you or
Mr. Samuel R. Berger October 20,2003 Page 2 your staff may have. Thank you in advance for your time and cooperation with the Commission and its staff in this important matter. Yours sincerely,
Thomas H. Kean Chair
Lee H. Hamilton Vice Chair
Thomas H. Kean CHAIR Lee H. Hamilton VICE CHAIR
November 17, 2003
Fred F. Fielding
The Honorable J. Cofer Black Coordinator for Counterterrorism Department of State 2201 C Street NW, Suite 2509 Washington, DC 20520
Jamie S. Gorelick
Dear Ambassador Black:
Slade Gorton
As you know, the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (better known as the 9-11 Commission) is directed by statute to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, including the nation's preparedness for, and immediate response to the attacks. The Commission is also chartered to identify and evaluate lessons learned and provide recommendations to prevent future acts of terrorism upon our nation.
Richard Ben-Veniste Max Cleland
John F. Lehman Timothy J. Roemer James R. Thompson
jp D. Zelikow UTIVE DIRECTOR
Public Law 107-306 authorizes the Commission to secure needed information directly from any agency. Thus far, the Commission has compiled an extensive written record numbering more than 2 million pages. Building on this record, meetings with senior officials are essential to developing an authoritative narrative of the September 11, 2001 attacks. Your perspective is vital to the Commission's understanding of 9-11 and its immediate aftermath, and we are therefore writing to request an interview with you during the week of December 8, 2003. The Commission wishes to discuss a wide range of topics with you, including (but not limited to) your description, analysis, and assessment of: •
The CIA's role in counterterrorism policy from July 1999 until September 20, 2001, including the CIA's responses to the Millennium plots and the 2000 attack on the U.S.S. Cole; counterterrorism strategies proposed by the CIA to NSC staff; the handling of counterterrorism issues during the Clinton-Bush transition period; and the Agency's immediate response to the 9-11 attacks.
•
Special activities conducted by the CIA against Usama bin Laden and al Qaeda; the legal authorities, supporting infrastructure, and resources for carrying out such activities; and the role of foreign liaison.
•
The Department of Defense's support of the CIA's special activities, and overall CIA-DOD cooperation.
301 7th Street SW, Suite 5125 Washington, DC 20407 T 202.331.4060 F 202.296.5545 www.9-1 lcommission.gov
26 Federal Plaza Suite 13-100 New York, NY 10278 T 212.264.1505 F 212.264.1595
The Honorable J. Gofer Black November 17,2003 Page 2 •
Watchlisting policy and practice before and after September 11, 2001, including the sharing of terrorist identity information between the relevant agencies.
•
Al Qaeda, including its historical growth in Sudan and Afghanistan, its successes and failures, its links to other terror groups and to state sponsors, and any attempts by it to acquire or develop chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear weapons.
•
USG counterterrorism policy from December 2002 to the present, including the role of the Coordinator within the State Department; policy oversight of international counterterrorism activities, programs, training, and technical assistance; USG efforts to detect and disrupt terrorist financing; interagency cooperation in the development and implementation of counterterrorism policy; and foreign government cooperation with USG counterterrorism efforts.
You may wish to review notes and other documents to refresh your recollection of these matters prior to the interview. We are, of course, interested in any other issues you deem relevant to the Commission's understanding of 9-11 specifically and U.S. counterterrorism policy generally, as well as your thoughts on policy recommendations for the future. Members of the Commission may attend, but the interview will be conducted by Commission staff. It is the general policy of the Commission to record interviews. This proposed interview is separate from your requested participation in a public hearing to be held in Washington, DC, on January 26, 2004. You will receive a separate invitation to testify in the coming weeks, and we hope that you will agree to appear before the Commission for this important public forum. Please have a member of your staff contact Mike Hurley at (202) 331-4077 to indicate your availability for such an interview and to relay any questions you or your staff may have. Thank you in advance for your time and cooperation with the Commission and its staff in this important matter. Sincerely,
Philip Zelikow Executive Director cc:
Daniel Levin, Department of Justice Karl Hofmann, Department of State Jolene Lowry, Central Intelligence Agency
Thomas H. Kean CHAIR Lee H. Hamilton VICE CHAIR Richard Ben-Veniste Max Cleland Fred F. Fielding
November 18, 2003 The Honorable Stephen A. Cambone Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence The Pentagon, Room 3E836 Washington, DC 20301 Dear Dr. Cambone:
Jamie S. Gorelick Slade Gorton John F. Lehman Timothy J. Roemer James R. Thompson
Philip D. Zelikow EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
As you know, the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (better known as the 9-11 Commission) is directed by statute to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, including the nation's preparedness for, and immediate response to, the attacks. The Commission is also chartered to identify and evaluate lessons learned and provide recommendations to prevent future acts of terrorism upon our nation. Public Law 107-306 authorizes the Commission to secure needed information directly from any agency. Thus far, with your support and the efforts of many at the Department of Defense, the Commission has compiled an extensive written record numbering more than 2 million pages. Building on this record, meetings with senior policymakers are essential to developing an authoritative narrative of the September 11, 2001 attacks. Your perspective is vital to the Commission's understanding of the Global War on Terrorism, and we are therefore writing to request an interview with you during the week of December 15, 2003. The Commission wishes to discuss a wide range of topics with you, including (but not limited to) your description, analysis, and assessment of: •
Your work on counterterrorism intelligence or policy issues during the transition period and before 9-11.
•
Your knowledge of the events on September 11, 2001, and the immediate response to the attacks in the days leading up to the President's September 20 address.
•
The genesis of the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence (USDI), its charter, and authorities. What need does it meet? What function does USDI have relative to policy guidance, budget formulation, allocation of resources, and operational activities within the defense intelligence
301 7th Street SW, Suite 5125 Washington, DC 20407 T 202.331.4060 F 202.296.5545 www.9-11 commission.gov
26 Federal Plaza Suite 13400 New York, NY 10278 T 212.264-1505 F 212.264.1595
The Honorable Stephen A. Cambone November 18, 2003 Page 2 community? Does USDI provide departmental or other intelligence to the Secretary? •
The relationship of USDI to the Intelligence Community in general and the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) in particular. How does the Department of Defense (DoD) interact with the DCI in setting priorities and requirements, and allocating intelligence resources and assets?
•
The role of USDI in the Global War on Terrorism, particularly with regard to DoD policy formulation and homeland security.
•
DoD and defense intelligence strategies for counterterrorism, including the role, if any, of USDI in counterterrorism operations.
•
The organization of the Intelligence Community, including the effect of the possible creation of a Director for National Intelligence and/or domestic intelligence service on DoD and USDI.
•
Congressional oversight of the Intelligence Community.
You may wish to review notes and other documents to refresh your recollection of these matters prior to the interview. We are, of course, interested in any other issues you deem relevant to the Commission's understanding of 9-11 specifically and the Global War on Terrorism generally, as well as your thoughts on policy recommendations for the future. Members of the Commission may attend, but the interview will be conducted by Commission staff. It is the general policy of the Commission to record interviews. Please have a member of your staff contact Melissa Coffey at (202) 331-4080 to indicate your availability for such an interview and to relay any questions you or your staff may have. Thank you in advance for your time and cooperation with the Commission and its staff in this important matter. Sincerely,
r
Philip Zelikow Executive Director cc:
Daniel Levin, U.S. Department of Justice Pat Downs, U.S. Department of Defense
WITHDRAWAL NOTICE RG: 148 Exposition, Anniversary, and Memorial Commissions SERIES: Team 3,9/11 Commission NND PROJECT NUMBER:
52100
FOIA CASE NUMBER: 31107
WITHDRAWAL DATE: 11/20/2008
FOLDER: 0001
BOX: 00001
COPIES: 1 PAGES:
TAB: 75
DOC ID: 31206582
1
_ACCESS RESTRICTED j The item identified below has been withdrawn from this file: FOLDER TITLE: Interviews DOCUMENT DATE: 11/05/2003
DOCUMENT TYPE: Letter
FROM: Zelikow TO: Carney SUBJECT:
Interview request
This document has been withdrawn for the following reason(s): 9/11 Personal Privacy
WITHDRAWAL NOTICE
lONON,
Thomas H. Kean CHAIR Lee H. Hamilton VICE CHAIR Richard Ben-Veniste Max Cleland Fred F. Fielding
November 25,2003 Mr. Roger Cressey Good Harbor Consulting Group 1902 N. Monroe Street Arlington, VA 22207 Dear Mr. Cressey:
Jamie S. Gorelick Slade Gorton John F. Lehman Timothy J. Roemer James R. Thompson
. Zelikow QUTIVE DIRECTOR
The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (better known as the 9-11 Commission) is directed by statute to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11,2001 terrorist attacks, including the nation's preparedness for, and immediate response to, the attacks. The Commission is also chartered to identify and evaluate lessons learned and provide recommendations to prevent future acts of terrorism upon our nation. Interviews with former policymakers are essential to developing an authoritative narrative of the September 11,2001 attacks. As a former member of the National Security Council staff, your perspective is vital to the Commission's collective understanding of 9-11 and its aftermath, and we are therefore writing to request an interview with you during the week of December 15,2003. The Commission wishes to discuss a wide range of topics with you, including (but not limited to) your description, analysis, and assessment of: •
The NSC and White House role in U.S. counterterrorism policy during your tenure, including your knowledge of the relevant Small Group, CSG, Deputies' Committee, and Principals' Committee meetings.
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USG counterterrorism policy in general, and toward al Qaeda in particular, including intelligence, covert action, and related legal authorities; military options; U.S. diplomacy, especially with Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan; resources and budgets; the effectiveness of the interagency process; and the drafting of related presidential decision directives and national security presidential directives.
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USG counterterrorism efforts related to the 1998 East Africa embassy bombings, the Millennium plots, and the 2000 attack on the U.S.S. Cole, including a discussion of both the process whereby responses were chosen and your views on their ultimate effectiveness.
301 7th Street SW, Suite 5125 Washington, DC 20407 T 202.331.4060 F 202.296.5545 www.9-llcommission.gov
26 Federal Plaza Suite 13-100 New York, NY 10278 T 212.264.1505 F 212.264.1595
Mr. Roger Cressey November 25, 2003 Page 2 •
Discussions of possible al Qaeda attacks on U.S. soil during your tenure and responses either taken or considered.
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The use of UAVs as a counterterrorism tool, including your own views on their efficacy and the policymaking process.
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USG efforts to detect and disrupt terrorist financing, particularly vis-a-vis Saudi Arabia, and the level of international cooperation with such efforts.
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The handling of counterterrorism issues during the Clinton-Bush transition period, including your knowledge of briefings given and recommendations offered.
You may wish to review notes and other materials you may have to refresh your recollection of these matters prior to the interview. We are, of course, interested in any other issues you deem important to the Commission's understanding of 9-11 specifically and counterterrorism policy generally, as well as your thoughts on policy recommendations for the future. The Commission anticipates that classified information will be discussed at this private session, requiring that the interviews take place at the Commission's 2100 K Street, NW, location. Members of the Commission may attend, but the interviews will be conducted by Commission staff. It is the general policy of the Commission to record interviews. Please contact Mike Hurley at (202) 331-4077 to indicate your availability for such an interview and to relay any questions you may have. Thank you in advance for your time and cooperation with the Commission and its staff in this important matter. Sincerely,
Philip Zelikow Executive Director
S\OM ON
Thomas H. Kean CHAIR Lee H. Hamilton VICE CHAIR Richard Ben-Veniste Max Cleiand Frederick F. Fielding Jamie S. Oorelick Slade Gorton John F. Lehman Timothy J. Roemer James R. Thompson
Philip D. Zelikow EXP"STIVE DIRECTOR
October 20, 2003 Mr. Richard A. Clarke Chairman Good Harbor Consulting Group 1902 N.Monroe Street Arlington, VA 22207 Dear Mr. Clarke: The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (better known as the 9-11 Commission) is directed by statute to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 terrorist Attacks, including the nation's preparedness for, and immediate response to, the attacks. The Commission is also chartered to identify and evaluate lessons learned and provide recommendations to prevent future acts of terrorism upon our nation. Interviews with former senior policymakers are essential to developing an authoritative narrative of the September 11, 2001 attacks. As the former National Coordinator for Counterterrorism and former head of the Transnational Threats Directorate (TNT), your knowledge and perspective is vital to the Commission's work. Given your unique role in U.S. Counterterrorism policy, we are therefore writing to request an interview, to be divided into two sessions—the first during the week of December 7, 2003, the second during the week of January 11, 2004. The Commission wishes to discuss a wide range of topics with you, including (but not limited to) your description, analysis, and assessment of: •
The NSC, TNT, and White House role in U.S. Counterterrorism policy from January 1998 until the immediate aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks, including relevant CSG, Deputies' Committee, and Principals' Committee meetings. This should include, inter alia, your views on the effectiveness of U.S. Counterterrorism policy.
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The drafting of terrorism-related PDDs and NSPDs, including the process leading up to the September 4, 2001, Principals' Committee meeting.
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U.S. Counterterrorism efforts related to the 1998 East Africa embassy bombings, including a discussion of both the process whereby responses were chosen and your views on their effectiveness. 301 7 th Street SW, Room 5125 Washington, DC 20407 T 202.331.4060 F 202.296.5545 www.9-llcommission.gov
Mr. Richard A. Clarke October 20,2003 Page 2 •
U.S. counterterrorism policy in general, with a particular emphasis on ongoing U.S. efforts to handle the al Qaeda threat, including intelligence, covert actions, and related legal authorities; military options considered; U.S. diplomacy, especially with Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan; resources and budgets; and the effectiveness of the interagency process on counterterrorism issues.
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A description, analysis, and assessment of the use of UAVs as a counterterrorism tool during your tenure, including your own views on their efficacy and the policymaking process.
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A description, analysis, and assessment of steps taken related to terrorist financing, including vis-a-vis Saudi Arabia.
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A description, analysis, and assessment of steps taken related to U.S. visa, immigration, and border controls and related bilateral and multilateral discussions.
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Discussions of possible al Qaeda attacks on U.S. soil during your tenure and responses either taken or considered.
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U.S. counterterrorism efforts related to the Millennium plots, including afteraction review.
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U.S. counterterrorism efforts related to the 2000 attack on the U.S.S. Cole, including responses considered and the handling of the Cole issue during the transition period.
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The handling of counterterrorism issues during the Clinton-Bush transition period, including a detailed discussion of briefings given and recommendations offered.
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A description, analysis, and assessment of the immediate response of the NSC (especially TNT) and the White House to the 9-11 attacks, including your own actions, advice, and decisions in the immediate aftermath of the attacks.
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A description of your advice for and interactions with senior U.S. officials, including Presidents Clinton and Bush
You may wish to review notes and other materials you may have to refresh your recollection of these matters prior to the interview.
Mr. Richard A. Clarke October 20, 2003 Page3 We are, of course, interested in any other issues you deem important to the Commission's understanding of 9-11 specifically and counterterrorism policy generally, as well as your thoughts on policy recommendations for the future. The Commission anticipates that classified information will be discussed at this private session, requiring that the interviews take place at the Commission's 2100 K Street, NW, location. Members of the Commission may attend, but the interviews will be conducted by Commission staff. It is the general policy of the Commission to record interviews. This proposed meeting is separate from your requested participation in a public hearing to be held in Washington, DC on March 25, 2004. You will receive a separate invitation to testify in the coming weeks, and we hope that you will agree to appear before the Commission for this important public forum. Please have a member of your staff contact Daniel Leopold at (202) 331-4064 to indicate your availability for such an interview and to relay any questions you or your staff may have. Thank you in advance for your time and cooperation with the Commission and its staff in this important matter. Yours sincerely,
Thomas H. Kean Chair
Lee H. Hamilton Vice Chair
Thomas H. Kean CHAIR Lee H. Hamilton VICE CHAIR Richard Ben-Veniste MaxCleland Frederick F. Fielding
October 20, 2003 The Honorable William S. Cohen Chairman and Chief Executive Officer The Cohen Group 1200 19th Street, NW Suite 400 Washington, DC 20036
Jamie S. Oorelick Slade Gorton John F. Lehman Timothy J. Roemer James R. Thompson
Phjljp D. Zelikow Philip I<<^ DIRECTOR
Dear Secretary Cohen: The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (better known as the 9-11 Commission) is directed by statute to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, including the nation's preparedness for, and immediate response to, the attacks. The Commission is also chartered to identify and evaluate lessons learned and provide recommendations to prevent future acts of terrorism upon our nation. Interviews with former senior policymakers are essential to developing an authoritative narrative of the September 11, 2001 attacks. As the former Secretary of Defense, your perspective is vital to the Commission's collective understanding of 9-11, and we are therefore writing to request an interview with you during the week of February 2, 2004. The Commission wishes to discuss a wide range of topics with you, including (but not limited to) your description, analysis, and assessment of: •
The Department of Defense's role in U. S. counterterrorism policy from January 1998 through January 2001, including your assessment of Defense's view of the extent of its counterterrorism responsibilities.
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Defense's positions articulated at relevant Principals' Committee meetings on how to respond to the al Qaeda threat, as well as a description of Principals' Committee meetings that discussed military options.
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The effectiveness of interagency coordination on the al Qaeda threat, including guidance provided by Defense for the relevant presidential decision directives.
301 7 lh Street SW, Room 5125 Washington, DC 20407 T 202.331.4060 F 202.296.5545 www.9-llcommission.gov
The Honorable William S. Cohen October 20, 2003 Page 2 •
Defense's responses to the 1998 East Africa embassy bombings, the Millennium plots, and the 2000 attack on the U.S.S. Cole, including Defense's views on the wisdom of various options considered.
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Military options requested, considered, and rejected or approved for responding to al Qaeda during this period, including paramilitary or special forces missions, steps taken by Defense in preparation for a possible order to strike al Qaeda or Taliban targets during your tenure, the readiness of the military to carry out possible orders, and military attitudes toward requests to strike Afghan or other al Qaeda-related targets.
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Discussions that took place on possible al Qaeda attacks on U.S. soil and the Department's preparations for homeland defense;
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Your own advice to the President and other principals about the proper strategic and tactical responses to the al Qaeda threat
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Intelligence support to the military on the al Qaeda threat, including cooperation between the CIA and Defense in responding to the al Qaeda threat and the possible use of UAVs. This should also include discussion of funding, flying, and firing issues related to relevant UAV programs.
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Defense's efforts to ensure international military cooperation against al Qaeda.
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The handling of counterterrorism issues during the Clinton-Bush transition period, including a detailed discussion of briefings given, recommendations offered, and responses to the views of outgoing officials.
You may wish to review notes and other materials you may have to refresh your recollection of these matters prior to the interview. We are, of course, interested in any other issues you deem important to the Commission's understanding of 9-11 specifically and counterterrorism policy generally, as well as your thoughts on policy recommendations for the future. The Commission anticipates that classified information will be discussed at this private session, requiring that the interview take place at the Commission's 2100 K Street, NW, location. Members of the Commission may attend, but the interview will be conducted by Commission staff. It is the general policy of the Commission to record interviews. This proposed interview is separate from your requested participation in a public hearing to be held in Washington, DC, on March 22,2004. You will receive a
\~ The Honorable William S. Cohen October 20, 2003 PageS separate invitation to testify in the coming weeks, and we hope that you will agree to appear before the Commission for this important public forum. Please have a member of your staff contact Daniel Leopold at (202) 331-4064 to indicate your availability for such an interview and to relay any questions you or your staff may have. Thank you in advance for your time and cooperation with the Commission and its staff in this important matter. Yours sincerely,
Thomas H. Kean Chair
Lee H. Hamilton Vice Chair
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