Subjunctive Study Guide-spanish

  • November 2019
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  • Words: 514
  • Pages: 4
Jimmy Silva

Subjunctive Study Guide

The subjunctive is a mood, not a tense, and it shows how the speaker feels about the action. The subjunctive mood itself is used in dependent clauses to express wishes, commands, emotion, possibility, judgment, necessity, or statements that are contrary to fact at present. For most verbs, use these simple steps to form the subjunctive form of the verb: 1. Start with the yo form of the present indicative tense. 2. Then drop the -o ending. 3. Finally, add the following endings: -ar verbs (hablar in example): -e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, en (yo) hable -er and -ir verbs (tú) hables (comer in example): -a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, (él/ella/ud.) Hable -an

(yo) coma

(nosotros) hablemos (vosotros) habléis (ellos/uds.) hablen

(tú) comas

(nosotros) comamos (vosotros) comáis

(él/ella/ud.) coma

(ellos/uds.) coman

The same 3 steps above work for verbs with irregular yo-forms. Here is an example with the verb tener: (yo) tenga (tú) tengas

(nosotros) tengamos (vosotros) tengáis

(él/ella/ud.) tenga

(ellos/uds.) tengan

The same 3 steps above also work for –er and –ar stem changing verbs, but there is no stem change in the nosotros and vosotros forms. Here are two examples with the verbs pensar and contar: (yo) piense

(nos.) pensemos

(tú) pienses

(vos.) penséis

(ud.) piense

(uds.) piensen

(yo) cuente

(nosotros) contemos

(tú) cuentes

(vosotros) contéis

(ud.) cuente

(uds.) cuenten

Continued on Back Side-> For -ir stem-changing verbs, the same 3 steps apply except that the stem change in the nosotros and vosotros forms follows these patterns: o:ue verbs change o to u; e:ie verbs change e to i; e:i verbs change e to i. Here are 3 examples using the verbs dormir (o>ue), sentir (e>ie), and pedir (e>i). (yo) duerma (tú) duermas

(nos.) durmamos (vos.) durmáis

(ud.) duerma

(uds.) duerman

(yo) sienta

(nos.) sintamos

(tú) sientas

(vos.) sintáis

(ud.) sienta

(uds.) sientan

(yo) pida

(nos.) pidamos

(tú) pidas

(vos.) pidáis

(ud.) pida

(uds.) pidan

For verbs with the ending -zar, the z changes to a c only when it comes before an “e”. Here is an example with the verb empezar: (yo) empiece (tú) empieces

(nos.) empecemos (vos.) empecéis

(ud.) empiece

(uds.) empiecen

For verbs with the ending -car, c changes to qu when it comes before the letter e. Here is an example with the verb tocar: (yo) toque

(nos.) toquemos

(tú) toques

(vos.) toquéis

(ud.) toque

(uds.) toquen

For verbs ending in -gar, the g changes to a gu. Here is an example with the word pagar: (yo) pague (tú) pagues

(nos.) paguemos (vos.) paguéis

(ud.) pague

(uds.) paguen

Continued on Next Page-> There are some irregular verbs, such as ir, dar, estar, ser, and saber. Their conjugations are below: ir

dar

(yo) vaya

(nos.) vayamos

(tú) vayas

(vos.) vayáis

(ud.) vaya

(uds.) vayan

estar

(yo) dé

(nos.) demos

(tú) des

(vos.) déis

(ud.) dé

(uds.) den

ser

(yo) esté

(nos.) estemos

(tú) estés

(vos.) estéis

(ud.) esté

(uds.) estén

(yo) sea

(nos.) seamos

(tú) seas

(vos.) seáis

(ud.) sea

(uds.) sean

saber (yo) sepa

(nos.) sepamos

(tú) sepas

(vos.) sepáis

(ud.) sepa

(uds.) sepan

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