Stress Management.docx

Page No. CHAPTER-I

1-9

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INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY

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NEED FOR THE STUDY

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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

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METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY

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LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

CHAPTER-II •

INDUSTRY PROFILE

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COMPANY PROFILE

10-33

CHAPTER-III •

34-52

THEORITICAL FRAME WORK OF THE STUDY

CHAPTER-IV •

53-78

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

CHAPTER-V •

SUMMARY

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FINDINGS

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SUGGESTIONS

"79-87

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ANNEXURE

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CHAPTER-I > INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY > NEED FOR THE STUDY > OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY > METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY > LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

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INTRODUCTION Human resources are a term used to describe the individuals who comprise the work force of an organization, although it is also applied in labor economics to, for ex, business sectors or even whole nations. Human resources is also the name of the function within an organization charged with the overall responsibilities for implementing strategies and policies related to management of individuals i.e. the function title is often abbreviated to the initials 'HR'. Human resources is relatively modern management term, coined in the 1960s. The origin of the function arose in organizations that introduced 'welfare management' practices and also in those that adopted the principles on 'scientific management' From these terms emerged a largely administrative management activity, co-coordinating a range of workers related processes and becoming known, in time as the 'personal function'. Human resources progressively became the more usual name in the function, in the first instance in united states as well as multinational corporations, reflecting the adaptation of a more quantitative as well as strategic approach to workforce management, demanded by corporate management and the greater competitiveness for limited and highly skilled workers. Human resources take active role in economics scenario of any counter. The abundant physical resources alone cannot benefit the growth of the country, without human resource component which transform physical resources into productive resources. The key element in this position is that the value, attitude, general orientation and quality of the people of a nation determine its economic development. So efforts should be made to develop the human beings for the effective function of an organization. Organization and individual should develop and progress simultaneously for the survival and attainment of mutual goals, so the management has to develop the organization through developing the human resources. The concept of human development assumes immense importance as human resource development plays a vital role in meeting the challenging requirements of highly skilled and computer human resources due to

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globalization. Human resources management is a relatively modem label for the range of themes and practices involved in managing people. Stress can destroy the mental stability of any individual. So be it a kid, corporate man or a housewife we all deal with stress and its management during our walk of life. It is basically a condition that makes us uncomfortable. Stress could be due to various reasons like financial crunch, job loss, emotional and any other personal reasons. It has a negative impact on the productivity of an individual and within no time interest levels dip. People stay occupied with some thoughts and getting out of it becomes difficult. At times people do not know that they could be in a position of life threatening stress. Stress could bring with itself a whole set of life style diseases like B.P, diabetes and lack of sleep. In an attempt to get relief from such conditions people try to treat the individual elements. However, they miss on the central root cause of reducing or treating the stress. It is imperative to understand that stress can never be eliminated it can only be reduced. Too much stress can be life threatening and at the same time some stress is essential to drive performance. The man try is to manage stress in right manner. Stress can be managed in a number of ways. Some of the ways to manage stress includes - playing a sport, exercise, yoga or indulging into music. However, this is by no means a exhaustive list of activities. There is no right or wrong ways to produce stress. The core puipose isperfonning a set of activities that can keep people busy and at the same time help in stress reduction. In order to get the best result people should have follow discipline in life. The best way to avoid stress at work and in personal life is to be positive in attitude. Things take time and the winner never quits. Keep trying and put your full efforts and leave the result to the destiny. Stress can be managed if some efforts are made in a smart manner. More people across the world are falling prey to stress. They are investing heavily in medicinal treatments. However, not realizing that the best way to manage it naturally. Therefore make an attempt to discover the healthy change.

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STRESS MANAGEMENT IN PORT TRUST: As per the data collected in port trust stress is managed by various techniques like conducting to tournaments, yoga, meditation etc., and these are few more techniques complemented in port trust. •

Game like volleyball, cricket and chess etc. Tournaments are conducted by port management and encourages employee by awarding prizes to the winners. This is one of the techniques to decrease the stress level of the employees.

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Free yoga classes are conducted to the employees in office premises after office hours. Yoga is one of the best ways to reduce stress and even recommended by doctors. Yoga makes the body and mind to takes rest and even helps for betterment of health of the employees. By this way the levels of stress will also be decreased.

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Visakhapatnam port trust also ensures free classes for health protection. Mainly these classes consist of educating employees about daily exercises, meditations.

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Cooperation among the employee is good instrument to reduce stress. For this management and employee should work with hand in hand which is always welcomed by port management.

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NEED FOR STUDY Stress is a part of day-to-day living of every individual. The college students may experience stress in meeting the academic demands, people on the job, business men may suffer stress to reach office in time and to complete the projects on time and even the house hole ladies may experience stress in managing the home affairs and to look for the maid servant. The reasons for the stress differ from person to person. The stress people experience should not be necessarily treated as harmful. An optimum amount of stress can always act as an energizer or motivator and propel people to apply the efforts and complete the work. But a high level of stress can be serious threat to the personality trails of the individual and can cause physiological and social problems.

Stress can be managed in a number of ways. Some of the ways to manage stress includes - playing a sport, exercise, yoga or indulging into music. However, this is by no means a exhaustive list of activities. There is no right or wrong ways to produce stress. The core purpose is performing a set of activities that can keep people busy and at the same time help in stress reduction. In order to get the best result people should have follow discipline in life. The best way to avoid stress at work and in personal life is to be positive in attitude. Things take time and the winner never quits. Keep trying and put your full efforts and leave the result to the destiny. Stress can be managed if some efforts are made in a smart manner. More people across the world are falling prey to stress. They are investing heavily in medicinal treatments. However, not realizing that the best way to manage it naturally. This particular study about Work Stress Management is restricted with in the organization. The study is conducted on the employees of the organization. This is not because of non-availability of resources but the nature of the study itself restricts it. It studies the existence or non - existence of stress among the employees in the organization and identifies the factors which are contributing for stress (If any). It also provides the various steps adopted by the organization for managing the work stress of the employees, which can be used as future reference for decision-making and policy making with regard to the employees. This study reveals the morale of the employees.

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As we have seen, positive stress adds anticipation and excitement to life, and weall thrive under a certain amount of stress. Deadlines, competitions,confrontations, and even o ur frustrations and sorrows add depth andenrichment to our lives. Our goal is not to eliminate stress but to learn how to manage it and how to use it to help us. Insufficient stress acts as a depressant and may leave us feeling bored or dejected; on the other hand, excessive stress may leave us feeling "tied up in knots." What we need to do is find the optimal level of stress, which will individually motivate but not overwhelm each of us Therefore, understanding the importance of the managing stress, I decided to a study on stress management.

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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY •

The objective of the study is to identify the existence of work stress in the organization.

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To identify the factors that causes Stress.

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To analyze the effect of stress in the job and personal life of the employees.

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To study the strategies to reduce the stress in the employees.

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To analyze if the level of stress that employees are going through.

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To find out the methods and techniques to reduce stress.

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METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY Research methodology is away to systematically solve the research problem. It may be understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically. The study carries on various steps that are generally adopted in studying the research problem with the logic behind them. The research methodology of my survey deals about why a research study has been undertaken, how the research problem has been defined, in what way and why hypothesis has been formulated, what data have been collected and what particular method has been adopted, why particular technique of analyzing data has been used. The details are explained clearly one after another in the following way

TYPE OF RESEARCH: Descriptive type of research is carried for my study, because It includes surveys and fact finding enquires of different kinds the major purpose of this research is description of the state affairs as it exist at present.

PRIMARY DATA: The primary data has been gathered through interactions with the employees working in the division. Some important information has been gathered through couple of instructed interviews.lt is collected through the following methods.

• QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN: The questionnaire was carefully designed to collect the responses from the employees with regard to the stress management followed by the employees. It consists of 25 questions. For each question ever employee have to fill with the help of the five

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options given.

• SAMPLE SIZE: Visakhapatnam port trust is an organization with around 4000 employees due to which there were practical problems covering all employees. The sample size for my study is 100. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY •

The study is conducted within the time constraint of 8 weeks.

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An important limitation was the area of the study which covers only TECTONIC ENGG.CO., Vishakhapatnam.

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Findings of the report are based on the information given by the employees; therefore there may be a bias in their information.

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The employees were not willing to disclose their views openly.

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Sample for the study taken is of only 55 employees. This can also act as a constraint in the study.

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As each company threats certain data as confidential , some information was not revealed

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CHAPTER-II > INDUSTRY PROFILE > COMPANY PROFILE

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COMPANY PROFILE

Tectonic Engineering Company is one of the major companies in handling large scale projects at various locations, engaged in providing primary as well as tertiary project services. It is established in 1989 managed by professionals with a mission and passion for handling major projects with ease. Tectonic has handled major projects in alliance with Navayuga Engineering, L&T, GMR and so on, with 25 yrs of industry experience today they handle projects of public sector companies like Vizag Steel, BHVP. Our effort to provide quality work with compassion has rewarded us with the honor of being the top project handling company in Andhra Pradesh. Despite the intense competition and intense marketing tactics employed by multiple commercial corporate organizations, Tectonic has carved a niche for itself by garnering the best reputation amongst the major infrastructure companies.

VISION New improvements in the methods of communication will enable us to handle projects effectively.

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INDUSTRY PROFILE: INTRODUCTION The construction industry of India is one of the oldest industries providing ample employment to the people from village level to metropolitan cities. The size of construction industry ranges from small company owned by one or two individuals to a large industry employing thousands of people. In the present work inherent nature of construction industry have been discussed and concluded that it is infrastructure or capital formation industry, which directly and indirectly uses capital goods and all other types of resources. Like any other business, failure of construction companies is also very common. The issue has also been overviewed. Incompetence, lack of experience, newness, smallness and financial handicap are the few reasons cited for such failures. It has been concluded that lessons should be learnt from failures as success is never final and failure is never fatal. It is the courage of management that counts. At last it is not failure but low aim is a crime. HISTORY OF CONSTRUTION INDUSTRY: Construction industry is one of the oldest and largest industry in unorganized sector providing ample employment to the people. Before the Independence, the construction activity in India was confined to dwellings, religious places like mosques and temples etc. at individual and community level, with some traditional techniques which are still being used in some parts of our country. The Taj Mahal and Lal Quila are the legendary example of competence of Indian talent in the field of construction. The history of organized construction practice in India can be traced back to around 1847 AD when Lord Dalhousie established the public works department, called PWD today, to construct civil engineering structures like road, small dams etc. The department worked successfully for 100 years . In 1947, the Independent India decided to launch a mammoth multipurpose river valley project, called Bhakhra nangal dam on the river Sutlej in the north west India for irrigation and power generation at a cost of rs.7750 lakhs in 1952 which amounts today approx. more than Rs.100,000cr.

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In first five year plan in which 50% of capital outlay was allocated to construction of civil works. The evolution of Indian construction industry has followed the same general pattern as happened in other countries, initially founded by the govt. and slowly taken over by small and big enterprises. During execution of Bhakra Nangal project Indian govt. realized need of professional competence in the field of construction and the first professional consultancy company National Industrial Development Corportation (NIDC) was established in the public sector in 1954. Subsequently number of companies in design and construction came into existence like Indian Railways construction Ltd.(IRCON), National building construction corporation (NBCC), Rail India transport and engg. Services (RITES) and in private M N Dastur&co. Hindustan construction company are the name worth to be mentioned. In late 60’s govt. allowed foreign collaborations in these services. These services guidelines were prepared in year 1968 with binding that local consultant would be the principal contractor in such cases. The objective was to develop indigenous design capabilities comparable to in flown foreign technology and skills. The outcome of this strategy was establishment of joint ventures in India. CONSTRUCTIONS AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: For any developing country like India development of infrastructure is the prerequisite for the economic progress of the country. To achieve this objective optimized construction is the need of the hour as capital is a scarce resource. CONSUMERS OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: Following are the consumers of construction industry. An individual Group Housing Societies Centre, State, Local Govt. and development authorities. Corporate sector. Other countries at International level. The main organs of construction industry other than the consumer. The owner

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The consultant The contractor THE OWNER: Civil engineering and mechanical engg. products are usually cost intensive. Any investor or promoter is worried about 2 things. Firstly the investor is worried about the rate of return. Secondly, the patterns of cash flow. The ideal situation will be high and early return.i.e.on what date hwat amount is required and from where the sane will be arranged. The owner or promoter may be an individual, a govt.authority, a govt. dept. ,a corporate house etc.

THE CONSULTANT: In these projects architect,engineer,project manager and chartered accountant usually form the panel of consultants. These persons advise the owner on the basis of their knowledge, experience. The basic function of an engineer is to design and do necessary permutation and combination to optimize the solution.

THE CONTRACTOR: The contractor translates the blueprint into reality with the helpof work force and material. The practice of contractor ship in civil engg. Is perhaps as old as civil engg. Itself. A poorly written contract agreement is always a good cause of bone of contention. In contracts, one should seek a help of a legal expert.

REGULATORY BODIES RELATED WITH CONSTRUCTION:

These related with any business can be classified into 2 broad categories viz. general and specific. Income tax, labour court, labour union, electricity board are the departments which every business organization has to deal, fall in general category. Every

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organization should be well versed with the rules, regulations written and unwritten laws of these departments.

The regulatory bodies specific to construction at local level are following Local development authority Pollution control board Water works and conservancy Local police.

MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION: Any construction activity is basically a manufacturing process. So the decision making people are very few. Any delay in on-spot decisions, increases the cost and hampers the progress of construction. Such complexities lead to a managerial challenge. It doesn’t mean management problems of construction are entirely different from other management problems. Like any other industry, construction industry is also experiencing cutthroat competition. Products and services of construction industry also face temporal variation in demand and supply. Such conditions necessitate the learning of managerial practice specific to construction. Today skilled management is necessary for the survival of construction industry.

FAILURES OF CONSTRUCTION COMPANY: Dun& Bradstreet (1985-1994) have studied the failure of construction company for many years. They list the following reasons for the failures. Incompetence Unbalanced experience Lack of managerial experience Lack of experience in particular line

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Neglect Fraud Disaster Reasons unknown THE CONSTRUCTION MANAGERS: He is the most critical resource in implementation phase of the project. He is supposed to discharge basic functions like organizing, staffing, directing, planning and controlling. A good performance of construction manager is necessary for the growth, development and success of construction company. The construction managers should also be capable of handling crisis and contingencies at site. Managers should be well equipped to deal with such emergencies. To deal with such contingencies collective effort is needed.

SWOT Analysis Strengths x Good Quality & affordable services x

Highly qualified Engineers.

x A strong presence in good quality and advanced methods. Engineers also have a high success rate in handling new techniques. x

Ethical work with compassion

Weakness x High attrition rates among the workers to western countries and competitors due to high salaries offered x Higher investment required for providing training to keep the quality services

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Opportunities x Increasing environment friendly nature among the people in the locality. x Lack of quality resources: in India on every 1000 persons there are 0.3 civil & 0.8 mechanical engineers. x Improving income by: – Improving our efficiency – Becoming more advanced in using machinery techniques Threats x High competition prevails in the industry. x High Engineering equipment accounts for 40%-50% of the total expenditure of company. x Financial and human resources shortages.

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FUTURE GROWTH PROSPECTS x Upgrade its education and Research wing on par with the international standards and consequently move to remote areas for under developed and developing areas. x Register a phenomenal growth by adding some more site locations in the next five years. x Offer unique platform to various partners and collaborators, both national and international, coverage systems like microfinance/ micro insurance and research. x To develop economic friendly techniques that suits our population. x To compromise the obsolete and seek excellence through effective and up-to-date technology and service.

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CHAPTER-III > THEORETICAL FRAME WORK OF THE STUDY

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CHAPTER-IV > DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION

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CHAPTER 4 4. DATA ANAYALYSIS & INTERPRETATION 4.1 AGE WISE CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES TABLE 1 Age (in Years)

S.no 1 2 3 4

No Of Respondents

21-30 31-40 41-50 >50 Total

Percentage(%) 22 30 13 10 75

29 40 17 14 100

GRAPH SHOWING AGE WISE CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES

GRAPH 1 ANALYSIS: It is observed from the table and graph that 26% of the respondents are between (31-40) yrs, 22% of the respondents are between (41-50) yrs, 23% of the respondents are above 50 years and 29% of the respondents are between (21-30) yrs. INTERPRETATION: From the above table and graph it’s evident that company has a proper age mix of employees

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4.2 GENDER WISE CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES TABLE 2

S.NO

NO OF PERCENTAGE GENDER RESPONDENTS % 1 Male 42 55 2 Female 33 45 Total 75 100

GRAPH SHOWING GENDER WISE CLASSIFICATIONS GENDER

GRAPH 2

ANALYSIS: It is found from the survey that 55% of the respondents are male and 45% of the respondents are female. INTERPRETATION: It can be observed from the information available majority of the respondents are male.

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4.3 EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES TABLE 3 S.NO

QUALIFICATION

1

Technical

NO OF RESPONDENTS 15

PERCENTAGE

2

Graduate

25

43%

3

PG

15

27%

Total

55

100

30%

GRAPH SHOWING EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES GRAPH 3

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15 1 Technical 2 Graduate 3 PG 25

ANALYSIS: It is evident from the survey that 27 % of the respondents are post graduates, 43% of the respondents have graduation,17% technically qualified, remaining respondents done only Sslc. INTERPRETATION: From data information collected regarding the educational qualifications of employees most of them are either graduate or pg holders.

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4.4: WORK EXPERIENCE WITH TECTONIC ENGG.CO. PVT LTD TABLE 4

S.NO

NO. OF YEARS OF NO. OF EXPERIENCE RESPONDENTS

PERCENTA GE

1

3-5 yrs

18

30%

2

5-10 yrs

21

43%

3

>10 yrs

16

27%

4

Total

75

100%

GRAPH SHOWING WORK EXPERIENCE WITH TECTONIC ENGG.CO. PVT LTD GRAPH 4

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18 1 3-5 yrs 2 5-10 yrs 21

3 >10 yrs

ANALYSIS: It is found from the survey that 27% of the respondents have more than 10 years of experience, 43% of the respondents have (5-10) yrs of experience remaining 27% of the respondents have less than 5 years of experience. INTERPRETATION: Most of the respondents have 5-10 years of long association with the organization, which means company’s retention policy is good.

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4.5: PHYSICAL WORKING CONDITION OF THE ORGANIZATION TABLE 5 PERCENTAG E

S.NO

SATISFACTION

1

Highly satisfied

NO OF RESPONDENTS 16

2

Satisfied

21

28%

3

Neutral

20

26%

4

Dissatisfied

11

15%

5

Highly dissatisfied

7

10%

21%

Total 75 100% GRAPH SHOWING SATISFACTION OF EMPLOYEES ABOUT PHYSICAL WORKING CONDITION 10% 15% 26%

Highly satisfied

21%

Satisfied Neutral

28%

Dissatisfied

Highly dissatisfied

ANALYSIS: It is found from the survey that 27 respondents are satisfied with the physical working condition of the organization. 26% of the respondents are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with the physical working condition of the organization, 21% of the respondents are highly satisfied with the physical working condition of the organization, 10% of the respondents are highly dissatisfied with physical condition provided and 15% respondents are dissatisfied with physical working condition of the organization. INTERPRETATION: There is mixed response regarding the satisfaction of respondents about physical working condition at the organization.

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4.6 PAY PACKAGE PROVIDED BY THE ORGANIZATION TABLE 6 S.NO

SATISFACTION

PERCENTAGE

Highly satisfied

NO OF RESPONDENTS 22

1 2

Satisfied

17

23%

3

Neutral

17

23%

4

Dissatisfied

8

10%

5

Highly dissatisfied

11

15%

Total

75

100%

29%

GRAPH SHOWING SATISFACTION ABOUT PAY PACKAGE PROVIDED GRAPH 6

PAY PACKAGE 15%

Highly satisfied

29%

10%

Satisfied Neutral

23%

Dissatisfied

23%

Highly dissatisfied

PAY PACKAGE ANALYSIS: It is evident from the survey that 22 of the employees are highly satisfied with the pay scale provided, 17 of the respondents are satisfied with their pay scale, 17 of them are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, 8 of them are highly dissatisfied, and 11 of the respondents are dissatisfied with the pay scale provided. INTERPRETATION: More than half of the respondents are either highly satisfied or satisfied which means companies pay policy is satisfactory. Which means their pay policy is good.

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4.7: OPINION ABOUT THE JOB TABLE 7 S.NO

OPINION

PERCENTAGE

Challenging

NO OF RESPONDENTS 9

1 2

Interesting

21

28%

3

Routine

12

16%

4

Boring

17

23%

5

monotonous

16

21%

Total

75

100%

12%

GRAPH SHOWING OPINION ABOUT THE JOB

ANALYSIS: It is observed from the survey that 28% of the respondents feel the job interesting, 23% of them feel it boring, 17% of the respondent feel it routine, 23% of them feel it boring and 8% of them feel it challenging. INTERPRETATION: Most of the respondents feel their job is interesting. Significant no of respondents even feel it’s boring

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4.8 ARE YOU FEELING WORK OVERLOAD TABLE 8 S.NO 1 2 3 4 5

NO OF PERCENTAG RESPONDENTS E 13 17% 21 28% 18 24% 17 23% 6 8% 75 100%

OPINION Strongly Agree Agree Undecided Disagree Strongly Disagree Total

Graph Showing Response Regarding Work Overload Graph 8

ANALYSIS: It is observed from the survey that 17% of the respondents are overloaded with work, 24% left it undecided and 23% of the respondents say that they are not overloaded with work. INTERPRETATION: Half of the respondents say they feel work overload in their job, even this may be he one of the factors which is causing stress among the employees

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4.9 ARE YOU FEELING STRESSED IN JOB? TABLE 9

S NO 1 2

NO OF PREFERENCE RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE Yes 49 65% No 26 35% Total 75 100%

GRAPH SHOWING STRESS IN JOB GRAPH 9

ANALYSIS: It is evident from the survey that 65% of the respondents suffer stress and 35% of the respondents do not suffer stress. INTERPRETATION: it is concluded that most of the respondents feel stressed at work place

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4.10 STRESS CAUSING FACTORS AMONG EMPLOYEES TABLE 10

S NO 1

FACTORS Role overload

2 3

NO OF RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAG E

30

40%

Role under load

23

31%

Inter personal relationships Total

22 75

29% 100%

GRAPH SHOWING STRESS CAUSING FACTORS AMONG EMPLOYEES GRAPH 10

ANALYSIS: It is observed from the survey that for 40% of the respondents feel that role overload is the major stress causing factor; 31 % feel that role under load is reason and then 29% feel that poor inter personal relationships causes stress Interpretation: It is observed from the survey that for most of the respondents of all the level of employees role overload is the major stress causing factor; the second place goes to the role under load and then comes the inter personal relationship.

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4.11 KIND OF STRESS IN JOB TABLE 11 S NO

OPINION

1

Mental

NO OF RESPONDENTS 23

PERCENTAGE

2

Physical

22

29%

3

Both

30

40%

Total

75

100%

31%

GRAPH SHOWING KIND OF STRESS IN JOB GRAPH 11

31% 40% 1 Mental 2 Physical 3 Both

29% ANALYSIS: It is found from the survey that 31% of them suffer physical stress, 29% of them suffer mental stress and the remaining of them suffers from both the stress. INTERPRETATION: from this information we can tell majority of the respondents feel both types of stresses i.e. physical and psychological.

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4.12 LEVEL OF STRESS TABLE 12 S.NO

NO OF RESPONDENTS 18

PERCENTAGE

1

LEVEL OF STRESS Very high

2

High

17

23%

3

Moderate

11

14%

4

Low

18

24%

5

Very low

11

15%

Total

75

100%

24%

GRAPH SHOWING LEVEL OF STRESS GRAPH 12

15% 24% 1 Very high 2 high 3 moderate 4 low 24%

5 Very low 23% 14%

ANALYSIS: It is found from the survey that 14% of the respondents have moderate level of stress, 23% of the respondents have high level of stress, and only 15% of the respondents have very low level of stress. INTERPRETATION: Half of the respondents feel that their stress levels are either high or very high while performing job.

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4.13 KIND OF INCONVENIENCE TABLE 13 S.NO

INCONVENIEN CE

1

headache

NO OF RESPONDENTS 18

PERCENTA GE

2

Blood pressure

9

12%

3

Digestive problem

17

23%

4

Hyper tension

18

24%

5

Nervousness

13

17%

Total

75

100%

24%

GRAPH SHOWING KIND OF INCONVENIENCE GRAPH 13

ANALYSIS: It is observed from the survey that 24% suffer from headache and hypertension ,23% digestive problem , 17% nervousness due to stress INTERPRETATION: It can be concluded from the data that most of the respondents suffer from headache and hypertension and second comes the digestive problem due to stress, then comes the nervousness and only less percentage of the respondents suffer from nervousness and digestive problems.

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4.14 IS STEPS TAKEN BY ORGANIZATION TO MANAGE ARE GOOD? TABLE 14 S NO

OPINION

1

Yes

NO OF PERCENTAGE RESPONDENT S 38 51%

2

No

37

49%

Total

75

100%

GRAPH SHOWING OPINION REGARDING STEPS TAKEN BY ORGANIZATION TO MANAGE STRESS GRAPH 14

Yes 37

38

No

ANALYSIS: It is evident from the survey that 51% of the respondents agrees that their organization is helping them in overcoming stress, and the 49% of them are not satisfied with the help provided by the organization to overcome stress. INTERPRETATION: there is a mixed response regarding organizations steps to combat the stress on the employees

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4.15 PROGRAMS THAT COULD BE ADABTED TO MANAGE STRESS TABLE 15

S.NO

OPINION

NO OF RESPONDENTS

PERCENTA GE

1

Employee counseling

15

20%

2

Effective t&d program

9

12%

3

Work groups

17

23%

4

Health clubs

18

24%

5

Autonomous

3

4%

6

Transport subsidy Total

13 75

17% 100%

GRAPH SHOWING PROGRAMS THAT CLOUD BE ABATED TO MANAGE STRESS GRAPH 15

ANALYSIS: : It is observed from the survey 20% of them recommend employee counseling,12% of them need effective training, 23% need work groups, 24% need health groups, and the remaining need transport subsidy INTERPRETATION: From information available, majority of the employees feel that employee counseling is most preferred way to cope up with stress.

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4.16 OPINION ABOUT COUNSELING TO REDUCE THE STRESS TABLE 16 S.NO 1 2 3 4 5

OPINION Strongly Agree Agree Undecided Disagree Strongly Disagree

NO OF RESPONDENTS 13 20 18 17

PERCENTAGE 17% 27% 24% 23%

7 75

9% 100%

GRAPH SHOWING OPINION ABOUT COUNSELING TO REDUCE STRESS GRAPH 16

ANALYSIS: From the above we can find that17% of them strongly agree that counseling can overcome stress,27% of them agree that they can overcome stress through counseling, 24% of them don‟t have any idea, 28% disagree and the remaining strongly disagree. INTERPRETATION: there is a positive response regarding counseling as stress reducing tool

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4.17 ORGANIZATION POLICIES AND PROCEDURES ARE STRESS FREE S.NO

OPINION

PERCENTAGE

Highly accepted

NO OF RESPONDENTS 13

1 2

accepted

21

28%

3

Not accepted

18

24%

4

Highly not accepted

23

31%

total

75

100%

17%

GRAPH SHOWING OPINION ON ORGANIZATIONAL POLICIES AND PROCEDURES GRAPH 17

17% 31% 1 Highly accepted 2 accepted 3 Not accepted 4 Highly not accepted 28%

24% ANALYSIS: It is observed from the survey that 28% of them have accepted that organization policies are stress free, 24% of them have not accepted it, 31% of them have highly not accepted that their organization policy stress free. INTERPRETATION: It can be concluded from the survey that most of the respondents don’t accept that the company’s policies are stress free

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4.18 BEST INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE STRESS TABLE 18 S.NO

OPINION

NO OF RESPONDENTS 23

PERCENTAGE

1 2

Relaxation techniques Time management

21

28%

3

T&d

18

24%

4

Working

13

17%

Total

75

100%

31%

GRAPH SHOWING BEST INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE STRESS GRAPH 18

17% 31% 1 Relaxation techniques 2 Time management 3T& d 4 Working

24%

28%

ANALYSIS: It is observed from the survey that most of the respondents 31% says that relaxation techniques, 28% of them need time management,24% says that training is the best intervention,17% says working intervention is the best thing to overcome stress. INTERPRETATION: from the above data T&D , relaxation are best interventions to reduce stress

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4.19 GOOD INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP RESULTS IN BETTER STRESS MANAGEMENT TABLE 19 OPINION Strongly agree

NO OF RESPONDENTS 12

PERCENTAGE 16%

Agree

20

27%

Neutral

19

25%

Disagree

17

23%

Strongly agree

7

9%

Total

75

100%

GRAPH SHOWING OPINION ABOUT GOOD INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP RESULTS IN BETTER STRESS MANAGEMENT STATEMENT GRAPH 19

ANALYSIS: From the above we can find that 16% of them strongly agree that good interpersonal relationship leads to better stress management , 28% of them agree, 24% of them say don’t have any idea, 28% disagree. INTERPRETATION: Majority of the respondents feel that good interpersonal relationships will help in managing stress in a better way

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4.20 OPINION ABOUT STRESS LEVEL IN NIGHT SHIFT VS DAY SHIFT TABLE 20 S.no 1 2 3 4 5

NO OF RESPONDENTS 13 21 18 17 6 75

OPINION Very high High moderate Low Very low Total

PERCENTAGE 17% 28% 24% 23% 8% 100%

GRAPH SHOWING OPINION ABOUT STRESS LEVEL IN NIGHT SHIFT VS DAY SHIFT GRAPH 20

PERCENTAGE 8%

17% Very high High

23%

moderate 28%

Low Very low

24%

ANALYSIS: : From the above we can find that17% of them strongly agree that they have stress in night shift, 28% of them agree that they have stress in night shifts,24% of them don‟t have any idea, 28% disagree that they do not have any stress in night shift. INTERPRETATION: from the response we can conclude that stress levels are high in night shift compared to day shift

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4.21 FAMILY FACTOR WHICH INFLUENCE STRESS TABLE 21 OPINION

NO OF RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE

Dependent

23

31%

Illness

22

29%

Financial position

15

20%

Other problems

15

20%

Total

75

100%

GRAPH SHOWING FAMILY FACTOR WHICH INFLUENCE STRESS GRAPH 21 35% 31% 30%

29%

25% 20%

20%

20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Dependent Illness Financial position Other problems ANALYSIS: It is found from the survey that 31% of them says dependents influence stress, 29% says that illness influence stress, 20% of them says that financial as well as other problem influence stress. INTERPRETATION: majority of the respondents feel that illness and dependents will cause more stress compared to financial position. This gives the opinion that dependent and personal problems will create more stress in the employee.

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4.22 PERSONAL FACTOR INFLUENCING STRESS TABLE 22 OPINION perception

NO OF RESPONDENTS 15

PERCENTAGE 20%

Attitude

22

29%

Health condition

15

20%

personality

23

31%

Total

75

100%

GRAPH SHOWING PERSONAL FACTOR INFLUENCING STRESS GRAPH 22 35% 31%

29%

30% 25% 20%

20%

20% 15%

Percentage

10% 5% 0% perception

Attitude

Health personality condition ANALYSIS: It is found from the survey that 15 of them says perception influence stress, 22 says that attitude influence stress, 15 of them says that health condition influence stress, and the remaining says that personality influence stress. INTERPRETATION: most of the respondents feel that attitude and personality influences the stress.

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4.23 WAYS OF SPENDING WEEKEND TABLE 23 Opinion Going to Movies Get Together Visit Friends Music Classes Any Other (Specify) Total

No of respondents 21 13 18 17 6 75

Percentage 28% 17% 24% 23% 8% 100%

GRAPH SHOWING RESPONDENTS WAYS TO SPENDING WEEKEND GRAPH 23

30% 25% 20% 15% 10%

28%

24%

Percentage

23%

17%

5%

8%

0% Going to Get Movies Together

Visit Friends

Music Classes

Any Other (Specify)

ANALYSIS: From the above we can find that 28% of them would like to go to movies, 17% would like a get together, 24% would like to visit friends/relatives, and 23% would like to go to music class.

INTERPRETATION: most of the respondents spend their weekends either by going to movies or visiting friends or relatives home.

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CHAPTER-V > SUMMARY > FINDINGS > SUGGESTIONS

45

SUMMARY Stress management is the amelioration of stress and especially chronic stress often for the purpose of improving everyday functioning. Stress produces numerous symptoms which vary according to persons, situations and severity. These can include physical health decline as well as depression. Managing stress is all about taking charge. Taking charge of your thoughts, your emotions your schedule, your environment and the way you deal with problems. The ultimate goal is a balanced life, with time for work, relationship, regulation, and fun-plus the resilience to hold up under pressure and meet challenges head on. Stress can destroy the mental stability of any individual. So be it a kid, corporate man or a housewife we all deal with stress and its management during our walk of life. It is basically a condition that makes us uncomfortable. Stress could be due to various reasons like financial crunch, job loss, emotional and any other personal reasons. Organizational life is quite stressful. Work pressures, tight schedules, meetings that never seem to end on time, unhelpful colleagues, critical bosses, incompetent subordinates and a host of other irritating factors may all have a cumulative effect in making the lives of modern-day executives quite miserable. As we all know stress is the body's reaction to any demand made on it. Perceptions of events, whether positive or negative, activate stress. It is, therefore, a highly individual affair. Mild stress may improve productivity. It may force people to focus more sharply on the problem and produce solutions. It can lead to poor performance on the job, 46

excessive use of alcohol or other drugs, poor attendance or even overall poor health. In fact, there is growing evidence that undue stress is related to the diseases that are major cause of death-coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, cancer, cirrhosis and also suicide. It has a negative impact on the productivity of an individual and within no time interest levels dip. People stay occupied with some thoughts and getting out of it becomes difficult. At times people do not know that they could be in a position of life threatening stress. Stress could bring with itself a whole set of life style diseases like B.P, diabetes and lack of sleep. In an attempt to get relief from such conditions people try to treat the individual elements. However, they miss on the central root cause of reducing or treating the stress. It is imperative to understand that stress can never be eliminated it can only be reduced. Too much stress can be life threatening and at the same time some stress is essential to drive performance. The man try is to manage stress in right manner. Stress can be managed in a number of ways. Some of the ways to manage stress includes - playing a sport, exercise, yoga or indulging into music. However, this is by no means a exhaustive list of activities. There is no right or wrong ways to produce stress. The core purpose is performing a set of activities that can keep people busy and at the same time help in stress reduction. In order to get the best result people should have follow discipline in life. The best way to avoid stress at work and in personal life is to be positive in attitude. Things take time and the winner never quits. Keep trying and put your full efforts and leave the result to the destiny. Stress can be managed if some efforts are made in a smart manner. More people across the world are falling prey to stress. They are investing heavily in medicinal treatments. However, not realizing that the best way to manage it naturally. Therefore make an attempt to discover the healthy change. Stress is the way we react, physically or emotionally, to change. Stress may be a positive or negative force. Stress may be mild or severe. The level of uncertainty and the degree of importance will determine the amount of stress one feels. The greater importance and the higher the level of uncertainty, the higher the level of stress. The 47

duration and severity of stress is dependent on how powerful the causes are and how long the causes continue. People react to stress in three basic ways. They may elect to avoid the stress and hope whatever is causing the stress goes away, they may resist stress by becoming very defensive, or they may choose to confront and/or adapt to the stress. If the cause is something we cannot change, one may choose to adapt to the change as a means of resisting the stress. One may also confront the stress and address the real cause to find resolution. Sometimes it is clear where stress is coming from. You can count on stress during a major life change such as the death of a loved one, getting married, or having a baby. But other times it may not be so clear why you feel stressed. It's important to figure out what causes stress for you. Everyone feels and responds to stress differently. Tracking your stress may help. Get a notebook, and write down when something makes you feel stressed. Then write how you reacted and what you did to deal with the stress. Tracking your stress can help you find out v/hat is causing your stress and how much stress you feel. Then you can take steps to reduce the stress or handle it better. To find out how stressed you are right now, use this Interactive Tool: What Is Your Stress Level? How can you avoid stress? Stress is a fact of life for most people. You may not be able to get rid of stress, but you can look for ways to lower it. You might try some of these ideas: • • • •

•

Learn better ways to manage your time. You may get more done with less stress if you make a schedule. Think about which things are most important, and do those first. Find better ways to cope. Look at how you have been dealing with stress. Be honest about what works and what does not. Think about other things that might work better. Take good care of yourself. Get plenty of rest. Eat well. Don't smoke. Limit how much alcohol you drink. Try out new ways of thinking. When you find yourself starting to worry, try to stop the thoughts. Or write down your worries and work on letting go of things you cannot change. Learn to say "no." Speak up. Not being able to talk about your needs and concerns creates stress and can make negative feelings worse. Assertive communication can help you express how you feel in a thoughtful, tactful way. 48

• Ask for help. People who have a strong network of family and friends manage stress better. Sometimes stress is just too much to handle alone. Talking to a friend or family member may help, but you may also want to see a counselor. Workplace stress is the harmful physical and emotional response that occurswhen there is a poor match between job demands and the capabilities,resources, or needs of the worker. Stress-related disorders encompass a broadarray of conditions, including psychological disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety,post-traumatic stress disorder) and other types of emotional strain (e.g.,dissatisfaction, fatigue, tension, etc.), maladaptive behaviors (e.g., aggression,substance abuse), and cognitive impairment (e.g., concentration and memory problems). In turn, these conditions may lead to poor work performance or eveninjury. Job stress is also associated with various biological reactions that maylead ultimately to compromised health, such as cardiovascular disease.Stress is a prevalent and costly problem in today's workplace. About one-third of workers report high levels of stress. One-quarter of employees view their jobs asthe number one stressor in their lives. Three-quarters of employees believe theworker has more on-the-job stress than a generation ago. Evidence alsosuggests that stress is the major cause of turnover in organizations.

Health and Healthcare Utilization Problems at work are more strongly associated with health complaints than are any other life stressor-more so than even financial problems or family problems. Many studies suggest that psychologically demanding jobs that allow employees little control over the work process increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.On the basis of research by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and many other organizations, it is widely believed that job stress increases the risk for development of back and upperextremity musculoskeletal disorders. High levels of stress are associated with substantial increases in health service utilization. Workers who report experiencing stress at work also show excessive health care utilization. In a 1998 study of 46,000 workers, healthcare costs were nearly 50% greater for workers reporting high levels of stress in comparison to "low risk" workers. The increment rose to nearly 150%, an increase of more than $1,700 per person annually, for workers reporting high levels of both stress and depression. Additionally, periods of disability due to job stress tend to be much longer than disability 49

periods for other occupational injuries and illnesses.Causes of Workplace Stress Job stress results from the interaction of the worker and the conditions of work. Views differ on the importance of worker characteristics versus working conditions as the primary cause of job stress. The differing viewpoints suggest different ways to prevent stress at work. According to one school of thought, differences in individual. characteristics such as personality and coping skills are most important in predicting whether certain job conditions will result in stress-in other words, what is stressful for one person may not be a problem for someone else. This viewpoint leads to prevention strategies that focus on workers and ways to help them cope with demanding job conditions. Although the importance of individual differences cannot be ignored, scientific evidence suggests that certain working conditions are stressful to most people. Such evidence argues for a greater emphasis on working conditions as the key source of job stress, and for job redesign as a primary prevention strategy. Personal interview surveys of working conditions, including conditions recognized as risk factors for job stress, were conducted in Member States of the European Union in 1990, 1995, and2000. Results showed a trend across these periods suggestive of increasing work intensity. In 1990, the percentage of workers reporting that they worked at high speeds at least onefourth of their working time was 48%, increasing to 54%in 1995 and to 56% in 2000. Similarly, 50% of workers reported they work against tight deadlines at least one-fourth of their working time in 1990,increasing to 56% in 1995 and 60 % in 2000. However, no change was noted in the period 1995-2000 (data not collected in 1990) in the percentage of workers reporting sufficient time to complete tasks. A substantial percentage of Americans work very long hours. By one estimate, more than 26% of men and more than 11% of women worked 50 hours per week or more in 2000. These figures represent a considerable increase over the previous three decades, especially for women. According to the Department of Labor, there has been anupward trend in hours worked among employed women, an increase in extended work weeks (>40 hours) by men, and a considerable increase in combined working hours among working couples, particularly couples with young children. Workplace Stress Mood and sleep disturbances, upset stomach and headache, and disturbed 50

relationships with family; friends and girlfriends or boyfriends are examples of stressrelated problems. The effects of job stress on chronic diseases are more difficult to see because chronic diseases take a long time to develop and can be influenced by many factors other than stress. Nonetheless, evidence is rapidly accumulating to suggest that stress plays an important role in several types of chronic health problems-especially cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders, and psychological disorders. Prevention A combination of organizational change and stress management is often the most useful approach for preventing stress at work. How to Change the Organization to Prevent Job Stress •Ensure that the workload is in line with workers' capabilities and resources. •Design jobs to provide meaning, stimulation, and opportunities for workers to use their skills. •Clearly define workers' roles and responsibilities. •Give workers opportunities to participate in decisions and actions affecting their jobs. •Improve communications-reduce uncertainty about career development and future employment prospects. •Provide opportunities for social interaction among workers. •Establish work schedules that are compatible with demands and responsibilities outside the job. •Discrimination inside the workplace, (e.g. nationality and language) Positive stress is termed functional stress and incites improved performance. Negative stress is termed dysfunctional and impedes individual or group performance. Negative stress, left unchecked, may show itself physiologically, psychologically, and/or behaviorally. Job-related stress impacts employee satisfaction and performance and tends to decrease job satisfaction. Find a way to relax that works for you Stress management needs to be part of an overall wellness program. The results have proven to add to the health and welfare of the employees and to contribute to the company's health, the bottom line.

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As per the data collected in port trust stress is managed by various techniques like conducting to tournaments, yoga, meditation etc., and these are few more techniques complemented in port trust. •

Game like volleyball, cricket and chess etc. Tournaments are conducted by port management and encourages employee by awarding prizes to the winners. This is one of the techniques

to

decrease the stress level of the employees. •

Free yoga classes are conducted to the employees in office premises after office hours. Yoga is one of the best ways to reduce stress and even recommended by doctors. Yoga makes

the

body and mind to takes rest and even helps for betterment of health of the employees. By this way the levels of stress will also be decreased. •

Visakhapatnam port trust also ensures free classes for health protection. Mainly these classes consist of educating employees about daily exercises, meditations.

•

Cooperation among the employee is good instrument to reduce stress. For this management and employee should work with hand in hand which is always welcomed by port management.

52

BIBLIOGRAPHY

53

ANNEXURE

54

QUESTIONNARIE STRESS MANAGEMENT * NAME: DESIGNATION: DEPARTMENT: 1. Do you think physical environment problem in the work place cause stress? (Temperature, lightening ,gases ,dust) (a)

. Strongly agree

(d). Disagree

(b). Agree

(c). Cannot say

(e). Strongly disagree

2. Do you frequently say the word " I am having hard schedule" at the work place? (a)

Strongly agree

(d). Disagree 3.

(c). Cannot say

(e). Strongly disagree

Do you feel there is a, lack of co-operation in office?

(a). Strongly agree (d). Disagree 4.

(b). Agree

(b). Agree

(c). Cannot say

(e). Strongly disagree

Did improving of working facilities, can reduce the stress?

(a). Strongly agree (d). Disagree

(b). Agree

(c). Cannot say

(e). Strongly disagree

55

5.Did financial motivations reduce the stress? (a). Strongly agree (d). disagree

(b). Agree

(c). Cannot say

(e). Strongly disagree

6. Training and development programs help to cope-up with new technology reduces the stress? (a). Strongly agree (d). Disagree 7.

(c). Cannot say

(e). Strongly disagree

Is lack of communication causes stress?

(a). Strongly agree (d). Disagree 8.

(b). Agree

(b). Agree

(c). Cannot say

(e). Strongly disagree

Do you respond in a positive manner when asked do something for which you lack of

training? (a). Strongly agree (d). Disagree 9. •

(d). Disagree

(e). Strongly disagree

(b). Agree

(c). Cannot say

(e). Strongly disagree

Do you have proactively responded with positive power to stressors?

(a). Strongly agree (d). Disagree 11.

(c). Cannot say

Do you have the personal time you would like each day?

(a). Strongly agree

10.

(b). Agree

(b). Agree

(c). Cannot say

(e). Strongly disagree

If there any mentoring, supporting activities from your higher authorities?

(a). Strongly agree (d). Disagree

(b). Agree

(c). Cannot say

(e). Strongly disagree 56

12.

Are you too busy to develop a creative hobby like gardening, planting etc.?

(a). Strongly agree (d). Disagree

(b). Agree

(c). Cannot say

(e). Strongly disagree

13. Does the job stress effects your family? (a). Strongly agree (d). Disagree 14.

(d). Disagree

(d). Disagree

(d). Disagree

(c). Cannot say

(e). Strongly disagree

(b). Agree

(c). Cannot say

(e). Strongly disagree

(b). Agree

(c). Cannot say

(e). Strongly disagree

Is your need for a particular crutch increasing(smoking, nails, biting)?

(a). Strongly agree (d). Disagree 18.

(b). Agree

Is your job is routine and tedious?

(a). Strongly agree

17.

(e). Strongly disagree

I consider that my work is variable in attaining my organizational goals?

(a). Strongly agree

16.

(c). Cannot say

Is meditation or yoga or physical exercise etc., reduces the stress?

(a). Strongly agree

15.

(b). Agree

(b). Agree

(c). Cannot say

(e). Strongly disagree

My job makes me feel sad?

(a). Strongly agree (d). Disagree

(b). Agree

(c). Cannot say

(e). Strongly disagree

57

19. Rational allocation of work reduces the stress? (a). Strongly agree (b). Agree (c). Cannot say (d). Disagree

(e). Strongly disagree .

'—

20. Do you accept with a healthy attitude circumstances that cannot change? (a). Strongly agree

(b). Agree

(d). Disagree 21.

(e). Strongly disagree

When something forces you to change your life style, do you agree?

(a). Strongly agree

(b). Agree

(d). Disagree 22.

(c). Cannot say

(c). Cannot say

(e). Strongly disagree

I get all information about the events and affairs of the organization which have an effect

on my work? (a). Strongly agree

(b). Agree

(d). Disagree 23.

(e). Strongly disagree

When your superior gives an unexpectedly large project, do you feel stress?

(a). Strongly agree

(b). Agree

(d). Disagree

-

24.

(c). Cannot say

(c). Cannot say

(e). Strongly disagree

Maintain the interpersonal relationship are one of the way to resolving conflicts between

the employees? (a). Strongly agree (d). Disagree

(b). Agree

(c). Cannot say

(e). Strongly disagree

25.1 feel free to discuss my personal and professional problems with my superiors? (a). Strongly agree

(b). Agree

(c). Cannot say (d). Disagree

(e). Strongly disagre

58