Storage Technologies
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EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Storage Networking: Fibre, iSCSI, NAS Graeme Holmes Cristie Data Products Ltd
www.cristie.com
Agenda EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
The Need For SAN Storage Technologies Storage Management
www.cristie.com
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
The Need for SAN
www.cristie.com
The Need for SANEXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE Server consolidation Non-disruptive capacity increase More efficient resource utilisation Reduction in hardware/licencing costs Reduced footprint
www.cristie.com
Current Situation EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE Direct Attached Storage Locally attached disk SCSI protocol
Islands of Storage Available storage on server B cannot be utilised by server A
• Limited, disruptive scalability • High Management Costs • Inflexible
www.cristie.com
DAS - Scalability
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Limited to the servers predetermined capacity External expansion with SCSI is limited to 15 devices per channel 12M Distance limitation
Expensive, disruptive to scale High management costs Still has over/under utilisation issues
www.cristie.com
Centralised storage - NAS
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Network Attached Storage Consolidate File Servers No need to buy servers to add capacity File level storage only Databases require block-level storage Storage traffic moves onto LAN Limited scalability Management
www.cristie.com
Centralised Storage - SAN EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE Dedicated Storage Network optimised for I/O block transfers Centralised storage management Block level storage File & applications
Storage traffic off the LAN Flexible and scalable Any server can have access to any available storage Non-disruptive scalability
www.cristie.com
SAN Benefits
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Grows storage independently of servers Centralised high-availability storage reduces storage management overhead Scalable - Supports thousands of interconnected devices High aggregate bandwidth, multiple paths 2Gig, 4Gig fibre, Gigabit Ethernet
Application clustering possible on wider scale Disaster Recovery
www.cristie.com
SAN - Disaster Recovery EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE To assure continued operations, data can be mirrored within the – • same subsystem • to adjacent subsystem • to a subsystem in a remote location
• Storage mirrored or replicated • Block level transfer
www.cristie.com
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Fibre, iSCSI and NAS
www.cristie.com
Fibre Topologies
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Point-to-point Only two FC devices connected directly together No sharing of media - devices each benefit from total link bandwidth
www.cristie.com
Fibre Topologies EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Arbitrated Loop 127 addresses or 126 devices per loop Blocking, shared media 100MB/sec speed. Lowest cost Fibre protocol
www.cristie.com
Fibre Topologies EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Switched Fabric Connect millions of devices Non-shared media 200MB/sec between nodes
www.cristie.com
Other Protocols
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Methods of connecting FC islands FC-IP: Fibre Channel over TCP/IP – tunnelling protocol that encapsulates and transports FC frames over TCP/IP iFCP: Internet Fibre Channel Protocol – allows connection of FC devices over TCP/IP at any distance
www.cristie.com
Fibre SAN Management EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE Heterogeneous Environments, Shared Storage Management Achieved by: • Port Zoning at the switch level • LUN masking within the storage array. Zones prevent devices outside zone from communicating into zone.
www.cristie.com
Benefits of Fibre SAN EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE Massively scaleable High Performance I/O intensive applications Backup
Centralises management of storage
www.cristie.com
Considerations
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
High hardware and software costs High implementation costs New skills required Distance limitation for Disaster Recovery
www.cristie.com
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
iSCSI A serious alternative?
www.cristie.com
iSCSI - What is it?EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE Final specification approved early 2003 Encapsulates block-level SCSI commands in a TCP/IP frame iSCSI storage NIC connects storage resources over Ethernet A method of creating Storage Networks over IP Two key components Initiator: an iSCSI driver embedded in the server Target: a gateway device that routes data between server & storage
www.cristie.com
iSCSI User
1
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
User issues a request for data to a local server
2
The SCSI command is encapsulated in TCP/IP & transmitted over IP Network IP Network IP packet
Server
IP packet
iSCSI Initiator Adapter
iSCSI Target Adapter
3
5
The packet is decapsulated separating the SCSI commands
The data request is again encapsulated in TCP/IP 4 then returned
www.cristie.com
Storage Device
The SCSI commands are received by the Internal SCSI Controller, and the data is retrieved.
iSCSI Benefits
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Leverages existing investment in technology and skills Relatively low implementation costs Similar speeds to fibre channel 10 Gig Ethernet, 40 Gig announced
No distance limitations
www.cristie.com
Considerations
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Relatively new standard Lower performance than FC Perceived as less secure than fibre channel OK for controlled environments IPSec required for large LAN deployments
www.cristie.com
TCP Off-load EnginesEXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE iSCSI on standard NIC’s Uses CPU for TCP & iSCSI processing
Software iSCSI with TCP offload TCP processing by TOE card
Hardware iSCSI TCP & iSCSI processing by TOE card
www.cristie.com
Off-load Engines
www.cristie.com
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
NAS Where does it fit?
www.cristie.com
NAS
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
File-based storage architecture Resources attach directly to LAN NAS Headers NAS device which uses portion of SAN storage
File Server, Home Directories, image storage etc File level storage only Databases require block-level storage
www.cristie.com
NAS Advantage
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Familiar technology Minimal training
Relatively low-cost way of adding disk space Provides some flexibility Additional units can be easily added
www.cristie.com
Fibre or iSCSI?
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Performance vs Cost High performance requirements for business applications – Implement FC + iSCSI
Existing FC SAN costly to expand – Use iSCSI storage to cater for non-intensive applications, migrate from FC to iSCSI
Reduce Storage TCO Implement iSCSI SAN
www.cristie.com
Storage virtualisation
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Pooling of disparate systems into single consolidated view – a storage pool Removes LUN limitation and resizing issues Also enables snapshotting, replication etc Re-deploy existing storage arrays
In band – Feature rich Out of band – Out of data path
www.cristie.com
Storage Management EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Disparate systems, protocols, vendors leading to Increased management overhead SNIA* developed SMI-S# (Bluefin)
*Storage Networking Industry Association #Storage Management Initiative Specification
www.cristie.com
SMI-S - what is it?
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Create common interface enabling software and hardware work together Common Information Mode (CMI) and Web Based Enterprise Management (WBEM) used to describe common storage models and functions Vendors write interfaces to allow their hw/sw to share data Reduction in number of storage management tools required EMC, HP, IBM, CA, HDS backed
www.cristie.com
Summary
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Fibre SAN Best performance High cost, new skills
iSCSI SAN Simpler implementation Leverage existing investment in technology and skills
Virtualisation Lower storage TCO Improve data availability
NAS Mixed NAS/SAN environments
Storage Management New standards being developed www.cristie.com
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Thank you
www.cristie.com
Storage Networking: Fibre, iSCSI, NAS Graeme Holmes Cristie Data Products Ltd
www.cristie.com
Agenda EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
The Need For SAN Storage Technologies Storage Management
www.cristie.com
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
The Need for SAN
www.cristie.com
The Need for SANEXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE Server consolidation Non-disruptive capacity increase More efficient resource utilisation Reduction in hardware/licencing costs Reduced footprint
www.cristie.com
Current Situation EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE Direct Attached Storage Locally attached disk SCSI protocol
Islands of Storage Available storage on server B cannot be utilised by server A
• Limited, disruptive scalability • High Management Costs • Inflexible
www.cristie.com
DAS - Scalability
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Limited to the servers predetermined capacity External expansion with SCSI is limited to 15 devices per channel 12M Distance limitation
Expensive, disruptive to scale High management costs Still has over/under utilisation issues
www.cristie.com
Centralised storage - NAS
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Network Attached Storage Consolidate File Servers No need to buy servers to add capacity File level storage only Databases require block-level storage Storage traffic moves onto LAN Limited scalability Management
www.cristie.com
Centralised Storage - SAN EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE Dedicated Storage Network optimised for I/O block transfers Centralised storage management Block level storage File & applications
Storage traffic off the LAN Flexible and scalable Any server can have access to any available storage Non-disruptive scalability
www.cristie.com
SAN Benefits
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Grows storage independently of servers Centralised high-availability storage reduces storage management overhead Scalable - Supports thousands of interconnected devices High aggregate bandwidth, multiple paths 2Gig, 4Gig fibre, Gigabit Ethernet
Application clustering possible on wider scale Disaster Recovery
www.cristie.com
SAN - Disaster Recovery EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE To assure continued operations, data can be mirrored within the – • same subsystem • to adjacent subsystem • to a subsystem in a remote location
• Storage mirrored or replicated • Block level transfer
www.cristie.com
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Fibre, iSCSI and NAS
www.cristie.com
Fibre Topologies
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Point-to-point Only two FC devices connected directly together No sharing of media - devices each benefit from total link bandwidth
www.cristie.com
Fibre Topologies EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Arbitrated Loop 127 addresses or 126 devices per loop Blocking, shared media 100MB/sec speed. Lowest cost Fibre protocol
www.cristie.com
Fibre Topologies EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Switched Fabric Connect millions of devices Non-shared media 200MB/sec between nodes
www.cristie.com
Other Protocols
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Methods of connecting FC islands FC-IP: Fibre Channel over TCP/IP – tunnelling protocol that encapsulates and transports FC frames over TCP/IP iFCP: Internet Fibre Channel Protocol – allows connection of FC devices over TCP/IP at any distance
www.cristie.com
Fibre SAN Management EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE Heterogeneous Environments, Shared Storage Management Achieved by: • Port Zoning at the switch level • LUN masking within the storage array. Zones prevent devices outside zone from communicating into zone.
www.cristie.com
Benefits of Fibre SAN EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE Massively scaleable High Performance I/O intensive applications Backup
Centralises management of storage
www.cristie.com
Considerations
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
High hardware and software costs High implementation costs New skills required Distance limitation for Disaster Recovery
www.cristie.com
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
iSCSI A serious alternative?
www.cristie.com
iSCSI - What is it?EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE Final specification approved early 2003 Encapsulates block-level SCSI commands in a TCP/IP frame iSCSI storage NIC connects storage resources over Ethernet A method of creating Storage Networks over IP Two key components Initiator: an iSCSI driver embedded in the server Target: a gateway device that routes data between server & storage
www.cristie.com
iSCSI User
1
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
User issues a request for data to a local server
2
The SCSI command is encapsulated in TCP/IP & transmitted over IP Network IP Network IP packet
Server
IP packet
iSCSI Initiator Adapter
iSCSI Target Adapter
3
5
The packet is decapsulated separating the SCSI commands
The data request is again encapsulated in TCP/IP 4 then returned
www.cristie.com
Storage Device
The SCSI commands are received by the Internal SCSI Controller, and the data is retrieved.
iSCSI Benefits
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Leverages existing investment in technology and skills Relatively low implementation costs Similar speeds to fibre channel 10 Gig Ethernet, 40 Gig announced
No distance limitations
www.cristie.com
Considerations
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Relatively new standard Lower performance than FC Perceived as less secure than fibre channel OK for controlled environments IPSec required for large LAN deployments
www.cristie.com
TCP Off-load EnginesEXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE iSCSI on standard NIC’s Uses CPU for TCP & iSCSI processing
Software iSCSI with TCP offload TCP processing by TOE card
Hardware iSCSI TCP & iSCSI processing by TOE card
www.cristie.com
Off-load Engines
www.cristie.com
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
NAS Where does it fit?
www.cristie.com
NAS
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
File-based storage architecture Resources attach directly to LAN NAS Headers NAS device which uses portion of SAN storage
File Server, Home Directories, image storage etc File level storage only Databases require block-level storage
www.cristie.com
NAS Advantage
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Familiar technology Minimal training
Relatively low-cost way of adding disk space Provides some flexibility Additional units can be easily added
www.cristie.com
Fibre or iSCSI?
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Performance vs Cost High performance requirements for business applications – Implement FC + iSCSI
Existing FC SAN costly to expand – Use iSCSI storage to cater for non-intensive applications, migrate from FC to iSCSI
Reduce Storage TCO Implement iSCSI SAN
www.cristie.com
Storage virtualisation
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Pooling of disparate systems into single consolidated view – a storage pool Removes LUN limitation and resizing issues Also enables snapshotting, replication etc Re-deploy existing storage arrays
In band – Feature rich Out of band – Out of data path
www.cristie.com
Storage Management EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Disparate systems, protocols, vendors leading to Increased management overhead SNIA* developed SMI-S# (Bluefin)
*Storage Networking Industry Association #Storage Management Initiative Specification
www.cristie.com
SMI-S - what is it?
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Create common interface enabling software and hardware work together Common Information Mode (CMI) and Web Based Enterprise Management (WBEM) used to describe common storage models and functions Vendors write interfaces to allow their hw/sw to share data Reduction in number of storage management tools required EMC, HP, IBM, CA, HDS backed
www.cristie.com
Summary
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Fibre SAN Best performance High cost, new skills
iSCSI SAN Simpler implementation Leverage existing investment in technology and skills
Virtualisation Lower storage TCO Improve data availability
NAS Mixed NAS/SAN environments
Storage Management New standards being developed www.cristie.com
EXPERTS IN DATA STORAGE
Thank you
www.cristie.com
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