Stalin's 5 Year Plan

5 Year Plans Fear of attack from capitalist countries •industrial production still low •Russia still behind Britain & France in development Russia not Communist as taught by Karl Marx •peasants owned lands, eg rich kulaks •NEP based on profit making Planned economy •State to control all resources •State to decide on production

Industrialisation develop heavy industries eg iron & steel produce energy - coal, oil & electricity production built communication lines - railways, canals •Set up new industrial cities •built canals to link to ports •increased railway lines •develop mines •dams & power stations •massive building projects

Dnieper Dam 1932 - pride of the 5year Plan

Massive building projects, like this dam was part of the 5 year plan

Civilized life productive work Gustav Klutsis 1931 The message of this poster is directed to members of Komsomol, the communist youth organization. They have to set an example of civilized living and productive working.

Volunteers from youth organisations

1 s t F iv e Y e a r P la n s 75

80 millions of tons

60 40 20

64 coal

3 5 .4 1 1 .7 3 .2

2 1 .7 10

2 1 .4 6 .2

0 1 9 2 7 -8

ta r g e t a c tu a l 1 9 3 2

o il

p ig ir o n

How did Stalin increase production? Targets were set all production had to meet targets propaganda messages Reward

Punishment

Better housing more pay model workers - Stakhnovites

loss of housing labour camp

How to support cost of industrialisation? Where to get labour for industrialisation?

Lebeshev, 1936 We do like Stachanov! Stachanov, a miner achieving incredibly high production figures, is held up as shining example for workers throughout the Soviet Union. Many years later, Soviet authorities admitted that Stachanov was assisted by a team of miners when he performed his heroic feats.

Lyubimov, 1931 With shock labour we will ensure prompt delivery of the giants of the Five Year Plan Workers have to speed up production in order to finish the large factories above in time.

Magnitogorsk - built during the 5 year Plan

What does the source tell you about the 5 Year plan?

Metropolitan Nikolav Dolggorukov 1931

In 1931, the Communist Party decides to the building a subway system in Moscow. The first line is opened for the public in 1935. On the poster, the chaos of traffic in the old center of Moscow in the photomontage left is contrasted with the spaciousness and efficiency in the large drawing.

Underground train station in Moscow as it is now built during Stalin’s era

Sverdlosk in Urals

192 8

1933

Collectivisation •State to take over all farms •Pool small farms together •mechanize farming •decide what crops •all produce will be taken by State •Sell farm produce abroad get capital for industrialisation •with machines - less farm workers, more industrial workers

Effects of Collectivisation Kulaks refusal to hand over farms mass deportation of Kulaks destruction of Kulaks Initially food production fell famine in 1932-33 improved in late 1930s Farms mechanized less farm workers

Crops sold abroad people get less

No freedom of action

Farm workers given health care education opportunities

Peasants admiring the first tractors

a collective farm in Ukraine picture issued by governmen

5 Year Plans : Success or Failure Short Term effects •few consumer goods •workers harshly treated •standard of living worsened •Kulaks destroyed •famine 1932-33

Long Term effects •Russia modernised •industrialised country •more powerful •communications improved •jobs for everyone Economy transformed State controlled all resources & people

pact of 5 year plan -

BENEFIT OR HAR

 By 1940, produced more iron & steel than Britain  3 new industrial centres built east of Ural Mts  increased energy production - dams & electrical plants  massive communications lines - roads, canals, railways  farming was mechanised - more efficient

pact of 5 year plan -

BENEFIT OR HAR

 Unbalanced economy - emphasis on heavy industries, shortage of consumer goods

 shortage of housing  high demands on workers - severe control & punishment

 famine in 1932-33  agricultural production still low  elimination of kulaks  greater control - peasants not given internal passports

How Stalin controlled Russia

USE OF TERROR •purges •secret police •Court & police under Stalin’s control •press control •elimination of religion

PROPAGANDA •cult of Stalin •media reports •posters, banners •education •arts, theatre, films