Rise Of Stalin And 5 Year Plan

Stalin Rise to Power

•Made General Secretary of the Bolshevik party in 1922. •Position as General Secretary allowed Stalin to give supporters posts at all levels of the party. •Head of Control Commission- Had power to control party membership (power to purge or expel members who were considered unreliable) •Led the mourning of Lenin’s funeral and renamed Petrograd to Leningrad

Clashing Ideologies between Stalin and Trotsky ‘Socialism in one Country’

‘Permanent Revolution’

•Believed that for Communism to •Believed that for Communism survive, Russia had to become to survive, Russia had to economically strong. spread revolution elsewhere. •To industrialize Russia as quickly as possible.

•To spend Russia’s resources to overseas ventures.

•Would ensure that Russia enjoy •To continue the momentum of a period of stability, prosperity revolution until it is world-wide and growth. then create a Socialist state. •Popular idea among communist •Not popular among party members who were weary of war members and difficult to and upheavals. understand.

5 Year Plans

Fear of attack from capitalist countries •industrial production still low •Russia still behind Britain & France in development

Russia not Communist as taught by Karl Marx •peasants owned lands, eg rich kulaks •NEP based on profit making Planned economy •State to control all resources •State to decide on production

Industrialisation

develop heavy industries eg iron & steel produce energy - coal, oil & electricity production built communication lines - railways, canals •Set up new industrial cities •built canals to link to ports •increased railway lines •develop mines •dams & power stations •massive building projects

Massive building projects, like this dam was part of the 5 year plan Dnieper Dam 1932 - pride of the 5year Plan

How did Stalin increase production? Targets were set all production had to meet targets propaganda messages Reward

Punishment

Better housing loss of housing more pay labour camp model workers - Stakhnovites How to support cost of industrialisation? Where to get labour for industrialisation?

Collectivisation •State to take over all farms •Pool small farms together •mechanize farming •decide what crops •all produce will be taken by State

•Sell farm produce abroad get capital for industrialisation

•with machines - less farm workers, more industrial workers

Effects of Collectivisation Kulaks refusal to hand over farms mass deportation of Kulaks destruction of Kulaks Initially food production fell famine in 1932-33 improved in late 1930s Farms mechanized less farm workers

Crops sold abroad people get less

No freedom of action

Farm workers given health care education opportunities

5 Year Plans : Success or Failure Short Term effects •few consumer goods •workers harshly treated •standard of living worsened •Kulaks destroyed •famine 1932-33

Long Term effects •Russia modernised •industrialised country •more powerful •communications improved •jobs for everyone Economy transformed State controlled all resources & people

Impact of 5 year plan - BENEFIT OR HARM?

 By 1940, produced more iron & steel than Britain

 3 new industrial centres built east of Ural Mts

 increased energy production - dams & electrical plants

 massive communications lines - roads, canals, railways

farming was mechanised - more efficient

Impact of 5 year plan - BENEFIT OR HARM?

 Unbalanced economy - emphasis on heavy industries, shortage of consumer goods

 shortage of housing  high demands on workers - severe control & punishment

 famine in 1932-33  agricultural production still low  elimination of kulaks  greater control - peasants not given

How Stalin controlled Russia

USE OF TERROR •purges •secret police •Court & police under Stalin’s control •press control •elimination of religion

PROPAGANDA •cult of Stalin •media reports •posters, banners •education •arts, theatre, films