Sports-med-first-aid.docx

Joyce C. Casugbo BPE31

Hiking (without first aid kit) Sprain  

Ice/ Cold water/ Bottled water Cloth/ Shirt

Elevate the foot over the patient’s heart and apply ice to the ankle. If ice is not available, cold water will suffice. Wrap the ankle with a T-shirt. Wrap tightly enough to provide stability, but not so tight that circulation to the toes is cut off. Start from the toes and wrap upward. Insect Bites Prevention:

  

 Use insect repellant cream  Use appropriate clothes Ice Towel/ Shirt Credit Card (stings)

Avoid scratching the area, since this might lead to bleeding and infection. Clean with soap and water. Apply a cool compress or calamine lotion to reduce swelling and itching. Fracture   

Cloth Branches Scissors/ Sharp objects to cut cloth

Apply firm pressure to wound with clean cloth until bleeding stops. Cut away clothing if it cannot be removed without moving the injured body part. Gently tape the dislocated area or fracture to a rolled-up newspaper, ruler, stick, or a rolledup piece of clothing. Cut away clothing if it cannot be removed without moving the injured body part. Gently tape the dislocated area or fracture to a rolled-up newspaper, ruler, stick, or a rolled-up piece of clothing Heat Stroke 

Cloth



Water

Take off any tight or heavy clothing to allow air to circulate around your body. Use a wet buff or cloth, or a cold pack to cool your neck and armpits. Fan your skin while it’s wet to cool it. Drink plenty of water, fruit juice or a rehydration drink if available. This will replenish lost water and salt. Obstacle course (With first aid kit) First Degree Burn  soaking the wound in cool water for five minutes or longer  taking acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain relief  applying lidocaine (an anesthetic) with aloe vera gel or cream to soothe the skin  using an antibiotic ointment and loose gauze to protect the affected area Cuts and Abrasion 

Keep the site dry and clean. It may be covered with an occlusive thin film dressing, which is waterproof and protective.  Only apply lotions or ointments to the wound if instructed to do so by medical staff.  Try not to exert yourself, as physical activity may cause the site to bleed.  Seek medical advice immediately if the site starts to produce pus, swell or exude a disagreeable odor. Laceration    

Apply direct pressure on the area. Clean the area with warm water and gentle soap. Apply an antibiotic ointment to reduce chance of infection. Put a sterile bandage on the area. In some people, antibiotic ointments may cause a rash  If this happens, stop using the ointment. Dislocation 

Rest your dislocated joint. Don't repeat the action that caused your injury, and try to avoid painful movements.



Apply ice and heat. Putting ice on your injured joint helps reduce inflammation and pain. Use a cold pack for 15 to 20 minutes at a time. For the first day or two, try to do every couple of hours during the day. After two or three days, when the pain and inflammation have improved, hot packs or a heating pad may help relax tightened and sore muscles. Limit heat applications to 20 minutes at a time.



Take a pain reliever. Over-the-counter medications, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), naproxen (Aleve) or acetaminophen (Tylenol, others), can help relieve pain.



Maintain the range of motion in your joint. After one or two days, do some gentle exercises as directed by your doctor or physical therapist to help maintain range of motion in your injured joint. Total inactivity can cause stiff joints.

Blister 1. For a Blister That Has Not Popped  Try not to pop or drain it.  Leave it uncovered or cover loosely with a bandage.  Try not to put pressure on the area. If the blister is in a pressure area such as the bottom of the foot, put a donut-shaped moleskin on it. 2. For a Blister That Has Popped  Wash the area with warm water and gentle soap. Do not use alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, or iodine.  Smooth down the the skin flap that remains.  Apply antibiotic ointment to the area.  Cover the area loosely with a sterile bandage or gauze. Food Allergies In these cases, OTC or prescribed antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) may help reduce symptoms. These drugs can be taken after exposure to an allergy-causing food to help relieve skin redness, itching, or hives. However, antihistamines cannot treat a severe allergic reaction. Asthma attack 

Sit upright. Stop whatever you are doing and sit upright. Bending over or lying down can constrict your breathing even more.



Take long, deep breaths. This helps to slow down your breathing and prevent hyperventilation. Breathe in through your nose and breathe out through your mouth.



Stay calm. Staying calm may prevent further tightening of your chest muscles and make your breathing easier.



Get away from the trigger. The asthma attack could be triggered by dust, cigarette smoke or the smell of chemicals (e.g., ammonia, chlorine gas, sulphur

dioxide). Get away from the trigger as soon as possible and go to an airconditioned environment or any place with clean air. 

Take a hot caffeinated beverage. Hot caffeinated drinks like coffee can help to open up the airways slightly, providing some relief for an hour or two.

Shocked 1. Lay the Person Down, if Possible  Elevate the person's feet about 12 inches unless head, neck, or back is injured or you suspect broken hip or leg bones.  Do not raise the person's head.  Turn the person on side if he or she is vomiting or bleeding from the mouth. 2. Begin CPR, if Necessary  If the person is not breathing or breathing seems dangerously weak:  For a child, start CPR for children.  For an adult, start adult CPR.  Continue CPR until help arrives or the person wakes up. 3. Treat Obvious Injuries 4. Keep Person Warm and Comfortable     

Loosen restrictive clothing. Cover with coat or blanket. Keep the person still. Do not move the person unless there is danger. Reassure the person. Do not give anything to eat or drink.

Nausea and vomiting   

Drinking gradually larger amounts of clear liquids Avoiding solid food until the vomiting episode has passed If vomiting and diarrhea last more than 24 hours, an oral rehydrating solution such as Pedialyte should be used to prevent and treat dehydration.  Pregnant women experiencing morning sickness can eat some crackers before getting out of bed or eat a high protein snack before going to bed (lean meat or cheese).  Vomiting associated with cancer treatments can often be treated with another type of drug therapy. There are also prescription and nonprescription drugs that can be used to control vomiting associated with pregnancy, motion sickness, and some forms of dizziness. However, consult with a doctor before using any of these treatments.

Diarrhea Most cases of diarrhea clear on their own within a couple of days without treatment. If you've tried lifestyle changes and home remedies for diarrhea without success, your doctor might recommend medications or other treatments. Emergency action plan An emergency action plan (EAP) is a written document required by particular OSHA standards. [29 CFR 1910.38(a)] The purpose of an EAP is to facilitate and organize employer and employee actions during workplace emergencies. Well-developed emergency plans and proper employee training (such that employees understand their roles and responsibilities within the plan) will result in fewer and less severe employee injuries and less structural damage to the facility during emergencies. A poorly prepared plan, likely will lead to a disorganized evacuation or emergency response, resulting in confusion, injury, and property damage. The Primary Survey is a quick way for you to find out if someone has any injuries or conditions which are life-threatening. If you follow each step methodically, you can identify each life-threatening condition and deal with it in order of priority. Only move onto the Secondary Survey if you’ve already done the Primary Survey and succeeded in dealing with any life-threatening conditions. Then you can start questioning the casualty about what’s happened and carefully check someone for any other injuries or illnesses. If you can, jot down everything you find out and give all this information to the emergency services or whoever takes responsibility for the child, like a parent.

CPR-Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. AR- Artificial Resuscitation ABC- Airway, Breathing, and Circulation. RB- Rescue Breathing