Sport/physical Activities And Public Health_.2008.simovska

PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTES - SKOPJE

VALORIZATION OF SPORT/PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES AND CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS OF YOUTH IN CREATING MACEDONIAN STANDARDS

Prim. Vera Simovska, MD., Ph.D. Zoran Simonovski, MD. Information technology technician Gorgi Jancev

INTRODUCTION

Sport activities are an integral part of population health, everyday life and work, as well as to specific aims and interests of society. The need for sport activities evaluation is closely related to the rational impact on public health. An essential condition for carring out the strategy is the use of scientific results already obtained through research on influence of sport activities on cardiorespiratory fitness of the population in certain socioeconomic surroundings. The aim of our study was to evaluate the sport activities on the basis on their influence on cardiorespiratory fitness of youth and to create Macedonian standards using own created software tool.

Methods: 57 kind sport activities were evaluated during the period of 2005/06yrs. A great number of these are already practiced in Skopje, and some of them, considerating the dynamics, needs, possibilities and conditions of the social development, are likely to be practiced and improved in the next period countrywide. In the first phase, we have created software tool for the best evaluation of sport activities and their influence on cardiorespiratory fitness in 10.120 youth engaged in regular aerobic and aerobicanaerobic sport activities in Skopje.

In the second phase, we evaluated 38 sport activities by means of a particular experimental treatment. The study was carried out on 891 tested youth using Astrand submaximal test, age range of 12-21 years, randomly selected. The sample was divided into 4 groups of approximately the same number of young population by age and sex.

TO MAKE A DATA BASE WITH SOFTWARE HELP IN ORDER TO FOLLOW THE FOLLOWING PARAMETERS : DATA OF THE ANALYZED PARTICIPANT - NAME AND SURNAME - IDENTIFICATION NUMBER - EXAMINATION DATE - DATE OF BIRTH - AGE - SEX - KIND OF SPORT - CLUB - TOWN/CITY

IN AND OUT ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS IN AND OUT PARAMETERS FOR CARDIORESPIRATORY CAPACITY

ANTHROPOMETRY – ENTER PARAMETERS 1. Body height 2. Body weight 3. Mid upper - arm circumference 4. Mid forearm circumference 5. Mid – calf circumference 6. Mid – thigh circumference 7. Diameter of hand wrist 8. Diameter of elbow 9. Diameter of ankle joint 10. Diameter of knee 11. Forearm skinfold thickness 12. Biceps skinfold thickness 13. Triceps skinfold thickness 14. Subscapular skinfold thickness 15. Midaxillary skinfold thickness 16. Pectoral skinfold thickness 17. Abdomen skinfold thickness 18. Suprailiac skinfold thickness 19. Calf skinfold thickness 20. Thigh skinfold thickness

BH BW MUAC MFC MCC MTC DHW DE DAJ DK FST BST TST SSST MST PST AST SIST CST THST

-

cm kg mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm

ANTHROPOMETRY -

EXIT PARAMETERS

1. Upper Arm Muscle Circumference 2. Upper Arm Muscle Area 3. Upper Arm Fat Area 4. Upper Arm Fat Area Index 5. Mass of muscle tissues 6. Percentage mass of muscle tissues 7. Mass of osseous 8. Percentage mass of osseus 9. Body fat 10. Body fat percentage 11. RBF specific for sport end sex 12. Lean body mass 13. Percentage lean body mass 14. Body mass index 15. BMI category 16. Body surface area 17. Ideal body weight

MUSCIR UAMA UAFA UAFA% MM RMM OM ROM BF RBF

- cm - cm 2 - cm 2 - % - kg - % - kg - % - kg - %

LBM RLBM BMI

- kg - %

BS - m2 LORENZ - kg

CARDIORESPIRATORY CAPACITY ENTER PARAMETERS : 1. ASTRAND test – load degree - L : - unit of measurement - W or kpm / min 2. Heart rate ( fh ) in resting - RHR ( bpm ) 3. Heart rate in the first minute of ASTRAND test - bpm 4. Heart rate in the second minute of ASTRAND test - bpm 5. Heart rate in the third minute of ASTRAND test - bpm 6. Heart rate in the fourth minute of ASTRAND test - bpm 7. Heart rate in the fifth minute of the ASTRAND - bpm 8. Heart rate in the sixth minute of the ASTRAND test - bpm 9. Heart rate in the seventh minute of the ASTRAND test - bpm 10. Heart rate in the eighth minute of the ASTRAND test - bpm 11. Heart rate in the ninth minute of the ASTRAND test - bpm 12. Heart rate in the tenth minute of the ASTRAND test- bpm 13. Average heart frequency in the last two minutes of the test ( Fh sm) - bpm 14. Blood lactates – mmol / L ( 8 – 12 measurements - Lactate treshold test ) 15. HRL– ( Heart Rate – bpm ) ( 8 – 12 measurements - Lactate treshold test ) 16. VC - Vital capacity l ( litres) 17. FEV1 - Forced expiratory volume in the first second l ( litres ) 18. FEV1 / VC ( % ) 19. Labaratory researches – hemoglobin , erythrocytes

CARDIORESPIRATORY CAPACITY EXIT PARAMETERS 1. VO2 max - L / min

( absolute value )

2. VO2 max - ml / kg BW / min ( relative value ) 3. METs level 4. Energy consumption - kcal / min 5. Maximal estimated VO2 max - ml /kg BW / min 6. Percentage of achieved estimated maximal VO2 max - % 7. Category of VO2 max 8. HR max – Heart Rate maximum - bpm 9. HR submax - Heart Rate submaximum - bpm 10. HRR – Heart Rate Reserve - bpm 9

CARDIORESPIRATORY CAPACITY – EXIT PARAMETERS 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Training Heart Rate ( Training zone 65% ) – bpm Training Heart Rate ( Training zone 75% ) – bpm Training Heart Rate ( Training zone 85% ) – bpm Training Heart Rate ( Training zone 95% ) – bpm vVO2 – running speed estimated in aerobe conditions - m /s Average estimated VO2 max - ml / kg BW / min Percentage of achieved average of VO2 max - % Lactate threshold – mmol / L HRLT - Heart rate during lactate threshold VC – Vital capacity l ( litres ) ( measured value, estimated, % of the estimated value ) 21. FEV1 – Forced expiratory circumference in the first second -l ( litres) ( measured value, estimated, % of the estimated value ) 22. FEV1 / VC - % ( measured value, estimated, % of the estimated value 23. Systole and diastole blood preassure

10

REPORT

September, 2006

Results: In order to determine the effect of sport activities on cardiorespiratory fitness,compjuterized data basis provides 19 cardiorespiratory and anthropometric incomes, and 33 outcomes. The results of the arbitrary evaluation of aerobic and anaerobic-aerobic sport activities were evaluated with the essential descriptive statistical parameters. Obtained results for cardiorespiratory fitness of 891 young population are presented on next table:

Cardiorespiratory fitness

Age and sex Male = 12 - 16 Male = 17 - 21 Female = 12 - 16 Female = 17 - 21

VO 2max-ml/kg/min = X ± SD 37.68 ± 6.72 41.40 ± 7.99 34.29 ± 6.75 36.36 ± 7.29

minimum 23 24.6 21 22

maximum 59 64 53 58

CONCLUSION THE RESULT OF THIS SOFTWARE ANALYSIS IS IN ORDER TO HELP: VALORIZATION OF INFLUENCE OF SPORT/PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES ON CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS OF YOUTH IN CREATING MACEDONIAN STANDARDS. PREVENTION OF MORBIDITY DURING EXERCISING DIET PLANNING OF THE SPORTSMEN. SPORTS MEDICINE DOCTORS IN ORDER TO FOLLOW THE ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS AND THE VITAL CAPACITIES OF THE PROFESSIONAL AND AMATEUR SPORTISTS. SPORTS COACHES FOR EVALUATION OF THE CURRENT CONDITIONAL FITNESS OF THE SPORTSMEN, TO PLAN AND CONTROL TRAINING PROCESS, OR TO IDENTIFY TALENTED SPORTISTS (BODY PROFILING FOR ADEQUATE SPORTS). SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS FOR CREATING OF STANDARDS FOR DIFFERENT KINDS OF SPORTS AND FOR DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS FOR SPECIFIC SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES AND SCREENING OF DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF POPULATION. PREVENTION OF SPORTS TRAUMA.