Spm Chemistry Trial 2009 Times2009

138

SOALAN ULANGKAJI SPM PM 2009 PM

SPM 2009

[ 45411 ] [ 4541/2 ] [ 4541/3 ]

Chemistry

Analsis Kertas Soalan 2004 - 2008 TOPICS

PAPER 1 04

05

06

PAPER 2 07

08

04

05

06

PAPER 3 07

08

04

05

06

1

½

1

1

1

1

½

1

½

1

½

07

08

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FORM 4 Introduction To Chemistry The Structure of The Atom

7

6

4

6

5

Chemical Formulae and question

4

6

6

6

4

½

Periodic Table of elements

2

3

3

3

5

1

Chemical Bonds

2

1

2

1

4

Electrochemistry

3

3

5

3

5

Acids and Bases

5

4

3

4

5

Salts

1

0

2

0

2

Manufactured Substances In Industry

4

3

4

3

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

½ 1

1 1

1

1

1

½ 1

½

1

1

1

1

1

FORM 5 Rate of Reaction

4

5

4

4

2

1

1

Carbon compounds

6

7

6

7

3

1

1

1

Oxidation and reduction

6

7

4

6

5

1

1

Thermo Chemistry

4

4

5

5

3

1

2

Chemical For Consumer

2

1

2

2

3

1

1

1

1

50

50

50

50

50

7

7

6

9

TOTAL

1 1

1

1

1

1

6

1

1

4

4

3

3

2

SOALAN ULANGKAJI SPM 2009

139

SOALAN ULANGKAJI SPM 2009 CHEMISTRY Kertas 1

A B C D 2.

Neon Ammonia Sodium chloride Potassium hexacyanoferate(III)

8

A B C D

electrons only neutrons only both protons and neutrons both protons and electrons

9

A B C D

What is the relative molecular mass of hydrated magnesium sulphate, MgSO4.7H2O? [Relative atomic mass: Mg, 24; S,32; O,16; H,1]

Nucleus that contains proton and neutrons

A B C D

Who introduced this model?

6

Neils Bohr J.J Thomson James Chadwick Ernest Rutherford

2.1 2.2 2.8.3 2.8.7

I and III II and IV II and III I and IV

A B C D 12

27 13

Al ?

I The electron arrangement of aluminium atom is 2.8.3 II Aluminium atom has 13 protons and 27 neutrons. III Aluminium atom has a proton number of 27 and 14 neutrons. IV The total number of proton and neutron of aluminium atom is 27. A B C D

356 246 145 305

11. In a chemical reaction of calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid, 36cm3 of carbon dioxide gas is collected at room temperature. What is number of mole of carbon dioxide collected?

Which of following is the electron arrangement of a nonmetal?

What can be deduced from the symbol

2.8.2 2.6 2.8.8 2.8.8.2

10

Shell

A B C D

KI + Pb(NO3)2 PbI2 + KNO3 2Cu(NO3)2 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2 2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 CaCl2 + 2NH3 + H2O Cu(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O CuCO3 + HNO3

Which of the following electron arrangement of an atom has eight electrons valence?

Electron

5

Z2O Z3O2 Z2O3 ZO2

Which of the following chemical equation is balanced?

The diagram shows a model of an atom.

A B C D

When 1.52 g of a metal oxide of Z is reduced, 1.04 g of the metal is obtained. Determine the empirical formula of the metal oxide. [RAM: O,16; Z,52]. A B C D

The nucleus of an atom contains A B C D

4

make hypothesis make inference collect data identify problems

Which of the following is a molecule? A B C D

3

7.

Which noble gases given below is used to fill airships and weather balloons ? A B C D

13

0.0015 mol 0.067 mol 1.50 mol 1.61 mol

Argon Neon Helium Xenon

X, Y and Z are three different elements in the same period of The Periodic Table of the Elements. X is a non metal, Y is a metal and Z is a transition metal. Which is the correct order of these elements in The Periodic Table of Elements across the period from left to right? A B C D

X, Y, Z X, Z, Y Y, Z, X Z, Y, X

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1. After making observations, a chemist should try to

140

SOALAN ULANGKAJI SPM 2009 14

Which of the following substances is a covalent compound? A B C D

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15

20

Copper Ammonia Lead(II) oxide Sodium chloride

A B C D

The table shows the electron arrangement for elements W, X, Y and Z. Element

Electron arrangement

W

2.4

X

2.8.2

Y

2.6

Z

2.8.7

21

22 A B C D

Y and X W and Y Y and Z W and Z

10 cm3 20 cm3 25 cm3 50 cm3

The distilled water is added to 20 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution to produce 250 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution. What is the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution produced? A B C D

Which of the following elements react to form an ionic compound?

16

Calculate the volume of sodium hydroxide of concentration 0.5 mol dm-3 needed to neutralise 25.0 cm3 sulphuric acid of concentration 0.20 mol dm-3.

0.08 mol dm-3 0.04 mol dm-3 0.06 mol dm-3 0.02 mol dm-3

Which of the following solutions has the highest concentration of hydrogen ion? A 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 H2SO4 solution B 150 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 H2SO4 solution C 100 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 H2SO4 solution D 50 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 H2SO4 solution

The ions present in aqueous copper(II) chloride solution are 23 A B C D

17

Which of the following elements may be D?

Which of the following substances is an electrolyte? A B C D

18

An oxide of D can reacts with both hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution

Cu2+ and ClCu2+, Cl-, H+ and O2Cu2+, Cl-, H+ and OH Cu2+, Cl- , H3O+ and O2

Glucose solution Molten aluminium oxide Hydrogen chloride in methyl benzene Copper(II) carbonate powder

A B C D 24

The diagram shows the electrolysis of molten lead(II) bromide using carbon electrodes.

An alloy is harder than its pure metal because the foreign atoms in the alloy A increases the bond strength between the atoms. B increases the empty spaces between the atoms. C react with the pure metal atoms to form a compound. D reduces the ability of the atoms to slide across each other.

Carbon Lead (II) bromide

Aluminium Magnesium Sulphur Phosphorus

25 The main element present in glass is A B C D

Heat

Lead Sodium Silicon Boron

What are the products at the anode and the cathode? 26 A B C D 19

Anode Bromine Oxygen Bromine Oxygen

Cathode Lead Hydrogen Hydrogen Lead

Which of the following is a weak alkali? A B C D

Potassium hydroxide Cooper(II) hydroxide Aqueous ammonia Lithium hydroxide

Ceramic is made from A B C D

Silica, SiO2 Cement Marmar Aluminosilicate hydrate

27 The diagram shows the arrangement of atoms in steel.

Iron atom X atom

SOALAN ULANGKAJI SPM 2009 What is X? A Zinc B Copper C Carbon D Tin

34

141

Which of the following structural formulae shows an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

A Which of the following reactions occurs at the highest rate? A B C D 29

Photosynthesis Rusting of iron Combustion of hydrogen in oxygen Combustion of magnesium in oxygen

B

Which of the following is the meaning of activation energy? A The maximum energy that the particles need to produce effective collision B The minimum amount of energy that particles must have in order to react C The amount of energy used by the particles during a collision D The amount of kinetic energy of molecules during a collision

30

The graph shows the maximum volume of carbon dioxide gas evolved when calcium carbonate react with hydrochloric acid.

C

D

Volume of CO2 gas/ cm3 35

Which of the following pairs of substances are not isomers ?

35 A B C D 36

Hexane and 2,3-dimethyl pentane 1-butene and 2-methylpropene Pentane and 2,2-dimethylpropane 2-chloropentane and 3-chloropentane

Pentyl propanoate is a food flavouring with apricot taste. This substance can be obtained from the reaction between

Time/s 120 What is the rate of reaction at 120 s? A 0.00 cm3 s-1 B 0.15 cm3 s-1 C 0.29 cm3 s-1 D 0.35 cm3 s-1

31

37

the activation energy for the reaction the density of the reactants the heat of reaction the volume of solution at the same concentration

38

always slows down a chemical reaction is not used up in the chemical reaction can catalyst many chemical reactions always doubles the rate of a chemical reaction

33 Unsaturated fats can be converted to saturated fats through A B C D

hydrogenation esterification neutralization fermentation

Which of the following substance is found in crude oil?

Which of the following is an oxidation process? A B C D

A catalyst A B C D

C3H7OH and C4H9COOH C4H9OH and C2H5COOH C5H11OH and C2H5COOH C5H11OH and CH3COOH

A Ethanoic acid B Polythene C Ethanol D Butane

The rate of reaction depends on A B C D

32

A B C D

39

Propene changes into propane Lead(II) oxide loses its oxygen Magnesium atom forms magnesium ion. Chlorine molecule gains electrons.

Which of the following statements refer to oxidation? I Process of losing oxygen II Process of gaining hydrogen III Process of losing electrons IV Process of increasing oxidation number. A B C D

I and II only III and IV only I, II and III only I, II , III and IV.

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28

142

SOALAN ULANGKAJI SPM 2009 40

In which of the following compounds is the oxidation number of nitrogen the highest?

45

A KNO2 B NH4Cl C N2O D HNO3 41

A B C D

W, X, Y and Z are four metals. Consider the reactions below involving these metals: 46

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Z sulphate + X → Z + X sulphate Z sulphate + W → No reaction Y sulphate + W → Y + W sulphate Arrange the metals W, X, Y and Z in decreasing order of reactivity. A B C D

X, W, Z, Y Y, W, Z, X X, Z, W, Y Y, Z, W, X

When a mixture of carbon and copper(II) oxide is heated strongly I the oxide ion loses two electrons. II the oxidation number of carbon increases from 0 to +4 III the copper(II) oxide acts as the reducing agent. IV the copper(II) ion accepts two electrons A B C D

43

I and III II and IV II, III and IV I, II, III and IV

49 5 Fe 2+ + MnO 4- + 8 H+ → 5 Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4H2O What can be deduced from the equation? I The oxidation state of manganese changes from +7 into +2 II The oxidation state of hydrogen changes from +1 into 0 III The greenish colour of iron(II) ions solution turns to colourless IV Electrons transfer from iron(II) ions to manganate(VII) ions

44

I and III only I and IV only I, II and III only I, II, III and IV

The diagram shows a match. By striking the match, a chemical reaction is initiated.

To relieve pain To treat asthma To destroy bacteria To calm down the emotion of the patient

The cleansing effect of detergent is more effective in hard water compared to soap because detergent A B C D

50 A B C D

Sugar Ginger Salt Vinegar

What is the function of an analgesic? A B C D

Redox reaction between iron(II) ion and manganate(VII) ion is represented by the equation:

50.4 kJ mol-1 72.0 kJ mol-1 302.4 kJ mol-1 504.0 kJ mol-1

Which of the following is not used as a preservative in the food industry? A B C D

48

Balance and stop watch Balance and thermometer Pipette and stop watch Pipette and thermometer

The burning of 0.6 g of K causes the temperature of 100 cm3 water to increase by 12°C. What is the heat of combustion of K? [ relative molecular mass of X = 60; specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g-1 ° C-1] A B C D

47 42

The reaction between solution P and solution Q is exothermic. A student confirms this statement by mixing equal volumes of the two solutions and measuring the temperature change. Which two pieces of apparatus should the student use?

is more soluble in water produces more foam than soap in hard water does not form insoluble salt with metal ion in hard water has hydrocarbon chain which makes detergent dissociate less in hard water

Which of the following are examples of antibiotics? I Streptomycin II Barbiturate III Cortisone IV Penicillin A B C D

IV only II and III only I and IV only I, III and IV only

Which statements about the chemical reaction are correct? A Reaction is endothermic because energy is used to strike the match B Reaction is endothermic because energy is given out as the match burns C Reaction is exothermic because energy is used to strike the match D Reaction is exothermic because energy is given out as the match burns

END OF QUESTION PAPER

143

SOALAN ULANGKAJI SPM 2009

SOALAN ULANGKAJI SPM 2009 CHEMISTRY Kertas 2 Answer all questions in this section. The time suggested to complete Section A is 90 minutes.

After heating,the porcelain boat and its contents are cooled in the flow of hydrogen and its mass is recorded. The heating ,cooling and weighing processes are repeated until the mass of the porcelain boat and its contents are constant.The data recorded from the experiment are as follows: Mass of porcelain boat Mass of porcelain boat and lead (II) oxide before heating Mass porcelain boat and lead after heating

= 25.30g = 36.45g = 35.65g

(a) Write one chemical equation that can produce hydrogen gas. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (b)

State one observation that can be made from this experiment. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c)

[1 mark]

Why is necessary to cool the porcelain boat and its contents in the flow of hydrogen gas? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(d)

[1 mark]

[ 1 mark]

Based on the data,determine the empirical formula of lead (II) oxide. [Relative atomic mass : Pb,207; O,16]

[4 marks] (e)

Why is the process of heating,cooling and weighing repeated until a constant mass is obtained? …………………………………………………………………………………...………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………...…………………………

(f)

[1 mark]

State two precautionary steps to be taken while conducting this experiment. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

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1. An experiment was carried out to determine the empirical formula of lead (II) oxide.A sample of lead (II) oxide was heated in the flow of dry hydrogen gas as shown in Figure 1.

144

SOALAN ULANGKAJI SPM 2009 2. Figure 2 shows the flow chart for the fermentation process of a type of fruit juice. Gas A Heating with Porcelain chips

Fruit juice

Compound B C2H6O Process Y Compound C C2H4O2

Reflux

Compound D

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Compound X H2SO4 Figure 2 (a)

Name compound B. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(b) Name process Y. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(c) Gas A is produced when compound B is strongly heated in the presence of porcelain chips. (i) Name gas A. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(ii) What can be observed when gas A is channeled into the acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution ? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(iii) Write a chemical equation for reaction in (c)(i) to produce gas A. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(d)

[1 mark]

(i) Name the formation process of compound D from compound C. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(ii) Write the chemical equation for the formation of compound D. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… (iii) Give two chemical properties for the compound C. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… (e)

[1 mark]

[2 marks]

Give one characteristic of the compound D. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

145

SOALAN ULANGKAJI SPM 2009

Figure 3 (a)

What is substance X? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b)

Write an equation for the reaction. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c)

[1 mark]

More sodium hydroxide solution is added to the product obtained in (g)i. until no more changes occur. What can be observed? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(h)

[1 mark]

i.) A few drops of of sodium hydroxide solution are added to the solution obtained in (f).What can be observed? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii)

[1 mark]

The residue left in the test tube is dissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid. Write an equation for the reaction of the residue with dilute hydrochloric acid . ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(g)

[2 marks]

Write an equation for the reaction that occurs when the substance referred to in (c) is heated. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(f)

[1 mark]

What other substances are produced when the substance referred to in (c) is heated? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(e)

[1 mark]

What other substance will decompose when heated to give the same residue as that produced when substance X is heated? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(d)

[1 mark]

[1 mark]

What conclusion can be drawn from the observations in (g)i. and (g)ii.? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

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3. Substance X is heated in a test tube as shown in Figure 3. The limewater contained in another test tube turns milky.The residue left after substance X is heated is yellow when hot and white when cold.

146

SOALAN ULANGKAJI SPM 2009 4.

Potassium solution

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Figure 4 (a)

Write half equations for the reactions at the cathode and the anode. Cathode :…………………………......................................................................... Anode

(b)

:………………………………………………………………………….

State two observations during the electrolysis. 1. …………………………………………………………………………………... 2……………………………………………………………………………………

(c)

[1 mark]

Another electrolysis is carried out using diluted copper (II) chloride solution. The observation stated in (d) are not seen at the anode?Explain why. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(g)

[ 1 mark]

Write the ionic equation for the reaction taking place in test tube X. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(f)

[.2 marks]

The product formed from the anode goes into the potassium iodide solution. Describe what you would see. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(e)

[2 marks]

Is the resulting solution,after the electrolysis,acidic,neutral or basic? Explain your answer. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(d)

[2 marks]

[1 mark]

Identify a test to verify the product formed at the anode for experiment in (f). ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

147

SOALAN ULANGKAJI SPM 2009 Figure 5 shows the arrangement of the apparatus used to study redox reactions.

Figure 5 (a ) Name one chemical substance that can be used to replace 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium nitrate. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… (b)

Write the change of oxidation number for zinc in the reaction . ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c)

[1 mark]

State which metal foil serves as the anode. Explain your answer. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(d)

[1 mark]

[2 marks]

State the change that occurs at the (i) copper foil: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(ii) zinc foil: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(e)

[1 mark]

In the reaction,which substance is (i) oxidized: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(ii) the oxidizing agent: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… (f)

[1 mark]

Write half equation s for the reaction at (i) copper foil ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(ii) zinc foil ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[1mark]

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5.

148

SOALAN ULANGKAJI SPM 2009 (g)

Table 1 shows two experiments conducted at room condition. Experiment I

Experiment II 3

5.0 g of zinc powder + 50cm of 0.2 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid

5.0 g of zinc powder + 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid Table 1

The volume of hydrogen gas is recorded every 30 seconds. (a)

Write the equation for the reaction. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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(b)

[1 mark]

Calculate the maximum volume of hydrogen gas produced in [RAM : Zn, 65 ; 1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room condition] (i) Experiment I

[2 marks] (ii) Experiment II

[2 marks] (c)

State the experiment that gives the highest rate of hydrogen gas release. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(d)

[2 marks]

Plot a graph of the volume of hydrogen gas against time for Experiment I and Experiment II on the same axis.

[3 marks] (e) State one way to increase the rate of reaction of the two experiments. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

149

SOALAN ULANGKAJI SPM 2009 Section B [20 marks] Answer any one question from this section. The time suggested to complete Section B is 30 minutes.

(c)

The speed of reaction is important in industry and everyday life. State the five factors affecting the rate of reaction.

[5 marks]

The use of catalyst is increasing in importance in industry. (i) What are the four essential features of catalyst?

[4 marks]

(ii) Describe the effect of catalysts on the rate of reaction.

[5 marks]

(iii) Give three catalyst with suitable examples,used in the manufacture of chemicals.

[6 marks]

(i) Table 3 shows the proton number of atoms of elements P,Q and R. Element

Proton number

S

3

T

11

U

17

(a)

Compare the atomic size of atom T and U .Explain your answer.

[ 4 marks]

(b)

S and T burn vigorously in oxygen gas. Compare the reactivity between S and T .Explain your answer.

[ 5 marks]

(c)

Gas U can react with iron to form a brown solid. With the help of a labeled diagram,describe how the experiment can be carried out in the laboratory. Your description should include the chemical equation for the reaction.

[ 6 marks]

Describe the location of S in the Periodic Table.

[ 5 marks]

(d)

Section C [20 marks] Answer any one question. The time suggested to answer this section is 30 minutes. 9. Salts may be prepared by the following methods: Method A: reaction between metal oxide and acid. Method B: double decomposition involving two solutions of salts. Rosmah has been asked to prepare lead (II) sulphate and copper (II) sulphate. (a) (b)

10.

Select suitable methods to prepare the dry salts. Explain your choice of method for each salt. Describe a laboratory experiment each to prepare the salts.In your description,include the chemical equations involved.

[6 marks] [14 marks]

The properties of compound R are as follows: ∙ Has melting point of 78°C ∙ Colourless solid ∙ Insoluble in water

(a) What type of compound is R? Explain your answer.

[3 marks]

(b) R has a melting point of 78°C. Explain.

[3 marks]

(c)

[3 marks]

Q is an ionic compound. State three differences of the physical properties of Q compared to R

(d ) Describe briefly an experiment to prove that Q can conduct electricity in a molten state but R cannot.

[9 marks]

(e) R cannot conduct electricity in molten or solid state. Explain why.

[ 2 marks]

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(h) (a)

150

SOALAN ULANGKAJI SPM 2009

SOALAN ULANGKAJI SPM 2009 CHEMISTRY Kertas 3

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1.

A student conducted two experiments and obtained the following results. Time(min)

0

30

60

90

120

150

180

210

240

270

300

330

Experimen X Temperature (oC)

61

65

67

71

74

76

80

80

80

83

87

89

Experiment Y Temperature (oC)

87

84

83

81

80

80

80

76

73

69

66

64

In Experiment X, naphthalene powder is put in a boiling tube and placed in a water bath. The water is heated until 60oC, then the temperature of naphthalene is recorded at every 30 seconds interval until the temperature reaches about 90oC. The substance is stirred gently with the thermometer throughout the heating process.In Experiment Y,the hot boiling tube is cooled down. (a)

Write the hypothesis of: (i) Experiment X: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks]

(ii) Experiment Y: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… (b)

During the cooling of naphthalene,explain why the naphthalene must be stirred continuously. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c)

[3 marks]

[3 marks]

In the space given below,draw the apparatus showing the (i) heating of naphthalene

[3 marks] (ii) cooling of naphthalene

[ 3 marks] (d)

State two important steps involved in this experiment. (i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks]

151

SOALAN ULANGKAJI SPM 2009 (e)

State the three types of variables in Experiment X and Experiment Y. (i)

Manipulated variable

……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… (ii) Responding variable ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… (iii) Constant variable:

(f)

Using scale of 1 cm to represent 30 s on the x-axis and 2 cm to represent 10oC on the y-axis, draw the temperature against time graphs for (i)

Experiment X

[3 marks]

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………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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152

SOALAN ULANGKAJI SPM 2009

(i)

Experiment y

(g)

What conclusion can you draw regarding the melting and freezing points of naphthalene from the graphs? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks]

2. Iron (II) ions can be oxidized to iron by a strong oxidizing agent like chlorine through the transfer of electrons at a distance. Plan and explain how you would conduct an experiment in the laboratory to test the statement given above. Your planning should include the following aspects: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)

Hypothesis All the variables List of substances and apparatus Procedure of the experiment Tabulation of data Conclusion

[17 marks]

END OF QUESTION PAPER