Spe Home Safety Presentation

Home safety

CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES

1st Egyptian SPE Social Event “Home Safety” PRESENTATION By Chemist eng. Talaat A. Elkader Lufkin HSE manager

Lufkin Safety Value We live and work safely in a manner that protects and promotes the health and well-being of the individual and the environment.

Lufkin ME. HSE Policy

Policy

It is Lufkin policy to operate worldwide in a safe, responsible manner which respects the environment and the health of our employees, our customers, and the communities where we operate. We will not compromise environmental, health or safety values for profit or production. We are looking for incident prevention and continuous improvement in all our business.

Lufkin Safety principles 

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All incidents are preventable, and can be avoided and we will work diligently to prevent all incidents. Management must provide training to equip people with necessary skills to avoid injuries or incidents. We comply with all local applicable laws, regulations and set higher standards for ourselves to guarantee the safety of our people, our customers and our community. Improvement has no proven limits. To be successful safety must be more than a program or a book/ procedures. It must be more than all of that. Key success of any safety endeavor : Priority…………………enthusiasm……………….pride.

Why Home Safety? USA Statistics indicates the following:  Home-related injuries result in nearly 21 million medical visits and almost 20,000 deaths annually  Off-the-job injuries costs society $387 billion  More than 2,000 children younger than 15 die each year Cost to Employers:  Home injuries cost employers $38 billion in a single year, or $104 million per day  Annually, home injuries represent $15.8 billion in employer health care spending  Employers paid $12.2 billion in sick leave, life, and disability insurance for home injury victims

Children injury 

In Scotland “Unintentional injury is one of the main causes of death and is the most common cause of emergency hospital admissions in children aged under 15.”4

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Unintentional injuries are second only to cancers as a cause of death for children aged between 1 and 14 years. Every year in Scotland, 1 child in 5 attends Accident and Emergency Departments following an unintentional injury. This totals approximately 200,000 emergency visits each year.

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while the number of deaths is relatively low, there continue to be large numbers of admissions to hospitals and considerable numbers of accident and emergency department attendances. While not life-threatening, such events consume considerable health service resources, cause distress for parents and children, have economic consequences for families through loss of work, and adversely impact children’s education because of time off school.

Home safety for young children  As young children grow older, they begin to explore

their surroundings more and more.  Parents can guard against possible dangers by conducting a home safety evaluation from the child’s point of view  Parents need to take precautions to make sure curious children avoid common home injuries.

Objectives of home safety campaign  To identify the major hazards associated with

the off job activities.  To avoid the accidents to the associated hazards.  To give guidance for controlling the emergency conditions caused by the off job hazards.

What is a Hazard? A Hazard is anything that has the potential to cause harm. Practically, a hazard is often associated with a condition or activity that if left uncontrolled can result in an injury or illness. In a home safety day we will focus on the top five causes of home injury→ falls, fire/burns, poisoning and chocking/suffocation and egonomics.

What is a Risk? The Risk is the product of potential hazard severity and frequency of occurrence. Or it is likelihood that the hazard will cause harm and the severity of the consequence.  For Example:  If you are cleaning the kitchen with corrosive cleaner without using gloves or apron there is a great risk of being harmed.  If you wear all protective clothing and gloves and adhere to all safety precautions the risk is low.  If you change the chemical to a safer type and adhere to all precautions the risk will be even lower.

Risk Control  When a risk assessment has identified a

hazard as having unacceptable risks we have to put in place control measures to eliminate the risk or reduce the risk to an acceptable level.

What Causes Injuries? Acts of God 2%

Unsafe Conditions 20%

20%

Unsafe Acts 78%

78 %

UNSAFE CONDITIONS ACTS OF GOD

UNSAFE ACTS

© Texas Workers’ Compensation Insurance Fund 2001

Accident comprise – Unsafe Acts and/or Unsafe Conditions 

Unsafe acts 

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Using equipment in the wrong way or for the wrong task Failure to wear protective equipment Horseplay Failure to warn others of danger

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Unsafe Conditions 

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Fire hazards, excessive amounts of flammable materials Defective tools or equipment Inadequate housekeeping, walkways blocked, materials incorrectly stored

hazards we encounter at Home and offices?      

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Slips, trips, falls; Ergonomic issues; Lighting problems Housekeeping; Furniture/layout; Heat-generating sources Electrical cords & equipment; Fire & evacuation Hand & powered tools & equipment;

What are Slips, Trips, Falls? 

S-T-Fs are defined as: 

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Falls from a height such as from furniture, ladders, work platforms, falling down stairs or landing awkwardly after a jump Falls on the same level, including falls up stairs, all slips, trips and stumbles

Frequent causes: 

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an unobserved, physical obstacle or impediment; the type or condition of the surface represents a potential hazard; an individual is unaware of a potential hazard; or An individual is distracted or is not paying attention to their surroundings/actions.

SLIPS!!

:to slide along smoothly

resulting in a sudden mishap.  Weather conditions may cause the floors to be wet or the ground to be icy.  Watch were you are stepping and use caution on wet floors and ice to avoid slipping.

TRIPS!!

:to catch the foot on

something so as to stumble.

 Damaged steps or misplaced

items are major factors in trips.  Make sure that steps you use often are in good shape and that items (that do not belong on the steps) are out of the way.  Use handrails when ascending or descending stairs.

FALLS!! :to descend freely by the force of gravity. ➵

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Eliminate the hazard when possible (i.e. broken chair, unstable ladder, etc...) Practice good judgement - Don’t lean back in chairs, don’t climb on unstable shelving or tables.

OTHER HAZARDS Prevent a potential injury by cleaning up spills and wet floors. Keep isles and walkways clear of clutter or obstructions. Pick up objects and move extension cords to eliminate the potential for injury.

Injuries from Slips, Trips, and Falls Common types of injuries:  Sprains, strains  Bruises, contusions  Fractures  Abrasions, lacerations

Commonly affected body parts:  Knee, Ankle, Foot  Wrist, Elbow  Back  Shoulder  Hip  Head

Definitions Slip When there is too little friction or traction between your feet (footwear) and the walking or working surface, and you lose your balance.

Trip When your foot (or lower leg) hits an object and your upper body continues moving, throwing you off balance.

or

When you step down unexpectedly to a lower surface (Misstep) and lose your balance, e.g., stepping off a curb.

Friction: The resistance encountered when an object (foot) is moved in contact with another (ground). Friction is necessary in order to walk without slipping.

Fall Occurs when you are too far off your center of balance.

Definitions Two types of Falls:  Fall-at-the-same-level

When you fall to the surface you are walking or standing on, or fall into or against objects at or above the surface.

 Fall-to-lower-level

When you fall to a level below the one on which you are walking, working, or standing.

For example: • Step or stairs • Ladder • Platform • Loading dock • Equipment • Etc.

Contributing factors to falls. Fall-Environmental factors. 

Poor housekeeping 

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Materials being improperly stored in hallway or aisle Items being left accidentally or purposely in walk area Water, grease or other slip hazards on hard or resilient surfaces

Contributing factors of falls. 

Poor lighting 

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Should have at least 20 footcandles in walkways Eliminate glare sources Replace burned out or flickering light bulbs

Lighting:  Areas that are not lit adequately, or are lit too much, can    

cause headache, strain, and fatigue. Color plays a big role in eye fatigue. Use adjustable task lighting for tasks that require greater illumination. Take visual “breaks” every 30 minutes. Get regular eye exams…let your eye doc know if you are working at a computer!

“Housekeeping” 

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Storage or placement of objects in aisles, below knee level, or on other “office-type” floor surfaces. Overflowing, heavy wastebaskets. Dust accumulations. Maintaining condition of office equipment and work area. Orderly arrangement in all areas, especially storage.

Furniture Safety:  Chairs should remain squarely on the floor.  Casters on all chairs should be secured and all parts of the chair    

should be sturdy & should not present a hazard to the user. Close drawers when not in use. Open drawers slowly and carefully. Avoid overloading filing cabinets, and distribute the weight of materials stored in cabinet to avoid tipping. Furniture should be selected and maintained without sharp edges, points, or burrs.

Ergonomics: Safe Material Handling

What is Ergonomics? It is . . . fitting the work to the worker • • • •

Ergon = Greek for “work” Nomos = Greek for “laws of” The Study of Work Applies both on and off the job

Good workstation set-up is based on individual needs.

But, there are some general principles that can be taken into account… Rule #1: If you are uncomfortable, seek assistance!

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)  Musculoskeletal Disorders  Usually: muscles, tendons and ligaments  Affecting: wrists, elbows, neck, shoulders, back  Gradually develop over time or a one time

overexertion  Early identification and reporting of symptoms is key

Symptoms of MSDs  Early Warning Signs of Repetitive Stress

Pain, numbness or tingling  Stiffness and soreness  Fatigue or loss of strength  Sleep disturbance  “Unusual” feelings in soft tissues  There may be little or no visible signs of an injury  Don’t write off potential early warning signs  Report the symptoms to your physician immediately 

Back Health and Fitness  Sitting can place high loads on the lower back. sitting

can be as twice as hard on your back.  Sitting is one cause of strain on your back. excessive weight and weak abdominal muscle may cause a spinal imbalance.  Most people lift the wrong way, consequently most back injuries result from improper lifting.

Tilt the work surface instead of the wrist. Stand with weight evenly distributed between feet. When standing for long periods of time, rest one foot on a sturdy object above floor height and switch legs periodically

Keep elbows close to the body.

Reduce the need for outstretched arms. Use a higher work surface.

Avoid bending over your work. Avoid overhead work. Use a ladder.

Bend the tool, not the wrist.

Use tools that distribute pressure evenly across the palm.

Lifting  Size up the load

 If too heavy for one

person, get help!

 Lift together or use

mechanical assistance

Lifting Safely

Unsafe Lifting Techniques

The ideal working posture

How to Sit Properly Neutral Position      

Sit straight with back against the chair back. Lower lumbar support in the right spot. Feet flat on the floor. 90+ degree angles. Arms parallel to the ground. Elbows and wrists at same level.

YES

NO

Sitting like this is known as sitting in a “neutral position.” This position reduces the amount of stress on muscles.

Awkward Postures Typical of Office Work

Can cause neck pain and shoulder pain, both sides.

Be cautious of twisting and bending, stand up and use good body mechanics. Stand up, don’t reach for items.

Good posture is essential to your health & safety!  

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3 natural curves. Seated posture puts lots of strain on your body! Exaggerated curves are bad. Stretch frequently. Maintain or build strength.

Good Working Postures

 

•Hands, wrists, and forearms are straight, in-line and roughly parallel to the floor. •Head is level, or bent   slightly forward, forward facing, and balanced. Generally it is in-line with the torso.

  •Shoulders are relaxed   and upper arms hang normally at the side of the body.   •Elbows stay in close  to the body and are bent between 90 and 120 degrees.   •Feet are fully supported   by floor or footrest.   with appropriate lumbar support •Back is fully supported when sitting vertical  or leaning back slightly. •Thighs and hips are  supported by a well-padded seat and generally parallel to the   floor. •Knees are about the same height as the hips with the feet slightly forward.  

Electrical Safety: 

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Shut off electrical equipment not in use! Properly equipped with grounding prongs. Electrical cords should be visually inspected on a periodic basis to identify frayed and worn cords. Maintain electrical cords in areas out of walkways and passageways. Avoid extension cords in office areas.

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Surge protectors may not be overloaded and may not be used as an “extension cord” for other office equipment. Don’t overload outlets and surge protectors! Combustible material, such as paper, may not be stored on or in close proximity to electrical outlets and connections.

Chemical Safety and poisoning What chemicals do we use in the office and home cleaning?  Read the label & hazard warnings.  Read the MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet)….  Handle & store the material properly, in accordance with the MSDS.  Medicines, cosmetics should be kept away from children reach. 

9 tips to Prevent children poisoning         

Know the thing that are poisons Look at the labels for the words “ caution”, “warning” or “danger” Remove all medicines and medical supplies from purses, pockets and drawers. Put them in a cabinet with a child safety lock. Have a child safety caps on all chemicals, medications and cleaning products. Cosmetics ( make-up ) can be poison too. Have a service person check heaters, stove and fireplaces every year to see that they work well. Have a carbon monoxide ( CO) detector near the bedrooms. This will tell you if the gas level is too high. Push the “ test button” on the detector so everyone will know the sound it makes

Fire Safety?

Do we know what a triangle is?

Three sided shape - needs all three sides to be connected to be a triangle

The same way that the three lines have to be connected to form a triangle, the heat, fuel and oxygen have to be connected to cause a fire.

He at

en yg Ox

Fuel

r Ai

He at

We call this a FIRE TRIANGLE

Fuel

Fire Triangle The red side is the HEAT side.

Fire Triangle The yellow side is the FUEL side.

Fire Triangle The blue side is the OXYGEN side.

Fire Triangle

If we remove any one side of the triangle, the fire cannot happen

Remove the HEAT sources, and there is nothing hot to start the fire

If we remove any one side of the triangle, the fire cannot happen

Remove the FUEL sources, and there is nothing to burn.

If we remove any one side of the triangle, the fire cannot happen

Remove the OXYGEN and there is nothing to feed the fire.

What should you do if your clothes catch on fire?  Stop,

drop and roll  Rolling over and over takes the oxygen away from the fire and the fire goes out

 Stop - where you are

 Never run

 DROP to your hands and knees and lie on

the ground

 ROLL over and over, back and forth, with your hands covering

your face, until the fire is out

 Since fire needs oxygen to live, rolling back and forth over and

over will smother the fire.

Burn Prevention and Treatment

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There are three degrees of burns that tell us how serious our burn is: 

First Degree 

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Second Degree 

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causes redness of the skin and is the least serious causes red, blistered skin

Third Degree 

worst burn and causes white or charred skin

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It is important to treat your burn correctly, no matter what degree it is 

Cool the burned area with cool water for at least 10 minutes

Seek medical treatment, if necessary 

Never put butter or ice on your burn 

the doctor will give you something if needed

Burns are very painful, no matter what type or what degree, so it is important to prevent them from happening.

There are six different types of burns that can cause very serious burns

 Scald 

burns that are caused by hot water, steam, or food or liquids from microwaves

 Flame 

burns that occur when clothing ignites from sources such as a match, stove, candle or other open flame.

 Electrical 

burns that occur when someone comes in contact with a frayed cord, pokes something into an electrical outlet, or comes in contact with a high tension power line

 Sun 

burns that result from too much exposure to the sun or sun lamps like in tanning booths

 Contact 

burns that result from touching hot surfaces such as ovens, heaters, irons or grills

 Chemical 

burns that occur when items such as drain cleaner, bleach or other household cleaners are touched or swallowed.

What are some of the ways we can avoid being burned?  Not letting our children to play with matches,

lighters, or any other open flames  Keeping stay away from hot liquids  Be careful when eating foods from the microwave - cool them first  Keep children stay out of the kitchen when cooking

What are some of the ways we can avoid being burned?  Never touch space heaters, wood stoves or

fireplaces  Stay away from grills and campfires  Be careful when running your bath water  Use sun screen when outdoors  Do not touch cleaning liquids  Do not play with extension cords or electrical plugs

8 tips to Prevent children burns and scalds (burns from hot liquids)     

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Set your water before your children get in the tub. Test the water before your children get in the tub. When children are in the tub stay close by. Use safety caps to keep children from putting things into electrical outlets. Put children away from the range when you are cooking. children should stay three feet away from stove to prevent burns. Lock up all matches and lighters. Only use candles when an adult in in the room. blow out candles if you leave the room or go to sleep Gasoline can catch fires with only a tiny spark. store it in a special safety can. never bring it indoors even in small amounts.

REMEMBER - burns are very serious - but then can be avoided

Safety in the kitchen

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 Be careful never transfer poisonous or caustic products to drinking glasses, pop or other food containers.  Knives and other sharp objects should be stored out of the reach of children. Be careful not to wear loose fittings clothing when cooking.  Keep kitchen clutter away from stove and All the family members should know to stop, drop and roll if clothes catch fire. oven Avoid loose, Flammable clothing .Clothing often catches fire around candles, matches ,fire places and stove

Looks and tastes great, right? You should see what a hot liquid will do to a child’s skin when the two come into contact.

Be sure to keep hot liquids out of reach of small children.

Kitchen Fire Safety

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we have learned six types of burns which type of burns what do you think would occur most often in the kitchen?  

Scald Contact

 Scald 

burns that are caused by hot water, steam, or food or liquids from microwaves

 Contact 

burns that result from touching hot surfaces such as ovens, toasters, or coffee pots

 Food and liquids from microwaves can also

cause scald and contact burns

 What are some of the ways you can avoid

getting these kinds of burns? 

Stay out of the kitchen when mom or dad is cooking 

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Never reach for anything on the stove or in the oven 

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if you have little brothers or sisters you can watch them while mom or dad is cooking in the kitchen

you could pull a pan full of hot liquid or food over on yourself or someone else

Don’t carry hot liquids around the kitchen 

you could spill them on someone or even yourself

 What are some of the ways you can avoid

getting these kinds of burns? 

Don’t store anything in cupboards above the stove 

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reaching over the stove or climbing on it to reach something could cause a very serious burn injury keep little kids from climbing up to get something

Appliance cords should be kept rolled up and not dangling over the edge of the counter 

little kids could pull an appliance down on themselves or someone else

 What are some of the ways you can avoid

getting these kinds of burns? 

Never store grease or oil around a stove or in the oven 

grease and oil very easily catch on fire

Burns are very painful, no matter what type or what degree, so it is important to prevent them from happening.

Understanding Fire extinguishing Basics

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What are some of the most common causes of home fires?      

Careless use of smoking materials Children playing with matches and lighters Cooking left unattended on the stove Overloaded electrical outlets Unattended candles Any others?

 In our homes, if we keep the heat sources

away from the fuel sources...

 We can prevent a fire from happening.

 The best way to prevent a fire is to correct

hazards that can cause a fire. 

What are some of the hazards you see in this picture and what can we do to correct them?

 Think about your bedroom. What are some

of the hazards that might exist there? Extension cords running under clothes, furniture, or rugs  Furniture in front of windows that may be used as a secondary exit  Cluttered closets - stuff piled too close to the light  Burning incense or candles in your bedroom  Lamps or novelty lights left on  Any others? 

 Does your bedroom have a smoke alarm in

it?  Do you sleep with your bedroom door open or

closed? Always sleep with your bedroom door closed  Closed doors help to limit the spread of smoke and fire 

 Is your bedroom in the basement? 

Do you have a window in your room for escape if needed?

 The best way to prevent a fire is to correct

hazards that can cause a fire. 

What are some of the hazards you see in this picture and what can we do to correct them?

REMEMBER - Fire moves very fast and gets very hot very quickly so get out immediately and stay out!

Fire Classes

A

Trash Wood Paper

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B

Liquids Grease

• • • • • • •

C

Electrical Equipment

wood cloth paper rubber many plastics

gasoline oil grease tar oil-based paint lacquer flammable gases

•

COMBUSTIBLE

D METALS

• • • • • •

energized electrical equipment

magnesium sodium potassium titanium zirconium other flammable metals

Fire Classes (cont.) CLASS K FIRES K Cooking Media

• Recently recognized by NFPA 10. • Fires involving combustible vegetable or animal nonsaturated cooking fats in commercial cooking equipment.

Fire Extinguisher Anatomy DISCHARGE LEVER

DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN AND SEAL

PRESSURE GAUGE (not found on CO2 extinguishers) CARRYING HANDLE

DISCHARGE HOSE

DATA PLATE

DISCHARGE NOZZLE

DISCHARGE ORIFICE

BODY

In the event of a fire, your personal safety is your most important concern. Remember – you are not required to fight a fire.

BEFORE you consider fighting a fire . . .  Call the fire department.  Confirm that the fire is small and is not spreading.  Confirm you have a safe path to an exit not threatened by the fire.  You know what kind of extinguisher is required and the correct extinguisher is immediately at hand.

NEVER fight a fire if . . .  The fire is spreading beyond the immediate area in which it started, or if it is already a large fire.  The fire could block your escape route.  You are unsure of the proper operation of the extinguisher.  You doubt that the extinguisher you are holding is designed for the type of fire at hand or is large enough to fight the fire.

Multi-Class Ratings Many extinguishers available today can be used on different types of fires and will be labeled with more than one designator, e.g. A-B, B-C, or A-B-C. This label shows that this extinguisher can be used on ordinary combustibles (A) or flammable liquids (B). The red slash through the last symbol tells you that the extinguisher cannot be used on electrical fires (C). Be advised that most fire extinguishers will function for less than 40 seconds.

New Style of Labeling

Old Style of Labeling

10 Tips on How and When to Use a Fire Extinguisher

1

Most fires start small. Except for explosions, fires can usually be brought under control if they are attacked correctly with the right type and size of extinguisher within the first 2 minutes!

2 A fire extinguisher should be "listed and

labeled" by an independent testing laboratory. The higher the rating number on an A or B extinguisher, the more fire it can put out. Be careful, high-rated units are often heavier models. Make sure you can hold and operate the model you are using.

3 Before attempting to fight a small

fire, be sure everyone is out of the area. Ensure someone has called the fire department. If the fire starts to spread or threatens your escape path, get out immediately!

4

The operator must know how to use the extinguisher quickly without taking time to read directions during an emergency. Remember that the extinguishers need care and must be recharged after every use.

IF YOU FIGHT A FIRE, REMEMBER THE WORD

PASS PULL . . . AIM . . . SQUEEZE . . . SWEEP

5 PULL... the pin. Some extinguishers

require releasing a lock latch, pressing a puncture lever or other motion.

6

AIM... low, pointing the extinguisher nozzle (or it's horn or hose) at the base of the fire.

7 SQUEEZE... the handle. This releases the extinguishing agent.

8

SWEEP... from side to side at the base of the fire until it appears to be out. Watch the fire area in case fire breaks out again, and repeat use of extinguisher if necessary.

9 Read and follow the directions on your

extinguisher. If you have the slightest doubt about whether or not to fight a fire – DON’T! Get out and close the door behind you.

10 Ask your fire department about training and practice in the use of fire extinguishers. Many departments offer training sessions to the public.

Learn how and when to use a fire extinguisher BEFORE an emergency and . . . always keep your fire extinguisher fully charged!

HOME HAZARD HUNT  

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Do you believe that your home is a safe place to be? Statistics show that most fires, accidents and injuries occur at home. An important step in family preparedness is the identification of hazards in your home. Once the hazards identified, it doesn’t take much time or effort to make your home a safer place to be through action plan.