Sparql Tutorial I
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SPARQL TUTORIAL BY AMNA BASHARAT
7th October , 2008 FAST‐NU , Islamabad
Self Reading Value Partitions ‐You Must Conver! Covering Axioms C i i Using the Property Matrix Wizard Cardinality Restrictions Datatype Properties Creating Individuals Namespaces and Ontology Imports Enumerated Classes Annotation Properties p Open World Reasoning FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
QUIZ!
Electronic Quizzes Generally MCQs or True/False If it is an open ended question then you are expected to answer it
on your own. Go to www.Quizstar.4teachers.org Login using your username and password L i i d d à You username and password have been created à They can be obtained from me or viewed in the course folder à Your Class is SWT
Enter your Details Change your password! Take the Quiz …when assigned! à Fixed Time
You can also view answers once the Quiz Expires! You may as well be given some assignments FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
Trial Quiz! You must take the Trial Quiz today. The actual Quiz to be released very soon. Would give you essential practice before the
upcoming Sessional II à Would require sound logical understanding of
Ontologies. O l i à May Also require you to do things practically.
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
ABOUT THE PROJECT
Next Deliverable Application/ Architecture Ontology Reasoning Support Due Date : 9 9th October, 2008 ,
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
Guidelines for OWL Model
An OWL Model (well documented) containing the ontology developed for the chosen business domain à The ontology is expected to contain between 40 and 50
classes with a well‐defined taxonomy (i.e., class/subclass hierarchy), properties and conditions.
à Examples of individual instances must be defined as
well.
Refer to the Guidelines Document for
Coverage of OWL Constructs
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
Documentation of your Ontology The ontology should be complemented by a
g documentation containing
à à à à
design considerations and decisions The developed Taxonomy comments and assumptions for a better understanding of g the ontology and decisions The document should be written in a clear and concise manner.
List of Scenarios, Competency Questions List of Scenarios Competency Questions
that your Ontology is capable of answering Reasoning Mechanisms, Classifications that g , you have performed Limitations and Recommended Modifications/ Enhancement to your Ontology FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SPARQL TUTORIAL
RDF RDF is quite committed to Semantic Web. à Data model d l à Serialization by means of XML à Formal semantics F l i
Still something is missing! à A standard query language. à A way for the queries and their respective results
to be transported between applications / services.
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
…result
SPARQL FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
in a nutshell
Adapted from fabien, gandon, inria
RDF triple model
is the first layer of the semantic web standards FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SPARQL on top...
an RDF query language and data access protocol FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SPARQL stands for
SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SPARQL in 3 parts
part 1: query language part 2: result format part 3: access protocol FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SPARQL query SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE { ... } FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SELECT clause
to identify the values to be returned FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
FROM clause
to identify the data sources to query q y FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
WHERE clause
the triple/graph pattern to be matched against the g triples/graphs of RDF FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
WHERE clause a conjunction of triples: { ?x rdf:type ex:Person ?x ex:name ?name }
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
PREFIX
to declare the schema used in the query q y FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
example
: persons and their names
PREFIX ex: SELECT ?person ?name WHERE { ?person rdf:type ex:Person ?person ex:name ?name . }
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
Example or Result <sparql xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/sparql-results#" > http://inria.fr/schema#fg gandon
...
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
ASK
to check just if there is at least one answer ; result is ; "true" or "false"
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
Example: is there a person older than 17 ? PREFIX ex: ASK { ?person ex:age ?age FILTER (? (?age > 17) }
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
CONSTRUCT
return a specific RDF graph for each result g p FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
return instances of adults for Example: persons older than 17 PREFIX ex: CONSTRUCT { ?person rdf:type ex:Adult } WHERE { ?person ex:age ?age FILTER (?age > 17) } FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SPARQL protocol
sending queries and their results accross the web FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
Example:
with HTTP Binding
GET /sparql/?query=<encoded query> HTTP/1.1 Host: www.inria.fr User-agent: my-sparql-client/0.1
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
Example:
with SOAP Binding
<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<soapenv:Body> SELECT ?x ?p ?y WHERE {?x ?p ?y} / / p p
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
TAKE‐AWAY summary of SPARQL
SPARQL is... ... a query language ... ... a result format ... lt f t ... an access protocol ... p FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
for RDF
...
SPARQL query language based on the triple model ?x b d th t i l d l ? ?p ? ?y ? filters to add constraints optional parts and alternative parts FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SOME MORE EXAMPLES
SPARQL SPARQL = Query Language + Protocol + XML Results Format
•
Access and query RDF graphs
•
Product of the RDF Data Access Working Group
•
Status: W3C Candidate Recommendation
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SPARQL Query: example PREFIX dc:
SELECT ?title2 WHERE { ?doc
dc:title
"SPARQL at speed" .
?doc
dc:creator
?c .
?docOther dc:creator
?c .
?docOther dc:title
?title2
}
•
On an abstracts/papers database: p p y g p p “Find other papers by the authors of a given paper.” FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SPARQL Query PREFIX dc:
SELECT ?title2 WHERE {
?doc dc:title FILTER regex(?title,
?title . "SPARQL") .
?doc
?c .
dc:creator
?c foaf:name ?name . OPTIONAL { ?doc shop:price ?price } }
•
“Find books with ‘SPARQL’ in the title. Get the authors’ name and the price (if available).” price (if available).
•
Multiple vocabularies FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
Inference •
An RDF graph may be backed by inference − OWL, RDFS, application, rules OWL RDFS application rules
:x rdf:type :C . :C rdfs:subClassOf :D .
PREFIX
rdf:
SELECT ?type WHERE { ?x rdf:type ?type . } -------| type | ======== | :C
|
| :D
|
-------FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
DATA VIRTUALIZATION VIA SPARQL
SPARQL : Data Virtualization SPARQL as integrator à Data remains where it is i h i i à Existing applications untouched à data appears as RDF, remap query to native form d RDF i f
SPARQL to SQL Direct mapping of tables i i f bl Semi‐automatic generation of mapping SquirrelRDF (also does LDAP)
Modelled: D2RQ High‐quality mapping, manually developed
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
Federated Query Single Point of Access g SPARQL Que ery
• Inputs: Inp ts – Service Description – Information
Directory – Request
SPA ARQL Query
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SP PARQL Query Q
– Unified results
SPA ARQL Query
• Outputs:
Query Broker SPARQL => SPARQL
RDF
Corp LDAP
Doc DB
Access Multiple Sources PREFIX dc: PREFIX ldap:
PREFIX foaf:
SELECT ?name ?name2 { ?doc
dc:title
?title .
FILTER regex(?title, “SPARQL”) . ?doc
dc:creator
?reseacher .
?researcher
ldap:email
?email .
?researcher
ldap:name
?name
}
•
“Find the name and email addresses of authors of a paper”
•
Query tech reports first, then go to LDAP for more information.
•
SQL database; LDAP server FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
Access Multiple Sources PREFIX dc: p PREFIX ldap:
PREFIX foaf:
SELECT ?name ?name2 { ?doc
dc:title
?title .
?doc
dc:creator
?reseacher .
?researcher
ldap:email
<mailto:[email protected]> .
}
•
“Find the reports written by the person with “Fi d th t itt b th ith email address [email protected]
•
Go to LDAP first then the reports database Go to LDAP first, then the reports database FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SPARQL : Protocol SPARQL = Query Language + Protocol + XML Results Format
•
One request type expressed in WSDL
•
HTTP and SOAP
•
Results: fixed XML form for further transformation
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
Links Jena: Java and .Net Semantic Web Framework à http://jena.sourceforge.net/ à RDF, SPARQL, OWL, Rules à Open source: BSD‐license O BSD li Commercial and non‐commercial use
SPARQL Query à http://jena.sourceforge.net/ARQ
SPARQL Protocol à http://www.joseki.org
SquirrelRDF: Access legacy SQL: à http://jena.sourceforge.net/SquirrelRDF FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SPARQL Update INSERT { book:newBook dc:title Q “More about SPARQL” . book:newBook dc:creator [ foaf:mbox foaf:name
<mailto:alex@example> ; “Alex Author”
]
} DELETE { ?book dc:title
?title ;
dc:creator ?c } WHERE { ?book dc:title ?title ; dc:creator ?c FILTER regex(?title, regex(?title “first first edition”) edition ) }
• Future HP proposal to W3C F t HP l t W C FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
DUA ONTOLOGY
Taxonomy Dua
Qurani Duas
Duas To Seek K Knowledge l d
DuasToSeekParadise
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
Masnoon Duas
….
RDF Model of Duas isRelatedTo Prophet Dua
containsDua
hasRelatedDua
isContainedIn
Surah
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
hasTheme
Theme
SAMPLE SPARQL QUERIES
Search Dua with a Particular Theme PREFIX dua: SELECT ?D ?theme WHERE { ?D dua:hasTheme ?theme.}
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
7th October , 2008 FAST‐NU , Islamabad
Self Reading Value Partitions ‐You Must Conver! Covering Axioms C i i Using the Property Matrix Wizard Cardinality Restrictions Datatype Properties Creating Individuals Namespaces and Ontology Imports Enumerated Classes Annotation Properties p Open World Reasoning FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
QUIZ!
Electronic Quizzes Generally MCQs or True/False If it is an open ended question then you are expected to answer it
on your own. Go to www.Quizstar.4teachers.org Login using your username and password L i i d d à You username and password have been created à They can be obtained from me or viewed in the course folder à Your Class is SWT
Enter your Details Change your password! Take the Quiz …when assigned! à Fixed Time
You can also view answers once the Quiz Expires! You may as well be given some assignments FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
Trial Quiz! You must take the Trial Quiz today. The actual Quiz to be released very soon. Would give you essential practice before the
upcoming Sessional II à Would require sound logical understanding of
Ontologies. O l i à May Also require you to do things practically.
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
ABOUT THE PROJECT
Next Deliverable Application/ Architecture Ontology Reasoning Support Due Date : 9 9th October, 2008 ,
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
Guidelines for OWL Model
An OWL Model (well documented) containing the ontology developed for the chosen business domain à The ontology is expected to contain between 40 and 50
classes with a well‐defined taxonomy (i.e., class/subclass hierarchy), properties and conditions.
à Examples of individual instances must be defined as
well.
Refer to the Guidelines Document for
Coverage of OWL Constructs
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
Documentation of your Ontology The ontology should be complemented by a
g documentation containing
à à à à
design considerations and decisions The developed Taxonomy comments and assumptions for a better understanding of g the ontology and decisions The document should be written in a clear and concise manner.
List of Scenarios, Competency Questions List of Scenarios Competency Questions
that your Ontology is capable of answering Reasoning Mechanisms, Classifications that g , you have performed Limitations and Recommended Modifications/ Enhancement to your Ontology FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SPARQL TUTORIAL
RDF RDF is quite committed to Semantic Web. à Data model d l à Serialization by means of XML à Formal semantics F l i
Still something is missing! à A standard query language. à A way for the queries and their respective results
to be transported between applications / services.
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
…result
SPARQL FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
in a nutshell
Adapted from fabien, gandon, inria
RDF triple model
is the first layer of the semantic web standards FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SPARQL on top...
an RDF query language and data access protocol FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SPARQL stands for
SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SPARQL in 3 parts
part 1: query language part 2: result format part 3: access protocol FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SPARQL query SELECT ... FROM ... WHERE { ... } FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SELECT clause
to identify the values to be returned FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
FROM clause
to identify the data sources to query q y FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
WHERE clause
the triple/graph pattern to be matched against the g triples/graphs of RDF FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
WHERE clause a conjunction of triples: { ?x rdf:type ex:Person ?x ex:name ?name }
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
PREFIX
to declare the schema used in the query q y FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
example
: persons and their names
PREFIX ex:
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
Example or Result <sparql xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/sparql-results#" >
...
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
ASK
to check just if there is at least one answer ; result is ; "true" or "false"
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
Example: is there a person older than 17 ? PREFIX ex:
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
CONSTRUCT
return a specific RDF graph for each result g p FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
return instances of adults for Example: persons older than 17 PREFIX ex:
SPARQL protocol
sending queries and their results accross the web FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
Example:
with HTTP Binding
GET /sparql/?query=<encoded query> HTTP/1.1 Host: www.inria.fr User-agent: my-sparql-client/0.1
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
Example:
with SOAP Binding
<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<soapenv:Body>
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
TAKE‐AWAY summary of SPARQL
SPARQL is... ... a query language ... ... a result format ... lt f t ... an access protocol ... p FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
for RDF
...
SPARQL query language based on the triple model ?x b d th t i l d l ? ?p ? ?y ? filters to add constraints optional parts and alternative parts FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SOME MORE EXAMPLES
SPARQL SPARQL = Query Language + Protocol + XML Results Format
•
Access and query RDF graphs
•
Product of the RDF Data Access Working Group
•
Status: W3C Candidate Recommendation
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SPARQL Query: example PREFIX dc:
SELECT ?title2 WHERE { ?doc
dc:title
"SPARQL at speed" .
?doc
dc:creator
?c .
?docOther dc:creator
?c .
?docOther dc:title
?title2
}
•
On an abstracts/papers database: p p y g p p “Find other papers by the authors of a given paper.” FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SPARQL Query PREFIX dc:
SELECT ?title2 WHERE {
?doc dc:title FILTER regex(?title,
?title . "SPARQL") .
?doc
?c .
dc:creator
?c foaf:name ?name . OPTIONAL { ?doc shop:price ?price } }
•
“Find books with ‘SPARQL’ in the title. Get the authors’ name and the price (if available).” price (if available).
•
Multiple vocabularies FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
Inference •
An RDF graph may be backed by inference − OWL, RDFS, application, rules OWL RDFS application rules
:x rdf:type :C . :C rdfs:subClassOf :D .
PREFIX
rdf:
SELECT ?type WHERE { ?x rdf:type ?type . } -------| type | ======== | :C
|
| :D
|
-------FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
DATA VIRTUALIZATION VIA SPARQL
SPARQL : Data Virtualization SPARQL as integrator à Data remains where it is i h i i à Existing applications untouched à data appears as RDF, remap query to native form d RDF i f
SPARQL to SQL Direct mapping of tables i i f bl Semi‐automatic generation of mapping SquirrelRDF (also does LDAP)
Modelled: D2RQ High‐quality mapping, manually developed
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
Federated Query Single Point of Access g SPARQL Que ery
• Inputs: Inp ts – Service Description – Information
Directory – Request
SPA ARQL Query
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SP PARQL Query Q
– Unified results
SPA ARQL Query
• Outputs:
Query Broker SPARQL => SPARQL
RDF
Corp LDAP
Doc DB
Access Multiple Sources PREFIX dc: PREFIX ldap:
PREFIX foaf:
SELECT ?name ?name2 { ?doc
dc:title
?title .
FILTER regex(?title, “SPARQL”) . ?doc
dc:creator
?reseacher .
?researcher
ldap:email
?email .
?researcher
ldap:name
?name
}
•
“Find the name and email addresses of authors of a paper”
•
Query tech reports first, then go to LDAP for more information.
•
SQL database; LDAP server FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
Access Multiple Sources PREFIX dc: p PREFIX ldap:
PREFIX foaf:
SELECT ?name ?name2 { ?doc
dc:title
?title .
?doc
dc:creator
?reseacher .
?researcher
ldap:email
<mailto:[email protected]> .
}
•
“Find the reports written by the person with “Fi d th t itt b th ith email address [email protected]
•
Go to LDAP first then the reports database Go to LDAP first, then the reports database FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SPARQL : Protocol SPARQL = Query Language + Protocol + XML Results Format
•
One request type expressed in WSDL
•
HTTP and SOAP
•
Results: fixed XML form for further transformation
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
Links Jena: Java and .Net Semantic Web Framework à http://jena.sourceforge.net/ à RDF, SPARQL, OWL, Rules à Open source: BSD‐license O BSD li Commercial and non‐commercial use
SPARQL Query à http://jena.sourceforge.net/ARQ
SPARQL Protocol à http://www.joseki.org
SquirrelRDF: Access legacy SQL: à http://jena.sourceforge.net/SquirrelRDF FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
SPARQL Update INSERT { book:newBook dc:title Q “More about SPARQL” . book:newBook dc:creator [ foaf:mbox foaf:name
<mailto:alex@example> ; “Alex Author”
]
} DELETE { ?book dc:title
?title ;
dc:creator ?c } WHERE { ?book dc:title ?title ; dc:creator ?c FILTER regex(?title, regex(?title “first first edition”) edition ) }
• Future HP proposal to W3C F t HP l t W C FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
DUA ONTOLOGY
Taxonomy Dua
Qurani Duas
Duas To Seek K Knowledge l d
DuasToSeekParadise
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
Masnoon Duas
….
RDF Model of Duas isRelatedTo Prophet Dua
containsDua
hasRelatedDua
isContainedIn
Surah
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
hasTheme
Theme
SAMPLE SPARQL QUERIES
Search Dua with a Particular Theme PREFIX dua:
FAST – NU, Islamabad, Fall 2008
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