Solid-waste_pakikita Man Nukwa Jay Spacing Na.docx

POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL MANUAL OF THE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering

Submitted by: GONZALES, RUBINA C. GUILLERMO, DENVER V. MAMBA, RHEA D. MANALIGOD, LAICA C. PASION, CHERILYN S.

Submitted to: ENGR. MARY JANE CALAGUI

March 2019

INTRODUCTON

I.

Cagayan State University (CSU)-Carig Campus is largest state institution of higher learning in the Cagayan Valley Region with a land area of 21.2 hectares with 7 different colleges offering 24 undergraduate programs in arts, agriculture, natural sciences, and technology. CSU-Carig stands firm to its vision of transforming the lives of Cagayanos and the Filipinos at large by educating for the best. It offers quality education by providing meaningful leaning experiences. One of the fundamental aspect in quality education is to have a conducive school environment that can contribute to a better learning. Psychologically, a student can have a better performance and achievements when they enjoy learning knowing that the campus has adequate security and a friendly environment. However, solid wastes is one of the biggest threat and hindrance for Cagayan State University to have this conducive school environment for learning. The lives of every college student is full of hassles, demands, and deadlines. One of the solution to avoid this stressful lives of being a student is to practice time management. However, student’s time is a limited resource. To manage time and for a convenient lifestyle, students prefer single-use product which lead to a high quantities of solid wastes generated. As an educational institution, it is the responsibility of CSUCarig to act responsibly towards the environment and society. CSU-Carig must drive the efforts about this issue of wastes for it is to improve its image as well as to ensure cleanliness, orderliness of the Campus. In order to attain this, waste management should not only be implemented but also practiced and monitored in the university. In this manual, it presents the greatest contributor of wastes in the campus, how wastes are being generated, the wastes that are generated, and the possible prevention and control of the wastes in the campus.

A. WASTE MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY

1. Disposal The topmost in the hierarchy of the College of Engineering is disposal because most of the time, wastes are placed in trash bins after they are discarded by the users. Papers, plastics and other wastes that can be still beneficial are discarded immediately after use and are not usually reused or recycled. This practice makes disposal to be in the topmost of the hierarchy of the college. 2. Reuse The next strategy emphasizes the reuse of materials for other purposes. This practice involves reusing of papers and water bottles. For example, some professors use the back of printed bond papers for printing lectures and some students use their paper scraps for solving problems and notepads instead of disposing it immediately. Also, water bottles are commonly reused by the students. They fill it with water in their boarding houses before going to school instead of buying another bottle of water. However, the number of reusing it is limited because it can be easily forgotten in their class rooms or disposed when it is empty.

3. Source Reduction After reuse, the next strategy in the hierarchy is the source reduction. Both the college employees and students practiced this strategy to reduce the volume of solid waste generated before it even enters the waste streams. Professors allow their students to submit their requirements digitally rather than in print. In order to reduce the plastic bottles generated, college employees and students bring their own water bottles. 4. Recycle Recycling is the most common strategy yet it is in the lowest level of waste management hierarchy in the College of Engineering. This is practiced during lantern making contest wherein students make lantern out of recyclable materials. B. INSTITUTON PROFILE 1. Cagayan State University-Carig Campus CSU – Carig Campus is located at Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City with a total land area of 20.12 hectares which houses seven (7) colleges offering 24 undergraduate programs in the arts, agriculture, engineering, natural sciences, and technology. Carig Campus is headed by Dr. Arthur G. Ibañez who is the current Campus Executive Officer. The campus niche programs are food industry innovation and metal industry. 2. College of Engineering Engr. Audy R. Quebral is the current dean of the college that offers six programs (Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Electronics and Communications Engineering). The waste generators in the building B includes the college employees, students, some natural sources (trees, plants, etc.), and some vendors roaming around the area.

3. Input and Outputs INPUT

OUTPUT Foods

Foods

Hygiene/Personal Care



Food Wrappers



Plastics Bottles



Plastic Wrappers



Styrofoam



Plastic spoon and fork

Hygiene/Personal Cares 

Tissue



Plastic container of

alcohol, face powder, and toothpaste

School Supplies School Supplies

Garden Wastes



Bondpaper



Notebook leaves



Ballpen



Pencil shavings

Garden Waste  Leaves  Twigs

Wastes generated by the College of Engineering specifically the B-building generally comes from food, hygiene/personal care, school supplies and garden or the natural resources. These inputs are used by the students and college employees which later become wastes. These includes the food wrappers, plastic bottles, plastic wrappers, styrofoam and plastic spoon and fork which are from food. While hygiene/personal care add to the wastes such as tissue and plastic containers of alcohol, face powder, toothpaste etc. In addition, wastes that come from school supplies contributes to the volume of wastes such as bondpapers, notebook leaves, ballpen and pencil shavings. Trees also contributes to the wastes of the college because of its falling twigs and leaves.

4. Process Flow WASTES GENERATION

Vendors

Students

COE Employees

Natural Sources

Food Waste

Hygiene/Personal Care Waste

School Supply Wastes

Garden Wastes

W A S T E S M A N A G E M E N T

Trash Bins

Big Blue Drums

Dump Truck

Landfill

The flow of how solid wastes from College of Engineering was generated from students, natural sources and COE employees to how will the waste will be manage through different practices on how to dispose the wastes is shown in the figure. The wastes were classified into four categories which are food waste, hygiene/ personal care waste, school supplies and garden waste then all these categories will be directly thrown to trash bins to big blue drums, to dump truck and to the landfill. 5. Applicable Environmental Regulations  Republic Act 9003: Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2001 The act policy declaration is to ensure the protection of public health and environment and to utilize environmentally-sound methods that maximize the utilization of valuable resources and encourage conservation and recovery. Also, to ensure the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adoption of the best environmental practices in ecological waste management excluding incineration. This law is applicable in the solid management of College of Engineering to ensure good waste handling and correct separation of the waste generated in the Building B.  Presidential Decree 825 Provides penalty for the improper disposal of garbage and other forms of uncleanliness and for other purposes. All garbage, filth and other waste matters, shall be placed in the proper receptacles for the disposition thereof by garbage collectors. If the violator is a corporation, firm or other corporate entities, the maximum penalty shall be imposed upon the president, manager, director or persons responsible for its operation. Penalties include imprisonment for between five days and one year or fines between P100 and P2000.  Republic Act: 6969 (Toxic Substances and Hazardous Waste Control Act) This Act makes provisions in order to manage industrial chemicals and hazardous waste in all aspect of its life cycle, “cradle to grave”. It regulates, restrict

and/or prohibit the importation, distribution, use, manufacture of chemical substances and generation, transportation, treatment, storage and disposal of chemical substances and mixtures presenting risk and/or injury to human and animal health or to the environment. It also provides the prohibition of entry and transit of hazardous and nuclear waste and their disposal into the Philippines while encouraging research and studies on toxic chemicals. This law is applicable to the e-waste of the college of engineering which needs to be properly disposed. The functional parts of a material can be reused rather than disposing. E-waste is composed of inorganic chemicals which includes lead, cadmium, beryllium, mercury and brominated flame retardants. Disposing of gadgets and devices improperly increases the chances of these dangerous chemicals contaminating the soil, polluting the air and leaching into water bodies.