Smoking Habbits Of Students

Smoking Habits of Students

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Smoking Habits of Students

CONTENTS

Smoking Habits among Students

1. INTRODUCTION

03

a. Indian Cigarette Industry b. Capacity and Production c. Marketing Research d. Major Cigarette Players in India and their Brands e. Facts about Indian Cigarette Industry

2. THE SURVEY 3. OBJECTIVES OF SURVEY 4. WHO CAN USE THIS SURVEY 5. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY a. Research Problem b. Research Design

6. QUESTIONNAIRE FORMAT a. Measurement and Scaling Technique

7. QUESTION ORIENTATION and GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF RESPONSES TO EACH QUESTION a. About Questionnaire 8. TEST OF HYPOTHESIS a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h.

Hypothesis Significance Level Critical Region Test Static Computation of Values Calculation of Standard Deviation Calculation of ‘Z’ Conclusion of Hypothesis Test

9. MAJOR FINDINGS

10. CONCLUSION

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Smoking Habits of Students

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Smoking Habits among Students

INTRODUCTION

Smoking Habits among Students WARNING:

CIGARETTE SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH

Indian Cigarette Industry The cigarette industry is one of the oldest industries in India. It is an important agro based industry. It is highly labour intensive & provides livelihood to about 5 million people directly and indirectly. Cigarette is an item falling under the First Schedule to the Industries (Development & Regulation) Act, 1951 and requires an industrial license. Cigarette industry in India is essentially capital intensive in nature. The growth of cigarette industry both in domestic and international market represents a big revenue opportunity for the economy. But the burden of Tobacco tax has increasingly shifted to cigarette with the removal of duty on raw Tobacco since 1979, resulting in discriminatory rates of duty compared to other Tobacco products. India's share in world cigarette production has remained at around 1.7% whereas India's exports of around 2.8 billion sticks of cigarette per year amounts for less than 1% of the world export of cigarette. There is significant opportunity for cigarette industry to extent and consolidated its position in intentional market due to some recent trend like withdrawal/reduction of agricultural subsidy and escalating cost in the traditional cigarette exporting countries.

Capacity and Production At present, there are 19 units in the organised sector engaged in the manufacture of cigarettes with a total installed capacity of about 147.38 billion pieces per annum. The production of cigarettes during 2003-2004 was 49269 million sticks. During the current year

1

Smoking Habits among Students

i.e. 2004-05, the production (upto November) has been 33145.13 million sticks.

Marketing Research Research connotes a systematic and objective investigation of a subject or problem in order to discover relevant information or principles and analyzing those information for marketing decision making. With increasing market dynamics marketing research has become vital and R&D process has gained its relevance in big and small organizations. With this project we have taken up a market survey considering each and every aspect of marketing research viz. collection of data and analyzing it to make marketing decisions.

Major Cigarette Players in India and their Brands

Filter-Premium

-

Filter-Medium

Filter-Lower

Non-filterHigher

Non-filterLower

India Kings, Classic kings, Gold Flake Honey Dew, Gold Flake ITC

Lights,

Classic

Milds,

Classic

Ultra Milds, India Kings, Benson

Wills Filter King

Gold Flake, Bristol Scissors

Hero

& Hedges, Benson & Hedges Lights, 555 State Express GPI Rothmans , Jaisalmer

Four Square Kings, Red & White Kings

Four

Square Red & White, Cavenders

Premium,

Red

White.

VST Kingston, Burton, Legend

Charms Mini Kings Charms Filter

GTC Chancellor Brown

Panama Filter King Panama Filter

& Cavenders Gold, Leaf Charminar Gold Flair

Medium Plain Panama

2

Smoking Habits among Students

FACTS ABOUT INDIAN CIGARETTE INDUSTRY

In the medium term, cigarette consumption in India is expected to grow by 12 percent annually on account of the higher personal disposable income.

Cigarette consumption has fallen from 103 billion sticks in 199798 to around 86 billion sticks in 200102, an annual drop of around 3.5 percent. However, in 200203, demand grew by around 5 percent to 90 billion sticks, triggered mainly by the marginal shift from bidis to cigarette. In coming year it is estimated to have an increase of 23 percent.

Government regulations in the form high excise duties and restrictions on advertisements continue to have an adverse impact on the industry.

The increasing sale of smuggled cigarettes poses a challenge to Indian Players.

Contraband trade of cigarettes is estimated to cost Rs. 20 billion in the form of loss of tax revenue and unaccounted flow of foreign exchange.

Source: CRIS INFAC ANALYSIS

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Smoking Habits among Students

THE SURVEY Smoking Habits among Students WARNING:

CIGARETTE SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH

We always find this warning labeled on the cigarette packs. Instead of this cigarettes are being consumed.

The use of tobacco as cigarettes is a phenomenon predominating the 21st century. Due to the large variety of diseases caused by smoking now it has taken a form of epidemic. The major diseases caused due to smoking are cardio vascular diseases, respiratory diseases, atherosclerosis or narrowing of arteries, lung cancer and cancer of oral cavity etc. The smokers are 3 to 4 times more prone to heart diseases than non smokers and 90% lung cancer deaths are due to smoking.

The present scenario of health and social risks due to smoking is a challenge in the 21st century. Unless it is not managed properly and in time it will become an uncontrollable behavior leading to long term health and social problems all over the world.

We thought can we introduce a cigarette in a market which is non-injurious to health means a cigarette which do not result in any type of health hazard to the students as students are the future of our nation.

Thus we found it very genuine to conduct a survey among the students of different colleges including smokers and non-smokers in order to study various aspects of cigarette smoking habits.

4

Smoking Habits among Students

OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY Smoking Habits among Students Apart from a learning objective, to know how a survey is being done, the analysis of the data is carried out the major objectives of this survey can be summed up as:

1. To find out the background of smokers (Students).

2. To assess monthly expenditure on smoking.

3. To find out the most vulnerable age of smoking.

4. To find out the major reasons of smoking among Students

5. To find out the market feasibility of a Cigarette which is noninjurious to health but provides reasonable level of satisfaction (Hypothesis Testing).

5

Smoking Habits among Students

WHO CAN USE THIS SURVEY Smoking Habits among Students This survey has been a part of study and a sincere effort in finding out basic reasons of smoking habits among college students. The various finding and analyses of this study can be put into use to study further into this topic.

This study can be used by the following individuals and institutions:

1. Government Officials – Government officials can use this study for various policies making. It can be put into use to provide better regulations on Tobacco (Cigarette) consumption by students.

2. Tobacco Companies – This survey and its analysis can help those companies who are engaged in cigarette production. With the help of this survey they can know the prevailing trends of smoking among students a major target market for them so as to provide better quality products by studying the personal traits of smokers.

3. NGOs – Non-Government Organizations which are engaged in proving awareness about smoking among students can also this survey study. This may be help for them to know basic reasons which leads students into smoking.

4. Further Researchers – This study can be taken as the base study and a source of information for further studies in the related fields.

6

Smoking Habits among Students

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Smoking Habits among Students

Research Problem With increasing trends of smoking among students we thought it can be useful to study the behavior and various aspects due to which college students engaged in smoking. Also a market study is done to check the feasibility of a cigarette which is noninjurious to health and provides a reasonable level of satisfaction.

Research Design The research design includes the overall research structure i.e. how the research has been conducted in each phase.

This research is been conducted as a part of original study about the smoking habits among students. Data of 361 students have been collected through questionnaire consist of several questions to know personal opinions of the respondents about smoking related traits.

The data has been analyzed through various statistical tools viz. correlation, hypothesis testing etc. The report has been prepared in the detail format including all computations of the values generated from the data collected. The data is then entered in the computer system with a help of a software system designed by us in Visual Basic 6.0.

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Smoking Habits among Students

QUESTIONNAIRE FORMAT Smoking Habits among Students Questionnaire This survey is a part of a study. Please fill this form will full sincerity and be a part of a Revolution

Do you smoke? Regularly

Occasionally

Tried Once/Twice

No

If yes, at what age you started smoking _________ years Who is your favorite hero? Shahrukh Khan

Salman Khan

John Abrahim

Amir Khan

Other_______

Where do you spend most of your free time? With Family

Club-Disco

Watching Movies

Roaming with Friends

What do you think how people get cigarettes? Borrow from Friends

Buy Them

Stole Them

Other Way

How much pocket money do you get per month? 300600

100300

More Then 900

600900

On Which items do you spent the most of your money? Food Stuff

Entertainment

Clothing

Other_______

What do you think how much money people generally spent on smoking per month? 300-600

900-1100

600-900

1100-1300

1300-1500

More then 1500

What do you think what makes people start smoking? Friends

Depression

Celebrities

To be Stylish

What do you think is there any advantage that smokers have on nonsmokers? Attractive & have more Girlfriends/Boyfriends

Can Influence others easily

No Advantage

What is your opinion about a well body build person? Manly & Masculine

More Confident

Handsome

No opinion

What do you think at what times people feel smoking the most? Special Occasion

In Tension

To avoid Loneliness

After having food

No Specific Time

What do you think people once started smoking can quit it easily? Yes

Tries but fails

Leaves for times period

Can’t quit

When you see someone smoking what do you think of him? More Confident

Stupid

Successful

Cool-Dude

No Opinion

r

If a kind of a cigarette comes which is not injurious to health but gives you a reasonable level of satisfaction would you use it? Yes

No

How old are you? 15-17

17-19

19-21

21-23

23-25

25 & Older

` What is your gender? Male

Female

8

Smoking Habits among Students

Measurement and Scaling Technique For scaling and ranking Paired Ranking Method is being used. Each option of the Questionnaire has been given a rank from 1-4 according to the responses given to question in respect of question no. 15 as YES.

Questionnaire This survey is a part of a study. Please fill this form will full sincerity and be a part of a Revolution

Do you smoke? Regularly(4)

Occasionally(3)

Tried Once/Twice(1)

No(1)

If yes, at what age you started smoking _________ years Who is your favorite hero? Shahrukh Khan(4)

Where do you spend most of your free time?

Watching Movies(3)

Roaming with Friend(4)s

Amir Khan(1)

Salman Khan(2)

John Abrahim(3)

Other_______(1)

With Family(2)

Club-Disco(1)

What do you think how people get cigarettes? Borrow from Friends(4)

Buy Them(4)

Stole Them(4)

Other Way(2)

How much pocket money do you get per month? 300-600(2)

100-300(1)

More Then 900(3)

600-900(4)

On Which items do you spent the most of your money? Food Stuff(2)

Entertainment(4)

Clothing(3)

Other_______(1)

What do you think how much money people generally spent on smoking per month? 300-600(2)

9001100(3)

600-900(4)

11001300(1)

13001500(1)

More then 1500(1)

What do you think what makes people start smoking? Friends(3)

Celebrities(2)

Depression

(1)

To be Stylish(3)

What do you think is there any advantage that smokers have on nonsmokers? Attractive & have more Girlfriends/Boyfriends

Can Influence others easily

No Advantage

What is your opinion about a well body build person? Manly & Masculine

More Confident

Handsome

No opinion

What do you think at what times people feel smoking the most? Special Occasion(4)

In Tension(1)

To avoid Loneliness(2)

After having food(3)

No Specific Time(4)

What do you think people once started smoking can quit it easily? Yes(2)

Tries but fails(3)

Leaves for times period(1)

Can’t quit(4)

When you see someone smoking what do you think of him? More Confident

Stupid

Successful

Cool-Dude

No Opinion

r

If a kind of a cigarette comes which is not injurious to health but gives you a reasonable level of satisfaction would you use it? Yes

No

How old are you? 15-17

17-19

19-21

21-23

23-25

25 & Older

` What is your gender? Male

Female

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Smoking Habits among Students

10

Smoking Habits among Students

QUESTION ORIENTATION and GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF RESPONSES TO EACH QUESTION

About Questionnaire Questionnaire has been designed keeping in view each and every aspect of designing a Questionnaire. Direct as well as indirect questions are included so as to provide checks to those questionnaires which seem to be invalid. Also before providing final option for each question in the questionnaire a small survey has been conducted including 10 students (5 smokes and 5 non-smokes) about their views and then by choosing the best alternatives and options has been provided. The questionnaire includes 17 questions ranging from study related to personal questions. The questionnaire has been designed in such a way that smokers as well as non-smokers can also provide their general perception about smoking habits.

Why Pie Chart? Pie Chart is the most appropriate for representing division of the total value in terms of percentage in graphical form. To calculate the degree and measure of each response: Percentage = no. of responses / 361 Degree = Percentage of each response / 3.6

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Smoking Habits among Students

Do you smoke?

This question is the very basic question on which the research is based. The question is placed on the first position so as the respondent comes to know subject of study at the very inception. The options are:

The options are:

1. Regularly - Which means 5 or more cigarettes every day.

2. Occasionally - Which implies specific occasion on different days of a week of different days of month. For ex. 5 times in a month

3. Tried Once/Twice - These respondents are the starters and have taken only one or two puffs sometime.

4. No - This option is for those who don’t smoke.

29% 46%

Regularly Occasionally Tried Once/Twice

10%

15%

No

12

Smoking Habits among Students

At What Age You Started Smoking?

This question is only valid for smokers only. The question ask respondent about the age at which they started smoking. By this we can conclude the most vulnerable age for starting smoking. The data will be useful in finding correlation with other smoking habits also.

AGE

Following chart shows the various responses to the question:

23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12

2 2 8 7 17 35 24 37 21 13 16 11 0

10

20

30

40

No. of Responses

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Smoking Habits among Students

Who is your favorite hero?

This question is an indirect question about the favorite hero of the respondent. The question has been put up to find out influence of celebrities over smoking habits of students and to find out relation between favorite hero and frequency of smoking.

The options are :

1. ShahRuk Khan, John Abrahim & Salman Khan: These icons are chain smokers and have been kept to find out their influence on the respondent.

2. Amir Khan: He is a nonsmoker hero.

17%

ShahRuk Khan

1% 38%

John Abrahim Salman Khan

18%

Amir Khan 26%

Others

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Smoking Habits among Students

Where do you spend most of your free time?

This question is also an indirect question asking about where the respondent sends their free time. Through this question we wanted two find out a cprelation between the smoking habits and the place where people send most of their free time. The responses will also reveal that how much they are influenced by style factor when they smoke. The options are:

1. Roaming with Friends- if a respondent a smoker and ticks this option he might be influenced by friends.

2. Watching Movies – if a respondent a smoker and ticks this option he might be influenced by film stars.

3. Club-Disco - if a respondent a smoker and ticks this option he might be influenced by style factor.

4. With Family - if a respondent a smoker and ticks this option he might be influenced by some member of his family (father etc.).

Roaming with Friends

20%

Watching Movies

5% 50%

Club-Disco

25% With Family

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Smoking Habits among Students

What do you think how people get cigarettes?

This question is about how people get cigarette. And also is related with the market dimension of the study. The question is asked to check the responses in relation to many other cigarette consuming habits. For Ex: How many regular smokers buy cigarettes or borrow from friends or other options.

The options are: 1. Buy them 2. Borrow from friends 3. Stole them 4. Other way

Buy Them 3% 7%

Borrow from Friends

18%

Stole Them 72% OtherWay

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Smoking Habits among Students

How much pocket money do you get per month? The question has been put up to find out the relation between the amount of pocket money students get and the money spent on cigarette. The responses can further be useful in segmentation of the market for the new cigarette.

Options for this question are: 1. 100300 2. 300600 3. 600900 4. More Than 900

The options have been chosen in a wide range to include all categories of students ranging from Regular to Tried once/twice and from Lower middle class to higher class.

12%

33%

100-300 23%

300-600 600-900

32%

More Than 900

17

Smoking Habits among Students

On Which items do you spent the most of your money?

This is also an indirect question to check a correlation between the items on which the students spent most of their money and the smoking habit.

Options are: 1. Clothing 2. Entertainment 3. Food Stuff 4. Other

This question is an mixed option question which also include an open end which implies if respondent don’t find his choice in the options given he can write his own.

0%

22%

41%

Clothing Entertainment Food Stuf

37%

Other

18

Smoking Habits among Students

What do you think how much money people generally spent on smoking per month?

Thorough this question we have directly asked respondent personal opinion related to the expenditure on cigarette purchasing per month. The question is framed in the manner so that nonsmoker can also give their personal opinion with their knowledge.

Options are: 1. 300600 2. 600900 3. 9001100 4. 11001300 5. 13001500 6. More than 1500

1% 3%

300-600

6%

29%

21%

600-900 900-1100 1100-1300

40%

1300-1500 More than 1500

19

Smoking Habits among Students

What do you think what makes people start smoking?

This question directly asks about the different reasons because of which the students start smoking.

This question can also be correlated with many other questions such as age, favorite hero. Expenditure etc.

The Options are:

1. Friends – Those who are smokers and have picked this option are definitely influenced by their friends

2. Celebrities - Those who are smokers and have picked this option are definitely influenced by the celebrities.

3. Depression - Those who are smokers and have picked this option are definitely influenced by bad incidents and failures.

4. To be Stylish – These people are definitely are influenced by style factor to start smoking.

36%

38%

Friends Celebrities Depression

13%

13%

To be Stylish

20

Smoking Habits among Students

What do you think is there any advantage that smokers have on nonsmokers?

This question is an indirect question to find to is there any advantage smoker enjoys over nonsmokers. Also to find out the correlation between this and what people think of smokers when they see them smoking.

The Options are:

1. Attractive & Have more girlfriend/boyfriend 2. Can influence 3. No Advantage

9% 7%

84%

Attractive & Have more girlfriends/boyfrien ds Can influence other easily

No Advantage

21

Smoking Habits among Students

What is your opinion about a well body build person?

This is an indirect question to find out the influences of different traits of persons in relation to cigarette smoking.

The options are:

1. Manly & Masculine 2. Handsome 3. More Confident 4. No Opinion

25%

27%

Manly & masculine

15%

Handsome

33%

More Confident No Opinion

22

Smoking Habits among Students

What do you think at what times people feel smoking the most?

This question directly asked about he specific time on which smokers feel like smoking the most. The responses can be used to find out the correlation between options of do you smoke and this question.

For Ex: How many occasionally smokers have chosen no specific time or special occasion option in this question.

The options are:

1. In Tension 2. Special Occasion 3. To Avoid Loneliness 4. After Having Food

In Tension Special Occasion

23%

35%

7% 18%

17%

To avoid loneliness After Having food No Specific time

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Smoking Habits among Students

What do you think people once started smoking can quit it easily?

It is a direct question to know the personal opinion of the respondents that is it possible for smokers to quit smoking or not.

It may be also possible for them to leaves for a time period or they tried but failed.

The options are: 1. Yes 2. Tries but fails 3. Leaves for a time period 4. Can’t Quit

Yes 19%

36%

25% 20%

Tries but falis Leaves for times period Can't quit

24

Smoking Habits among Students

When you see someone smoking what do you think of him?

This question is an indirect question to know the perception of the respondent when they see somebody smoking.

Also to know indirectly what to smokers think of themselves smoking.

The options are: 1. More confident 2. Stupid 3. Successful

4. Cool-Dude 5. No Opinion

More confident

6% 43%

34%

Stupid Successful Cool-Dude

15%

2%

No Opinion

25

Smoking Habits among Students

If a kind of a cigarette comes which is not injurious to health but gives you a reasonable level of satisfaction would you use it?

This is the main question related to the hypothesis testing. Through this question we want to know the market feasibility of the cigarette which is non-injurious to health and give a reasonable level of satisfaction.

If the respondent chose the YES option means they are wiling to try the hypnotized cigarette and if NO means not wiling to try it.

47%

Yes 53%

No

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Smoking Habits among Students

How old are you?

This

is

the

personal

question

17%

about

3% 4%

the

age

of

the

respondent.

15-17

10%

17-19 19-21

32%

34%

21-23 23-25 25 & above

What is your gender?

19% Male Female 81%

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Smoking Habits among Students

TEST OF HYPOTHESIS Smoking Habits among Students

Hypothesis A Hypothesis is an assumption to be tested. Hypothesis tests are widely used in business and industry for making decisions. We have included q1, q6, q8, q12 in out hypothesis testing.

If a kind of a Cigarette comes in the market which is noninjurious to health but gives a reasonable level of satisfaction will be accepted by the market or not.

Ho:

Refers to the NULL hypothesis which has to be rejected in order to accept the

ALTERNATIVE hypothesis.

The cigarette which is non-injurious to health but give a reasonable level of satisfaction will not accepted by the market.

µ=4

H1:

Refers to the ALTERNATIVE hypothesis which has to be accepted at the time of the

rejection of the NULL hypothesis The cigarette which is non-injurious and give the reasonable level of satisfaction may be accepted by the market.

µ≠4

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Smoking Habits among Students

Significance Level After setting up the hypothesis the next step is to select a suitable level of significance. The confidence with which an experimenter rejects or retains the NULL hypothesis depend upon the significance level adopted. We have selected 5% significance level which means that there are about 5 chances out of 100 when this kind of cigarette will be accepted by the market, when it is not. That means we have taken the right decision.

Critical Region We have used two tailed test to find out the critical region. A two tailed test is that where the hypothesis is rejected for the value of X falling into the either tail of the rejection region.

A value of Z (Test Static) less than about -2.3 or greater than about +2.3 would call for us to reject the hypothesis at an alpha of 5%. We get these values by computing the inverse cumulative distribution function for values of alpha/2 and 1-alpha/2, respectively.

29

Smoking Habits among Students

Test Static Since our mean of each questionnaire is equal to 4 and the test consists of the study of the population mean of about 361 questionnaires we shall test the hypothesis by computing z static. The formula for computing Z is:

Z=

σX =

X − µ H0

σX

∑ (X − X )

2

n

µ =4 X = Mean of Each Questionnaire

X = Mean of All Questionnaire (361)

30

Smoking Habits among Students

Computation of Values F.No

Total of Each Qesnair

F.No

Total of Each Qesnair

F.No

Total of Each Qesnair

1

11

2.75

0.23

2

9

2.25

-0.27

0.05

45

5

1.25

-1.27

0.07

46

8

2

-0.52

1.61

89

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

0.27

90

14

3.5

0.98

3

12

3

0.48

0.23

47

12

3

0.96

0.48

0.23

91

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

4

10

5

8

2.5

-0.02

0.00

48

14

2

-0.52

0.27

49

14

3.5

0.98

0.96

92

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

3.5

0.98

0.96

93

4

1

-1.52

6

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

50

2.31

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

94

13

3.25

0.73

7

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

0.53

51

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

95

11

2.75

0.23

8

12

3

0.48

0.05

0.23

52

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

96

6

1.5

-1.02

9

11

2.75

1.04

0.23

0.05

53

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

97

12

3

0.48

0.23

10

7

11

12

1.75

-0.77

0.59

54

8

2

-0.52

0.27

98

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

3

0.48

0.23

55

8

2

-0.52

0.27

99

9

2.25

-0.27

12

0.07

6

1.5

-1.02

1.04

56

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

100

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

13

12

3

0.48

0.23

57

6

1.5

-1.02

1.04

101

12

3

0.48

0.23

14

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

58

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

102

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

15

12

3

0.48

0.23

59

15

3.75

1.23

1.51

103

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

16

14

3.5

0.98

0.96

60

4

1

-1.52

2.31

104

14

3.5

0.98

0.96

17

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

61

16

4

1.48

2.19

105

14

3.5

0.98

0.96

18

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

62

8

2

-0.52

0.27

106

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

19

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

63

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

107

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

20

6

1.5

-1.02

1.04

64

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

108

8

2

-0.52

0.27

21

14

3.5

0.98

0.96

65

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

109

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

22

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

66

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

110

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

23

8

2

-0.52

0.27

67

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

111

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

24

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

68

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

112

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

25

8

2

-0.52

0.27

69

8

2

-0.52

0.27

113

8

2

-0.52

0.27

26

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

70

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

114

6

1.5

-1.02

1.04

27

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

71

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

115

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

28

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

72

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

116

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

29

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

73

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

117

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

30

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

74

8

2

-0.52

0.27

118

12

3

0.48

0.23

31

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

75

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

119

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

32

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

76

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

120

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

33

12

3

0.48

0.23

77

12

3

0.48

0.23

121

12

3

0.48

0.23

34

5

1.25

-1.27

1.61

78

12

3

0.48

0.23

122

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

35

12

3

0.48

0.23

79

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

123

15

3.75

1.23

1.51

36

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

80

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

124

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

37

12

3

0.48

0.23

81

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

125

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

38

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

82

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

126

12

3

0.48

0.23

39

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

83

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

127

6

1.5

-1.02

1.04

40

6

1.5

-1.02

1.04

84

12

3

0.48

0.23

128

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

41

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

85

12

3

0.48

0.23

129

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

42

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

86

15

3.75

1.23

1.51

130

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

43

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

87

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

131

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

44

12

3

0.48

0.23

88

12

3

0.48

0.23

132

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

x

x- X

(x- X )2

x

x- X

(x-

2 X)

x

x- X

(x- X )2

31

Smoking Habits among Students

F.No

Total of Each Qesnair

x

x- X

(x- X )2

F.No

Total of Each Qesnair

x

x- X

(x- X )2

F.No

Total of Each Qesnair

x

x- X

(x-

2 X)

32

Smoking Habits among Students

134

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

178

15

3.75

1.23

1.51

222

12

3

0.48

0.23

135

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

179

14

3.5

0.98

0.96

223

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

136

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

180

15

3.75

1.23

1.51

224

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

137

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

181

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

225

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

138

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

182

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

226

12

3

0.48

0.23

139

12

3

0.48

0.23

183

12

3

0.48

0.23

227

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

140

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

184

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

228

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

141

14

3.5

0.98

0.96

185

15

3.75

1.23

1.51

229

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

142

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

186

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

230

12

3

0.48

0.23

143

12

3

0.48

0.23

187

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

231

8

2

-0.52

0.27

144

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

188

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

232

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

145

12

3

0.48

0.23

189

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

233

8

2

-0.52

0.27

146

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

190

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

234

12

3

0.48

0.23

147

8

2

-0.52

0.27

191

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

235

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

148

12

3

0.48

0.23

192

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

236

5

1.25

-1.27

1.61

149

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

193

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

237

8

2

-0.52

0.27

150

8

2

-0.52

0.27

194

12

3

0.48

0.23

238

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

151

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

195

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

239

12

3

0.48

0.23

152

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

196

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

240

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

153

12

3

0.48

0.23

197

12

3

0.48

0.23

241

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

154

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

198

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

242

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

155

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

199

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

243

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

156

6

1.5

-1.02

1.04

200

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

244

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

157

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

201

12

3

0.48

0.23

245

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

158

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

202

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

246

14

3.5

0.98

0.96

159

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

203

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

247

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

160

16

4

1.48

2.19

204

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

248

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

161

12

3

0.48

0.23

205

12

3

0.48

0.23

249

4

1

-1.52

2.31

162

12

3

0.48

0.23

206

8

2

-0.52

0.27

250

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

163

14

3.5

0.98

0.96

207

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

251

6

1.5

-1.02

1.04

164

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

208

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

252

12

3

0.48

0.23

165

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

209

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

253

6

1.5

-1.02

1.04

166

12

3

0.48

0.23

210

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

254

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

167

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

211

12

3

0.48

0.23

255

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

168

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

212

5

1.25

-1.27

1.61

256

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

169

6

1.5

-1.02

1.04

213

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

257

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

170

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

214

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

258

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

171

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

215

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

259

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

172

8

2

-0.52

0.27

216

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

260

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

173

8

2

-0.52

0.27

217

6

1.5

-1.02

1.04

261

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

174

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

218

14

3.5

0.98

0.96

262

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

175

14

3.5

0.98

0.96

219

12

3

0.48

0.23

263

8

2

-0.52

0.27

176

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

220

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

264

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

33

Smoking Habits among Students

F.No

Total of Each Qesnair

266

11

x

xX

2.75

0.23

0.05

(x-

2 X)

F.No

Total of Each Qesnair

310

8

2

-0.52

0.27

354

5

1.25

-1.27

1.61

x

x- X

(x-

2 X)

F.No

Total of Each Qesnair

x

x- X

(x-

2 X)

267

6

1.5

-1.02

1.04

311

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

355

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

268

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

312

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

356

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

269

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

313

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

357

14

3.5

0.98

0.96

270

14

3.5

0.98

0.96

314

5

1.25

-1.27

1.61

358

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

271

14

3.5

0.98

0.96

315

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

359

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

272

6

1.5

-1.02

1.04

316

6

1.5

-1.02

1.04

360

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

273

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

317

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

361

6

1.5

-1.02

1.04

274

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

318

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

TOTAL

3643

910.8

1.03

134.13

275

8

2

-0.52

0.27

319

12

3

0.48

0.23

276

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

320

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

277

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

321

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

278

8

2

-0.52

0.27

322

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

279

8

2

-0.52

0.27

323

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

280

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

324

6

1.5

-1.02

1.04

281

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

325

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

282

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

326

8

2

-0.52

0.27

283

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

327

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

284

12

3

0.48

0.23

328

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

285

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

329

12

3

0.48

0.23

286

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

330

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

287

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

331

8

2

-0.52

0.27

288

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

332

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

289

8

2

-0.52

0.27

333

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

290

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

334

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

291

12

3

0.48

0.23

335

14

3.5

0.98

0.96

292

12

3

0.48

0.23

336

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

293

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

337

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

294

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

338

6

1.5

-1.02

1.04

295

8

2

-0.52

0.27

339

12

3

0.48

0.23

296

9

2.25

-0.27

0.07

340

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

297

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

341

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

298

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

342

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

299

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

343

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

300

8

2

-0.52

0.27

344

5

1.25

-1.27

1.61

301

8

2

-0.52

0.27

345

12

3

0.48

0.23

302

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

346

12

3

0.48

0.23

303

6

1.5

-1.02

1.04

347

15

3.75

1.23

1.51

304

5

1.25

-1.27

1.61

348

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

305

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

349

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

306

7

1.75

-0.77

0.59

350

8

2

-0.52

0.27

307

8

2

-0.52

0.27

351

11

2.75

0.23

0.05

308

10

2.5

-0.02

0.00

352

13

3.25

0.73

0.53

34

Smoking Habits among Students

Calculating Standard Deviation

∑ (X − X )

σX =

σX =

2

n

134.13 = 0.61 361

Calculating value of ‘Z’ Z=

Z=

X − µ H0

σX

2.52 − 4 = 2.43 0.61 Z = 2.43

Calculated Value vs. Standard Value 2.43 > 1.96

35

Smoking Habits among Students

Conclusion of Hypothesis Testing

The value of Z > 1.96, hence out of the acceptance region and lies in the rejection region, thus, we reject our NULL hypothesis that

The kind of cigarette which is non-injurious to health but gives reasonable level of satisfaction will not accepted by the market

and we accept our ALTERNATIVE hypothesis that

The kind of cigarette which is non-injurious to health but gives reasonable level of satisfaction will be accepted by the market.

Hence, what we had thought has been proved and students are wiling to have those cigarettes which can provide them satisfaction, style etc. and proves to be non-injurious to health.

36

Smoking Habits among Students

MAJOR FINDINGS The major findings of our study are:

1. About 30 out of 100 students who smokes are the Regular Smokers. 2. Mr. ShahRuk Khan is the favorite icon for students who smoke. 3. Around 71% percent the students who smoke buy their own cigarette and around 18% share their cigarette from friends.

4.

A majority of students get more than Rs.600 as their pocket money per month.

5. Most of the students who smoke spend their 20% of their pocket money on cigarette and on other tobacco products.

6. Females are also wiling to take cigarette which is non-injurious to health but gives reasonable level of satisfaction.

7. Most of the students adopt cigarette to have a style in their personality and later it become an addiction. 8. More than 80% students think that the smokers don’t have any advantage over nonsmokers.

9. More than 30% students think that smoking once started can’t be quit. 10. Most of the students start smoking at the age of 16 on an average.

37

Smoking Habits among Students

CONCLUSION A major trend has been observed towards increasing habits of smoking among students. The students are the backbone of every nation and they have to take a great care of their health towards achieving higher goals in life and contributing to the economy.

Also cigarette companies and the government have to take initiative to provide students with those cigarette products which don not cause health hazards to the students. More and more students adopt cigarette for the style factor in early age and then later it become addiction.

Our study was a sincere effort to know smoking habits among students and to test the market feasibility of a cigarette which is non-injurious to health which has been proved.

38

Smoking Habits among Students

BIBLOGRAPHY WEB SITES ww.google.com www.wikipedia.com www.questionpro.com

BOOKS Research Methodology – Business Statistics –

C.R. Kothari

S.P. Gupta and M.P. Gupta

Research for Marketing Decisions -

Paul E. Green, Donald S. Tull, Gerald Albaum

NEWSPAPERS Times of India The Economic Times

39