Smoking
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Smoking
Tobacco ● Tobacco is the leading cause of preventable cancers ● Tobacco is an agricultural crop, most commonly used to make cigarettes. ● It is found in: ○ Cigarettes ○ Cigars ○ Bids, a thin hand-rolled cigarette from Southeast Asia
How is it used? Tobacco is usually smoked. Sometimes tobacco leaves are “dipped” or “chewed” so the nicotine is absorbed through the gums.
What is in a cigarette ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Ammonia: Household cleaner Angelica root extract: Known to cause cancer in animals Arsenic: Used in rat poisons Benzene: Used in making dyes, synthetic rubber Butane: Gas; used in lighter fluid Carbon monoxide: Poisonous gas Cadmium: Used in batteries Cyanide: Deadly poison DDT: A banned insecticide Ethyl Furoate: Causes liver damage in animals
● ● ● ● ● ● ●
●
Lead: Poisonous in high doses Formaldehiyde: Used to preserve dead specimens Methoprene: Insecticide Megastigmatrienone: Chemical naturally found in grapefruit juice Maltitol: Sweetener for diabetics Napthalene: Ingredient in mothballs Methyl isocyanate: Its accidental release killed 2000 people in Bhopal, India in 1984 Polonium: Cancer-causing radioactive element
Nicotine ● Nicotine is highly addictive, and is the drug found in tobacco. ● Smoke containing nicotine is inhaled into the lungs, and the nicotine reaches your brain in just six seconds. ● Nicotine in small doses acts as a stimulant to the brain. ● In large doses, it's a depressant, inhibiting the flow of signals between nerve cells. ● In even larger doses, it's a lethal poison, affecting the heart, blood vessels, and hormones. ● Nicotine in the bloodstream acts to make the smoker feel calm.
Why do people smoke? ● Peer pressure ● To be social ● Misinformation
Cigarette smoke Cigarette smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals, including 43 known cancercausing (carcinogenic) compounds and 400 other toxins. These include nicotine,
tar, and carbon monoxide, as well as formaldehyde, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, arsenic, and DDT.
Effects ● As a cigarette is smoked, the amount of tar inhaled into the lungs increases, ● ● ●
●
and the last puff contains more than twice as much tar as the first puff. Carbon monoxide makes it harder for red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body. Tar is a mixture of substances that together form a sticky mass in the lungs. Most of the chemicals inhaled in cigarette smoke stay in the lungs. The more you inhale, the better it feels—and the greater the damage to your lungs.
Short term risk ● ●
● ● ● ●
Addiction to nicotine and exposure to dangerous chemicals More breathing problems Shortness of breath, phlegm, and a hoarse cough Impaired lung growth and function Bad breath, yellow teeth, and stained fingers Foul-smelling clothes and hair
Long term risk Smoking can cause chronic lung disease, coronary heart disease, and stroke, as well as cancer of the lungs, larynx, esophagus, mouth, and bladder. In addition, smoking is known to contribute to cancer of the cervix, pancreas, and kidneys. Researchers have
identified more than 40 chemicals in tobacco smoke that cause cancer in humans and animals. Smokeless tobacco and cigars also have deadly consequences, including lung, larynx, esophageal, and oral cancer.
Effects on others ● Secondhand smoke causes approximately 7,330 deaths from lung cancer and 33,950 deaths from heart disease each year. Between 1964 and 2014, 2.5 million people died from exposure to secondhand smoke, according to a report from the U.S. Surgeon General. The report also concluded that secondhand smoke is a definitive cause of stroke.
● Women who use tobacco during pregnancy are more likely to have adverse birth outcomes, including babies with low birth weight, which is linked with an increased risk of infant death and with a variety of infant health disorders. The health of nonsmokers is adversely affected by environmental tobacco smoke (ETS).
Withdrawal The symptoms of nicotine withdrawal can begin within 30 minutes of your last use of tobacco. Symptoms will depend on your level of addiction. Factors such as how long you used tobacco and how much tobacco you use on a daily basis will impact the severity of your symptoms. Symptoms of nicotine withdrawal include: ● ● ● ● ● ●
intense cravings for nicotine tingling in the hands and feet sweating nausea and intestinal cramping headaches Coughing, sore throat
● ● ● ● ● ●
insomnia difficulty concentrating anxiety irritability depression weight gain
Symptoms of nicotine withdrawal typically peak within two to three days. The symptoms often go away by two weeks. Some people may experience nicotine withdrawal for several months.
Tobacco ● Tobacco is the leading cause of preventable cancers ● Tobacco is an agricultural crop, most commonly used to make cigarettes. ● It is found in: ○ Cigarettes ○ Cigars ○ Bids, a thin hand-rolled cigarette from Southeast Asia
How is it used? Tobacco is usually smoked. Sometimes tobacco leaves are “dipped” or “chewed” so the nicotine is absorbed through the gums.
What is in a cigarette ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Ammonia: Household cleaner Angelica root extract: Known to cause cancer in animals Arsenic: Used in rat poisons Benzene: Used in making dyes, synthetic rubber Butane: Gas; used in lighter fluid Carbon monoxide: Poisonous gas Cadmium: Used in batteries Cyanide: Deadly poison DDT: A banned insecticide Ethyl Furoate: Causes liver damage in animals
● ● ● ● ● ● ●
●
Lead: Poisonous in high doses Formaldehiyde: Used to preserve dead specimens Methoprene: Insecticide Megastigmatrienone: Chemical naturally found in grapefruit juice Maltitol: Sweetener for diabetics Napthalene: Ingredient in mothballs Methyl isocyanate: Its accidental release killed 2000 people in Bhopal, India in 1984 Polonium: Cancer-causing radioactive element
Nicotine ● Nicotine is highly addictive, and is the drug found in tobacco. ● Smoke containing nicotine is inhaled into the lungs, and the nicotine reaches your brain in just six seconds. ● Nicotine in small doses acts as a stimulant to the brain. ● In large doses, it's a depressant, inhibiting the flow of signals between nerve cells. ● In even larger doses, it's a lethal poison, affecting the heart, blood vessels, and hormones. ● Nicotine in the bloodstream acts to make the smoker feel calm.
Why do people smoke? ● Peer pressure ● To be social ● Misinformation
Cigarette smoke Cigarette smoke contains over 4,000 chemicals, including 43 known cancercausing (carcinogenic) compounds and 400 other toxins. These include nicotine,
tar, and carbon monoxide, as well as formaldehyde, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, arsenic, and DDT.
Effects ● As a cigarette is smoked, the amount of tar inhaled into the lungs increases, ● ● ●
●
and the last puff contains more than twice as much tar as the first puff. Carbon monoxide makes it harder for red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body. Tar is a mixture of substances that together form a sticky mass in the lungs. Most of the chemicals inhaled in cigarette smoke stay in the lungs. The more you inhale, the better it feels—and the greater the damage to your lungs.
Short term risk ● ●
● ● ● ●
Addiction to nicotine and exposure to dangerous chemicals More breathing problems Shortness of breath, phlegm, and a hoarse cough Impaired lung growth and function Bad breath, yellow teeth, and stained fingers Foul-smelling clothes and hair
Long term risk Smoking can cause chronic lung disease, coronary heart disease, and stroke, as well as cancer of the lungs, larynx, esophagus, mouth, and bladder. In addition, smoking is known to contribute to cancer of the cervix, pancreas, and kidneys. Researchers have
identified more than 40 chemicals in tobacco smoke that cause cancer in humans and animals. Smokeless tobacco and cigars also have deadly consequences, including lung, larynx, esophageal, and oral cancer.
Effects on others ● Secondhand smoke causes approximately 7,330 deaths from lung cancer and 33,950 deaths from heart disease each year. Between 1964 and 2014, 2.5 million people died from exposure to secondhand smoke, according to a report from the U.S. Surgeon General. The report also concluded that secondhand smoke is a definitive cause of stroke.
● Women who use tobacco during pregnancy are more likely to have adverse birth outcomes, including babies with low birth weight, which is linked with an increased risk of infant death and with a variety of infant health disorders. The health of nonsmokers is adversely affected by environmental tobacco smoke (ETS).
Withdrawal The symptoms of nicotine withdrawal can begin within 30 minutes of your last use of tobacco. Symptoms will depend on your level of addiction. Factors such as how long you used tobacco and how much tobacco you use on a daily basis will impact the severity of your symptoms. Symptoms of nicotine withdrawal include: ● ● ● ● ● ●
intense cravings for nicotine tingling in the hands and feet sweating nausea and intestinal cramping headaches Coughing, sore throat
● ● ● ● ● ●
insomnia difficulty concentrating anxiety irritability depression weight gain
Symptoms of nicotine withdrawal typically peak within two to three days. The symptoms often go away by two weeks. Some people may experience nicotine withdrawal for several months.
