Simple Thought Gbp
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page…………………………………….………1 Table of Contents…………………………………….2 Executive Summary…………………………………...3 Industrial Analysis……………………………….……5 United States……………………………………..8 India……………………………………………..9 Germany……………………………..…………12 Technical Analysis…………………………….…….15 Market Analysis……………………………….…….25 United States……………………………………27 India……………………………………….…..30 Germany………………………………….…….33 Manufacturing and Operations………………..…….38 Feasibility……………………………………….…..42 United States…………………………..……….43 Germany…………………………….………….45 India……………………………………………46 Key Personnel……………………………………….49 Bibliography………………………………..……….54 Appendix…………………………………………….57
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One of the main advantages is that this system is climate dependent, location dependent and time dependent. Until all requirements are met, the manufacturing runs smoothly. In the recent past, hydrogen fuel has achieved a great recognition and attraction. Hydrogen is considered to be an ideal energy carrier in the foreseeable future. It can be produced from water by using a variety of energy sources, such as solar, nuclear and fossils, and it can be converted into useful energy forms efficiently and without detrimental environmental effects. The only by-product is water or water vapor (if air is used for flame combustion of hydrogen, small amounts of NO2 are produced). When solar energy - in its direct and/or indirect forms - is used to produce hydrogen from water, both the primary and secondary forms of energy become renewable and environmentally compatible, resulting with an ideal, clean and permanent energy system - the Solar Hydrogen Energy System. Hydrogen can be used in any application in which fossil fuels are being used today, with sole exception of cases in which carbon is specifically needed. Hydrogen can be used as fuel in furnaces, internal combustion engines, turbines and jet engines. " O3$")%($*%'(+,%'-"`>>,1+'(+,%"[,*"@S?*,8$%"\%$*8S"i>(*+D$>"(,"'?D'%1$"(3$"?'S"M3$%" @fe6FC\A"\A\6Cf"M+--"0$1,V$"(3$"L*+%1+L'-"V$'%>"0S"M3+13"(3$"M,*-?"M+--"'13+$D$"+(>"-,%8:>,/83(" 8,'-",T"`0/%?'%("N-$'%"\%$*8S"T,*"E'%&+%?Uj"O,M'*?"(3+>"$%?4"(3$"`>>,1+'(+,%">(+V/-'($>"(3$" $G13'%8$",T"+%T,*V'(+,%"+%"@S?*,8$%"\%$*8S"T+$-?"(3*,/83"+(>"L/0-+1'(+,%>"'%?">L,%>,*>3+L",T" +%($*%'(+,%'-"M,*&>3,L>4">3,*("1,/*>$>"'%?"1,%T$*$%1$>U")%"'??+(+,%4"(3$"`>>,1+'(+,%"$%?$'D,*>"(," +%T,*V"(3$"8$%$*'-"L/0-+1",T"(3$"+VL,*('%("*,-$",T"@S?*,8$%"\%$*8S"+%"(3$"L-'%%+%8",T"'%" +%$G3'/>(+0-$"'%?"1-$'%"$%$*8S">S>($VUj"b$(",/*"L*,7$1("0$"'">($L"(,"L*,V,($"(3$"'>>,1+'(+,%"'%?" '13+$D$"(3$"8,'-U" & & ;" "
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The future seems encouraging for this industry in terms of the expected surge in global demand and recession in investments. The economic crisis can be overcome in several trends such as over-capacity in developed markets, globalization, technology advances, regulation and environmental consideration, and market fragmentation and product proliferation will result in the rapid growth of this sector. & 6-9B+-096K-0I&CSN+KTB-&LMBI&6-NMJ9+S& M-69BN&J909BJ" " )%"(3$"L*$>$%(">1$%'*+,",T"(3$"M,*-?4"L$,L-$"3'D$"0$$%"'"D+1(+V",T"$%$*8S"L*,0-$V>4"0,(3".(& *%8,1&5?&@51*&"1&U%##&"1&"=".#"G.#.*DU"F/*"L*,7$1("+>"(,"-$>>$%"(3$"L'+%",T"(3$"$%$*8S"1*+>+>U"O3$"_%+($?" 2('($>"3'>"0$$%"'"1,/%(*S"M3,>$"$%$*8S"V'*&$("+>"'*,/%?"RB4<<<"($*'M'(("3,/*>"L$*"S$'*U"\%$*8S" 1,%>/VL(+,%"L$*"1'L+('"+>"QUI"(,%>",T",+-"$c/+D'-$%("L$*"S$'*4"1,VL'*$?"(,"C$*V'%SX>"PUR"(,%>"'%?" N'%'?'X>"IUJ"(,%>U")%"R<<54"P"$%$*8S"1'V$"T*,V"L$(*,-$/V4"RJa"T*,V"1,'-4"'%?"RRa"T*,V" %'(/*'-"8'>"]_U2U"e$L'*(V$%(",T"\%$*8S"'%?"(3$"A'(+,%'-"N$%>/>^U"O3$"*$V'+%?$*"M'>">/LL-+$?"0S" %/1-$'*"L,M$*"'%?"*$%$M'0-$"$%$*8S">,/*1$>U"O3$"M(.*%<&J*"*%1"+>"(3$"U58#4"%/1-$'*"L,M$*"3'>"L-'S$?"'"-+V+($?"*,-$"*$-'(+D$"(,"V'%S",(3$*"?$D$-,L$?" 1,/%(*+$>U")%"R<$D$*'-"'LL-+1'(+,%>"T,*"%$M"%/1-$'*"L-'%(>"M$*$"T+-$?U")("3'>"0$$%"'"1,/%(*S"M+(3" 1,%>('%("+%1*$'>$"+%"1,%>/VL(+,%",T"$%$*8S"*$>,/*1$>"$>L$1+'--S"$-$1(*+1+(S"'%?"T/$-"]_U2U" e$L'*(V$%(",T"b'0,*4"@S?*,8$%".*,?/1(+,%^U"" " " `%'-S>+>",T"(3$"0+,:$%$*8S"'%?"3S?*,8$%"V'*&$(">/88$>(>"(3'(":5161"$08;#2 =75$;#1.6;=M3+13"+>"T,/%?"(,"3'D$"'"?+D$*>$">S>($V",T"%(%82D&G.(<.(2"L*,1$>>$>4"1'%"L*,?/1$"8,,?" 'V,/%(>",T"CD<852%(U"6$?/1+%8"*$-+'%1$",%"T,*$+8%",+-"+>"'"D$*S"1,VL$--+%8"+%($*$>("+%"(3$"_%+($?" 2('($>4"'>".*$>+?$%("9'*'1&"F0'V'"]R<">'+?"'("'"L*$>>"1,%T$*$%1$",%"[$0*'/*S"B(3",T"(3+>"S$'*4" i>;?#;27/$&&.&-21&2#;630.&-213#26;7;&6;&0;21&2@1#;.-&21./2.&285;2A.66/;2B$=8'2>592C13/6&?82C;2 C$&82812%$D;285$82D.&621@2.&!;=8%;&8Ej"F/*"L*,?/1("M+--"'LL$'-"(,"(3$"_2"0$1'/>$",T"(3$+*" $GL'%?+%8"3S?*,8$%"$1,%,VSU")%",*?$*"(,"0$1,V$"'"3S?*,8$%">/>('+%+%8"L,M$*4"-'*8$"c/'%(+(+$>",T" 3S?*,8$%"%$$?"(,"0$"L*,?/1$?U"F/*"L*,?/1("+>"'0-$"(,"'13+$D$"(3+>"8,'-"M+(3,/("L*,?/1+%8"'%S" 3'*VT/-"0SL*,?/1(>U"
The House Committee on Energy and Commerce, as well as President Obama have introduced legislation to grant significant tax credits to people who own hybrid cars. Hybrid cars are able to run on both gasoline and other fuel sources such as hydrogen. T%(%8"#&>5*581"+>">('*(+%8"'"L*,7$1("M+(3"J/%##"(,",L$%"(3$"T+*>("1,V0+%$?"/D<852%(&"(<& 2"15#.(%&1*"*.5(&.(&-58*/&0,%8.@"U"O3$">('(+,%">/LL,*(>"'"C$%$*'-"E,(,*>X"T-$$(",T"T/$-"1$--"D$3+1-$>U" I" "
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The State of California ran an experimental program from 1980 to 1990 which allowed anyone to convert a gasoline vehicle to 85% methanol with 15% additives of choice. Over 500 vehicles were converted to high compression and dedicated use of the 85/15 methanol and ethanol, with great results. Detroit was not willing to produce any methanol or ethanol vehicles without government subsidy. `("(3$"0$8+%%+%8",T"(3$"R<(3"1$%(/*S4"L$(*,-$/V"M'>"'"V+%,*"*$>,/*1$"/>$?"(,"V'%/T'1(/*$" -/0*+1'%(>"'%?"T/$-"T,*"&$*,>$%$"'%?",+-"-'VL>U"F%$"3/%?*$?"S$'*>"-'($*"+("3'?"0$1,V$"(3$" L*$$V+%$%("$%$*8S">,/*1$"T,*"(3$"_U2U"'%?"(3$"*$>(",T"(3$"M,*-?U"O3+>"*+>$"1-,>$-S"L'*'--$-$?"(3$" $V$*8$%1$",T"(3$"'/(,V,0+-$"'>"'"V'7,*"T,*1$"+%"`V$*+1'%"1/-(/*$"'%?"(3$"$1,%,VSU"=3+-$" L$(*,-$/V"+>"'->,"/>$?"'>"'">,/*1$"T,*"L-'>(+1>"'%?",(3$*"13$V+1'->4"'%?"L,M$*>"D'*+,/>"+%?/>(*+'-" L*,1$>>$>4"(M,:(3+*?>",T",+-"1,%>/VL(+,%"+%"(3$"_U2U"(,?'S"+>"+%"(3$"T,*V",T"+(>"?$*+D$?"(*'%>L,*('(+,%" T/$->U"F+-X>"/%+c/$"c/'-+(+$>"T,*"(*'%>L,*('(+,%"T/$->"+%"($*V>",T"$%$*8S"1,%($%(4"1,>(",T"L*,?/1(+,%4" '%?">L$$?",T"*$T/$-+%8"3'D$"V'?$"+("?+TT+1/-("(,">/LL-'%("M+(3"($13%,-,8+1'-"'-($*%'(+D$>"?$D$-,L$?" >,"T'*U"
According to the Carbon Mitigation Center at Princeton University, the greenhouse gas emissions are reduced by 86% for cellulose compared to corn’s 29% reduction. In 2006, the United States president George W. Bush said in a State of the Union speech that the US is "addicted to oil" and should replace 75% of imported oil by 2025 by alternative sources of energy. The 2007-12-19 U.S. Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 require American “fuel producers to use at least 36 billion gallons of biofuel in 2022. This is nearly a fivefold increase over current levels.” United States has been a country which has been trying to promote any alternative that is possible at the earliest. Its main theme is to eradicate any thing that disrupts the environment. & 6-N60& \%$*8S"1,%>$*D'(+,%"3'>"$V$*8$?"'>"'"V'7,*"L,-+1S",07$1(+D$4"'%?"(3$"\%$*8S"N,%>$*D'(+,%" `1("]R<>$?"0S"(3$")%?+'%".'*-+'V$%("+%"2$L($V0$*"*$c/+*$>"-'*8$"$%$*8S"1,%>/V$*>"(," '?3$*$"(,"$%$*8S"1,%>/VL(+,%"%,*V>k"%$M"0/+-?+%8>"(,"T,--,M"(3$"\%$*8S"N,%>$*D'(+,%"9/+-?+%8" N,?$k"'%?"'LL-+'%1$>"(,"V$$("$%$*8S"L$*T,*V'%1$">('%?'*?>"'%?"(,"?+>L-'S"$%$*8S"1,%>/VL(+,%" -'0$->U"O3$"`1("'->,"1*$'($?"(3$"9/*$'/",T"\%$*8S"\TT+1+$%1S"(,"+VL-$V$%("(3$"L*,D+>+,%>",T"(3$"`1(" ]3((LZggMMMU0$$:+%?+'U%+1U+%g^U"" `11,*?+%8"(,"(3$"9/*$'/4"(3$"$%$*8S"L,-+1S",T")%?+'"+>"13'*'1($*+d$?"0S"(*'?$,TT>"0$(M$$%" T,/*"V'7,*"?*+D$*>Z"
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(A) Input electricity efficiency (closed symbols), substrate efficiency (open symbols) and (B) electricity input contribution (closed symbols), and substrate input contribution (open R!" symbols) as a function of applied voltage using ! = 7.5 mS/cm (Douglas & Call, Penn State, 2008).
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Technology
Energy
Energy Demand
Cost
Efficiency (%)
(kWh/m3 – H2)
($/kg –
56-73%
5.6
350-400%
0.9
H2)
"
Water electrolyzer 3.80 MEC 0.62 ++
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We took into consideration important business factors like the following: ! ! ! !
Business structure & community involvement Market size (large for the automobile industry) Sensitivity analysis (SWOT Analysis) Extraction & operating cost
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Our business plan could not exactly identify the cost of production and transportation because of a lack of concrete information available to us. SWOT Analysis (marketingteacher.com), is a strategic planning tool used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project or in a business venture. It involves specifying the objective of the business venture or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieving that objective.
STRENGTHS OF THE BUSINESS PLAN ! ! ! ! !
High yielding nature of the bacteria species Cradle to cradle design Availability of bacteria Availability of capital Already available markets for expansion
WEAKNESS OF THE BUSINESS PLAN ! Culturing bacteria that is potentially useless for other purposes OPPURTUNITIES OF THE BUSINESS PLAN: ! Employment ! BIODIESEL providing efficient car usage compared to fossil fuels ! Providing an alternative to crops that are currently being used to produce biodiesel THREATS TO THE BUSINESS PLAN: ! Unavailability of bacteria ! Culturing bacteria that is not useful for other purposes ! Distribution costs of transportation from manufacturing units to retail and distribution centers (distance from field to outlets)
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M'*V+%84"A+&3+-4"9'-'7$$4"`%$$>3'4"'%?"H,>3/'"8*$'(-S"$%*+13$?"(3$"&%,M-$?8$",T"(3$+*"?+D$*8$%(" 1/-(/*$>"'%?"-+T$>(S-$>U" O3$S"M$*$"(*/-S"3,%,*$?"(,"M,*&"+%"(3$"L*$>$%1$",T">/13"8*$'("V+%?>"'%?"-$'?$*>4">/13"'>"A+&3+-" #$%&'(4"9'-'7$$"#$%&'(*'V'%4"'%?"`>M+%"N3'%?*'>$&3'*'%4"(3$+*"V$%(,*U""`%$$>3'"'%?"H,>3" 1,--$1(+D$-S"D,/13"(3'("(3$S"1,/-?"%,("3'D$"3'?"0$(($*"($'VV'($>",*"'"V,*$"?$?+1'($?"V$%(,*U" -6kC6I&0-N&!0I04BB&O&& e$>L+($"(3$+*"+%+(+'-"'LL*$3$%>+,%"'0,/("M,*&+%8"M+(3"L$,L-$"(3$S"3'D$"%$D$*"V$("0$T,*$4"9'-'7$$" '%?"A+&3+-">,,%"T+8/*$?",/("(3'("M,*&+%8"M+(3"L$,L-$"T*,V"?+TT$*$%("1/-(/*'-"0'1&8*,/%?>"M'>"%,(" %$1$>>'*+-S"'"0'?"(3+%8U"O3$+*"V$%(,*"`>M+%"N3'%?*'>$&3'*'%">/88$>($?"H,>3/'")VL*,('"'%?"2,V$*" N,,&"'>"L,($%(+'-"+%($*%'(+,%'-"($'VV'($>U"9/("'T($*">,V$"+%+(+'-">3/TT-+%8"+%"(3$"($'V4"2,V$*"-$T(" (3$"($'VU"=+(3"'"-,(",T"1,%($VL-'(+,%",D$*"'"L,>>+0-$"T,/*(3"V$V0$*4"(3$"($'V"T,/%?"`%$$>3'" 6'83/%'(3'%4"'"3'*?"M,*&+%8"'%?"?$?+1'($?"+%?+D+?/'-"M3,V"(3$"($'V"T,/%?"(,"0$"'%"+?$'-" ($'VV'($U"O3$"($'V"-$'*%("'"-,("T*,V"(3$+*"V$%(,*4"`>M+%"N3'%?*'>$&3'*'%4",M+%8"(,"3+>"L*$D+,/>" $GL$*+$%1$"+%"(3$"1,VL$(+(+,%U"O3$"?+D$*>$"1/-(/*$"M+(3+%"(3$"($'V"0*,/83("(3$"($'V"1-,>$*"(,8$(3$*" +%"'"c/+($">/*L*+>+%8"V'%%$*U"O3$"(*$V$%?,/>"M,*&"$(3+1"T*,V"$D$*S"L'*(",T"(3$"($'V"'%?"(3$" 1,%>('%("V,(+D'(+,%",T"(3$+*"V$%(,*"3$-L$?"L/--"(3$"($'V"(3,/83"?+TT+1/-("(+V$>U"`"M3,-$3$'*($?" '(($VL("T*,V"$D$*S,%$"3$-L$?"($'V"2+VL-$"O3,/83("1,VL-$($"+(>"L*,7$1("+%"T+%$"T'>3+,%.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. (n.d.). Retrieved May 1, 2009, from US Fish and Wildlife Service Web site: http://arctic.fws.gov/ Call, D. F. (n.d.). Single-Chamber Microbial Electrolysis Cell . Dissertation Abstracts, 1. Retrieved March 9, 2009, from Penn State Web site: http://www.microbialfuelcell.org/!Presentations/!First%20MFC%20symposium/!2%20MFC%20Sympo sium%20Presentation%20-%20Doug.pdf Cheng, S., & Logan, B. E. (2007). Sustainable and efficient biohydrogen production via electrohydrogenesis. PNAS, 104, (47), 18871-18873. CIA World Factbook. (n.d.). Retrieved May 1, 2009, from Central Intelligence Agency Web site: https://www.cia.gov/!library/!publications/!the-world-factbook/ CNN Election Center. (2008, December). Retrieved April 30, 2009, from http://www.cnn.com/!electioncenter DOE. Hydrogen, fuel cells & infrastructure technologies program. Multi-year . (2007, September). Environmental Project Agency Methane Database. (n.d.). Retrieved May 1, 2009, from 5P" "
http://www.epa.gov/!methane Haldane, J. (1990). Dædalus, or, Science and the Future. Princeton University Press. The History of Hydrogen . (n.d.). Retrieved April 30, 2009, from Department of Energy Web site: http://www.hydrogenassociation.org/!general/!factSheet_history.pdf Hu, Fan, Liu. (2008). Hydrogen Production Using Single-chamber Membrane-free Microbial Electrolysis Cells Water Research. Dissertation Abstracts International, 42, 4172-4178 . Indian Bureau of Energy Efficiency. (2009). Retrieved May 1, 2009, from Ministry of Power, Government of India Web site: http://www.bee-india.nic.in/ Joint Genome Institute [Fact sheet on bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides ]. (n.d.). Retrieved April 30, 2009, from University of California Berkeley Web site: http://genome.jgi-psf.org/ Liu, H. (2007). New Membrane-Free Microbial Electrolysis Cell for Hydrogen Production from Biowaste. Retrieved April 30, 2009, from Oregon State University Web site: http://www.greencarcongress.com/!2008/!10/!new-membrane-fr.html Liu, H., Grot, S., & Logan, B. E. (2005). Electrochemically Assisted Microbial Production of Hydrogen from Acetate. Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, (11), 4317-4320. Logan. (2004). Logan, B., Feature Article: Extracting hydrogen and electricity from renewable resources. Environmental Science and Technology, 9, 160A-167A. Logan. (2008). Microbial Electrolysis Cell Hydrogen Production . Dissertation Abstracts, 1. Retrieved from Penn State Web site: http://www.microbialfuelcell.org/!www/!index.php/!component/!option,com_jombib/!Itemid,100/ Market Teacher. (n.d.). SWOT Analysis. Retrieved May 1, 2009, from http://www.marketingteacher.com/!Lessons/!lesson_swot.htm McDonough, W., & Braungart, M. (n.d.). Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things. 55" "
“Cradle to Cradle maps the lineaments of McDonough and Braungart’s new design paradigm, offering practical steps on how to innovate within today’s economic environment.” National Science Foundation. (2007, November 12). Microbes Churn Out Hydrogen at Record Rate. Retrieved April 30, 2009, from National Science Foundation Web site: http://www.nsf.gov/!news/!news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=110648 Princeton Environmental Institute. (n.d.). Carbon Mitigation Center (Initiative). Retrieved May 1, 2009, from Princeton University Web site: http://web.princeton.edu/!sites/!pei/ Rifkin, J. (1999). The Hydrogen Economy. New York . “In this book, Rifkin, author and president of the Foundation on Economic Trends, critiques America’s dependence on fossil fuels and makes clear the catastrophic economic effect it could have in the future. Hydrogen, he argues, is the key to a clean, safe and sustainable world.” Rozendal, R. A., Hamelers, H. V., Euverink, Metz, G. J., & Buisman. (2006). Principle and perspectives of hydrogen production through biocatalyzed electrolysis. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , 1632-1640. United States Census Bureau. (2009). Retrieved May 1, 2009, from http://www.census.gov/!compendia/!statab/!cats/!geography_environment.html United States Department of Energy Hydrogen Program. (n.d.). Retrieved April 30, 2009, from Department of Energy Web site: http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/ Water Research. (n.d.). Performance of single chamber biocatalyzed electrolysis with different types of ion exchange membranes. Dissertation Abstracts, 1.
5;" "
APPENDIX u+%17.85,%*%8& &
""""""""""""""""""
" 5Q"
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`"*$>L+*,V$($*"+>"'"?$D+1$"/>$?"(,"V$'>/*$"(3$"*'($",T"*$>L+*'(+,%",T"'"-+D+%8",*8'%+>V"0S"V$'>/*+%8" +(>"*'($",T"$G13'%8$",T",GS8$%"'%?"1'*0,%"?+,G+?$U"O3$S"'--,M"+%D$>(+8'(+,%"+%(,"3,M"T'1(,*>">/13"'>" '8$",*"(3$"$TT$1(",T"-+83("'TT$1("(3$"*'($",T"*$>L+*'(+,%U" `">+VL-$"*$>L+*,V$($*"?$>+8%$?"(,"V$'>/*$",GS8$%"/L('&$",*"NFR"*$-$'>$"1,%>+>(>",T"'">$'-$?" 1,%('+%$*"M+(3"(3$"-+D+%8">L$1+V$%"(,8$(3$*"M+(3"'">/0>('%1$"(,"'0>,*0"(3$"1'*0,%"?+,G+?$"8+D$%",TT" ?/*+%8"*$>L+*'(+,%4">/13"'>">,?'"-+V$"L$--$(>",*"1,((,%"M'?>">,'&$?"M+(3"L,('>>+/V"3S?*,G+?$U"O3$" ,GS8$%"/L('&$"+>"?$($1($?"0S"?+>L-'1$V$%(",T"V'%,V$(*+1"T-/+?"+%"'"(3+%"8-'>>"_:(/0$"1,%%$1($?"(," (3$"1,%('+%$*U"=3$%"(3$",*8'%+>V"('&$>"+%",GS8$%"+("8+D$>",TT"'%"$c/'-"D,-/V$",T"1'*0,%"?+,G+?$U"`>" (3+>"+>"'0>,*0$?"0S"(3$">,?'"-+V$4"'+*"+>">/1&$?"+%"T*,V"(3$"_:(/0$"(,"&$$L"(3$"L*$>>/*$"1,%>('%(4" ?+>L-'1+%8"(3$"-+c/+?U"O3$"*'($",T"13'%8$"8+D$>"'"?+*$1("'%?"*$'>,%'0-S"'11/*'($"*$'?+%8"T,*"(3$" ,*8'%+>VX>"*'($",T"*$>L+*'(+,%U" `>"13'%8$>"+%"($VL$*'(/*$",*"L*$>>/*$"1'%"'->,"'TT$1("(3$"?+>L-'1$V$%(",T"(3$"V'%,V$(*+1"T-/+?4"'" >$1,%?"*$>L+*,V$($*"+?$%(+1'-"(,"(3$"T+*>("$G1$L("M+(3"'"?$'?">L$1+V$%"],*">,V$(3+%8"M+(3"(3$">'V$" V'>>"'>"(3$">L$1+V$%"+%"L-'1$",T"(3$",*8'%+>V^"+>">,V$(+V$>">$("/LU"2/0(*'1(+%8"(3$"?+>L-'1$V$%(",T" (3$">$1,%?"*$>L+*,V$($*"T*,V"(3$"T+*>("'--,M>"T,*"1,%(*,-",T"(3$>$"T'1(,*>U" uuT"1&:/85,"*528"/&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
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E,0+-$"L3'>$>"'*$"8$%$*'--S"+%$*("8'>$>">/13"'>"3$-+/V4"'*8,%4",*"%+(*,8$%U"O3$"+%7$1(+,%"L,*(" 1,%>+>(>",T"'"*/00$*">$L(/V"(3*,/83"M3+13"'">S*+%8$"%$$?-$"+>"+%>$*($?"(,"+%7$1("(3$">'VL-$U"O3$" +%7$1(+,%"L,*("+>"V'+%('+%$?"'("'"3+83$*"($VL$*'(/*$"(3'%"(3$"0,+-+%8"L,+%(",T"(3$"-$'>("D,-'(+-$" 1,VL,%$%("+%"(3$">'VL-$"V+G(/*$U"2+%1$"(3$"L'*(+(+,%+%8"0$3'D+,*"+>"?$L$%?$%(",%"($VL$*'(/*$4"(3$" >$L'*'(+,%"1,-/V%"+>"/>/'--S"1,%('+%$?"+%"'"(3$*V,>('(:1,%(*,--$?",D$%U"2$L'*'(+%8"1,VL,%$%(>" M+(3"'"M+?$"*'%8$",T"0,+-+%8"L,+%(>"+>"'11,VL-+>3$?"0S">('*(+%8"'("'"-,M",D$%"($VL$*'(/*$"'%?" +%1*$'>+%8"(3$"($VL$*'(/*$",D$*"(+V$"(,"$-/($"(3$"3+83:0,+-+%8"L,+%("1,VL,%$%(>U"E,>("1,-/V%>" 1,%('+%"'"-+c/+?">('(+,%'*S"L3'>$",%"'">,-+?">/LL,*(U"2$L'*'(+,%",T"-,M:V,-$1/-'*"M$+83("8'>$>"+>" '11,VL-+>3$?"M+(3">,-+?"'?>,*0$%(>"]Liu, H., Grot, S., & Logan, B. E. (2005)"
>%*/"(52%(%1.1& >%*/"(52%(%1.1",*"G.5,%*/"("*.5("+>"(3$"T,*V'(+,%",T"V$(3'%$"0S"V+1*,0$>"&%,M%"'>" V$(3'%,8$%>U"F*8'%+>V>"1'L'0-$",T"L*,?/1+%8"V$(3'%$"3'D$"0$$%"+?$%(+T+$?",%-S"T*,V"(3$" &+%8?,V"`*13'$'4"'"8*,/L"L3S-,8$%$(+1'--S"?+>(+%1("T*,V"0,(3"$/&'*S,($>"'%?"0'1($*+'4"'-(3,/83" V'%S"-+D$"+%"1-,>$"'>>,1+'(+,%"M+(3"'%'$*,0+1"0'1($*+'U"O3$"L*,?/1(+,%",T"V$(3'%$"+>"'%"+VL,*('%(" '%?"M+?$>L*$'?"T,*V",T"V+1*,0+'-"V$('0,-+>VU")%"V,>("$%D+*,%V$%(>4"+("+>"(3$"T+%'-">($L"+%"(3$" ?$1,VL,>+(+,%",T"0+,V'>>U" 6$1$%(-S4"+("3'>"0$$%"?$V,%>(*'($?"(3'("-$'T"(+>>/$>",T"-+D+%8"L-'%(>"$V+("V$(3'%$U"`-(3,/83"(3$" V$13'%+>V"0S"M3+13">/13"V$(3'%$"L*,?/1(+,%",11/*>"+>4"'>"S$(4"/%&%,M%4"(3$"+VL-+1'(+,%>"'*$"T'*: *$'13+%8k"(3+>"+>"'%"$G'VL-$",T"V$(3'%,8$%$>+>",11/**+%8"+%"%,%:V+1*,0$>4"L*$>/V'0-S"/%?$*" '$*,0+1"1,%?+(+,%>U"E,>(",T"M3'("+>"&%,M%"'0,/("V$(3'%,8$%$>+>"1,V$>"T*,V"V+1*,0+'-">(/?+$>U"
+%"@/.(2&e.*/&B"@/&K*/%8O" O3$"($'V"V'+%-S"1,VV/%+1'($?"/>+%8"(3$+*"0'>+1"$:V'+-"'%?">&SL$U" F(3$*"V,?$>",T"1,%('1("+%1-/?$?"T$M"D,+1$"1'-->",D$*"L3,%$"'%?">,1+'-"%$(M,*&" T'1$0,,&U"E'%S"'"(+V$>4"M$"3'?"T$M"%$(M,*&>"L*,0-$V"?/$"(,"M3+13"M$" 1,/-?%Y("8$("+%"(,/13"M+(3"$'13",(3$*U"9/("3,M$D$*4",D$*M3$-V+%8"$D$*S(3+%84" (3$"L*,7$1("1'V$",/("(,"0$"'">/11$>>T/-",%$"T,*"(3$"($'V"'>"'"M3,-$U" &
" \D$*S"+%?+D+?/'-"+%"(3$"($'V"M'>"'%"$G1$--$%("*$>$'*13$*"M3,>$"L*+V'*S" 8,'-"M'>"(,">$("(3$"('*8$(U"\'13",%$"1'V$"T,*M'*?"M+(3"(3$+*"D+$M>",T"(,L+1>" '%?"M+(3,/("V/13",T"1,%T/>+,%"(3$S"3'?"L*,V+>$?"(,"1,%(*+0/($">,V$(3+%8" (,M'*?>"(3$"T/$-"M3+13"V'?$"(3$V"(3+%&",T"!"@*%8."#FCD<852%(&L3%#U" 9C6J&6J&eC09&9CB&9B0>&9C6-kJ&0L9B+&BlAB+6B-:6-T&T:0O" g[N^25$=2-.!;&2%;285;2;I7;#.;&0;21@251C281285.&D2$&6251C28127382@1#C$#6285.&-=2.&2$2#.-582C$9'2 >1#D.&-2$=2$28;$%2.&28;#%=21@2#;=;$#052.=2$2-#;$82#;$/.4$8.1&2"92%;'2<0.;&0;2$&62A$85;%$8.0=2.=2!$=82 $&621&;20$&&182#;$05285;281723&8./2-1162;I7;#.;&0;'g2>'S>"9'-'7$$"#$%&'(6'V'%" b<0.;&0;25$62$/C$9=2";;&2%92=8#1&-271.&8Q2$&6285#13-5285;2[/1"$/2N5$//;&-;2^C$#627#1a;08Q2M2C$=2 $"/;28126;!;/172%92=D.//=2$&62D&1C/;6-;2$&6205$//;&-;2%9=;/@'2A92%1=82%;%1#$"/;205$//;&-;2C$=2 85;26;=.-&2913#21C&2
1#6;#28128;$052185;#=2812$77#;0.$8;2$201%7/;I2817.02.&2$2=.%7/;2C$9'2M82C$=2a3=82";$38.@3/'2M2@;/82/.D;2 B.&=8;.&'X"c/,($>"`%$$>3'"6'83/%'(3'%U" b2^20137/;2%1&85=2$-1Q2M2C$=2=8#3--/.&-28#9.&-2812=8$92$C$D;263#.&-2%92%$8520/$==Q25$!.&-2812=.82.&2 1&2/;083#;=285$82M2$/#;$692D&;C2";@1#;285;27#1@;==1#2;!;&2=8$#8;6285;20/$==Q2"38285#13-5285;2[N^2 7#1-#$%2M25$!;2";;&2$"/;2812;I7/1#;2=12%$&9285.&-='2M23=;628125$8;2%$85Q2"382&1C2M2C13/62/1!;2812 ";01%;2$2%$85;%$8.0.$&hX"c/,($>"H,>3/'")VL*,('" bH5.=2[N^2;I7;#.;&0;25$=201%7/;8;/9205$&-;6285;2C$92M2/11D2$8285;2C1#/6'M25$!;2#;$/.4;6285$8285;#;2.=2 $2/182%1#;2812<0.;&0;2$&62H;05&1/1-9285$&2C5$82C;2=;;2$&62D&1C21@2$&6251C2!.8$/2$2#1/;285;2 ;&!.#1&%;&827/$9=2.&285;26;!;/17%;&821@285;2C1#/62$=2$2C51/;'H5.&-=2C;2612;!;#96$925$!;28$D;&2$2 C51/;2&;C2=5$7;2&1C'X"*$'-+>$>"A+&3+-"#$%&'(""
" " " 2,V$"FT"(3$"N,VV/%+1'(+,%>"/>+%8"(3$"$V'+-"'>"$D+?$%1$>"+>"0$-,MZ0 September 1, 2008: between Balajee and Joshua
Hey Joshua Improta, This is Balajee VenkatRaman from Bangalore, India. I have registered for GCA and I'm one of your International Team Mates. Glad to be your Team Mate. I am known to Aswin as we study in the same school who is likely to be our Mentor. I along with Nikhil (my Country team-mate, who is my classmate) are happy to part with you throughout the journey of GCA 2008-09. Kindly do mail me when you will be online so that we can discuss (either in your Standard Time or in Indian Standard Time) so that we can discuss about the project. We do have some ideas and we shall share ideas bringing out the Best. Keep In Touch. Let me know when you will be online. Waiting for your reply as soon as possible. "Hope For Winning The BEST" Regards, Balajee VenkatRaman
Hey, I do not necessarily know what time will be good for me, because of soccer. When will you be available? ;<" "
Regards, Joshua
October 5, 2008: Aswin to the Team Hey , Just mailing to check in how things are going with your project. I haven't heard from you in a while and thought i'd check up on your progress and assist you with any help that you might need. Please let me know if you or your team is facing any help and i'd only be glad to help! Keep me updated on your progress every week . -Regards, Aswin
November 1, 2008: Nikhil To Aneesha Hey, First of all,welcome to the team.The entire team is delighted to have you with us so swiftly after Somer left.Josh tells me that he has already written to you giving you the jist of our team.My country teammate Balajee and I would also,however,like to know what we need to know about you.Firstly where are you from...and other required details would also be helpful. If you have any problems regarding any issue you can contact either Josh,Balajee,Aswin or me. Nikhil
November 12, 2007: Nikhil To The Team
;!" "
Hello,
How's everything going?Josh,I'm hoping you've made progress on the STEM explorations...and give Aneesha a low down on what the two of you are supposed to be doing as well. I would like to have a conference call with all of you on Sunday,the 16th of November at 8.00 p.m. IST(which is around 10.30 a.m in the United Sates).We need to proceed with the team building exercises and STEM explorations,something I'm sure you are all aware of.Aswin will be there as well,so he can run us through the finer details regarding everything we are supposed to be doing.And whatever happens DO NOT miss this conference.In case of any problem report to me at the earliest. Looking forward to meeting all of you on Sunday! Nikhil
November 12, 2008: from Aswin to the Team
Hey , I wanted you guys to take a look at this - when you open the link - look to the left side (the dropdown menu) and read all those balances that they are talking about ...... i want one of you to have a clear understanding on all of them that apply to your project. http://www.globalchallengeaward.org/team_tools/globalresources.html -Regards, Aswin
November 12, 2008: between Balajee And Aneesha Hey, This is Balajee VenkatRaman your international team-mate. I live in Bangalore, India. And once for all welcome to our team-"Simple Thoughts". Do kindly introduce yourself. I hope you are in touch with Joshua Improta. Nikhil and I are classmates. Kindly do introduce ;R" "
yourself. Regards, Balajee VenkatRaman Hello, I am very happy to join a committed team as well, because I left my other team because of a lack of a commitment. I am from New Jersey, USA where I have lived practically my whole life. I was involved in an extremely rigorous competition from 6-9 grade, where I was involved with Science Olympiad, a national organization. Our school won first place in the entire USA, for our competitive events, of which I participated in Ecology, Meterology and general Biology. Science is a passion of mine, and that was why I decided to join Global Challenge in the first place. However, this is my first year doing this, and I haven't done STEM explorations before. I would really appreciate it if you guys could fill me in as to what I need to do. Thanks Aneesha
November 13, 2008: Aswin To The Team
Hi , I have a good news for you guys - the thing that spoke about the limit of pages that each document should be has been scrapped - you guys can do that document for however long you guys want it to be - I am looking for a minimum of 3 pages atleast on each document but i'm sure you have way more than that to write ..... hopefully - See you at skl toms then ! -Regards, Aswin
November 18, 2008: from Aswin- to Team Hey guy , Just thought I must give you a heads up before you guys land up in any trouble .... - if ;J" "
you're password is still 'gca' for e-folio ....... then you must change it ASAP before uploading anything to the e-folio so that there are no members from other teams who alter/delete your work .... So please change it ASAP ......
-Regards, Aswin
;P" "
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page…………………………………….………1 Table of Contents…………………………………….2 Executive Summary…………………………………...3 Industrial Analysis……………………………….……5 United States……………………………………..8 India……………………………………………..9 Germany……………………………..…………12 Technical Analysis…………………………….…….15 Market Analysis……………………………….…….25 United States……………………………………27 India……………………………………….…..30 Germany………………………………….…….33 Manufacturing and Operations………………..…….38 Feasibility……………………………………….…..42 United States…………………………..……….43 Germany…………………………….………….45 India……………………………………………46 Key Personnel……………………………………….49 Bibliography………………………………..……….54 Appendix…………………………………………….57
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One of the main advantages is that this system is climate dependent, location dependent and time dependent. Until all requirements are met, the manufacturing runs smoothly. In the recent past, hydrogen fuel has achieved a great recognition and attraction. Hydrogen is considered to be an ideal energy carrier in the foreseeable future. It can be produced from water by using a variety of energy sources, such as solar, nuclear and fossils, and it can be converted into useful energy forms efficiently and without detrimental environmental effects. The only by-product is water or water vapor (if air is used for flame combustion of hydrogen, small amounts of NO2 are produced). When solar energy - in its direct and/or indirect forms - is used to produce hydrogen from water, both the primary and secondary forms of energy become renewable and environmentally compatible, resulting with an ideal, clean and permanent energy system - the Solar Hydrogen Energy System. Hydrogen can be used in any application in which fossil fuels are being used today, with sole exception of cases in which carbon is specifically needed. Hydrogen can be used as fuel in furnaces, internal combustion engines, turbines and jet engines. " O3$")%($*%'(+,%'-"`>>,1+'(+,%"[,*"@S?*,8$%"\%$*8S"i>(*+D$>"(,"'?D'%1$"(3$"?'S"M3$%" @fe6FC\A"\A\6Cf"M+--"0$1,V$"(3$"L*+%1+L'-"V$'%>"0S"M3+13"(3$"M,*-?"M+--"'13+$D$"+(>"-,%8:>,/83(" 8,'-",T"`0/%?'%("N-$'%"\%$*8S"T,*"E'%&+%?Uj"O,M'*?"(3+>"$%?4"(3$"`>>,1+'(+,%">(+V/-'($>"(3$" $G13'%8$",T"+%T,*V'(+,%"+%"@S?*,8$%"\%$*8S"T+$-?"(3*,/83"+(>"L/0-+1'(+,%>"'%?">L,%>,*>3+L",T" +%($*%'(+,%'-"M,*&>3,L>4">3,*("1,/*>$>"'%?"1,%T$*$%1$>U")%"'??+(+,%4"(3$"`>>,1+'(+,%"$%?$'D,*>"(," +%T,*V"(3$"8$%$*'-"L/0-+1",T"(3$"+VL,*('%("*,-$",T"@S?*,8$%"\%$*8S"+%"(3$"L-'%%+%8",T"'%" +%$G3'/>(+0-$"'%?"1-$'%"$%$*8S">S>($VUj"b$(",/*"L*,7$1("0$"'">($L"(,"L*,V,($"(3$"'>>,1+'(+,%"'%?" '13+$D$"(3$"8,'-U" & & ;" "
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The future seems encouraging for this industry in terms of the expected surge in global demand and recession in investments. The economic crisis can be overcome in several trends such as over-capacity in developed markets, globalization, technology advances, regulation and environmental consideration, and market fragmentation and product proliferation will result in the rapid growth of this sector. & 6-9B+-096K-0I&CSN+KTB-&LMBI&6-NMJ9+S& M-69BN&J909BJ" " )%"(3$"L*$>$%(">1$%'*+,",T"(3$"M,*-?4"L$,L-$"3'D$"0$$%"'"D+1(+V",T"$%$*8S"L*,0-$V>4"0,(3".(& *%8,1&5?&@51*&"1&U%##&"1&"=".#"G.#.*DU"F/*"L*,7$1("+>"(,"-$>>$%"(3$"L'+%",T"(3$"$%$*8S"1*+>+>U"O3$"_%+($?" 2('($>"3'>"0$$%"'"1,/%(*S"M3,>$"$%$*8S"V'*&$("+>"'*,/%?"RB4<<<"($*'M'(("3,/*>"L$*"S$'*U"\%$*8S" 1,%>/VL(+,%"L$*"1'L+('"+>"QUI"(,%>",T",+-"$c/+D'-$%("L$*"S$'*4"1,VL'*$?"(,"C$*V'%SX>"PUR"(,%>"'%?" N'%'?'X>"IUJ"(,%>U")%"R<<54"P
The House Committee on Energy and Commerce, as well as President Obama have introduced legislation to grant significant tax credits to people who own hybrid cars. Hybrid cars are able to run on both gasoline and other fuel sources such as hydrogen. T%(%8"#&>5*581"+>">('*(+%8"'"L*,7$1("M+(3"J/%##"(,",L$%"(3$"T+*>("1,V0+%$?"/D<852%(&"(<& 2"15#.(%&1*"*.5(&.(&-58*/&0,%8.@"U"O3$">('(+,%">/LL,*(>"'"C$%$*'-"E,(,*>X"T-$$(",T"T/$-"1$--"D$3+1-$>U" I" "
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The State of California ran an experimental program from 1980 to 1990 which allowed anyone to convert a gasoline vehicle to 85% methanol with 15% additives of choice. Over 500 vehicles were converted to high compression and dedicated use of the 85/15 methanol and ethanol, with great results. Detroit was not willing to produce any methanol or ethanol vehicles without government subsidy. `("(3$"0$8+%%+%8",T"(3$"R<(3"1$%(/*S4"L$(*,-$/V"M'>"'"V+%,*"*$>,/*1$"/>$?"(,"V'%/T'1(/*$" -/0*+1'%(>"'%?"T/$-"T,*"&$*,>$%$"'%?",+-"-'VL>U"F%$"3/%?*$?"S$'*>"-'($*"+("3'?"0$1,V$"(3$" L*$$V+%$%("$%$*8S">,/*1$"T,*"(3$"_U2U"'%?"(3$"*$>(",T"(3$"M,*-?U"O3+>"*+>$"1-,>$-S"L'*'--$-$?"(3$" $V$*8$%1$",T"(3$"'/(,V,0+-$"'>"'"V'7,*"T,*1$"+%"`V$*+1'%"1/-(/*$"'%?"(3$"$1,%,VSU"=3+-$" L$(*,-$/V"+>"'->,"/>$?"'>"'">,/*1$"T,*"L-'>(+1>"'%?",(3$*"13$V+1'->4"'%?"L,M$*>"D'*+,/>"+%?/>(*+'-" L*,1$>>$>4"(M,:(3+*?>",T",+-"1,%>/VL(+,%"+%"(3$"_U2U"(,?'S"+>"+%"(3$"T,*V",T"+(>"?$*+D$?"(*'%>L,*('(+,%" T/$->U"F+-X>"/%+c/$"c/'-+(+$>"T,*"(*'%>L,*('(+,%"T/$->"+%"($*V>",T"$%$*8S"1,%($%(4"1,>(",T"L*,?/1(+,%4" '%?">L$$?",T"*$T/$-+%8"3'D$"V'?$"+("?+TT+1/-("(,">/LL-'%("M+(3"($13%,-,8+1'-"'-($*%'(+D$>"?$D$-,L$?" >,"T'*U"
According to the Carbon Mitigation Center at Princeton University, the greenhouse gas emissions are reduced by 86% for cellulose compared to corn’s 29% reduction. In 2006, the United States president George W. Bush said in a State of the Union speech that the US is "addicted to oil" and should replace 75% of imported oil by 2025 by alternative sources of energy. The 2007-12-19 U.S. Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 require American “fuel producers to use at least 36 billion gallons of biofuel in 2022. This is nearly a fivefold increase over current levels.” United States has been a country which has been trying to promote any alternative that is possible at the earliest. Its main theme is to eradicate any thing that disrupts the environment. & 6-N60& \%$*8S"1,%>$*D'(+,%"3'>"$V$*8$?"'>"'"V'7,*"L,-+1S",07$1(+D$4"'%?"(3$"\%$*8S"N,%>$*D'(+,%" `1("]R<>$?"0S"(3$")%?+'%".'*-+'V$%("+%"2$L($V0$*"*$c/+*$>"-'*8$"$%$*8S"1,%>/V$*>"(," '?3$*$"(,"$%$*8S"1,%>/VL(+,%"%,*V>k"%$M"0/+-?+%8>"(,"T,--,M"(3$"\%$*8S"N,%>$*D'(+,%"9/+-?+%8" N,?$k"'%?"'LL-+'%1$>"(,"V$$("$%$*8S"L$*T,*V'%1$">('%?'*?>"'%?"(,"?+>L-'S"$%$*8S"1,%>/VL(+,%" -'0$->U"O3$"`1("'->,"1*$'($?"(3$"9/*$'/",T"\%$*8S"\TT+1+$%1S"(,"+VL-$V$%("(3$"L*,D+>+,%>",T"(3$"`1(" ]3((LZggMMMU0$$:+%?+'U%+1U+%g^U"" `11,*?+%8"(,"(3$"9/*$'/4"(3$"$%$*8S"L,-+1S",T")%?+'"+>"13'*'1($*+d$?"0S"(*'?$,TT>"0$(M$$%" T,/*"V'7,*"?*+D$*>Z"
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We took into consideration important business factors like the following: ! ! ! !
Business structure & community involvement Market size (large for the automobile industry) Sensitivity analysis (SWOT Analysis) Extraction & operating cost
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Our business plan could not exactly identify the cost of production and transportation because of a lack of concrete information available to us. SWOT Analysis (marketingteacher.com), is a strategic planning tool used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project or in a business venture. It involves specifying the objective of the business venture or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieving that objective.
STRENGTHS OF THE BUSINESS PLAN ! ! ! ! !
High yielding nature of the bacteria species Cradle to cradle design Availability of bacteria Availability of capital Already available markets for expansion
WEAKNESS OF THE BUSINESS PLAN ! Culturing bacteria that is potentially useless for other purposes OPPURTUNITIES OF THE BUSINESS PLAN: ! Employment ! BIODIESEL providing efficient car usage compared to fossil fuels ! Providing an alternative to crops that are currently being used to produce biodiesel THREATS TO THE BUSINESS PLAN: ! Unavailability of bacteria ! Culturing bacteria that is not useful for other purposes ! Distribution costs of transportation from manufacturing units to retail and distribution centers (distance from field to outlets)
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M'*V+%84"A+&3+-4"9'-'7$$4"`%$$>3'4"'%?"H,>3/'"8*$'(-S"$%*+13$?"(3$"&%,M-$?8$",T"(3$+*"?+D$*8$%(" 1/-(/*$>"'%?"-+T$>(S-$>U" O3$S"M$*$"(*/-S"3,%,*$?"(,"M,*&"+%"(3$"L*$>$%1$",T">/13"8*$'("V+%?>"'%?"-$'?$*>4">/13"'>"A+&3+-" #$%&'(4"9'-'7$$"#$%&'(*'V'%4"'%?"`>M+%"N3'%?*'>$&3'*'%4"(3$+*"V$%(,*U""`%$$>3'"'%?"H,>3" 1,--$1(+D$-S"D,/13"(3'("(3$S"1,/-?"%,("3'D$"3'?"0$(($*"($'VV'($>",*"'"V,*$"?$?+1'($?"V$%(,*U" -6kC6I&0-N&!0I04BB&O&& e$>L+($"(3$+*"+%+(+'-"'LL*$3$%>+,%"'0,/("M,*&+%8"M+(3"L$,L-$"(3$S"3'D$"%$D$*"V$("0$T,*$4"9'-'7$$" '%?"A+&3+-">,,%"T+8/*$?",/("(3'("M,*&+%8"M+(3"L$,L-$"T*,V"?+TT$*$%("1/-(/*'-"0'1&8*,/%?>"M'>"%,(" %$1$>>'*+-S"'"0'?"(3+%8U"O3$+*"V$%(,*"`>M+%"N3'%?*'>$&3'*'%">/88$>($?"H,>3/'")VL*,('"'%?"2,V$*" N,,&"'>"L,($%(+'-"+%($*%'(+,%'-"($'VV'($>U"9/("'T($*">,V$"+%+(+'-">3/TT-+%8"+%"(3$"($'V4"2,V$*"-$T(" (3$"($'VU"=+(3"'"-,(",T"1,%($VL-'(+,%",D$*"'"L,>>+0-$"T,/*(3"V$V0$*4"(3$"($'V"T,/%?"`%$$>3'" 6'83/%'(3'%4"'"3'*?"M,*&+%8"'%?"?$?+1'($?"+%?+D+?/'-"M3,V"(3$"($'V"T,/%?"(,"0$"'%"+?$'-" ($'VV'($U"O3$"($'V"-$'*%("'"-,("T*,V"(3$+*"V$%(,*4"`>M+%"N3'%?*'>$&3'*'%4",M+%8"(,"3+>"L*$D+,/>" $GL$*+$%1$"+%"(3$"1,VL$(+(+,%U"O3$"?+D$*>$"1/-(/*$"M+(3+%"(3$"($'V"0*,/83("(3$"($'V"1-,>$*"(,8$(3$*" +%"'"c/+($">/*L*+>+%8"V'%%$*U"O3$"(*$V$%?,/>"M,*&"$(3+1"T*,V"$D$*S"L'*(",T"(3$"($'V"'%?"(3$" 1,%>('%("V,(+D'(+,%",T"(3$+*"V$%(,*"3$-L$?"L/--"(3$"($'V"(3,/83"?+TT+1/-("(+V$>U"`"M3,-$3$'*($?" '(($VL("T*,V"$D$*S,%$"3$-L$?"($'V"2+VL-$"O3,/83("1,VL-$($"+(>"L*,7$1("+%"T+%$"T'>3+,%.
5J" "
BIBLIOGRAPHY Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. (n.d.). Retrieved May 1, 2009, from US Fish and Wildlife Service Web site: http://arctic.fws.gov/ Call, D. F. (n.d.). Single-Chamber Microbial Electrolysis Cell . Dissertation Abstracts, 1. Retrieved March 9, 2009, from Penn State Web site: http://www.microbialfuelcell.org/!Presentations/!First%20MFC%20symposium/!2%20MFC%20Sympo sium%20Presentation%20-%20Doug.pdf Cheng, S., & Logan, B. E. (2007). Sustainable and efficient biohydrogen production via electrohydrogenesis. PNAS, 104, (47), 18871-18873. CIA World Factbook. (n.d.). Retrieved May 1, 2009, from Central Intelligence Agency Web site: https://www.cia.gov/!library/!publications/!the-world-factbook/ CNN Election Center. (2008, December). Retrieved April 30, 2009, from http://www.cnn.com/!electioncenter DOE. Hydrogen, fuel cells & infrastructure technologies program. Multi-year . (2007, September). Environmental Project Agency Methane Database. (n.d.). Retrieved May 1, 2009, from 5P" "
http://www.epa.gov/!methane Haldane, J. (1990). Dædalus, or, Science and the Future. Princeton University Press. The History of Hydrogen . (n.d.). Retrieved April 30, 2009, from Department of Energy Web site: http://www.hydrogenassociation.org/!general/!factSheet_history.pdf Hu, Fan, Liu. (2008). Hydrogen Production Using Single-chamber Membrane-free Microbial Electrolysis Cells Water Research. Dissertation Abstracts International, 42, 4172-4178 . Indian Bureau of Energy Efficiency. (2009). Retrieved May 1, 2009, from Ministry of Power, Government of India Web site: http://www.bee-india.nic.in/ Joint Genome Institute [Fact sheet on bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides ]. (n.d.). Retrieved April 30, 2009, from University of California Berkeley Web site: http://genome.jgi-psf.org/ Liu, H. (2007). New Membrane-Free Microbial Electrolysis Cell for Hydrogen Production from Biowaste. Retrieved April 30, 2009, from Oregon State University Web site: http://www.greencarcongress.com/!2008/!10/!new-membrane-fr.html Liu, H., Grot, S., & Logan, B. E. (2005). Electrochemically Assisted Microbial Production of Hydrogen from Acetate. Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, (11), 4317-4320. Logan. (2004). Logan, B., Feature Article: Extracting hydrogen and electricity from renewable resources. Environmental Science and Technology, 9, 160A-167A. Logan. (2008). Microbial Electrolysis Cell Hydrogen Production . Dissertation Abstracts, 1. Retrieved from Penn State Web site: http://www.microbialfuelcell.org/!www/!index.php/!component/!option,com_jombib/!Itemid,100/ Market Teacher. (n.d.). SWOT Analysis. Retrieved May 1, 2009, from http://www.marketingteacher.com/!Lessons/!lesson_swot.htm McDonough, W., & Braungart, M. (n.d.). Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things. 55" "
“Cradle to Cradle maps the lineaments of McDonough and Braungart’s new design paradigm, offering practical steps on how to innovate within today’s economic environment.” National Science Foundation. (2007, November 12). Microbes Churn Out Hydrogen at Record Rate. Retrieved April 30, 2009, from National Science Foundation Web site: http://www.nsf.gov/!news/!news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=110648 Princeton Environmental Institute. (n.d.). Carbon Mitigation Center (Initiative). Retrieved May 1, 2009, from Princeton University Web site: http://web.princeton.edu/!sites/!pei/ Rifkin, J. (1999). The Hydrogen Economy. New York . “In this book, Rifkin, author and president of the Foundation on Economic Trends, critiques America’s dependence on fossil fuels and makes clear the catastrophic economic effect it could have in the future. Hydrogen, he argues, is the key to a clean, safe and sustainable world.” Rozendal, R. A., Hamelers, H. V., Euverink, Metz, G. J., & Buisman. (2006). Principle and perspectives of hydrogen production through biocatalyzed electrolysis. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy , 1632-1640. United States Census Bureau. (2009). Retrieved May 1, 2009, from http://www.census.gov/!compendia/!statab/!cats/!geography_environment.html United States Department of Energy Hydrogen Program. (n.d.). Retrieved April 30, 2009, from Department of Energy Web site: http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/ Water Research. (n.d.). Performance of single chamber biocatalyzed electrolysis with different types of ion exchange membranes. Dissertation Abstracts, 1.
5;" "
APPENDIX u+%17.85,%*%8& &
""""""""""""""""""
" 5Q"
"
`"*$>L+*,V$($*"+>"'"?$D+1$"/>$?"(,"V$'>/*$"(3$"*'($",T"*$>L+*'(+,%",T"'"-+D+%8",*8'%+>V"0S"V$'>/*+%8" +(>"*'($",T"$G13'%8$",T",GS8$%"'%?"1'*0,%"?+,G+?$U"O3$S"'--,M"+%D$>(+8'(+,%"+%(,"3,M"T'1(,*>">/13"'>" '8$",*"(3$"$TT$1(",T"-+83("'TT$1("(3$"*'($",T"*$>L+*'(+,%U" `">+VL-$"*$>L+*,V$($*"?$>+8%$?"(,"V$'>/*$",GS8$%"/L('&$",*"NFR"*$-$'>$"1,%>+>(>",T"'">$'-$?" 1,%('+%$*"M+(3"(3$"-+D+%8">L$1+V$%"(,8$(3$*"M+(3"'">/0>('%1$"(,"'0>,*0"(3$"1'*0,%"?+,G+?$"8+D$%",TT" ?/*+%8"*$>L+*'(+,%4">/13"'>">,?'"-+V$"L$--$(>",*"1,((,%"M'?>">,'&$?"M+(3"L,('>>+/V"3S?*,G+?$U"O3$" ,GS8$%"/L('&$"+>"?$($1($?"0S"?+>L-'1$V$%(",T"V'%,V$(*+1"T-/+?"+%"'"(3+%"8-'>>"_:(/0$"1,%%$1($?"(," (3$"1,%('+%$*U"=3$%"(3$",*8'%+>V"('&$>"+%",GS8$%"+("8+D$>",TT"'%"$c/'-"D,-/V$",T"1'*0,%"?+,G+?$U"`>" (3+>"+>"'0>,*0$?"0S"(3$">,?'"-+V$4"'+*"+>">/1&$?"+%"T*,V"(3$"_:(/0$"(,"&$$L"(3$"L*$>>/*$"1,%>('%(4" ?+>L-'1+%8"(3$"-+c/+?U"O3$"*'($",T"13'%8$"8+D$>"'"?+*$1("'%?"*$'>,%'0-S"'11/*'($"*$'?+%8"T,*"(3$" ,*8'%+>VX>"*'($",T"*$>L+*'(+,%U" `>"13'%8$>"+%"($VL$*'(/*$",*"L*$>>/*$"1'%"'->,"'TT$1("(3$"?+>L-'1$V$%(",T"(3$"V'%,V$(*+1"T-/+?4"'" >$1,%?"*$>L+*,V$($*"+?$%(+1'-"(,"(3$"T+*>("$G1$L("M+(3"'"?$'?">L$1+V$%"],*">,V$(3+%8"M+(3"(3$">'V$" V'>>"'>"(3$">L$1+V$%"+%"L-'1$",T"(3$",*8'%+>V^"+>">,V$(+V$>">$("/LU"2/0(*'1(+%8"(3$"?+>L-'1$V$%(",T" (3$">$1,%?"*$>L+*,V$($*"T*,V"(3$"T+*>("'--,M>"T,*"1,%(*,-",T"(3$>$"T'1(,*>U" uuT"1&:/85,"*528"/&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&"
"
5I" "
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c/+?">('(+,%'*S"L3'>$",%"'">,-+?">/LL,*(U"2$L'*'(+,%",T"-,M:V,-$1/-'*"M$+83("8'>$>"+>" '11,VL-+>3$?"M+(3">,-+?"'?>,*0$%(>"]Liu, H., Grot, S., & Logan, B. E. (2005)"
>%*/"(52%(%1.1& >%*/"(52%(%1.1",*"G.5,%*/"("*.5("+>"(3$"T,*V'(+,%",T"V$(3'%$"0S"V+1*,0$>"&%,M%"'>" V$(3'%,8$%>U"F*8'%+>V>"1'L'0-$",T"L*,?/1+%8"V$(3'%$"3'D$"0$$%"+?$%(+T+$?",%-S"T*,V"(3$" &+%8?,V"`*13'$'4"'"8*,/L"L3S-,8$%$(+1'--S"?+>(+%1("T*,V"0,(3"$/&'*S,($>"'%?"0'1($*+'4"'-(3,/83" V'%S"-+D$"+%"1-,>$"'>>,1+'(+,%"M+(3"'%'$*,0+1"0'1($*+'U"O3$"L*,?/1(+,%",T"V$(3'%$"+>"'%"+VL,*('%(" '%?"M+?$>L*$'?"T,*V",T"V+1*,0+'-"V$('0,-+>VU")%"V,>("$%D+*,%V$%(>4"+("+>"(3$"T+%'-">($L"+%"(3$" ?$1,VL,>+(+,%",T"0+,V'>>U" 6$1$%(-S4"+("3'>"0$$%"?$V,%>(*'($?"(3'("-$'T"(+>>/$>",T"-+D+%8"L-'%(>"$V+("V$(3'%$U"`-(3,/83"(3$" V$13'%+>V"0S"M3+13">/13"V$(3'%$"L*,?/1(+,%",11/*>"+>4"'>"S$(4"/%&%,M%4"(3$"+VL-+1'(+,%>"'*$"T'*: *$'13+%8k"(3+>"+>"'%"$G'VL-$",T"V$(3'%,8$%$>+>",11/**+%8"+%"%,%:V+1*,0$>4"L*$>/V'0-S"/%?$*" '$*,0+1"1,%?+(+,%>U"E,>(",T"M3'("+>"&%,M%"'0,/("V$(3'%,8$%$>+>"1,V$>"T*,V"V+1*,0+'-">(/?+$>U"
+%"@/.(2&e.*/&B"@/&K*/%8O" O3$"($'V"V'+%-S"1,VV/%+1'($?"/>+%8"(3$+*"0'>+1"$:V'+-"'%?">&SL$U" F(3$*"V,?$>",T"1,%('1("+%1-/?$?"T$M"D,+1$"1'-->",D$*"L3,%$"'%?">,1+'-"%$(M,*&" T'1$0,,&U"E'%S"'"(+V$>4"M$"3'?"T$M"%$(M,*&>"L*,0-$V"?/$"(,"M3+13"M$" 1,/-?%Y("8$("+%"(,/13"M+(3"$'13",(3$*U"9/("3,M$D$*4",D$*M3$-V+%8"$D$*S(3+%84" (3$"L*,7$1("1'V$",/("(,"0$"'">/11$>>T/-",%$"T,*"(3$"($'V"'>"'"M3,-$U" &
" \D$*S"+%?+D+?/'-"+%"(3$"($'V"M'>"'%"$G1$--$%("*$>$'*13$*"M3,>$"L*+V'*S" 8,'-"M'>"(,">$("(3$"('*8$(U"\'13",%$"1'V$"T,*M'*?"M+(3"(3$+*"D+$M>",T"(,L+1>" '%?"M+(3,/("V/13",T"1,%T/>+,%"(3$S"3'?"L*,V+>$?"(,"1,%(*+0/($">,V$(3+%8" (,M'*?>"(3$"T/$-"M3+13"V'?$"(3$V"(3+%&",T"!"@*%8."#FCD<852%(&L3%#U" 9C6J&6J&eC09&9CB&9B0>&9C6-kJ&0L9B+&BlAB+6B-:6-T&T:0O" g[N^25$=2-.!;&2%;285;2;I7;#.;&0;21@251C281285.&D2$&6251C28127382@1#C$#6285.&-=2.&2$2#.-582C$9'2 >1#D.&-2$=2$28;$%2.&28;#%=21@2#;=;$#052.=2$2-#;$82#;$/.4$8.1&2"92%;'2<0.;&0;2$&62A$85;%$8.0=2.=2!$=82 $&621&;20$&&182#;$05285;281723&8./2-1162;I7;#.;&0;'g2>'S>"9'-'7$$"#$%&'(6'V'%" b<0.;&0;25$62$/C$9=2";;&2%92=8#1&-271.&8Q2$&6285#13-5285;2[/1"$/2N5$//;&-;2^C$#627#1a;08Q2M2C$=2 $"/;28126;!;/172%92=D.//=2$&62D&1C/;6-;2$&6205$//;&-;2%9=;/@'2A92%1=82%;%1#$"/;205$//;&-;2C$=2 85;26;=.-&2913#21C&2
1#6;#28128;$052185;#=2812$77#;0.$8;2$201%7/;I2817.02.&2$2=.%7/;2C$9'2M82C$=2a3=82";$38.@3/'2M2@;/82/.D;2 B.&=8;.&'X"c/,($>"`%$$>3'"6'83/%'(3'%U" b2^20137/;2%1&85=2$-1Q2M2C$=2=8#3--/.&-28#9.&-2812=8$92$C$D;263#.&-2%92%$8520/$==Q25$!.&-2812=.82.&2 1&2/;083#;=285$82M2$/#;$692D&;C2";@1#;285;27#1@;==1#2;!;&2=8$#8;6285;20/$==Q2"38285#13-5285;2[N^2 7#1-#$%2M25$!;2";;&2$"/;2812;I7/1#;2=12%$&9285.&-='2M23=;628125$8;2%$85Q2"382&1C2M2C13/62/1!;2812 ";01%;2$2%$85;%$8.0.$&hX"c/,($>"H,>3/'")VL*,('" bH5.=2[N^2;I7;#.;&0;25$=201%7/;8;/9205$&-;6285;2C$92M2/11D2$8285;2C1#/6'M25$!;2#;$/.4;6285$8285;#;2.=2 $2/182%1#;2812<0.;&0;2$&62H;05&1/1-9285$&2C5$82C;2=;;2$&62D&1C21@2$&6251C2!.8$/2$2#1/;285;2 ;&!.#1&%;&827/$9=2.&285;26;!;/17%;&821@285;2C1#/62$=2$2C51/;'H5.&-=2C;2612;!;#96$925$!;28$D;&2$2 C51/;2&;C2=5$7;2&1C'X"*$'-+>$>"A+&3+-"#$%&'(""
" " " 2,V$"FT"(3$"N,VV/%+1'(+,%>"/>+%8"(3$"$V'+-"'>"$D+?$%1$>"+>"0$-,MZ0 September 1, 2008: between Balajee and Joshua
Hey Joshua Improta, This is Balajee VenkatRaman from Bangalore, India. I have registered for GCA and I'm one of your International Team Mates. Glad to be your Team Mate. I am known to Aswin as we study in the same school who is likely to be our Mentor. I along with Nikhil (my Country team-mate, who is my classmate) are happy to part with you throughout the journey of GCA 2008-09. Kindly do mail me when you will be online so that we can discuss (either in your Standard Time or in Indian Standard Time) so that we can discuss about the project. We do have some ideas and we shall share ideas bringing out the Best. Keep In Touch. Let me know when you will be online. Waiting for your reply as soon as possible. "Hope For Winning The BEST" Regards, Balajee VenkatRaman
Hey, I do not necessarily know what time will be good for me, because of soccer. When will you be available? ;<" "
Regards, Joshua
October 5, 2008: Aswin to the Team Hey , Just mailing to check in how things are going with your project. I haven't heard from you in a while and thought i'd check up on your progress and assist you with any help that you might need. Please let me know if you or your team is facing any help and i'd only be glad to help! Keep me updated on your progress every week . -Regards, Aswin
November 1, 2008: Nikhil To Aneesha Hey, First of all,welcome to the team.The entire team is delighted to have you with us so swiftly after Somer left.Josh tells me that he has already written to you giving you the jist of our team.My country teammate Balajee and I would also,however,like to know what we need to know about you.Firstly where are you from...and other required details would also be helpful. If you have any problems regarding any issue you can contact either Josh,Balajee,Aswin or me. Nikhil
November 12, 2007: Nikhil To The Team
;!" "
Hello,
How's everything going?Josh,I'm hoping you've made progress on the STEM explorations...and give Aneesha a low down on what the two of you are supposed to be doing as well. I would like to have a conference call with all of you on Sunday,the 16th of November at 8.00 p.m. IST(which is around 10.30 a.m in the United Sates).We need to proceed with the team building exercises and STEM explorations,something I'm sure you are all aware of.Aswin will be there as well,so he can run us through the finer details regarding everything we are supposed to be doing.And whatever happens DO NOT miss this conference.In case of any problem report to me at the earliest. Looking forward to meeting all of you on Sunday! Nikhil
November 12, 2008: from Aswin to the Team
Hey , I wanted you guys to take a look at this - when you open the link - look to the left side (the dropdown menu) and read all those balances that they are talking about ...... i want one of you to have a clear understanding on all of them that apply to your project. http://www.globalchallengeaward.org/team_tools/globalresources.html -Regards, Aswin
November 12, 2008: between Balajee And Aneesha Hey, This is Balajee VenkatRaman your international team-mate. I live in Bangalore, India. And once for all welcome to our team-"Simple Thoughts". Do kindly introduce yourself. I hope you are in touch with Joshua Improta. Nikhil and I are classmates. Kindly do introduce ;R" "
yourself. Regards, Balajee VenkatRaman Hello, I am very happy to join a committed team as well, because I left my other team because of a lack of a commitment. I am from New Jersey, USA where I have lived practically my whole life. I was involved in an extremely rigorous competition from 6-9 grade, where I was involved with Science Olympiad, a national organization. Our school won first place in the entire USA, for our competitive events, of which I participated in Ecology, Meterology and general Biology. Science is a passion of mine, and that was why I decided to join Global Challenge in the first place. However, this is my first year doing this, and I haven't done STEM explorations before. I would really appreciate it if you guys could fill me in as to what I need to do. Thanks Aneesha
November 13, 2008: Aswin To The Team
Hi , I have a good news for you guys - the thing that spoke about the limit of pages that each document should be has been scrapped - you guys can do that document for however long you guys want it to be - I am looking for a minimum of 3 pages atleast on each document but i'm sure you have way more than that to write ..... hopefully - See you at skl toms then ! -Regards, Aswin
November 18, 2008: from Aswin- to Team Hey guy , Just thought I must give you a heads up before you guys land up in any trouble .... - if ;J" "
you're password is still 'gca' for e-folio ....... then you must change it ASAP before uploading anything to the e-folio so that there are no members from other teams who alter/delete your work .... So please change it ASAP ......
-Regards, Aswin
;P" "
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