Shivangi Report (1)

A PROJECT REPORT At

Uttarakhand

Submitted In Partial Fulfillment Of Bachelor Degree In Department Of Tourism Management Affiliated to M.D.University, Rohtak Session: 2018-19

Submitted to:

Submitted by :

Dr. Preeti Raina

Shobha

H.O.D.

Class: B.T.T.M 4th Year Roll No. –

GOVT. COLLEGE FOR WOMEN FARIDABAD

Certificate This is to certify that Ms. Shobha is a student of B.T.T.M 8th Semester in Govt. College For Women Faridabad. She has gone to her training programmed in Uttrakhand.She has prepared her job training report by herself.

Dr. Preeti Raina H.O.D Tourism Department Govt. College for women, Faridabad

DECLARATION I am Shobha hereby declare that the study titled at in “Uttrakhand.”is based on my own Project Report. Indebtedness to other work/publications, if any, has been duly acknowledged at the relevant places. I also assure that the report is prepared as a partial fulfilment of graduation in BTTM at Department of Tourism Management and has not been produced before any other university or college or institution. I also assure that the data used in this report will be used for academic purpose only.

Shobha Department of Tourism Management Govt. College For Women Faridabad

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I own my sincere thanks to Mrs. Preeti Raina for allowing me to work as a trainee in Royal Collection Hotels and Resort And I would like to special thanks Mrs. Preeti Rawat, Mrs. Jyoti Dhankar & Mrs. Poonam Dhankar who gave me training. My training has added to my practical knowledge and built my confidence. Thanks again to all the family members of Royal Collection Hotels And Resort With the active support to which I was able to complete my report work successfully. I would like to convey thanks to Dr. Preeti Raina (H.O.D), for their ready assistance, keen interest and valuable suggestions, I am extremely thankful to my parents, and all my friends for their unconditional support and ready assistance.

Shobha B.T.T.M Roll No. -

PREFACE The 4th year full time program of Tourism Management Course helped in lots of learning. Such has been the presentations and projects which enhanced our learning by adding on to our world of knowledge and training is one of the parts to enhance our Skills & Knowledge.

It was a life time experience for which I thank to all the staff members of Royal Collection Hotel and Resort Pvt. Ltd., my parents, faculty members, administration of the Department of Tourism Management, affiliated to Maharishi Dayanand University Rohtak.

UTTARAKHAND

Uttarakhand ,formerly known as Uttaranchal is a state in the northern part of India. It is often referred to as the Devabhumi (literally "Land of the Gods") due to a large number of Hindu temples and pilgrimage centres found throughout the state. Uttarakhand is known for the natural environment of the Himalayas, the Bhabhar and the Terai. On 9 November 2000, Uttarakhand became the 27th state of the Republic of India, being created from the Himalayan districts of Uttar Pradesh. It borders Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north; the Sudurpashchim Pradesh of Nepal to the east; the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the south and Himachal Pradesh to the west and north-west. The state is divided into two divisions, Garhwal and Kumaon, with a total of 13 districts. The interim capital of Uttarakhand is Dehradun, the largest city of the state, which is a railhead. The High Court of the state is located in Nainital.

Archaeological evidence supports the existence of humans in the region since prehistoric times. The region formed a part of the Uttara Kuru Kingdomduring the Vedic age of Ancient India. Among the first major dynasties of Kumaon were the Kunindas in the 2nd century BCE who practised an early form of Shaivism. Ashokan edicts at Kalsi show the early presence of Buddhism in this region. During the medieval period, the region was consolidated under the Kumaon Kingdom and Garhwal Kingdom. In 1816, most of modern Uttarakhand was ceded to the British as part of the Treaty of Sugauli. Although the erstwhile hill kingdoms of Garhwal

and Kumaon were traditional rivals, the proximity of different neighboring ethnic groups and the inseparable and complementary nature of their geography, economy, culture, language, and traditions created strong bonds between the two regions which further strengthened during the Uttarakhand movement for statehood in the 1990s. The natives of the state are generally called Uttarakhandi, or more specifically either Garhwali or Kumaoni by their region of origin. According to the 2011 Census of India, Uttarakhand has a population of 10,086,292, making it the 20th most populous state in India. Etomology Uttarakhand's

name

is

derived

from

the Sanskrit words uttara meaning

'north',

and khaṇḍa meaning 'land', altogether simply meaning 'Northern Land'. The name finds mention in early Hindu scriptures as the combined region of "Kedarkhand" (present day Garhwal) and "Manaskhand" (present day Kumaon). Uttarakhand was also the ancient Puranic term for the central stretch of the Indian Himalayas. However, the region was given the name Uttaranchal by the Bharatiya Janata Party led central government and Uttar Pradesh state government when they started a new round of state reorganisation in 1998. Chosen for its allegedly less separatist connotations, the name change generated enormous controversy among many activists for a separate state who saw it as a political act. The name Uttarakhand remained popular in the region, even while Uttaranchal was promulgated through official usage. In August 2006, Union Cabinet of India assented to the demands of the Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly and leading members of the Uttarakhand statehood movement to rename Uttaranchal state as Uttarakhand. Legislation to that effect was passed by the Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly in October 2006, and the Union Cabinet brought in the bill in the winter session of Parliament. The bill was passed by Parliament and signed into law by then President A. P. J. Abdul Kalam in December 2006, and since January 1, 2007 the state has been known as Uttarakhand.

History Ancient rock paintings, rock shelters, paleolithic stone tools (hundreds of thousands of years old), and megaliths provide evidence that the mountains of the region have been inhabited since prehistoric times. There are also archaeological remains which show the existence of early Vedic (c. 1500 BCE) practices in the area. The Pauravas, Nandas, Mauryans, Kushanas, Kunindas, Guptas, GurjaraPratihara, Katyuris, Raikas, Palas, Karkotas, Chands, Parmars or Panwars, and the British have ruled Uttarakhand in turns. It is believed that the sage Vyasa scripted the Hindu epic Mahabharata in the state. Among the first major dynasties of Garhwal and Kumaon were the Kunindas in the 2nd century BCE who practised an early form of Shaivismand traded salt with Western Tibet. It is evident from the Ashokan edict at Kalsi in Western Garhwal that Buddhism made inroads in this region. Folk shamanic practices deviating from Hindu orthodoxy also persisted here. However, Garhwal and Kumaon were restored to nominal Hindu rule due to the travels of Shankaracharya and the arrival of migrants from the plains. Between the 4th and 14th centuries, the Katyuri dynasty dominated lands of varying extent from the Katyur (modern day Baijnath) valley in Kumaon. The historically significant temples at Jageshwar are believed to have been built by the Katyuris and later remodelled by the Chands. Other peoples of the Tibeto-Burman group known as Kirata are thought to have settled in the northern highlands as well as in pockets throughout the region, and are believed to be ancestors of the modern day Bhotiya, Raji, Buksa, and Tharupeople. By the medieval period, the region was consolidated under the Garhwal Kingdom in the west and the Kumaon Kingdom in the east. During this period, learning and new forms of painting (the Pahari school of art) developed. Modern-day Garhwal was likewise unified under the rule of Parmars who, along with many Brahmins and Rajputs, also arrived from the plains. In 1791, the expanding Gorkha Empire of Nepal overran Almora, the seat of the Kumaon Kingdom. It was annexed to Kingdom of Nepal by Amar Singh Thapa. In 1803, the Garhwal Kingdom also fell to the Gurkhas. After the Anglo-Nepalese War, this region was ceded to the British as part of the Treaty of Sugauli. The Garhwal Kingdom was then re-established from a smaller region in Tehri.

After India attained independence from the British, the Garhwal Kingdom was merged into the state of Uttar Pradesh, where Uttarakhand composed the Garhwal and Kumaon Divisions. Until 1998, Uttarakhand was the name most commonly used to refer to the region, as various political groups, including the Uttarakhand Kranti Dal (Uttarakhand Revolutionary Party), began agitating for separate statehood under its banner. Although the erstwhile hill kingdoms of Garhwal and Kumaon were traditional rivals the inseparable and complementary nature of their geography, economy, culture, language, and traditions created strong bonds between the two regions. These bonds formed the basis of the new political identity of Uttarakhand, which gained significant momentum in 1994, when demand for separate statehood achieved almost unanimous acceptance among both the local populace and national political parties. The most notable incident during this period was the Rampur Tiraha firing case on the night of 1 October 1994, which led to a public uproar. On 24 September 1998, the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly and Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council passed the Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Bill, which began the process of creating a new state. Two years later the Parliament of India passed the Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000 and thus, on 9 November 2000, Uttarakhand became the 27th state of the Republic of India.

Uttarakhand is also well known for the mass agitation of the 1970s that led to the formation of the Chipko environmental movement and other social movements. Though primarily a livelihood movement rather than a forest conservation movement,

it

went

on

to

become

a

rallying

point

for

many

future environmentalists, environmental protests, and movements the world over and created a precedent for non-violent protest. It stirred up the existing civil society in India, which began to address the issues of tribal and marginalized people. So much so that, a quarter of a century later, India Today mentioned the people behind the "forest satyagraha" of the Chipko movement as amongst "100 people who shaped India". One of Chipko's most salient features was the mass participation of female villagers. Both female and male activists played pivotal roles in the movement. Gaura Devi was the main activist who started this movement other participants were Chandi Prasad Bhatt, Sunderlal Bahuguna, and Ghanshyam Raturi, the popular Chipko poet.

. Culture Uttarakhand's diverse ethnicities have created a rich literary tradition in languages including Hindi, Garhwali, Kumaoni, Jaunsari, and Bhoti. Many of its traditional tales originated in the form of lyrical ballads and chanted by itinerant singers and are now considered classics of Hindi literature. Abodh Bandhu Bahuguna, Badri Datt Pandey, Ganga Prasad Vimal, Harikrishna Raturi, Mohan

Upreti, Naima

Khan

Upreti, Prasoon

Joshi, Shailesh

Matiyani, Shekhar

Joshi, Shivani, Shiv Prasad Dabral 'Charan', Taradutt Gairola, Tom Alter; Lalit Kala Akademi fellow — Ranbir Singh Bisht; Sangeet Natak Akademi Awardees — B. M. Shah, Prem Matiyani and Urmil Kumar Thapliyal; Sahitya Akademi Awardees — Leeladhar Jagudi, Manglesh Dabral, Manohar

Shyam

Joshi, Ramesh

Chandra

Shah, Ruskin

Bond and Viren

Dangwal; Jnanpith Awardeeand Sahitya Akademi fellow Sumitranandan Pant are some major literary, artistic and theatre personalities from the state. Prominent philosophers, Indian independence activists and environmental activists Gaura Devi, Govind Ballabh Pant, Chandi Prasad

Bhatt, Kalu

Singh

Mahara, Mukandi

Lal, Shri

Dev

Suman, Sunderlal

Bahugunaand Vandana Shiva are also from Uttarakhand. Crafts Among the prominent local crafts is wood carving, which appears most frequently in the ornately decorated temples of Uttarakhand. Intricately carved designs of floral patterns, deities, and geometrical motifs also decorate the doors, windows, ceilings, and walls of village houses. Paintings and murals are used to decorate both homes and temples. Pahari painting is a form of painting that flourished in the region between the 17th and 19th century. Mola Ram started the Garhwal Branch of the Kangra school of painting. Guler State was known as the "cradle of Kangra paintings". Kumaoni art often is geometrical in nature, while Garhwali art is known for its closeness to nature. Other crafts of Uttarakhand include handcrafted gold jewellery, basketry from Garhwal, woollen shawls, scarves, and rugs. The latter are mainly produced by the Bhotiyas of northern Uttarakhand.

Cuisine The primary food of Uttarakhand is vegetables with wheat being a staple, although nonvegetarian food is also served. A distinctive characteristic of Uttarakhand cuisine is the sparing use of tomatoes, milk, and milk based products. Coarse grain with high fibre content is very common in Uttarakhand due to the harsh terrain. Crops most commonly associated with Uttarakhand are Buckwheat (locallycalled Kotu or Kuttu) and the regional crops, Maduwa and Jhangora, particularly in the interior regions of Kumaon and Garhwal. Generally, either Desi Ghee or Mustard oil is used for the purpose of cooking food. Simple recipes are made interesting with the use of hash seeds Jakhiya as spice. Bal Mithai is a popular fudge-like sweet. Other popular dishes include Dubuk, Chains, Kap, Bhatiya, Phana, Paliyo, Chutkani and Sei. In sweets; Swal, Ghughut/Khajur, Arsa, Mishri, Gatta and Gulgulas are popular. A regional variation of Kadhi called Jhoi or Jholiis also popular. Dances and music The dances of the region are connected to life and human existence and exhibit myriad human emotions. Langvir Nritya is a dance form for males that resembles gymnastic movements. Barada Nati folk dance is another dance of Jaunsar-Bawar, which is practised during some religious festivals. Other well-known dances include Hurka Baul, Jhora-Chanchri, Chhapeli, Thadya, Jhumaila, Pandav, Chauphula, and Chholiya. Music is an integral part of the Uttarakhandi culture. Popular types of folk songs include Mangal, Basanti, Khuder and Chhopati. These

folk

songs

are

played

on

instruments

including dhol,

damau,

turri, ransingha, dholki, daur, thali, bhankora, mandan and mashakbaja. "Bedu Pako Baro Masa" is a popular folk song of Uttarakhand with international fame and legendary status within the state. It serves as the cultural anthem of Uttarakhandi people worldwide. Music is also used as a medium through which the gods are invoked. Jagar is a form of spirit worship in which the singer, or Jagariya, sings a ballad of the gods, with allusions to great epics,

like Mahabharat and Ramayana, that describe the adventures and exploits of the god being invoked. Basanti Devi Bisht, Chander Singh Rahi, Girish Tiwari 'Girda',

Gopal

Babu

Goswami,

Heera

Singh

Rana, Narendra

Singh

Negi and Meena Rana are popular folk singers and musicians from the state, so is country music singer Bobby Cash. Festivals and fairs One

of

the

major

Hindu

pilgrimages, Haridwar

Kumbh

Mela,

takes

place

in

Uttarakhand. Haridwar is one of the four places in India where this mela is organised. Haridwar most recently hosted the Purna Kumbh Mela from Makar Sankranti (14 January 2010) to Vaishakh Purnima Snan (28 April 2010). Hundreds of foreigners joined Indian pilgrims in the festival which is considered the largest religious gathering in the world. Kumauni Holi, in forms including Baithki Holi, Khari Holi and Mahila Holi, all of which start from Vasant Panchami, are festivals and musical affairs that can last almost a month. Ganga Dashahara, Vasant Panchami, Makar Sankranti, Ghee Sankrant, Khatarua, Vat Savitri, and Phul Dei are other major festivals. In addition, various fairs like Kanwar Yatra, Kandali Festival, Ramman, Harela mela, Kauthig, Nauchandi Mela, Giddi Mela, Uttarayani Mela and Nanda Devi Raj Jat Mela take place. Economy The Uttarakhand state is the second fastest growing state in India. It's gross state domestic product (GSDP) (at constant prices) more than doubled from ₹24,786 crore in FY2005 to 60,898 crore in FY2012. The real GSDP grew at 13.7% (CAGR) during the FY2005–FY2012 period. The contribution of the service sector to the GSDP of Uttarakhand was just over 50% during FY 2012. Per capita income in Uttarakhand is ₹1,03,000 (FY 2013) which is higher than the national

average of ₹74,920 (FY2013). According to the Reserve Bank of India, the total foreign direct investment in the state from April 2000 to October 2009 amounted to US$46.7 million. Like most of India, agriculture is one of the most significant sectors of the economy of Uttarakhand. Basmati rice, wheat, soybeans, groundnuts, coarse cereals, pulses, and oil seedsare the most widely grown crops. Fruits like apples, oranges, pears, peaches, litchis, and plums are widely grown and important to the large food processing industry. Agricultural export zones have been set up in the state for leechi, horticulture, herbs, medicinal plants, and basmati rice. During 2010, wheat production was 831 thousand tonnes and rice production was 610 thousand tonnes, while the main cash crop of the state, sugarcane, had a production of 5058 thousand tonnes. As 86% of the state consists of hills, the yield per hectare is not very high. 86% of all croplands are in the plains while the remaining is from the hills. Other key industries include tourism and hydropower, and there is prospective development in IT, ITES, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals and automobile industries. The service sector of Uttarakhand mainly includes tourism, information technology, higher education, and banking. During 2005–2006, the state successfully developed three Integrated Industrial Estates (IIEs) at Haridwar, Pantnagar, and Sitarganj; Pharma City at Selakui; Information Technology Park at Sahastradhara (Dehradun); and a growth centre at Sigaddi (Kotdwar). Also in 2006, 20 industrial sectors in public private partnership mode were developed in the state. Flaura & Fauna Uttarakhand has a diversity of flora and fauna. It has a recorded forest area of 34,666 km2 which constitutes 65% of the total area of the state. Uttarakhand is home to rare species of plants and animals, many of which are protected by sanctuaries and reserves. National parks in Uttarakhand include the Jim Corbett National Park (the oldest national park of India) at Ramnagar in Nainital District, and Valley of Flowers National Park and Nanda Devi National Park in Chamoli District, which together are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. A number of plant species in the valley are internationally threatened, including several that have not been recorded from elsewhere in Uttarakhand. Rajaji National Park in Haridwar District and Govind Pashu Vihar National Park and Sanctuary and Gangotri National Park in Uttarkashi District are some other protected areas in the state. Leopards are found in areas which are abundant in hills but may also venture into the lowland jungles. Smaller felines include the jungle cat, fishing cat, and leopard cat. Other mammals

include four kinds of deer (barking, sambar, hog and chital), slothand Himalayan black bears, Indian

gray

mongooses, otters, yellow-throated

martens, bharal, Indian

pangolins,

and langur and rhesus monkeys. In the summer, elephantscan be seen in herds of several hundred. Marsh crocodiles (Crocodylus palustris), gharials (Gavialis gangeticus) and other reptiles are also found in the region. Local crocodiles were saved from extinction by captive breeding programs and subsequently re-released into the Ramganga river. Several freshwater terrapins and turtles like the Indian sawback turtle (Kachuga tecta), brahminy river turtle(Hardella thurgii), and Ganges softshell turtle (Trionyx gangeticus) are found in the rivers. Butterflies

and

birds

of

the

region

include red

Helen (Papilio

helenus),

the great

eggfly (Hypolimnos bolina), common tiger (Danaus genutia), pale wanderer(Pareronia avatar avatar), jungle

babbler, tawny-bellied

babbler, great

slaty

woodpecker, red-breasted

parakeet, orange-breasted green pigeon and chestnut-winged cuckoo. In 2011, a rare migratory bird, the bean goose, was also seen in the Jim Corbett National Park. Evergreen oaks, rhododendrons, and conifers predominate in the hills. sal (Shorea robusta), silk cotton tree (Bombax ciliata), Dalbergia sissoo, Mallotus philippensis, Acacia catechu, Bauhinia racemosa, and Bauhinia variegata (camel's foot tree) are some other trees of the region. Albizia chinensis, the sweet sticky flowers of which are favoured by sloth bears, are also part of the region's flora. A decade long study by Prof. Chandra Prakash Kala concluded that the Valley of Flowers is endowed with 520 species of higher plants (angiosperms, gymnosperms and pteridophytes), of these 498 are flowering plants. The park has many species of medicinal plants including Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Picrorhiza kurroa, Aconitum violaceum, Polygonatum multiflorum, Fritillaria roylei, and Podophyllum hexandrum. In the summer season of 2016, a large portion of forests in Uttarakhand caught fires and rubbled to ashes during Uttarakhand forest fires incident which resulted in the damage of forest resources worth billions of rupees and death of 6 people with hundreds of wild animals died during fires. Climate The climate of Uttarakhand is temperate, marked by seasonal variations in temperature but also affected by tropical monsoons. January is the coldest month, with daily high temperatures averaging below freezing in the north and near 70 °F (21 °C) in the southeast. In the north, July is the hottest month, with temperatures typically rising from the mid-40s F (about 7 °C) to about 70 °F daily. In the southeast, May is the warmest month, with daily temperatures normally reaching the low 100s F (about 38 °C) from a low around 80 °F (27 °C). Most of the state’s

roughly 60 inches (1,500 mm) of annual precipitation is brought by the southwest monsoon, which blows from July through September. Floods and landslides are problems during the rainy season in the lower stretches of the valleys. In the northern parts of the state, 10 to 15 feet (3 to 5 metres) of snowfall is common between December and March. Plant and animal life Four major forest types are found in the Uttarakhand, including alpine meadows in the extreme north, temperate forests in the Great Himalayas, tropical deciduous forests in the Lesser Himalayas, and thorn forests in the Siwalik Range and in parts of the Tarai. According to official statistics, more than 60 percent of Uttarakhand is under forest cover; in actuality, however, the coverage is much less. The forests provide not only timber and fuel wood but also extensive grazing land for livestock. Only a small portion of the state’s total land area has permanent pastures. Common tree species of the temperate forests include Himalayan cedar (Deodar cedar), Himalayan (blue) pine, oak, silver fir, spruce, chestnut, elm, poplar, birch, yew, cypress, and rhododendron. Tropical deciduous forests of sal, teak, and shisham—all hardwoods—occur in the submontane tract. Thorn forests of dhak (a type of flowering tree), babul (a type of acacia), and various bushes occur in the south. Uttarakhand has a rich array of animal life. Tigers, leopards, elephants, wild boars, and sloth bears are among the state’s large mammals. Common birds include pigeons, doves, ducks, partridges, peacocks, jays, quail, and woodpeckers. Crocodiles are found in some areas. Lions and rhinoceroses have become extinct in the region. A number of national parks and sanctuaries have been established to preserve Uttarakhand’s wildlife. People Population composition Uttarakhand has a multiethnic population spread across two recognized geocultural regions: the Gahrwal, which corresponds roughly to the northwestern half of the state, and the Kumaun, which spans the southeast. Rajputs (various clans of landowning rulers and their descendants)— including members of the indigenous Garhwali, Gujjar, and Kumauni communities, as well as a number of immigrant peoples—constitute a large portion of the population. Of the total population, nearly one-fifth belongs to the Scheduled Castes (an official designation for those groups that traditionally have occupied a low position within the Indian castesystem); these people are collectively called Kols or Doms. Scheduled Tribes (an official category embracing

indigenous peoples who fall outside the Indian social system), such as the Raji, who live near the border with Nepal, account for less than 5 percent of the population. Most of the people of Uttarakhand speak Indo-Aryan languages. Hindi is the official language of the state. Hindustani, which contains words from both Hindi and Urdu, is the principal spoken language. Other languages used in Uttarakhand include Garhwali and Kumauni (both Pahari languages), Punjabi, and Nepali. More than four-fifths of Uttarakhand’s residents are Hindu. Muslimsconstitute the largest religious minority, accounting for about one-tenth of the population. Smaller communities of Sikhs, Christians, Buddhists, and Jains make up most of the remainder of Uttarakhand’s people. Economy Agriculture and forestry Although roughly three-fifths of the working population of Uttarakhand is engaged in agriculture, less than one-fifth of the total area of Uttarakhand is cultivable. Steep slopes require careful terracing and irrigation, with water drained from the upper levels used to irrigate the lower ones. This method of terrace cultivationallows fields to be sown more than once per year. Wheat is the most widely cultivated crop, followed by rice and various types of millets, which are planted on the drier leeward slopes. Sugarcane is grown extensively in the gently rolling foothills of the southern region. Other important crops include pulses (legumes) such as peas and chickpeas, oilseeds such as soybeans, peanuts, and mustard seeds, and assorted fruits and vegetables. Many farmers of Uttarakhand practice animal husbandry. The largest concentration of cattle to support dairy farming is found in the southern foothills. Goats and sheep are more common in the mountainous areas, although some cattle are kept in every village. The search for flourishing grassland has resulted in a tradition of transhumance, whereby livestock are led to graze in the mountain pastures during the warmer months but are transferred to the lower elevations for the winter. Some communities in the Siwalik Range historically have specialized in such seasonal herding.

Services The government of Uttarakhand has invested heavily in the services sector, particularly in the development of the information-technology and tourism industries. In the first decade of the 21st

century, the sector already accounted for more than half of the state’s gross product. The tourism industry has shown significant growth, as the state’s snow-capped peaks, glaciers, lush green river valleys, waterfalls, lakes, flora and fauna, wildlife sanctuaries, and pilgrimage sites attract a large number of domestic and international visitors. Transportation Roads of various descriptions connect nearly all towns of Uttarakhand. Although the central and southern portions of the state are served by several national highways, the northern border zones are not connected by official roads at all; rather, an extensive network of mountain trails links the villages with nearby towns. Several railway tracks extend from the plains of Uttar Pradesh into the valleys of southern and eastern Uttarakhand. Major towns served by these railways include Dehra Dun, Haridwar, Rishikesh, Ramnagar, Kathgodam, and Tanakpur. Airports at Dehra Dun and Pantnagar offer domestic service. Cultural Life Pilgrimage centres Some of Hinduism’s holiest shrines and temples, which are also pilgrimage centres, are located in the mountains of Uttarakhand. The Yamnotri temple, in the western part of the Garhwal region, lies at an elevation of about 10,600 feet (3,200 metres). Its chief deity is Yamuna, the Hindu river goddess. The Yamuna River emerges from the Yamnotri glacier nearby. The shrine of Gangotri, in the northwestern part of the state, is situated in a cedar- and pine-wooded area at an elevation of nearly 10,000 feet (3,000 metres); submerged in a river at the site is the natural rock linga (phallic symbol of the god Shiva) where, according to mythology, Shiva sat when he received the goddess Ganga in his matted locks. At Kedarnath, somewhat to the southeast of Gangotri at an elevation approaching 12,000 feet (3,500 metres), is a stone temple to Shiva that is considered to be more than 1,000 years old; a large statue of the bull Nandi, one of Shiva’s chief attendants, stands outside the temple door. The Badrinath temple, located at an elevation of some 10,300 feet (3,100 metres) on the bank of Alaknanda River, is the abode of the god Vishnu; the temple’s idol of Vishnu, made of black granite, is said to have been installed by the 8thcentury philosopher Shankara. An important Sikh shrine and pilgrimage site is Hemkund Sahib. Perched at an elevation above 13,000 feet (4,000 metres) in north-central Uttarakhand, the shrine honours the 10th Guru of Sikh religion, Gobind Singh. It marks the place where the Guru spent years in meditation.

Festivals Most of Uttarakhand’s festivals are tied to the Hindu calendar. Among the most popular of these events is Dussehra, which celebrates the victory of the prince Rama over the demon king Ravana (as recounted in the Indian epic Ramayana); it is usually held in September or October. Diwali, which takes place in October or November, is a festival of lights dedicated to Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth. Also important is Shivaratri, a day—normally in February— that is devoted to the worship of Shiva. Holi, a spring celebration held in February or March, is perhaps the most colourful of the Hindu festivals. Most of the major Muslim holidays and observances follow the lunar calendar, meaning that the time of their celebration shifts from year to year. The holiday of Muḥarram commemorates the martyrdom of the hero al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī. Ramadan is a month devoted to fasting, the close of which is marked by the canonical festival of ʿĪd al-Fiṭr. ʿĪd al-Aḍḥā signals the completion of the hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) and is celebrated by Muslims worldwide. Within the Buddhist tradition, Buddha Purnima is a major festival commemorating the birth, enlightenment, and death of the Buddha; it usually takes place in April or May. Mahavira Jayanti, the principal Jain celebration, honours the birth of Mahavira, the great reformer of the Jain monastic community. The birthday of Guru Nanak, founder of Sikhism, is observed by the Sikh population. Christmas is the biggest religious holiday for Uttarakhand’s Christians. In addition to faith-based festivities, hundreds of smaller-scale fairs and festivals are held annually across the state; many of these are unique to particular villages. Recreation Uttarakhand is known for its spectacular natural environment. Among the favourite destinations of residents and visitors are the Valley of Flowers and Nanda Devi national parks (together designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1988) in the northern Kumaun Himalayas, Rajaji National Park in the western Siwaliks, and Corbett National Park in the Himalayan foothills. Many also enjoy visiting the state’s mountain lakes and glaciers, as well as its forested valleys and bugyals (lush mountain meadows). Mussoorie, Nainital, Ranikhet, Kausani, Almora, and Auli are popular mountain resorts, some of which offer fine slopes for skiing.

Nainital Nainital also known as Naini Tal, is a popular hill station in the Indian state of Uttarakhand and headquarters of Nainital districtin the Kumaon foothills of the outer Himalayas. Situated at an altitude of 2,084 metres (6,837 ft) above sea level, Nainital is set in a valley containing a mangoshaped lake, approximately two miles in circumference, and surrounded by mountains, of which the highest are Naina (2,615 m (8,579 ft)) on the north, Deopatha (2,438 m (7,999 ft)) on the west, and Ayarpatha (2,278 m (7,474 ft)) on the south. From the tops of the higher peaks, "magnificent views can be obtained of the vast plain to the south, or of the mass of tangled ridges lying north, bound by the great snowy range which forms the central axis of the Himalayas." Geography & Climate Nainital is located at 29.38°N 79.45°E. The slopes of the nearby mountains are most populated, with an elevation ranging from 1,940–2,100 m (6,360–6,890 ft). The highest point nearby is Naina Peak or China Peak, with an elevation of 2,619 m (8,593 ft). Nainital experiences subtropical highland climate (Cwb) according to Köppen–Geiger climate classification system as the city's climate is influenced by the elevation. The city is a bit dry during winter and very wet during summer due to South Asian monsoon system. The lowest precipitation total occurs in November with total 7.9 millimetres (0.31 in), while the highest precipitation total occurs in July with total 725 millimetres (28.5 in). Like most places in temperate region, Nainital has relative cool summer. The hottest month is July with temperature ranging from 16.4 °C (61.5 °F) to 23.5 °C (74.3 °F), while the coldest month is January with temperature ranging from 1.7 °C (35.1 °F) to 10.7 °C (51.3 °F). Nainital is said to be one the best shining diamonds of Himalayan Belt. This city has 3 major lakes that contribute to make it cool and calm throughout the year.

TOURIST ATTRACTION Of Nainital 

The main tourist attraction in Nainital is the Naini Lake. The other tourist attractions in Nainital are the Naina Peak, Snow View, High Altitude Zoo, Khurpatal, Kilbury, Hanuman Garh, Land's End and State Observatory.



Naini Lake:According to the Hindu mythology, the deep green Naini lake is one of the emerald green eyes of Parvati, Shiva's wife. It is said that the modern Naina Devi Temple at the northern end of the lake is the exact spot where her eye is said to have fallen, after Vishnu chopped up her body and scattered it all over the countryside to stop Shiva's cosmic dance of destruction. The kidney shaped naini lake with its clear water is the center of the town. The rowing and paddle boats for boating enthusiasts are available at the Naini lake.



Khurpatal: Khurpatal is situated about 10 kms. from Nainital on Nainital - Ramnagar road. The Khurpatal lake is a heaven for anglers, and is inhabited by a number of fishes.



Naina Peak: Naina Peak is the highest peak and the most popular picnic spot in Nainital. This peak is situated at a height of 2610 meters, about 5.5 kms. from Nainital. This peak offers a captivating view of the snow-clad Himalayan ranges and the bird's eye view of Nainital on a clear day. It is also one of the most beautiful treks with soft cool air, shades of tall trees, songs of birds and the quaint summerhouse. One can either trek or go on horse back.



Kilbury: Kilbury is situated at a height of 2528 meters and about 11 kms from the town. It an ideal place for bird watchers, nature lovers, quiet weekend holiday and picnic. Kilbury is part of a forest reserve and is rich in flora and bird life.



Hanuman Garh: Hanuman Garh is situated at a height of 1951 meters above and 3.22 kms. from Nainital. It is a place of religious interest, and also famous for spectacular view of the sunset.



Snow View: Snow View is a scenic spot and offers a panoramic view of the Himalayan ranges. The Snow View Peak, at a height of 2270 meters is a popular vantage point in Nainital, accessible by a ropeway, horse and on foot. Its like a thrill for kids and adults for the ropeway ride from Aerial Express to Snow View.



High Altitude Zoo: The High Altitude Zoo is perched at an altitude of 2075 meters and about 1.5 kms. away from the Bus Station. The zoo houses a variety of species of animals living at higher altitudes and birds. Some of the endangered species of animals are the Siberian tiger, serow, leopard and Himalayan black deer. It is very important for researchers and scientists.



Land's End: The Land's End is situated at a height of about 2218 meters and 4.08 kms. trek from Nainital. The name Land's End suggests and one also feels that the end of the land has really come. This hill offers a panoramic view of Khurpatal, terraced fields, neighboring hills and valley. It is accessible by horse also.



State Observatory: State Observatory is situated at a height of 1951 meters, and 4.4 kms. from Nainital. The State Observatory undertakes astronomical studies and optical

tracking of artificial earth satellites. Attraction Of Bhimtal 

Bhimtal: Bhimtal is situated about 22 kms. from Nainital and blessed with a pristine aura. Bhimtal is one of the largest lakes in Kumaon and gets its name from the mighty Bhima, one of the five Pandava brothers in Mahabharata. Bhimtal has emerged as a favourite tourist destination and facilities like boating, fishing, sailing, rowing, exploring the surrounding forests and apricot and peach orchards are available for the tourists. A restaurant at the centre of the lake offers panoramic views. There is the centre of the Kumaon Umang Mahila Samiti outlet on the Ranibagh Road for woollens and fantastic homemade pickle. There is also the privately owned Folk Culture Museum at Mehragaon on the Bhowali Road. This museum was curated by Dr. Yashodhar Matpal and has an interesting collection of rock art.



Naukuchiatal: The Naukuchiatal is the nine-cornered lake and the deepest lake in the area. Naukuchiatal is a quiet hideway filled with birdsong and peace. This misty blue lake is cradled by green mountains and fed by an underwater spring, which keeps its waters high. This lake has religious significance and situated about 4 kms. from Bhimtal and 26 kms. from Nainital. This lake also harbours the biggest mahaseer fish. On the occasion of Ganga Dussehra, various people gather here. It is believed that one attains Nirvana if he manages to see all its nine corners. A huge statue of Hanuman, within the Mata Vaishno Devi Temple, is right at the entrance to Naukuchiatal.



Sattal: The Sattal is a group of seven small inter-connected lakes, set against a backdrop of oak and pine trees beyond which tower the Himalayas in Nainital. The Sattal is situated at a distance of 23 kms. from Nainital and 12 kms. from Bhimtal. The Sattal lake is the most picturesque lake in the Kumaon region hills. This place is ideal for a secluded holiday, peaceful mountain scenery and quiet walks into the hills and resorts. It is surrounded by a cover of thick forests. The holiday in Sattal can be combined with a grand taste of wildlife and adventure. Trekking through the forests and mountains, mountain biking, rock climbing, rappelling, river crossing, swimming, boating, kayaking and fishing are the various adventurous activities which can be undertaken here.



Bhowali: Bhowali is situated at a height of 1706 meters on the Ranikhet - Almora road. Bhowali is situated about 11 kms. from Nainital. Bhowali is a small town known for its Himalayan views and its scenic grandeur. Bhowali is also a beautiful health resort. The T.B. Sanatorium, named after King Edward is situated here. This sanatorium has treated luminaries like Subhash Chandra Bose and Kamala Nehru, wife of Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru. Bhowali is a major export centre for fruits like Apples, Apricot, Plums, Pears and Peaches etc. Only 3 km from Bhowali is Ghorakhal, famous for the temple of Lord Golla, the God of Justice and Sainik School. A beautiful mosque with a hilly architecture is located nearby. Bhowali can be visited round the year.



Jeolikot: The tiny hilltop village of Jeolikot was founded by Sri Aurobindo and Swami Vivekananda. Jeolikot is known as a health centre. It is also famous for its butterflies, honey mushrooms and fruits, including strawberries and leechies, it produces. The hills encasing Jeolikot are sprinkled with shrines and colonial structures. A tiny bunglow, once the home of a direct descendant of Napoleon Bonaparte and the house of Warwick Sahib, a retired major of the British army are some of the famous colonial buildings in the Jeolikot.



Ramgarh: Ramgarh is situated at an altitude of 1789 meters on Bhowali - Mukteshwar road. Ramgarh is situated about 25 kms. from Nainital and 14 kms. from Bhowali. Ramnagar is situated on the banks of the Kosi river and was set up by Commissioner H. Ramsay (1856 - 1884). Ramgarh would have been known as a culture capital rather than a hotbed of horticulture, if Rabindranath Tagore had stuck to his original plan of setting up a centre of learning here. He was not only spell bounded by the orchards, forest hillsides, babbling brooks and views of snow-clad Himalayas. But, he also eventually gifted Shantiniketan to his home state, West Bengal. The famous poets Rabindranath Tagore and Mahadevi Verma have praised the serenity of this place and composed their poems Geetanjali and Sandhya Geet here. Ramgarh is known for a variety of Himalayan fruits and the spectacular views of the Himalayan ranges. It is also a horticultural heaven, the fruit bowl of Kumaon. Ramgarh also houses a fruit-processing factory run by the Government. In Ramnagar, one can visit the archaeological ruins of Dhikuli, the Garjia Devi temple and Sitabani. The Garjia temple is built on a huge rock in the midst of Kosi river and named after the deity Garjia Devi. The ruins of Kotabagh are situated about 10

kms. from Rangarh, which date back to the Chand rulers. Ramgarh can be visited round the year. 

Mukteshwar: Mukteshwar is situated at an altitude of 2286 meters on BhowaliDevidhura road. Mukteshwar is situated about 50 kms. from Nainital and 25 kms. from Ramnagar. Mukteshwar is a small hill station covered with a thick wooded forest and offers a majestic view of the Himalayas. There is a very old Shiva temple at Mukteshwar. It is believed that the six ascetics have been engrossed in prayer for over a thousand years at the temple and are doing so even now. During Shivratri, the temple is the hub of much revelry. Near Mukteshwar is Chauli Ki Jali, a magnificent rocky cliff jutting out of the hillside. Leaning over the slanting rocks on the edge of this cliff, you can look all the way down to the base of the mountain. On a moonlit night, the place offers a spectacular view of the sparkling town of Almora and the majestic peaks of Adi Nampa of Nepal stretching upto the Chaukhamba Peaks of Garhwal. It is also famous for the hundred year old Indian Veterinary Research Institute campus. This institution not only has a beautiful icy-covered colonial building but also boasts of gorgeous and extensive grounds. On the IVRI's request, the Corbett visited the region. The institute has also taken on the responsibility of conserving and caring for the forests in the Mukteshwar range.



Kaladhungi: Kaladhungi is a romantic hamlet, situated about 35 kms. from the Corbett National Park and 34 kms. from Nainital via Khurpatal. Kaladhungi has been an inseparable part of the endless tiger stories of Kumaon that focused around the legendary hunter Jim Corbett. Kaladhungi was the residence of the Jim Corbett and he spent most of his life here. Today, the house of Jim Corbett is a comprehensive museum and houses souvenirs, relics and mementos related to Jim Corbett and his famous exploits. The Corbett Fall is situated close to Kaladhungi. The Corbett Fall is a beautiful waterfall with a drop of 20 mts. in the midst of sub-tropical forest. This forest is very well maintained and extremely rich in birds and plants life. Some other added attractions for the visitors are the "Nature Walk" museum and the adventurous camping sites.



Pangot: Pangot is situated about 15 kms. from Nainital. Pangot is an island of tranquility, where you can either lie soaking in the sun or do some vigorous walking in the dense oak forests. Pangot is a great place for bird watchers and trekkers. Pangot is excellent for long

walks through the thick oak, pine, bamboo, cedar and rhododendron forests. The walk from the Kilbury Forest Rest House to Pangot is very popular.

HOW TO REACH 

By Air:The nearest airport is located at Pantnagar. Pantnagar airport is located about 71 km away and connected by air from Delhi.



By Rail: The nearest railway station is located at Kathgodam, about 35 kms. and connected to Lucknow, Agra, Delhi and Kolkata.



By Road: Nainital is well connected to Almora, Badrinath, Bareilly, Dehradun, Delhi, Haridwar, Kausani and the different parts of the country.



Mussoorie (Garhwali/Hindi: Masūrī)

is

a hill

station and

a municipal

board in

the Dehradun District of the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand. It is about 35 kilometres (22 mi) from the state capital of Dehradun and 290 km (180 mi) north of the national

capital

of New

Delhi.

The

hill

station

is

in

the

foothills

of

the Garhwal Himalayan range. The adjoining town of Landour, which includes a military cantonment, is considered part of 'greater Mussoorie', as are the townships of Barlowganj and Jharipani. The pin code for Mussoorie is 248179.[1] 

Mussoorie is at an average altitude of 1,880 metres (6,170 ft). To the northeast are the Himalayan snow ranges, and to the south, the Doon Valleyand Shiwalik ranges. The second highest point is the original Lal Tibba in Landour, with a height of over 2,275 metres (7,464 ft). Mussoorie is popularly known as The Queen of the Hills.

History Mussoorie was founded by Lt. Frederick Young of East India Company. Lt. Young came to these hills for the purpose of shooting game.[ He was so enamoured by the beauty that he decided to build a hunting lodge (shooting box) on the Camel's Back Road with FJ Shore, Jt. Magistrate of Doon in 1823. He raised the first Gurkha Regiment and planted the first potatoes in the valley. His tenure in Mussoorie ended in 1844 and he further served in Dimapur and Darjeeling and retired as a General and went back to Ireland. There are no memorials to commemorate Young in Mussoorie. However, there is a Young Road in Dehradoon on which ONGC's Tel Bhawan stands. In 1832 Mussoorie was the intended terminus of the Great Trigonometric Survey of India that began at the southern tip of India. Although unsuccessful, the Surveyor General of India at the

time, George Everest wanted to have the new office of the Survey of India based in Mussoorie. A compromise was to have it in Dehradun, where it still is. In 1850 the first beer brewery in India was built in Mussoorie.[4] By 1894 there were 22 breweries in India producing 6 million gallons a year. By 1901 Mussoorie's population had grown to 6,461, rising to 15,000 in the summer. Earlier, Mussoorie was approachable by road from Saharanpur, 58 miles (93 km) away. Accessibility became easier in 1900 with the railway coming to Dehradun, thus shortening the road trip to 21 miles (34 km).

Mussoorie view from the top of the hill (can be viewed while traveling on the way towards down of the hill)

Another view from top of a Hill The name Mussoorie is often attributed to a derivation of 'mansoor', a shrub which is indigenous to the area. The town is often referred to as 'Mansoori' by most Indians. The main promenade in Mussoorie is called, as in other hill stations, the Mall. In Mussoorie, the Mall stretches from Picture Palace at its eastern end to the Public Library at its western end. The Nehru family, including Nehru's daughter Indira (later Indira Gandhi) were frequent visitors to Mussoorie in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s, and stayed at the Savoy Hotel . They also spent much time in nearby Dehradun, where Nehru's sister Vijayalakshmi Pandit ultimately settled full-time.

During the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion, the Central Tibetan Administration of the 14th Dalai Lama was at first established in Mussoorie before being moved to its present location in Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh. The first Tibetan school was established in Mussoorie in 1960. Tibetans settled mainly in Happy Valley. Today, some 5,000 Tibetans live in Mussoorie. Mussoorie today has an increased development of hotels and tourist lodges, given its relative proximity to Delhi, Ambala, and Chandigarh, and has serious problems of garbage collection, water scarcity and parking shortages, especially during the summer tourist season. Landour, Jharipani and Barlowganj have fewer such problems. Geography and Climate Mussoorie has an average elevation of about 1,300 metres or 4,270 feet. The highest point is 'Lal Tibba', at a height of about 5,000 feet or 1,520 metres, although the name Lal Tibba is now also used to describe a lookout point, a short distance from the peak. Mussoorie has a fairly typical subtropical highland climate (Köppen Cwb) for the mid-altitude Himalaya. Summers are warm and very wet, with July and August averaging approximately 660 millimetres or 25.98 inches of rain per month due to orographic lift of the extremely moist monsoonal air. The pre-monsoon seasons in April and May is warm to very warm and generally dry and clear, giving way to heavy rainfall from mid-June, while the post-monsoon season is also dry and clear but substantially cooler. In winter, rainfall is a little more frequent than in the preand post-monsoon seasons, and the general weather cool and partly cloudy. Mussoorie usually receives a few spells of snowfall in December, January and February, although the number of snowy days has come down in recent years due to a combination of local and global factors, such as deforestation, construction activity and global warming. Attraction Tourism is the most significant segment of Mussoorie's economy. It has a nature walk known as "Camel's Back Road". This road takes its name from a rocky outcrop in the shape of a camel's hump. The road contains hotels and motels, and a cemetery is about mid-way on the loop. There is "Gun Hill" where a cannon was used to sound out midday for many years. Gun Hill is accessible by the cable car on the Mall road. The oldest Christian church in the Himalayas, St Mary's, is above Mall Road and is undergoing restoration. Company Garden a tourist attraction, has a large collection of flowers and plants.

At Happy Valley is a small Tibetan temple, constructed in 1960 by the Tibetan refugees, the first Tibetan temple to be built in India. Lal Tibba is another Mussoorie tourist attraction with views of the Himalayas, and is situated above Mussoorie in the cantonment area of Landour. Nahata Estate Previously known as "Childer's Lodge", Nahata Estate is a property of more than 300 acres (120 ha), owned by the Harakh Chand Nahata family. It is the highest peak of Mussoorie near Lal Tibba with mountain views, 5 km (3 mi) from the Tourist Office. Gun Hill

A honeymooning couple on Gunhill in Mussourie Gun Hill is the second highest point of Mussoorie, at an altitude of 2,024 m (6,640 ft) located at 30.4953°N 78.0745°E Kempty Falls The Kempty Falls are on the hilly tracks of Uttarakhand, India, 15 km (9.3 mi) from Mussoorie along Kempty Fall Road. This place is nearly 1,364 m (4,475 ft) above sea level at 78°-02’ East longitude and 30° -29’ North latitude. The curious name of this waterfall is derived from the words ‘camp-tea’, which was popularised by British tea parties here during the colonial era. The falls are also a popular swimming and fishing destination in Mussoorie. Lake Mist About 5 km (3 mi) before Kempty Falls on the Mussoorie-Kempty road is Lake Mist, through which flows the Kempty river with its numerous small waterfalls. The resort of Lake Mist provides accommodation, restaurant facilities and boating. Municipal Garden The Municipal Garden provides an artificial mini-lake with paddle boats. It is 4 km (2.5 mi) by road transport and 2 km (1 mi) via Waverly Convent School road on foot.

Mussoorie Lake The newly developed Mussoorie Lake was built by City Board and Mussoorie Dehradun Development Authority. The lake, providing pedal boats and views of Doon Valley and nearby villages, is 6 km (3.5 mi) from Mussoorie on the Mussoorie-Dehradun road. Bhatta Falls Bhatta Falls are 7 km (4.5 mi) from Mussoorie on the Mussoorie-Dehradun Road near the village of Bhatta. The falls are 3 km (2 mi) by foot from Bhatta. Jharipani Fall Jharipani Fall is 8.5 km (5.5 mi) from Mussoorie on Mussoorie-Jharipani road. From Jharipani fall is approximately 1.5 km (1 mi) by foot. Mossy Fall Mossy Fall is surrounded by a dense forest and is 7 km (4.5 mi) from Mussoorie, and is accessed via Barlowganj or Balahisar. Sir George Everest's House At Park Estate are the remains of the building and laboratory of Sir George Everest, the Surveyor-General of India from 1830 to 1843. It is after George Everest that the world's highest peak Mt. Everest is named. It is 6 km (3.5 mi) from Gandhi Chowk and a scenic walk from Library Bazaar, although accessible by road transport to at least Haathi Paon. The place provides a view of Doon Valley on one side and a panoramic view of the Aglar River valley and the peaks of the Himalayan ranges on the other. It is a scenic walk from Library Bazaar. Happy Valley

Happy Valley, Mussoorie

At Upbeat Valley is the IAS Academy, Tibetan sanctuaries and the Municipal Garden. The range of the valley lies on the western side of Library Point and prompts] the Cloud's End, a place where land fringes of Mussoorie end. Nag Devta Temple The ancient Nag Devta Temple is dedicated to Snake God Lord Shiva, It is on Cart Mackenzie Road about 6 km (3.5 mi) from Mussoorie on the road to Dehradun. There is vehicular access to the temple, which provides a view of Mussoorie and the Doon Valley.

Jwalaji Temple (Benog Hill) At an altitude of 2,240 m (7,350 ft), this temple is in the 9 km (5.5 mi) west of Mussoorie. It is at the top of Benog Tibba (Hill) and contains an old idol of Goddess Durga. There is a view of the Aglar River valley. The temple cannot be accessed by vehicle although a motor road goes most of the way from Mussoorie. Cloud End Cloud End is surrounded by thick deodar forest. The bungalow, built in 1838 by a British major, was one of the first four buildings in Mussoorie and has been converted to a hotel. Van Chetna Kendra Van Chetna Kendra is 11 km (7 mi) to the south of Library Point, and is a sanctuary established in 1993, and covers an area of 339 hectares (840 acres). It is significant for the extinct bird species Mountain Quail (Pahari Bater), which was last spotted in 1876. Benog Wildlife Sanctuary This one is about 11 kilometers from Library Point but still interesting for those who like bird watching and the wildlife. Old-cedar trees and many medicinal plants growing in abundance along with pine trees will give a lot of happiness to a nature lover's heart. Plus there are chances of spotting The White Capped Water Redstart and the Red Billed Blue Magpie, or a panther, leopard, deer, bear and Himalayan goats f you are very lucky. Mall Road The Mall is a renowned shopping district situated in the heart of Mussoorie. It is dotted with shops, cafes and a host of colonial remnants that point to Mussoorie's past glories. There are several video game parlours and skating rinks here for travellers to revel in entertainment activities. The Mall also has a Methodist church and the Tibetan market place nearby makes for a diverse cultural mix.

Bhimtal Bhimtal is

a

town

and

a nagar

panchayat in Nainital

district in

the

state

of Uttarakhand, India, situated at an altitude of 1370 meters above sea leveland is about 22 kilometers from Nainital. The major attraction in Bhimtal is the Bhimtal Lake, which has an island at its centre. Besides tourism, Bhimtal has also now become a mini district headquarters since most of the district administration offices have been shifted to the newly constructed Vikas Bhawan, the building complex for district administrative offices.

Climate And Weather The climate of Bhimtal is pleasant and salubrious during summers but very cold during winters. Summer temperatures range from 15 °C to 29 °C, while winter temperatures range from 4 °C to 18 °C. History Bhimtal is an ancient place named after Bhima of Mahabharata. Bhimeshwara Mahadev Temple, an old Shiva temple in the bank of Bhimtal lake, is believed to have been built when Bhima visited the place during the banishment (vanvas) period of Pandavas. The present temple was built in the 17th century, by Baz Bahadur (1638–78 AD), a King of the Chand dynasty, and the Raja of Kumaon. Bhimtal came under British rule after the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–16). Bhimtal is older than nearby Nainital as the city of Nainital is just 150–160 years old. But Bhimtal has been a stoppage for the travellers of the region from hills to plains or vice versa for a long time. The old pedesterial road is still in use here and this road connects nearby Kathgodam to all Kumaun region and even to Nepal and Tibet. It might have been the part of the famous ancient silk route.

Attraction in Bhimtal Here the list of Attractions in Bhimtal. 

Bhimtal Lake



Bhimtal Lake Aquarium



Bhimeshwar Mahadev Temple



Victoria Dam



Hidimba Parvat



Vankhandi Ashram



Nal Damyanti Tal



Sayad Baba Ki Mazar

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Lok Sanskriti Sangralaya

Haridwar also spelled Hardwar, is an ancient city and municipality in the Haridwar district of Uttarakhand, India. According to popular Hindu legend, it was here that Goddess Ganga when Lord Shiva released the mighty river from the locks of his hair. The River Ganga, after flowing for 253 kilometres (157 mi) from its source at Gaumukh at the edge of the Gangotri Glacier, enters the Gangetic Plain for the first time at Haridwar, which gave the city its ancient name, Gangadwára. Haridwar or Hardwar is regarded as one of the seven holiest places (Sapta Puri) to Hindus. According to the Samudra manthan, Haridwar along with Ujjain, Nashik and Prayagraj (Allahabad) is one of four sites where drops of Amrit, the elixir of immortality, accidentally spilled over from the pitcher while being carried by the celestial bird Garuda. This is manifested in the Kumbha Mela, which is celebrated every 12 years in Haridwar. During the Haridwar Kumbh Mela, millions of pilgrims, devotees, and tourists congregate in Haridwar to perform ritualistic bathing on the banks of the river Ganges to wash away their sins to attain Moksha. Brahma Kund, the spot where the Amrit fell, is located at Har ki Pauri (literally, "footsteps of the Lord") and is considered to be the most sacred ghat of Haridwar.[4] It is also the primary center of the Kanwar pilgrimage, in which millions of participants gather sacred water from the Ganga and carry it across hundreds of miles to dispense as offerings in Śiva shrines.[5]

Haridwar is the headquarters and the largest city of the district. Today, the city is developing beyond its religious importance, with the fast developing industrial estate of State Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand(SIDCUL), and the close by township of Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited as well as its affiliated ancillaries. Haridwar presents a kaleidoscope of Indian culture and development. In the sacred writings it has been differently specified as Kapilsthan, Gangadwar and Mayapuri. It is additionally a passage indicate the Char Dham (the four principle focuses of journey in Uttarakhand viz, Badrinath, Kedarnath, Gangotri, and Yamunotri), subsequently, Shaivaites (adherents of Lord Shiva) and Vaishnavites (devotees of Lord Vishnu) call this place Hardwar and Haridwar individually, relating to Har being Shiv and Hari being Vishnu.

ATTRACTION OF HARIDWAR Ganga Aarti Ganga Aarti must be the holiest sights you can catch in Haridwar. Hundreds and thousands of devotees participate in the religious affair where a number of priests indulge in the prayers. Apart from devotees, a number of photographers from all over the world become a part of the aarti to capture its essence in their cameras. Held on the bank of the river Ganges every day, Ganga Aaarti is also a great opportunity for culture vultures to gets insights into the rich culture of India and to realise the great reverence of the river. If you are planning a visit to Haridwar to immerse into the spiritual aura of this sacred land, spending an hour to witness Ganga Aaarti is one of the must try experiences.

NEEL DHARA PAKSHI VIHAR Haridwar is a delight not only for those who wish to take a dive into a world of spirituality but also for nature lovers with options like neel dhara pakshi vihar available. It is a bird watching spot that enjoys fame among locals and travellers alike. The area teems with exotic species of flora and fauna, and is majorly known for the extensive range of bird species that can be spotted here. Including siberian crane. Pawan Dham Haridwar has a long list of temples that are visited by thousands of devotees every day, but Pawan Dham is one of those Hindu temples that enjoy great fame even among tourists. The temple is also referred to as “Glass Temple” and this name is attributed to the idols of gods and goddesses with unique mirror and glass work. These idols and the interiors of the temple are sure to impress you. The peaceful atmosphere of the temple makes it an ideal place for you to visit if the purpose of your visit to Haridwar is relaxation. Summing up, Pawan Dham definitely deserves to be on the list of the best places to visit in Haridwar. Rajaji National Park For spending a day full of jungle thrill, this is another great option for wildlife lovers. You can indulge in the activity of jungle safari to explore the deep areas of the forest and witness the uninterrupted wilderness in its purest form. With a number of species of wild animals and birds calling the park their home, you will get ample opportunities to watch Click these creatures in their natural habitat that sprawls over an area of 820 sq. km. Some of the prominent fauna species are tiger, panther, elephant, bear, and barking deer. Besides, almost 400 bird species also live here, making the park a paradise for bird watchers.

About Jim Corbett National Park Jim Corbett National Park, which is a part of the larger Corbett Tiger Reserve, a Project Tiger Reserve lies in the Nainital district of Uttarakhand. The magical landscape of Corbett is well known and fabled for its tiger richness. Established in the year 1936 as Hailey National Park, Corbett has the glory of being India's oldest and most prestigious National Park. It is also being honored as the place where Project Tiger was first launched in 1973. This unique tiger territory is best known as the father who gave birth of the Project Tiger in India to protect the most endangered species and the Royal of India called Tigers. Spans over an extent of 520 square kilometers, its whole area comprises of hills, marshy depressions, riverine belts, grasslands and large lake. It is among the few tiger reserves in India that allows overnight stays in the lap of the National Park. Nature watch and wildlife viewing in the park is done in an open four wheeler Jeep and on elephant back. Sheltering a healthy population of tigers and rare species like Otters and the endemic fish eating crocodile, the national park is one of the most sought after destinations for the wildlife buffs. Dhikala, situated at the border of the extensive Patil Dun valley, is the most popular destination in Corbett because of its superb location and sheer abundance of wildlife present.

EXPERIENCE

Work experience during your Project-

I would like to pay my gratitude to my mentor for giving me guidance and support. I would also want to thank Mr.Amit Dhanda for appointing me as a trainee in his Royal Collection Hotels and Resorts Pvt. Ltd. Delhi.

It was a great experience for me to work in India’s most famous travel company. I came to know about the corporate world. I learnt how to tackle the different situations. There are different types of customers having different kind of demands and I experienced that the operation person in travel industry should be able to mould herself according to the customer’s demands i.e. if they are quality oriented or budget oriented the operation person has to make herself according to the demands. I came to know that if anyone is working in a travel industry he/she must have a calm nature.

It is very important to learn the work of the company but first you have to be a true presenter, pleasant personality and good human being.

Regarding my work experience it was the most memorable and learning for me. Working in Royal Collection Hotels & Resort made me confident about my work. I learnt about the telephonic conversation, Hotel Booking, MACTA Entry, Voucher, Conformation Voucher for the Agent, Update Confirmations Seat For Hotel & Agents, Quotation for the Agents, Tour Packages, requirement taking and keeping them in record and last but not the least I learnt how to make myself capable of handling various situations.

CONCLUSION -

Training is a necessary part of every human being whether she is an employee or a student. It plays a vital role in the life of every human-being. Training gives us knowledge and ability gives us knowledge and ability for doing some new in our life. The most important impact of training is that it saves the time and enhances the confidence of a woman. This job training gave me more experience and ability to do worth in the tourism industry.

Suggestion As I work there as a trainee and I know them very well during my winter training period. There staff members’ behavior was very good towards me.That why I completed my winter training around good environment and lots of thing. I came to know about the corporate world. I learnt how to tackle the different situations.

But the only few thing that I suggest them and that is coordination between staff members. They should be coordinated with each staff member whether they manager, employee and trainee.

It was a great experience for me to work in India’s most famous travel company.

TOUR TO MUSSOORIE Duration:06 Nights / 07 Days

DESTINATION COVERED: Pickup from Delhi - 2N Mussoorie - 2N Corbett - 2N Nanital Drop to Delhi

OVERVIEW We bring you some of the best deals on Uttarakhand tour packages for your holidays. Select the one which interests you the most and make online booking of the same. This package of 6 night and 7 days includes Mussoorie, Corbett National Park , Ranikhet and Nainital are some of the most famous tourist destinations of the state. Book this Exclusive Holiday package of Uttarakhand trip.

Itinerary Day 01: Mussoorie Upon arrival proceed to Mussoories, later transfer to hotel, reach and check-in at the hotel. Later walk around the Camel’s Back road for its calm and refreshing surroundings. While walking on the Camel’s Back road enjoy the stunning Himalayan panorama. Overnight stay at the Hotel/Resort.

Day 02: Mussoorie In the morning after breakfast, move out to explore the vast stretch of Happy Valley road. By the afternoon pay a visit to Gun Hill, Lake Mist, Kempty Falls and the Mussoorie Christ Church. Pay a visit to the Tibetan Refugee Camp. Overnight stay at the Hotel/Resort.

Day 03: Mussorie - Corbett National Park Enjoy the breakfast, later proceed for your onward journey to Corbett National Park, one of the oldest national parks in India, Corbett National Park is extremely popular among wildlife lovers and adventure enthusiasts. This park is best known for housing a wide variety of flora and fauna. On reaching Corbett National Park, check-in at the lodge/wildlife resort. Explore the rest of the day at your own leisure. Overnight stay at the hotels/resort.

Day 04: Corbett National Park After early morning tea/coffee with cookies drive to the gate of Corbett for an early morning jeep safari through Jim Corbett Tiger Reserve-Jim Corbett Corbett National Park (66 Km) famous for Tiger, Leopard, Elephant, Spotted Dear, Porcupine, etc. After the Lunch, leave for Jungle Jeep safari (subject to an availability) right inside the Heart of Reserve Forest Core Zones and have a view of flora and fauna and if You are Lucky, then the great Tiger OR Do River rafting in Kosi. Night stay at the Resort.

Day 05: Corbet - Nainital Enjoy the breakfast later proceed for the local sightseeing tour of Nainital. Later enjoy the tour to Nainital by Visiting the popular attractions of Nainital like Naina Peak, Nainadevi Temple, Naini Lake, Snow View, and the State observatory. Evening is free for a stroll around the market of Nainital. Overnight stay at the hotels/resort.

Day 05: Nainital - Ranikhet - Nainital After enjoying the breakfast at the hotel, proceed to Ranikhet. Ranikhet is a beautiful hill station which is all around surrounded by thick green forests and meadows. Ranikhet Near Nainital promises with some eye feasting view. Overnight stay at the hotels/resort.

Day 06: Nainital - Delhi Enjoy the breakfast, later pack your baggages with a promise to return once again to this part of the world. Later proceed on time to Delhi Airport/Railway station to board your flight/train with sweet memories of your holiday. We await for your next visit, Bon Voyage. Service ends

Itinerary

Day 01: Delhi – Shimla As you soon as you arrive in Delhi, a representative from NAIN VACATIONS will greet you with warm welcome. Then you would be transferred directly to Shimla by car. On arrival in Shimla, the capital city of Himachal Pradesh, check in at the pre-booked hotel. Dinner and overnight stay will be at the hotel.

Day 02: Shimla & Kufri Have breakfast and then embark on sightseeing tour of Shimla. Shimla, lovingly called the Queen of Hill Stations, is a popular honeymoon destination in India. Mall Road, Ridge, Jakhu Hill & Temple, Rashtrapati Niwas (Viceregal Lodge), Christ Church, Sankat Mochan Temple, etc. Make excursion to Kufri. Kufri is a wonderful place where you can find truly romantic ambiance for your honeymoon holiday. Here you can see spectacular views of snow-clad mountains in the backdrop. You can spend quality time with your partner enjoying bountiful nature beauty. On time get back to the hotel in Shimla for dinner and overnight stay.

Day 03: Shimla – Manali Take breakfast at the hotel and then make a drive for approx. 8 hours to reach Manali, one of the most popular and beautiful hill stations of India. Check in at the hotel on arrival. Freshen up and relax. Have dinner and stay overnight.

Day 04: Manali Take breakfast at the hotel and then embark on full day sightseeing tour of Manali with your partner. Manali has lots to offer its visitors. Major attractions include Hidimba Devi Temple, Manu Temple, Jagatsukh Temple, Vashisth Hot Water Springs & Temple, Buddhist Monasteries, Tibetan Markets, etc. Get back to the hotel on time for dinner and overnight stay.

Day 05: Manali (Solang Valley and Rohtang Pass) Take breakfast at the hotel. Then proceed to visit the famous Solang Valley. Enjoy horse riding here to explore scenic locations and picturesque landscapes. You can also enjoy paragliding and parachuting here. Later proceed to visit the very famous Rohtang Pass, also called the Snow Point. From here you can see wonderful views of snow clad Himalayan mountain peaks and glaciers. On time get back to the hotel in Manali for dinner and overnight stay.

Day 06: Manali – Chandigarh Check out from the hotel in Manali after having breakfast, and then drive to Chandigarh. Check in at the hotel upon arrival. Later proceed for Chandigarh sightseeing covering Rock Garden, Rose Garden, Pinjore Garden, Open Hand Monument, Sukhna Lake, Gandhi Bhawan, and many more. Get back to the hotel for dinner and overnight stay.

Day 07: Chandigarh – Delhi Check out from the hotel in Chandigarh after having breakfast. Drive back to Delhi. And get full assistance by NAIN VACATIONS representative for your onward journey. You will be transferred to Delhi Airport or Railway station on time. Shimla Manali honeymoon tour ends.