Shakespearean Poetry.pptx

GROUP MEMBERS 1. 2. 3. 4.

5.

HAFSA ABDUL RAZZAQUE RABIA IRFAN SAMRA NAZIR SANA IMTIAZ MUHAMMAD CHAN ZAIB

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Introduction

Conti…  Golden

age of the English Literature

 Heavily

influenced by Italian renaissance

 Introduced new  Tragic  The

genre in English theatre

comedy became very popular

era is also called the era of sonnets

Conti…  Works

of writer as Shakespeare, Wyatt and Thomas Campion became very popular

 Shakespeare introduced his

own style now known as Shakespearean or English sonnets

 Drama

under Elizabethan’s region, became a unifying influence

Conti…  Some

most famous writers of this period

 Christopher Marlowe,

sir Philip Sidney, Edmund Spenser, Thomas Mare, Bacon, William Shakespeare, and Ben Johnson

 Shakespeare and

Marlowe were reputable playwrights of this age

Major writers  William

Shakespeare  Christopher Marlowe  Ben Johnson  Sir Thomas Wyatt  Earl Of Surrey_ Henry Howard  Edmund Spenser  John Lyly  Francis Bacon

Shakespearean Drama 

Most memorable achievement in English Drama



Educated classes touch much more highly

Two periods 



First Period

Nicholas Udall’s (Ralph Roister Doister)



John Still’s (Grummar Gurton’s Needle)



Thomas Sackville’s (Gorbuduc)

Second Group was dominated by “University Wits”

University Wits



The University Wits is a phrase used to name a group of late 16th-century English playwrights and pamphleteers who were educated at the universities (Oxford or Cambridge) and who became popular secular writers; Which include



Marlowe (Central Sun)

Minor Stars are: 

Lyly



Greene



Peele



Lodge



Nash

Major Playwrights

•

William Shakespeare • Christopher Marlowe • Ben Johnson

William Shakespeare 

An English poet, actor and the world’s greatest dramatist.



Born in 26th April 1564 and died in 23rd April 1616



Wrote 154 ‘Sonnets’ out of which18 are famous.



Wrote at least 37 plays



Over 150 short and long poems.



Also known as ‘The Bard', is responsible for some of the best plays and poetry written in the English language.

Conti… 

Shakespeare did not attend University, thus he has received far more attention in popular culture as a Writer.



Shakespeare wrote in Blank Verse_ almost all plays.



Shakespeare was very fond of using Supernatural elements in his plays.

Conti… Shakespeare is often called England’s national poet and the “Bard of Avon”, and considered by many to be greatest dramatist of all time.  Shakespeare’s character have an emotional reality, and his plays depict familiar experiences, ranging from family squabbles to falling in love to war.  “A fool thinks himself to be wise, but a wise man knows himself to be a fool.” 

Works 

Work of Shakespeare can be divided inti four periods 1. Period of Experimentation  Love’s Labour’s Lost  Two Gentlemen of Verona  Richard III 2. Development Period  The Merchant of Venice  Midsummer Night’s Dream  As You Like It  Henry IV

Conti… 3.

Period of Gloom and Depression



Hamlet



Lear



Macbeth



Othello



Julius Caesar

4.

Period of restored serenity



The Winter’s Tale



The Tempest



Henry VIII



Cymbeline

Impact of Shakespeare On English 

Expanded the vocabulary of English language



Invented nearly 1700 hundred new words that we use today by adding suffixes and prefixes, by changing nouns into pronouns



Estimated to have used a mighty impressive 1500 different words in his plays



Also coined new phrases and sayings which have never been used before. Some of these are as:

Conti… 

Heart of Gold ( Henry V)



In a pickle ( The Tempest)



Pure as the driven snow ( Hamlet)



Shakespeare is considered to have been greatest wordsmith of English language



These contribution helped him to be a very influential literary figure in English Language

Christopher Marlowe 

One of the most suggestive figures of the English Renaissance



Greatest of Shakespeare’s Predecessors



Born in Canterbury Only few months before Shakespeare



Educated at Cambridge



First Play in 1587



Marlowe greatly influenced William Shakespeare



Basically tragedy playwright

Major Works  Marlowe’s

contribution to English tragedy is very vital and manifold.  His Major Works are as Follow.  Tamburlaine (The story of Timur and Tartar)  Doctor Faustus (Story of a Scholar who longs for infinite knowledge)  Jew of Malta (Centers about Barbas, a terrible old money lender)  Edward ll. ( a tragedy study of a king’s weakness and misery)

Characteristics  Great

Contribution to the Elizabethan drama.

 Raised

Subject matter of drama to the higher

level  More

poetic style Characters

 Introduced heroes

who were men of great strength and vitality

Conti…  Life

and reality to the Characters

 By

using Blank verse he made work of Shakespeare more easy

 Gave

unity and Coherence to the drama

 Poetic

glow to drama

 Father

of English Dramatic Poetry

Ben Johnson 

A prominent Dramatist of his times



Contemporary but opposite of Shakespeare



A classicist, a moralist, and a reformer of drama



Basically known as a Comedy Playwright



He was classically educational well read and cultured man of English language.



Ben Johnson broke the romantic tendency of Elizabethan drama.

Major Comedies Outstanding Comedies are as Follow  Volpone ( A satirical study of avarice on heroic scale)  The Silent Woman ( Comedy of manners)  The Alchemist (Most perfect realistic Elizabethan Comedy)  Bartholomew Fair (A true picture of Elizabethan low life)  Every Man in His Humour  Every Man Out Of Hs Humour

Tragedies  Also

wrote two comedies on classical model that proved to be unsuccessful

 Sejanus  Cataline

Characteristics

 Best

known for his Comedies

 Profound Classical

Scholar wanted to reform the Elizabethan drama

 Limited

his art in the bounds of reason and common sense

 Intellectual and

satirical writer

Conti…  Created

a new way of Comedy having its own method, scope and purpose

 Broke

from Romantic Tendency of Elizabethan drama

 Drew

his principles from ancients

Other Major Figures  Thomas

Kyd ( The Spanish Tragedy)

 Thomas

Sackville (Gorboduc)

 Thomas

Norton ( Gorboduc)

 John

Ford (Tis pity She’s a Whore)

 Thomas

Middleton (Include comedy and tragedy plays)

Major Writers of Elizabethan prose:

Francis

bacon John Lyly

John Lyly  Born

1553 Canterbury, united kingdom  Died

November 27, London, united kingdom  Occupation Prosewriter and playwrights

Major Works  Euphues

and his England

 Gallagathea  The

anatomy of wit

 Endimion

Shakespearean Age Poetry

Introduction •

Great Age of Poetry

•

Writing poetry was part of Education

•

Written many books of poetry

•

Began in 1579

•

Also Contributed by Sir Tomas Wyatt And Earl of Surrey (Tottle’s Miscellany)

Characteristics of Shakespearean Poetry Poetry

forms Poetry themes Poetry Style

Poetry form 

Sonnet form was dominant (Shakespeare also preferred this style in his poetry)



Shakespearean Sonnet



Petrarchan Sonnet



Spensarian Sonnet



Lyric, Descriptive and Derivative poetry



Shakespearean Stanza

Poetry Themes 

Courtly love,  Mutability of life  Religion and piety  Rebirth and regeneration  Rear of death  Infliction and spiritual purification.  Immortality  Platonic love  Nationalism  Reformation

Poetry Style 

Poetry styles dominated Elizabethan age may include:



Parody Style



Blank verse Style



Dramatic poetry Style



Pastoral poetry Style



during

the

Sonnet style_ ababbcdcdefefgg; Elizabethan scheme

Major Poets

     

Thomas Wyatt- Whoso List to Hunt Henry Howard- Description of Spring Edmund Spenser- To His Love Sir Philip Sidney- A Litany Sir Walter Raleigh- Answer to Marlowe William Shakespeare- Sonnet 18& Sonnet 65

Sir Thomas Wyatt (1503 – 11 October 1542)

Brief biography  

Born in Kent, England, An ambassador to France and Italy for King Henry VIII.

 Wyatt’s

travels abroad exposed him to different forms of poetry, which he adapted for the English language — most notably, the sonnet.

 Rumored to

be Anne Boleyn’s lover, Source: poetryfoundation.org

Conti… 

imprisoned for a month in the Tower of London until Boleyn’s execution for adultery.  Many consider his poem “Whoso List to Hunt” to be about Boleyn.  Credited for introducing the Italian form of sonnet to English.  His poetry was widely circulated during his life,  The first time to appear in print was after his death in print  In 1557, ninety-six of his songs appeared in Songs and Sonnetts (Tottel’s Miscellany).

Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey     

Tudor poet Henry Howard, the Earl of Surrey, was born in Hunsdon, Hertfordshire, England. He was the son of the third Duke of Norfolk. Associated with the royal court, Grew up at Windsor,

A childhood companion to the Duke of Richmond, son of Henry VIII.

Conti… 

Surrey was also a first cousin to Anne Boleyn.



In 1532, he traveled to France with Henry VIII and stayed at the French court for almost a year.



Made Knight of the Garter in 1541 and served as a soldier in France.



After Anne Boleyn’s execution, Surrey and his father ran afoul of the new English court on several occasions.



Imprisoned in the Tower of London and executed in 1547.

Conti… Surrey’s poetry is often associated with that of Thomas Wyatt, whose work was published alongside Surrey’s in Tottel’s Miscellany (1557).  A major poet of the 16th century, Surrey is credited with developing the Shakespearean form of the sonnet.  He wrote love poems and elegies and translated Books 2 and 4 of Virgil’s Aeneid as well as Psalms and Ecclesiastes from the Bible.  He also introduced blank verse to English—a form that he used in his translations of Virgil. 

Edmund Spenser 1552–1599 • Edmund Spenser was an English poet best known for “The Faerie Queen”, an epic poem and fantastical allegory celebrating the Tudor dynasty and Elizabeth. • He is recognized as one of the premier craftsmen of Modern English verse in its infancy, and one of the greatest poets in English language.

Conti… Spenser used a distinctive verse form, called Spenserian stanza, in several works, including “The Faerie Queen”. The stanza’s main meter is iambic pentameter with a final line in iambic hexameter, and the rhyme scheme is abab abab abab aa

Spenserian Sonnet The Spenserian sonnet is based on a fusion of elements of both the Petrarchan sonnet and the Shakespearian sonnet. It is similar to the Shakespearian sonnet in the sense that its set up is based more on the 3 quatrains and a couplet, a system set up by Shakespeare; however, it is similar to the Petrarchan tradition in the fact that a solution or conclusion follows after an argument is set up in the earlier quatrains.