GROUP MEMBERS 1. 2. 3. 4.
5.
HAFSA ABDUL RAZZAQUE RABIA IRFAN SAMRA NAZIR SANA IMTIAZ MUHAMMAD CHAN ZAIB
181110051 18211019 181110062 181110061 18211010
Introduction
Conti… Golden
age of the English Literature
Heavily
influenced by Italian renaissance
Introduced new Tragic The
genre in English theatre
comedy became very popular
era is also called the era of sonnets
Conti… Works
of writer as Shakespeare, Wyatt and Thomas Campion became very popular
Shakespeare introduced his
own style now known as Shakespearean or English sonnets
Drama
under Elizabethan’s region, became a unifying influence
Conti… Some
most famous writers of this period
Christopher Marlowe,
sir Philip Sidney, Edmund Spenser, Thomas Mare, Bacon, William Shakespeare, and Ben Johnson
Shakespeare and
Marlowe were reputable playwrights of this age
Major writers William
Shakespeare Christopher Marlowe Ben Johnson Sir Thomas Wyatt Earl Of Surrey_ Henry Howard Edmund Spenser John Lyly Francis Bacon
Shakespearean Drama
Most memorable achievement in English Drama
Educated classes touch much more highly
Two periods
First Period
Nicholas Udall’s (Ralph Roister Doister)
John Still’s (Grummar Gurton’s Needle)
Thomas Sackville’s (Gorbuduc)
Second Group was dominated by “University Wits”
University Wits
The University Wits is a phrase used to name a group of late 16th-century English playwrights and pamphleteers who were educated at the universities (Oxford or Cambridge) and who became popular secular writers; Which include
Marlowe (Central Sun)
Minor Stars are:
Lyly
Greene
Peele
Lodge
Nash
Major Playwrights
•
William Shakespeare • Christopher Marlowe • Ben Johnson
William Shakespeare
An English poet, actor and the world’s greatest dramatist.
Born in 26th April 1564 and died in 23rd April 1616
Wrote 154 ‘Sonnets’ out of which18 are famous.
Wrote at least 37 plays
Over 150 short and long poems.
Also known as ‘The Bard', is responsible for some of the best plays and poetry written in the English language.
Conti…
Shakespeare did not attend University, thus he has received far more attention in popular culture as a Writer.
Shakespeare wrote in Blank Verse_ almost all plays.
Shakespeare was very fond of using Supernatural elements in his plays.
Conti… Shakespeare is often called England’s national poet and the “Bard of Avon”, and considered by many to be greatest dramatist of all time. Shakespeare’s character have an emotional reality, and his plays depict familiar experiences, ranging from family squabbles to falling in love to war. “A fool thinks himself to be wise, but a wise man knows himself to be a fool.”
Works
Work of Shakespeare can be divided inti four periods 1. Period of Experimentation Love’s Labour’s Lost Two Gentlemen of Verona Richard III 2. Development Period The Merchant of Venice Midsummer Night’s Dream As You Like It Henry IV
Conti… 3.
Period of Gloom and Depression
Hamlet
Lear
Macbeth
Othello
Julius Caesar
4.
Period of restored serenity
The Winter’s Tale
The Tempest
Henry VIII
Cymbeline
Impact of Shakespeare On English
Expanded the vocabulary of English language
Invented nearly 1700 hundred new words that we use today by adding suffixes and prefixes, by changing nouns into pronouns
Estimated to have used a mighty impressive 1500 different words in his plays
Also coined new phrases and sayings which have never been used before. Some of these are as:
Conti…
Heart of Gold ( Henry V)
In a pickle ( The Tempest)
Pure as the driven snow ( Hamlet)
Shakespeare is considered to have been greatest wordsmith of English language
These contribution helped him to be a very influential literary figure in English Language
Christopher Marlowe
One of the most suggestive figures of the English Renaissance
Greatest of Shakespeare’s Predecessors
Born in Canterbury Only few months before Shakespeare
Educated at Cambridge
First Play in 1587
Marlowe greatly influenced William Shakespeare
Basically tragedy playwright
Major Works Marlowe’s
contribution to English tragedy is very vital and manifold. His Major Works are as Follow. Tamburlaine (The story of Timur and Tartar) Doctor Faustus (Story of a Scholar who longs for infinite knowledge) Jew of Malta (Centers about Barbas, a terrible old money lender) Edward ll. ( a tragedy study of a king’s weakness and misery)
Characteristics Great
Contribution to the Elizabethan drama.
Raised
Subject matter of drama to the higher
level More
poetic style Characters
Introduced heroes
who were men of great strength and vitality
Conti… Life
and reality to the Characters
By
using Blank verse he made work of Shakespeare more easy
Gave
unity and Coherence to the drama
Poetic
glow to drama
Father
of English Dramatic Poetry
Ben Johnson
A prominent Dramatist of his times
Contemporary but opposite of Shakespeare
A classicist, a moralist, and a reformer of drama
Basically known as a Comedy Playwright
He was classically educational well read and cultured man of English language.
Ben Johnson broke the romantic tendency of Elizabethan drama.
Major Comedies Outstanding Comedies are as Follow Volpone ( A satirical study of avarice on heroic scale) The Silent Woman ( Comedy of manners) The Alchemist (Most perfect realistic Elizabethan Comedy) Bartholomew Fair (A true picture of Elizabethan low life) Every Man in His Humour Every Man Out Of Hs Humour
Tragedies Also
wrote two comedies on classical model that proved to be unsuccessful
Sejanus Cataline
Characteristics
Best
known for his Comedies
Profound Classical
Scholar wanted to reform the Elizabethan drama
Limited
his art in the bounds of reason and common sense
Intellectual and
satirical writer
Conti… Created
a new way of Comedy having its own method, scope and purpose
Broke
from Romantic Tendency of Elizabethan drama
Drew
his principles from ancients
Other Major Figures Thomas
Kyd ( The Spanish Tragedy)
Thomas
Sackville (Gorboduc)
Thomas
Norton ( Gorboduc)
John
Ford (Tis pity She’s a Whore)
Thomas
Middleton (Include comedy and tragedy plays)
Major Writers of Elizabethan prose:
Francis
bacon John Lyly
John Lyly Born
1553 Canterbury, united kingdom Died
November 27, London, united kingdom Occupation Prosewriter and playwrights
Major Works Euphues
and his England
Gallagathea The
anatomy of wit
Endimion
Shakespearean Age Poetry
Introduction •
Great Age of Poetry
•
Writing poetry was part of Education
•
Written many books of poetry
•
Began in 1579
•
Also Contributed by Sir Tomas Wyatt And Earl of Surrey (Tottle’s Miscellany)
Characteristics of Shakespearean Poetry Poetry
forms Poetry themes Poetry Style
Poetry form
Sonnet form was dominant (Shakespeare also preferred this style in his poetry)
Shakespearean Sonnet
Petrarchan Sonnet
Spensarian Sonnet
Lyric, Descriptive and Derivative poetry
Shakespearean Stanza
Poetry Themes
Courtly love, Mutability of life Religion and piety Rebirth and regeneration Rear of death Infliction and spiritual purification. Immortality Platonic love Nationalism Reformation
Poetry Style
Poetry styles dominated Elizabethan age may include:
Parody Style
Blank verse Style
Dramatic poetry Style
Pastoral poetry Style
during
the
Sonnet style_ ababbcdcdefefgg; Elizabethan scheme
Major Poets
Thomas Wyatt- Whoso List to Hunt Henry Howard- Description of Spring Edmund Spenser- To His Love Sir Philip Sidney- A Litany Sir Walter Raleigh- Answer to Marlowe William Shakespeare- Sonnet 18& Sonnet 65
Sir Thomas Wyatt (1503 – 11 October 1542)
Brief biography
Born in Kent, England, An ambassador to France and Italy for King Henry VIII.
Wyatt’s
travels abroad exposed him to different forms of poetry, which he adapted for the English language — most notably, the sonnet.
Rumored to
be Anne Boleyn’s lover, Source: poetryfoundation.org
Conti…
imprisoned for a month in the Tower of London until Boleyn’s execution for adultery. Many consider his poem “Whoso List to Hunt” to be about Boleyn. Credited for introducing the Italian form of sonnet to English. His poetry was widely circulated during his life, The first time to appear in print was after his death in print In 1557, ninety-six of his songs appeared in Songs and Sonnetts (Tottel’s Miscellany).
Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey
Tudor poet Henry Howard, the Earl of Surrey, was born in Hunsdon, Hertfordshire, England. He was the son of the third Duke of Norfolk. Associated with the royal court, Grew up at Windsor,
A childhood companion to the Duke of Richmond, son of Henry VIII.
Conti…
Surrey was also a first cousin to Anne Boleyn.
In 1532, he traveled to France with Henry VIII and stayed at the French court for almost a year.
Made Knight of the Garter in 1541 and served as a soldier in France.
After Anne Boleyn’s execution, Surrey and his father ran afoul of the new English court on several occasions.
Imprisoned in the Tower of London and executed in 1547.
Conti… Surrey’s poetry is often associated with that of Thomas Wyatt, whose work was published alongside Surrey’s in Tottel’s Miscellany (1557). A major poet of the 16th century, Surrey is credited with developing the Shakespearean form of the sonnet. He wrote love poems and elegies and translated Books 2 and 4 of Virgil’s Aeneid as well as Psalms and Ecclesiastes from the Bible. He also introduced blank verse to English—a form that he used in his translations of Virgil.
Edmund Spenser 1552–1599 • Edmund Spenser was an English poet best known for “The Faerie Queen”, an epic poem and fantastical allegory celebrating the Tudor dynasty and Elizabeth. • He is recognized as one of the premier craftsmen of Modern English verse in its infancy, and one of the greatest poets in English language.
Conti… Spenser used a distinctive verse form, called Spenserian stanza, in several works, including “The Faerie Queen”. The stanza’s main meter is iambic pentameter with a final line in iambic hexameter, and the rhyme scheme is abab abab abab aa
Spenserian Sonnet The Spenserian sonnet is based on a fusion of elements of both the Petrarchan sonnet and the Shakespearian sonnet. It is similar to the Shakespearian sonnet in the sense that its set up is based more on the 3 quatrains and a couplet, a system set up by Shakespeare; however, it is similar to the Petrarchan tradition in the fact that a solution or conclusion follows after an argument is set up in the earlier quatrains.