Sewa

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85

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;/tk ;/tk d' fe;wK dh j[zdh j? L-

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frnkB, ;zrhs, ebk iK Bkw dk wzso d/t/ sK r[o{ nkgD/ bJh ehsh rJh ;/tk #s/ y[F j' e/ T[; wB[Zy ~ fJj ;G e[M th d/ fdzdk j?. T[go'es f]nkb (notion) eJh ;dhnK s'I gqZubs j? go r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ B}ohJ/, B[es/ fBrkj Bkb fJ; ;/tk pko/ ;wMDk pj[s }o{oh j?, nkU ftukohJ/ L-

(1) r[o eh ;/tk (2) ybes (d[Bhnk) dh ;/tk i/eo ybes dh ;/tk ;jh wkfJB/ #u fiT{Dh j't/ sK r[o dh ;/tk nfs }o{oh wjZssk oydh j?. ybes dh ;/tk ~ ;wMD s'I gfjbK r[o eh ;/tk pko/ ftuko eoe/ t/yd/ jK L1H r[o eh ;/tk L- Gkos dh otkfJs ftZu eJh ;dhnK s'I gqubs fynkb (notion) j? fe r[o{ bJh gkDh GoBk, T[; ~ fJFBkB eokT[Dk, T[; d/ uoD x[NDk, gZyk MbBk, T[;~ o'Nh y[nkT[Dk, T[;dk i{mk nkg ykDk @r[o{ dh ;/tk# j?. fJ; fe;w d/ nB/eK jh eow jB i' fe fFF tb'I r[o{ dh ;/tk ft`u ehs/ iKd/ jB. go fJBQK #u t/yD ftukoB tkbh rZb j? fe fJj ;G }o{osK fe;h ;oho iK nkgD/ nkg ~ r[o{ ;wM p?m/ fe;h d/jXkoh wB[Zy dhnK j[zdhnK jB. fi; eoe/ ;ohoe r[o{ (ny"sh) d/ ;oho dh ;/tk T[; ~ gkbD g'FD tk;s/ ehsh iKdh j?. fi;d/ pdb/ r[o{ y[F j' e/ ;/tk eoD tkb/ s/ feogk$p]fFF eoe/ T[;d/ wB dhnK w[okdK g{ohnK eodk j? s/ T[; ;/tk eoB tkb/ fFF$u/b/ ~ d[fBnkth XB gdkoEK dhnK dksK p]Fdk j?. i/eo u/bk iK fFF ikuBk eo/ fe ;/tk eoD d/ pdb/ r[o{ T[;~

r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dh pkDh dh fBogZy gVu'b eohJ/ sK gsk brdk j? fe r[opkDh nB[;ko d/jXkoh r[osk ~ wzfBnk jh BjhI frnk. id'I BkBe gksFkj ih ~ f;XK B/ g[fSnk @@s/ok etD[ r[o{ fi; ek s{ u/bk..** (r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp, gzBk 942) T[BQK T[so fdZsk @@;pd[ r[o{ ;[ofs X[fB u/bk..** (r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp, gzBk 943) fJ; s'I fJbktk Fpd r[o{, pkDh r[o{ pko/ nB/eK soe Gog{o gqwkD r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ft`u doi jB fiBQK okjhI ;ohoe r[o{ ~ BjhI pbfe Fpd r[o{ - ;Zu/ frnkB ~ ;fsr[o (;fsr[o) fejk frnk j? L(1)

;fsr[o[ w/ok ;dk ;dk Bk nkt? B ikfJ.. (r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp, gzBk 759) (2) ej[ epho w? ;' r[o[ gkfJnk ik ek BkT[ fpp/e'[.. (r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp, gzBk 793) r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp w[skfpe oZp ih jh ;Zu/ frnkB r[o{ jB @@gkopqjw r[o Bkjh G/d** (r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp, gzBk 1142) ;' fJ; B[es/ w[skfpe Fpd r[o{ dk ;oho ns/ ;ohoe b'VK

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j[zdhnK jh BjhI. Fpd r[o{ ;ko/ ir ~ ukBD fdzdk j?, Fpd r[o{ ;G ~ @@r[o frnkB[ gquzv[ pbkfJnk** (r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp, gzBk 29) ns/ Fhsbsk o{gh ;fji ;zs'y fdzdk j?. Fpd r[o{ ~ Bk mzv brdh j? Bk jh rowh, Bk e[M ykD dh b'V j[zdh, Bk egV/ gfjBD dh ns/ Bk jh uoD x[NtkT[D. fJ; eoe/ Fpd r[o{ ~ ;odh-rowh, G[Zy-sq/j dhnK b'VK g{ohnK eoBhnK BjhI g?IdhnK. Fpd r[o{ fdB-oks, ;w/I, o[sK, fEZsK tkoK dk w[Eki BjhI ns/ Bk jh ;[Zy-d[Zy T[;~ tkgodk j?. f;ZN/ ti'I fJj' efjDk pDdk j? fe Fpd r[o{ ns/ ny"sh ;ohoe r[o{ #u }whB n;wkB dk coe j[zdk j? feT[Ife ;ohoe r[o{ izwdk wodk ns/ ;ohoe b'VK g{ohnK eoD bJh yKdk-ghIdk, gfjBdk ns/ ikrdk-;"Idk j? go @Fpd r[o{# ;Zu d/ frnkB ~ efjzd/ jB fi; ~ ;ohoe r[o{ tkbhnK }o{osK iK b'VK dh g{osh bJh fe;/ wB[Zyh ;/tk dh }o{os BjhI j[zdh. j[D j'o th ;zihdrh Bkb ftukoBk gt/rk fe Fpd r[o{ dhnK ;ohoe b'VK j[dz hnK jh BjhI sK fco r[o eh ;/tk fe; ~ efjzd/ jB< ;[fDnk wzfBnk wfB ehsk GkT[.. (r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp, gzBk 4) r[o eh ;/tk ;pd[ thuko[.. (r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp, gzBk 223) f;yh f;fynk r[o thukfo.. (r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp, gzBk 465) Gkt ;Zu d/ frnkB ~ ;[D, gVQ ns/ ;wM e/ wB[Zy dk ihtB T[Zuk j[zdk j?. wB[Zy ~ fpp/e p[ZXh gqkgs j[zdh j?. fi; ekoD wB[Zy d/ sB ns/ wB (;oho ns/ nzso nkswk) dh ;[XkJh

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j[zdh j?, wB[Zy dh ;[os, ws, wB, p[ZX xVh iKdh j?. f;ZN/ ti'I wB[Zy oZph r[D fiT{D bZr g?Idk j?. r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih nB[;ko fJj' r[o eh ;/tk dk bykfJe j?. r[o eh ;/tk eoj[ fdB[ okfs.. (r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp, gzBk 741) fJ; gzesh dk ;[B/jk i/ ;ohoe r[o{ dh ;/tk gZy'I bJhJ/ sK ;ohoe r[o{ oksh ;"I dk th j? s/ G[Zy bZrD s/ yKdk th j? go T[;d/ ;"D t/b/ th i/ T[;dh ;/tk eoh ikt' sK T[;~ fJsok} j't/rk ns/ i/ u"th xzN/ T[;~ y[nkJh ikt' sK T[; dk ;oho yokp j' ikt/rk Gkt fJj' fBeb/rk fe ;ohoe r[o{ dh ;/tk fdB oks, u"th xzN/ ehsh jh BjhI ik ;edh. id'I wB[yZ nkg jh phwko, bkuko, GZy[ k, Bzrk j't/ sK T[j ;ohoe r[o{ dh ;/tk eo jh BjhI ;edk. go Fpd r[o{ dk frnkB b? e/ T[; nB[;ko u"th xzN,/ ;Zs' fdB, ;koh T[wo fiT{Dk jh @@r[o eh ;/tk eoj[ fdB[ okfs..** (r[o{ rqEz ;kfjp, gzBk 741) efjbkT[dI k j?. Fpd r[o{ dh ;/tk eoD bJh fJe i}pk, fJe fjodk ukjhdk j? i' nkgD/ nkg ~ fBwosk *u frnkB r[o{ nZr/ ;wogD eodk j? sk fe fpp/e p[ZXh gqkgs j' ;e/ ns/ fJB;kBhns Gog{o, oZph r[DK Gog{o, r[ow[y (ideal) ihtB fiT{ ;e/. @@r[o eh ;/tk dk Gkt r[o{ d/ Fpd Bkb nkgD/ sB ns/ nzso nksw/ dh ;/tk eoBk j[zdk j?.## ;kvh ;[os, ws, wB, p[X, xV e/ fpp/esk Gog{o j' iKdh j?. r[o ek Fpd, ;Zuk frnkB wB[Zy ~ fJB;kBhns dh f;yo se gj[zuk fdzdk j?, fi;dk ;dek ;kv/ ihtB dk jo/e gb ;zs'yh, ;fji ns/ tzv SeZD tkbk pD iKdk j?. ;k~ ;ko/ wB[Zy @@e[dofs e/ ;G pzd/** (r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp, gzBk 1349) wfj;{; j'D bZr g?Id/

ftok;s

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jB. ;kvk ;G Bkb ftseo/ s'I fpBK tkbk fgnko g? iKdk j?, e'Jh s/o w/o BjhI ofjzdh, T{u-Bhu, iks-gks, wiQph ftseok ns/ ozr-B;b iK fbzr d/ G/d-Gkt w[Ze iKd/ jB. ;kvh fposh @@ftfu d[ B hnk ;/ t ewkJhn? . . sk dorj p? ; D[ gkJhn?..** (r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp, gzBk 26) tkbh pD iKdh j?. ezi;{ h, y[dro}h w[eZ iKdh j?. wB[yZ szr fdbh dh dhtkoK *u'I pkjo fBebe/ fJe' oZp dh ;KMhtkbsk tkbh r'd d/ j[bko/ *u ;koh wB[yZ sk ~ fjZe Bkb brkT[D dk fBZx wfj;{; eoD br g?dI k j?.

ybes dh ;/tk bzro, i'V/, :ksohnK ~ mfjokDk, eEk-ehosB d/ gqpzX, ;\kJh nkfd ;/tktK r[od[nkfonK #u o'ikBk ns/ Xkowe fJeZm #u ehshnK iKdhnK jB. fJBQK ;G d/ fgZS/ r[ows fdqV eokT[D dk jh T[gokbk j[zdk j?. fJj ;G ;/tktK eofdnK ;ops dk Gbk, fwmk;, fBwosk nkfd r[D f;yD/ ukjhd/ jB. r[o{ dh rZb ~ nkswe sb s/ ;[DBk ns/ wzBDk nfs io{oh j?, fi; okjhI ;wkie Gb/ bJh fposh pDkT[Dh j?. i/ eo n;hI fJj ;G ;/tktK eohJ/ go r[ows nB[;ko nwbh ihtBh tkb/, uzr/ r[DK tkb/ nkdoF wB[Zy Bk pDhJ/ sK n?;hnK ;/tktK ;koh d[Bhnk #u Gkt/I e'Jh th wiQp iK fcoek eodk j't/, r[ows nB[;ko ;/tk dh e;tZNh s/ g{o/ BjhI T[sod/. rohp pZfunK bJh ;e{b, ekbi, feskpK, ekghnK, todhnK ns/ j;gskb y'bQD dh ;/tk i?;/ nB/eK fBZe/ s'I fBZe/ iK tZv/ s'I tZv/ ezw ;k~ @ybes dh ;/tk# dk nfj;k; eokT[Id/ jB. go i/eo fJj ;G ;/tktK eofdnK n;hI Fpd frnkB r[o{ okjhI fpp/e p[ZXh gqkgs BjhI ehsh sK fJj ;/tk ;kvh jT[w? ~ gZm/ gkT[D dk ezw jh j' fBpVdh j?. jzeko tZ; fpp/e p[ZXh

90

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s'I ftj{Dk wB[Zy i/ e'Jh th ;/tk eodk j? sK eq'X, tyo/tk, ezi{;h, y[dro}h T[; ~ p/u?B oyd/ jB. f;ZN/ ti'I ftekoK tZ; fgnk wB[Zy ;KMhtkbsk dk j[bkok wkD jh BjhI ;edk s/ fiT{IfdnK ihn w[es nt;Ek BjhI fiT{ ;edk. ;/tk d/ fJ; ftF/ ~ @r[o eh ;/tk# ns/ @ybes dh ;/tk# - i?;/ d'B' gfjb{nK s'I fbyD dk we;d e/tb fJsBk j? fe ;k~ @@r[o eh ;/tk** Gkt Fpd r[o{ (frnkB r[o{) okjhI nkgDk feodko wB[Zysk Gog{o pDkT[Dk j?. nkgDk sB ns/ wB fJsBk ;ztko fFzrko b?Dk j? sk fe L(1)

;kvhnK nZyK dh ;/tk j' ikt/ ;k~ @@Bk e' p?oh Bjh fprkBk** (r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp, gzBk 1299) tkbh nt;Ek dh B}o gqkgs j' ikt/.

(2)

;kv/ jZEK dh ;/tk j' ikt/ sk fe ;kv/ jZEK s'I fe;h d/ ftrkV tkb/ ezw Bk j' ;eD pbfe ;G d/ bJh T[;ko{ ezw eo ;ehJ/.

(3)

;kv/ g?oK dh ;/tk j' ikt/ sk fe ;kv/ edw frnkB r[o{ d/ BeF/ edw s/ N[oB ns/ G?V/ gk;/, G?Vh ;zrs tZb N[o e/ Bk ik ;eD.

(4)

;kv/ ezBK dh ;/tk j' ikt/, sk fe T[j fBzdk u[rbh ~ ;[DB' jZN ikD s/ e/tb ;Zu d/ frnkB ~ ;[D ;eD d/ bkfJe pD ikD.

rZb sK ;wMD tkbh fJj' j? fe @r[o eh ;/tk* dk wsbp ;ohoe r[o{ ih dh ;/tk eoBk BjhI j?. don;b Fpd r[o{ ~ gVQ ;[D e/, ;wM e/ T[; nB[;ko N[oD Bkb wB[Zy dh nkgDh jh ;/tk j' iKdh j?, fi; Bkb wB[Zy dk sB ns/ wB d't/I gqc[bZs

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j' iKd/ jB. f;ZN/ ti'I wB[Zy oZph r[DK tkbk ihtB fiT{D bZr g?Idk j? ns/ fiT[I-fiT[I oZph r[DK ekoD tzv SeDk, ;zs'y, ;fji ns/ fwmk; f;ydk iKdk j? fsT[I-fsT[I ;koh ybes ~ fgnko eodk, wkc eodk ns/ ;G Bkb ;KMhtkbsk dk tshok eoD d/ ;[GkT[ tkbk pD iKdk j? - fJj' ;/tk @r[o eh ;/tk* ns/ @ybes dh ;/tk* efjbkT[dI h j?. fiBQK wB[yZ k B/ r[o eh ;/tk tkbh w[Ybh (Basic) ftuko ~ BjhI ;wfMnk, T[j wB[yZ ny"sh goT[geko (charity) d/ BK j/m pj[s ;/tktK, dkB-gzB[ sK eod/ jB go tZytkd, ftseok, XV/pk}h, eqX' ns/ jzeko torhnK j'o nB/eK fpwkohnK s'I ghfVs ofjzd/ jB. fJ; eoe/ e/tb goT[geko (Charity) eoe/ ybes dh ;/tk eoB ~ r[ows *u gotkB BjhI ehsk frnk. ;k ;/tk ehsh ;cb j? fis[ ;fsr[o ek wB[ wzB./ . ik ;fsr[o ek wB[ wzfBnk sk gkg e;zwb GzB./ . (r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp, gzBk 314) f;ZN/ ti'I (ultimately) @r[o eh ;/tk* okjhI wB[Zy nkg ikro[e (elevate) j[zdk j? s/ nkg w[jko/, ;fji ;[GkfJ jh T[; gk;'I ybes dh ;/tk j'D bZr g?Idh j?. pd' pdh ;/tk eoDk ns/ nkg w[jko/ ;/tk dk ;[Gkn pD ikDk - fJBQK d'jK *u coe j[zdk j?. feT[Ife ikro[e wB[Zy ~ ;/tk eoB bJh e'Jh T[dZw (effort) BjhI eoBk g?Idk pbfe ;fji ;[GkfJ jh T[; s'I ;/tk j'D bZr g?Idh j?.



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;o'to r[o{ BkBe gksFkj B/ wB[Zy ~ J/esk f;ykT[D bJh pVk jh fBokbk ns/ ftbZyD Yzr ftT[jko ftZu fbnKdk. iZE/pzdh dh Feb ftZu ;zrsh s"o s/ ;zrsK ~ gzEe Yzr d/ Bkb ;wMkT[D dk isB ehsk sk fe ;funkJh ns/ wB[Zysk tkbk ihtB ihftnk ik ;Ze/. r[o{ BkBe gksFkj d/ fJ; ;[B/j/ ~ jh nrKj s'oB d/ we;d Bkb r[od[nkfonK dk fBowkD ehsk frnk ;h. n;hI fJzi efj ;ed/ jK fe r[od[nkok fJe gkmFkbk j?, ;e{b j?. wB[Zy fi; soQK ;e{b iK ekbi ftZu fttjkoe (practically) Yzr Bkb ;koh rZb f;ydk j?, gVQkJh eodk j?, T[;h soQK @@nkswe ihtB dh gVQkJh** r[od[nko/ nzdo @;s;zrs* o{g ftZu jk}o j'e/ ns/ nkgD/ ihtB ftZu XkoB eo e/ ehsh iKdh j?. fJ; dk wsbp fJj j'fJnk fe r[od[nkok T[j fttjkfoe ftfdnkbk j? fiZE/ n;hI nkgD/ ihtB dk fwnko TÆuk eoB tk;s/ r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih dh pkDh ;zrs o{g ftZu ;[Dd/ jK. b'eh ;wMd/ ;B fe shoEK s/ i/eo fe;h gkDh ftZu, Bdh ftZu iK fe;/ th ;o'to ftZu fJFBkB eo nkU sK gkg d{o j' iKd/ jB. pkDh ftZu fJ; pko/ fbfynk frnk j? fe L ib e? wifB i/ rfs j't? fBs fBs w/vI e[ Bktfj.. (r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp, gzBk 484) Gkt gkDh d/ Bkb Bjk e/ i/eo gkg d{o j[zd/ j'D, rsh j[zdh j't/ sK o'} TÆE/ w/Ive, wSbhnK BjKdhnK jB fco sK

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