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Objective
Server Definition Server Types What makes up a Server High Availability Features
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What is Server? A server can be defined as an individual computer on a LAN (Local Area Network), acting as a service or resource provider to client computers, by sharing the resources within the network infrastructure. provides ‘service’ shares resources shares devices opens gateway to other system provides processing power stores item July 23, 2009
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Server Types Examples A Web Server may host websites or provide access to content and it responds to requests received from Web provides authentication and security services including logged information management
Web Servers Database Servers
Security & Directory Servers
controls and manages assign names on the network and resolves host name to an IP Address
DNS Servers
File/Print Servers
most typical use of technology in clientserver. Accepts requests for data, retrieves the data from its database (or requests data from another node) and passes the results back manage a work group’s data files and print jobs
Application Servers
shares its resources but may also be used to run applications for users July 23, 2009
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Types and Features of Computer Notebook / Mobile Computer -- Ultraportable -- Full Function -- Desktop Alternative Desktop Computer - Non-Mobile - Full Function Server -- High Security -- Process and File Data -- Tower -- Rack -- Blades
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Differentiating Computer Features
Notebook
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Desktop
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Server
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What makes up a Server? CPU/Processor
Front Side Bus
System Board
Memory
System Chipset PCI/Memory Controller
PCI Bus
I/O devices
Data Storage July 23, 2009
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Processor
The part of the computer that controls the execution of program instructions
CPU Memory System Chipset PCI/Memory Controller
I/O Bus
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I/O devices
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Manufacturers
Brands
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Processor Types Intel Pentium 4 Processor
Intel primary target for Desktop For entry level single CPU server 512K L2 cache with 533MHz Front Side Bus Hyper-Threading Technology
Intel XEON Processor DP
Also called XEON Processor DP (Dual Processor) 1MB L2 cache with 800MHz Front Side Bus Hyper-Threading Technology Extended Memory 64 Technology (EM64T)
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Intel XEON Processor MP
For demanding enterprise workload (4 or more CPU) Up to 512KB L2 cache and 2MB L3 cache with 800MHz Front Side Bus Hyper-Threading Technology Intel Dual Core Processor EM64T
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Intel Xeon Processors ’03
’04
’05
’06
Common Platform CSI based
8+ Way Gallatin 4M
Gallatin 2M/130nm 2.0GHz
8M/90nm 3.6GHz
4M/130nm 3GHz
4 Way
Tcase TDP
Tulsa Dual core
Potomac
71 ºC 85W
Tcase TDP
8M/90nm 3.4GHz
65 ºC 115W 667 MHz
Tcase TDP
69 ºC 175W
XXXX
16M/90nm TDP 100-130W
XXXX
DP
Prestonia 512K/130nm 2.8GHz
400 MHz
533 MHz
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Prestonia 2ML3
130nm 3.2 GHz Tcase 71 ºC TDP 94W
Nocona 1M/90nm 3.6GHz Tcase TDP
71 ºC 103W
XXXX
XXXX 1M/90nm
4.4GHz Tcase 73 ºC TDP 120W
Tcase 73 ºC TDP 130W
Tcase ? ºC TDP 150W
1067 MHz
XXXX (mobile dual) 65nm TDP 70W
800 MHz
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Memory
Memory is the storage area of the computer Physical memory refers to the chips capable of holding data Memory does not retain data when the computer is powered off
CPU Memory System Chipset PCI/Memory Controller
PCI Bus
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I/O devices
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DDR1 and DDR2 Comparison
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DDR3
Advantages compared to DDR2 •Higher bandwidth performance, effectively up to 1600 MHz •Improved latencies as measured in nanoseconds. •Higher performance at low power (longer battery life in laptops) •Enhanced low power features •Improved thermal design (cooler) Disadvantages compared to DDR2 •Incompatible with DDR2 motherboards •As of November 2008, costs somewhat more than equivalent DDR2 memory July 23, 2009
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DDR RAM Road Map
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Storage
Unit that holds data for storage
CPU Memory System Chipset PCI/Memory Controller
PCI Bus
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I/O devices
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Common types of Disk Interface
PATA
5.4K – 15K RPM
133mbps transfer rate
SATA
7.2K – 15K RPM
150mbps transfer rate
SCSI
10K – 15K RPM
320mbps transfer rate
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History of Parallel ATA Advanced Technology Attachment Intelligent Drive Electronics
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History of Serial ATA (SATA)
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Serial ATA What is Serial ATA?
Serial ATA (SATA) is the next evolution and replacement of the Parallel ATA interface SATA is a 1.5 Gb/s serial point to point architecture with a primary focus on low cost SATA is driven by cost and ideal for desktop, notebook, entry level servers, and new near-line bulk storage solutions
Advantages
Lowest acquisition cost Ease of serviceability (hot plug) Higher bandwidth per port (~150MB/s) Capability for larger number of drives Thinner cables Smaller connectors allow for small form factor hard disk drives July 23, 2009
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STORAGE CONTROLLERS Differences? SATA / SAS Controller
SCSI Controller
RAID Controller
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SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) “SCUZZY” Is an ultra-fast, high-power communications bus that connects up to 15 devices to your computer Commonly Used for: Hard Disks Tape Storage Scanners Optical Drives
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SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) There are several benefits of SCSI: It's fast -- up to 320 megabytes per second (MBps) It's reliable It allows you to put multiple devices on one bus It works on most computer systems Ease of Serviceability
There are also some potential problems when using SCSI: It must be configured for a specific computer. It has limited system BIOS support. Its variations (speeds, connectors) can be bewildering. There is no common software interface. July 23, 2009
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Types of SCSI Parallel SCSI
Serial SCSI / Serial Attached SCSI
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TRANSFER RATE (Megabytes/Sec MBps)
Fast Wide SCSI-2
Ultra2-Fast SCSI-3
Wide Ultra SCSI-3
Wide Ultra2 SCSI 3
80
1984 86 88 90 92 94 96 98
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2000
160
01
Ultra 640 ed SCSI (S AS)
320
Attach
Ultra 320
640
Serial
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Ultra 3 SCSI
Ultra Fast SCSI-3
5 Wide SCSI-2
10
Fast SCSI-2
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SCSI-1
SCSI Drive Evolution
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Moving from Parallel SCSI to Serial SCSI (SAS)
SAS A new generation serial communication protocol for direct attached devices designed to allow for much higher speed data transfers and is compatible with SATA. SAS uses serial communication instead of the parallel method found in traditional SCSI devices but still uses SCSI commands for interacting with SAS devices.
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SAS and SATA Compatibility
Note: SATA backplane connectors Will NOT accept SAS drives
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SAS ROADMAP
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FIBER CHANNEL HARD DISKS Enterprise Class Hard drives Storage Area Networks (SAN)
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Common SCSI Connector Types
A - Industry Standard 68-Pin (HD68) Internal HD 68 (female) Internal HD 68 (male)
External HD 68 (male) External HD 68 (male)
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SCSI Connector Types B – VHDCI LVD/SE SCSI
External 0.8mm (female) VDHDCI LVD/SE External 0.8mm (male) VDHDCI LVD/SE
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PCI Bus • Is a functional way to connect sound, video and network cards to a motherboard.
CPU Memory System Chipset PCI/Memory Controller
PCI Bus
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I/O devices
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I / O Bus
No of bits
32 bits
64 bits
Clock speed
33MHz and 66MHz
133MHz
Transfer rate
133mbps
1Gb/s
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PCI Cards
Example of a PCI Card
PCI Devices Graphics Card Sound Card LAN Card
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Common Server PCI-X Devices
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Compatibility
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Evolution of Bus Technologies
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PCI Express? Also known as 3GIO (for third-generation Input/Output)
• An I/O Interconnect bus standard that expands on and doubles the data transfer rates of the original PCI • Initial bit rates for PCI Express reach 2.5Gb/s per lane direction, which equate to data transfer rates of approximately 200Mb/s • PCI Express was developed so that high-speed interconnects such as Firewire, USB 2.0, InfiniBand, and Gigabit Ethernet would have an I/O architecture suitable for their transfer high speeds.
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PCIe Connector Types
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Terms to Ponder BUS A communication highway between various components of the Computer Front Side Bus (FSB) This bus carries all information that passes from the CPU to other devices within the system such as RAM, PCI expansion cards, hard disks, etc.
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HIGH AVAILABILITY / FAULT-TOLERANT FEATURES Redundant Features RAID Hot Swap / Hot-Pluggable Hot-Spare / On-Line Spare
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The RAID Technology
Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks
• Provides real-time data recovery when a hard drive fails, increasing system uptime and network availability, while protecting against loss of data.
RAID Controller
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RAID Levels (RAID 0 and RAID 1) RAID-0 Stripping
RAID-1 Mirroring
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1 5
2 6
1 2 3
3 7
Mirror
4
1 2 3
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Advantage :
100% Disk Space Available Fastest Disadvantage : No protection
Advantage : Fault Tolerance Disadvantage : 50% Disk Space Available
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RAID Levels RAID 0+1 (or RAID 10) RAID-0 Stripping
1 5
2 6
3 7
4 Advantages:
Mirrored (RAID 1)
RAID-0 Stripping
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1 5
2 6
3 7
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Fastest Tolerance multiple disks failure Disadvantage: 50% Disk Available
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RAID Levels (RAID 5)
RAID-5 Stripping w/ Parity
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1 4 7
2 Parity
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3 5
Parity
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Parity
6 9
Advantage : Only 1 Disk Space Used for Parity Protect 1 Disk failure Good Performance
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On Line Spare Disks
RAID-5
1 4 7
2 Parity
8
On Line Spare Disks
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3 5
Parity
Parity
6 9
3 5
Parity
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Memory Protection
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ECC Memory Protection 1 DRAM Chip 4-bit Length 0001 1
CORRECTED 0001
ECC 1 DRAM Chip 4-bit Length 0001
CRASHED
BLUE SCREEN
ECC July 23, 2009
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Advanced ECC Memory Reconstruct 1 DRAM Chip 1011101
1011101
CRASHED
BLUE SCREEN July 23, 2009
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Online Spare Memory
Transfer data to spare memory
Main Memory 4x1GB RAM
al n o i rat
e Op
Spare Memory 2x1GB RAM
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Hot Plug Memory Hot Plug Mirrored Memory hot replace • replace a failed DIMM while the server is running • OS / application transparent
hot add - upgrade • add a new bank of DIMMs while the server is running • OS / application enabled
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QUESTIONS ?
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THANK YOU!
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