Server 101s Final

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July 23, 2009

SERVER 101

1

Objective

 Server Definition  Server Types  What makes up a Server  High Availability Features

July 23, 2009

SERVER 101

2

What is Server? A server can be defined as an individual computer on a LAN (Local Area Network), acting as a service or resource provider to client computers, by sharing the resources within the network infrastructure.  provides ‘service’  shares resources  shares devices  opens gateway to other system  provides processing power  stores item July 23, 2009

SERVER 101

3

Server Types Examples A Web Server may host websites or provide access to content and it responds to requests received from Web provides authentication and security services including logged information management

Web Servers Database Servers

Security & Directory Servers

controls and manages assign names on the network and resolves host name to an IP Address

DNS Servers

File/Print Servers

most typical use of technology in clientserver. Accepts requests for data, retrieves the data from its database (or requests data from another node) and passes the results back manage a work group’s data files and print jobs

Application Servers

shares its resources but may also be used to run applications for users July 23, 2009

SERVER 101

4

Types and Features of Computer Notebook / Mobile Computer -- Ultraportable -- Full Function -- Desktop Alternative Desktop Computer - Non-Mobile - Full Function Server -- High Security -- Process and File Data -- Tower -- Rack -- Blades

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5

Differentiating Computer Features

Notebook

July 23, 2009

Desktop

SERVER 101

Server

6

What makes up a Server? CPU/Processor

Front Side Bus

System Board

Memory

System Chipset PCI/Memory Controller

PCI Bus

I/O devices

Data Storage July 23, 2009

SERVER 101

7

Processor 

The part of the computer that controls the execution of program instructions

CPU Memory System Chipset PCI/Memory Controller

I/O Bus

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SERVER 101

I/O devices

8

Manufacturers

Brands

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9

Processor Types Intel Pentium 4 Processor   



Intel primary target for Desktop For entry level single CPU server 512K L2 cache with 533MHz Front Side Bus Hyper-Threading Technology

Intel XEON Processor DP 

  

Also called XEON Processor DP (Dual Processor) 1MB L2 cache with 800MHz Front Side Bus Hyper-Threading Technology Extended Memory 64 Technology (EM64T)

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10

Intel XEON Processor MP 



  

For demanding enterprise workload (4 or more CPU) Up to 512KB L2 cache and 2MB L3 cache with 800MHz Front Side Bus Hyper-Threading Technology Intel Dual Core Processor EM64T

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11

Intel Xeon Processors ’03

’04

’05

’06

Common Platform CSI based

8+ Way Gallatin 4M

Gallatin 2M/130nm 2.0GHz

8M/90nm 3.6GHz

4M/130nm 3GHz

4 Way

Tcase TDP

Tulsa Dual core

Potomac

71 ºC 85W

Tcase TDP

8M/90nm 3.4GHz

65 ºC 115W 667 MHz

Tcase TDP

69 ºC 175W

XXXX

16M/90nm TDP 100-130W

XXXX

DP

Prestonia 512K/130nm 2.8GHz

400 MHz

533 MHz

July 23, 2009

Prestonia 2ML3

130nm 3.2 GHz Tcase 71 ºC TDP 94W

Nocona 1M/90nm 3.6GHz Tcase TDP

71 ºC 103W

XXXX

XXXX 1M/90nm

4.4GHz Tcase 73 ºC TDP 120W

Tcase 73 ºC TDP 130W

Tcase ? ºC TDP 150W

1067 MHz

XXXX (mobile dual) 65nm TDP 70W

800 MHz

SERVER 101

12

Memory 





Memory is the storage area of the computer Physical memory refers to the chips capable of holding data Memory does not retain data when the computer is powered off

CPU Memory System Chipset PCI/Memory Controller

PCI Bus

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SERVER 101

I/O devices

13

DDR1 and DDR2 Comparison

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14

DDR3

Advantages compared to DDR2 •Higher bandwidth performance, effectively up to 1600 MHz •Improved latencies as measured in nanoseconds. •Higher performance at low power (longer battery life in laptops) •Enhanced low power features •Improved thermal design (cooler) Disadvantages compared to DDR2 •Incompatible with DDR2 motherboards •As of November 2008, costs somewhat more than equivalent DDR2 memory July 23, 2009

SERVER 101

15

DDR RAM Road Map

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Storage 

Unit that holds data for storage

CPU Memory System Chipset PCI/Memory Controller

PCI Bus

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SERVER 101

I/O devices

17

Common types of Disk Interface

PATA

5.4K – 15K RPM

133mbps transfer rate

SATA

7.2K – 15K RPM

150mbps transfer rate

SCSI

10K – 15K RPM

320mbps transfer rate

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18

History of Parallel ATA Advanced Technology Attachment Intelligent Drive Electronics

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History of Serial ATA (SATA)

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Serial ATA What is Serial ATA? 





Serial ATA (SATA) is the next evolution and replacement of the Parallel ATA interface SATA is a 1.5 Gb/s serial point to point architecture with a primary focus on low cost SATA is driven by cost and ideal for desktop, notebook, entry level servers, and new near-line bulk storage solutions

Advantages      

Lowest acquisition cost Ease of serviceability (hot plug) Higher bandwidth per port (~150MB/s) Capability for larger number of drives Thinner cables Smaller connectors allow for small form factor hard disk drives July 23, 2009

SERVER 101

21

STORAGE CONTROLLERS Differences? SATA / SAS Controller

SCSI Controller

RAID Controller

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22

SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) “SCUZZY” Is an ultra-fast, high-power communications bus that connects up to 15 devices to your computer Commonly Used for: Hard Disks Tape Storage Scanners Optical Drives

July 23, 2009

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23

SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) There are several benefits of SCSI: It's fast -- up to 320 megabytes per second (MBps) It's reliable It allows you to put multiple devices on one bus It works on most computer systems Ease of Serviceability

There are also some potential problems when using SCSI: It must be configured for a specific computer. It has limited system BIOS support. Its variations (speeds, connectors) can be bewildering. There is no common software interface. July 23, 2009

SERVER 101

24

Types of SCSI Parallel SCSI

Serial SCSI / Serial Attached SCSI

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TRANSFER RATE (Megabytes/Sec MBps)

Fast Wide SCSI-2

Ultra2-Fast SCSI-3

Wide Ultra SCSI-3

Wide Ultra2 SCSI 3

80

1984 86 88 90 92 94 96 98

July 23, 2009

SERVER 101

2000

160

01

Ultra 640 ed SCSI (S AS)

320

Attach

Ultra 320

640

Serial

40

Ultra 3 SCSI

Ultra Fast SCSI-3

5 Wide SCSI-2

10

Fast SCSI-2

20

SCSI-1

SCSI Drive Evolution

03 26

Moving from Parallel SCSI to Serial SCSI (SAS)

SAS A new generation serial communication protocol for direct attached devices designed to allow for much higher speed data transfers and is compatible with SATA. SAS uses serial communication instead of the parallel method found in traditional SCSI devices but still uses SCSI commands for interacting with SAS devices.

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SAS and SATA Compatibility

Note: SATA backplane connectors Will NOT accept SAS drives

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SAS ROADMAP

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29

FIBER CHANNEL HARD DISKS Enterprise Class Hard drives Storage Area Networks (SAN)

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30

Common SCSI Connector Types

A - Industry Standard 68-Pin (HD68) Internal HD 68 (female) Internal HD 68 (male)

External HD 68 (male) External HD 68 (male)

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31

SCSI Connector Types B – VHDCI LVD/SE SCSI

External 0.8mm (female) VDHDCI LVD/SE External 0.8mm (male) VDHDCI LVD/SE

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32

PCI Bus • Is a functional way to connect sound, video and network cards to a motherboard.

CPU Memory System Chipset PCI/Memory Controller

PCI Bus

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SERVER 101

I/O devices

33

I / O Bus

No of bits

32 bits

64 bits

Clock speed

33MHz and 66MHz

133MHz

Transfer rate

133mbps

1Gb/s

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34

PCI Cards

Example of a PCI Card

PCI Devices Graphics Card Sound Card LAN Card

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35

Common Server PCI-X Devices

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36

Compatibility

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37

Evolution of Bus Technologies

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38

PCI Express? Also known as 3GIO (for third-generation Input/Output)

• An I/O Interconnect bus standard that expands on and doubles the data transfer rates of the original PCI • Initial bit rates for PCI Express reach 2.5Gb/s per lane direction, which equate to data transfer rates of approximately 200Mb/s • PCI Express was developed so that high-speed interconnects such as Firewire, USB 2.0, InfiniBand, and Gigabit Ethernet would have an I/O architecture suitable for their transfer high speeds.

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39

PCIe Connector Types

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40

Terms to Ponder BUS A communication highway between various components of the Computer Front Side Bus (FSB) This bus carries all information that passes from the CPU to other devices within the system such as RAM, PCI expansion cards, hard disks, etc.

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41

HIGH AVAILABILITY / FAULT-TOLERANT FEATURES Redundant Features RAID Hot Swap / Hot-Pluggable Hot-Spare / On-Line Spare

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42

The RAID Technology 

Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks

• Provides real-time data recovery when a hard drive fails, increasing system uptime and network availability, while protecting against loss of data.

RAID Controller

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43

RAID Levels (RAID 0 and RAID 1) RAID-0 Stripping

RAID-1 Mirroring

July 23, 2009

1 5

2 6

1 2 3

3 7

Mirror

4

1 2 3

SERVER 101

Advantage :

100% Disk Space Available Fastest Disadvantage : No protection

Advantage : Fault Tolerance Disadvantage : 50% Disk Space Available

44

RAID Levels RAID 0+1 (or RAID 10) RAID-0 Stripping

1 5

2 6

3 7

4 Advantages:

Mirrored (RAID 1)

RAID-0 Stripping

July 23, 2009

1 5

2 6

3 7

SERVER 101

4

Fastest Tolerance multiple disks failure Disadvantage: 50% Disk Available

45

RAID Levels (RAID 5)

RAID-5 Stripping w/ Parity

July 23, 2009

1 4 7

2 Parity

8

3 5

Parity

SERVER 101

Parity

6 9

Advantage : Only 1 Disk Space Used for Parity Protect 1 Disk failure Good Performance

46

On Line Spare Disks

RAID-5

1 4 7

2 Parity

8

On Line Spare Disks

July 23, 2009

3 5

Parity

Parity

6 9

3 5

Parity

SERVER 101

47

Memory Protection

July 23, 2009

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48

ECC Memory Protection 1 DRAM Chip 4-bit Length 0001 1

CORRECTED 0001

ECC 1 DRAM Chip 4-bit Length 0001

CRASHED

BLUE SCREEN

ECC July 23, 2009

SERVER 101

49

Advanced ECC Memory Reconstruct 1 DRAM Chip 1011101

1011101

CRASHED

BLUE SCREEN July 23, 2009

SERVER 101

50

Online Spare Memory

Transfer data to spare memory

Main Memory 4x1GB RAM

al n o i rat

e Op

Spare Memory 2x1GB RAM

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51

Hot Plug Memory Hot Plug Mirrored Memory hot replace • replace a failed DIMM while the server is running • OS / application transparent

hot add - upgrade • add a new bank of DIMMs while the server is running • OS / application enabled

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52

QUESTIONS ?

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53

THANK YOU!

July 23, 2009

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54

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